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Kimberley Fernandez

Kimberley Fernandez | Roll No- 15

THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA


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Kimberley Fernandez Page 2

TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDEGMENT 3

THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA 4

THE CONTINENT OF AFRICA 5

SUMMARY 6

ECONOMIC SUMMARY & TRADE IN 2010 8

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 9

THE CAPITAL CITYNAIROBI 11

POPULATION 13

INDIANS IN KENYA 13

ETHNIC GROUPS 14

WILDLIFE 14

RELIGION 16

CLIMATE 17

HEALTH 18

EDUCATION 18

CULTURE 19

ENTERTAINMENT 22

INFRASTRUCTURE 24

POLITICS & ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS 26


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ECONOMY 28

CURRENCY, EXCHANGE RATE, AND INFLATION 30

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) 32

INDUSTRY IN KENYA

TOURISM 34

AGRICULTURE 36

FORESTRY AND FISHING 38

MINING AND MINERALS 38

INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING 39

ENERGY 40

OIL EXPLORATION 42

FINANCIAL SERVICES 43

LABOR 43

VISION 2030 44

FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS 45

KENYA EXPORTS 47

KENYA IMPORTS 47

REGIONAL ECONOMIC OVERVIEW 48

COMPARISON OF E.A MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS 49

CRITICISM AND CHALLENGES 50

CONCLUSION 51

BIBLIOGRAPHY 52


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my Professor Mr. DCosta

for giving me this project on the

REPUBLIC OF KENYA.

I would also like to thank my parents for very

helpful as this would not have been possible

without their support.


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The Republic of Kenya

Jamhuri ya Kenya


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THE CONTINENT OF AFRICA


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SUMMARY

Kenya officially known as the Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa that lies on

the equator. With the Indian Ocean to its south-east, it is bordered by Tanzania to the

south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to

the north-east.

Kenya has a land area of 580,000 km2 and a population of nearly 41 million, representing 42

different people and cultures. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark

and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks.

Following a referendum and adoption of a new constitution in August 2010, Kenya is now

divided into 47 counties that are semi-autonomous units of governance. These units are expected

to be fully implemented by August 2012 in time for the first general election under the new

constitution. The counties will be governed by elected governors and will operate independent of

the central government in Nairobi.

The country's geography is as diverse as its multi-ethnic population. It has a warm and humid

climate along its coastline on the Indian Ocean which changes to wildlife-

rich savannah grasslands moving inland towards the capital Nairobi. Nairobi has a cool climate

that gets colder approaching Mount Kenya, which has three permanently snow-capped peaks.

The warm and humid tropical climate re-appears further inland towards Lake Victoria, before

giving way to temperate forested and hilly areas in the western region. The North Eastern regions

along the border with Somalia and Ethiopia are arid and semi-arid areas with near-

desert landscapes. The country also has significant geothermal activity that puts a lot of

electricity in the national grid.

Kenya's capital city, Nairobi, is situated next to a national park. The country is famous for

its safaris and diverse world-famous wildlife reserves such as Tsavo National Park, the Maasai

Mara, Nakuru National Park, and Aberdares National Parkthat attract tourists from all over the

world.

Lake Victoria, the world's second largest fresh-water lake (after Lake Superior in the US and

Canada) and the world's largest tropical lake, is situated to the southwest and is shared with

Uganda and Tanzania.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highest_mountain_peaks_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsavo_National_Park_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Nakuru_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdares_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Superiorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Superiorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdares_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Nakuru_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsavo_National_Park_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highest_mountain_peaks_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania


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As part ofEast Africa, Kenya has seen human habitation since the Lower Paleolithic period.

The Bantu expansion reached the area by the first millennium AD, and the borders of the modern

state comprise the crossroads of the Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Asiatic linguistic areas of

Africa, making Kenya a truly multi-cultural state. European and Arab presence

in Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period, but European exploration of the interior began

only in the 19th century. The British Empire established the Protectorate in 1895, known from

1920 as the Kenya Colony. The independent Republic of Kenya was founded in December 1963.

The capital, Nairobi, is a regional commercial hub. The economy of Kenya is the largest

by GDP in East and Central Africa. Agriculture is a major employer and the country

traditionally exports tea and coffee, and more recently fresh flowers to Europe. The service

industry is a major economic driver, mostly the telecommunications sector, and contributes 62

percent ofGDP.

Kenya is a member of the East African Community.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Paleolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_expansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger-Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilo-Saharanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilo-Saharanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger-Congohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_expansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Paleolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa


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Economic summary

GDP

$32.16 billion (2010) at Market Price. $ 66.03 billion

(Purchasing Power Parity, 2010)

There exists an informal economy that is never counted

as part of the official GDP figures.

Annual growth rate 5.8% (2005): 2006 = 6.1% : Estimate for 2007 = 7.2%

Per capita income Per Capita Income (PPP)= $1,600

Natural resources Wildlife, land (5% arable),Titanium, Coal

Agricultural producetea, coffee, sugarcane, horticultural

products, corn, wheat, rice, sisal, pineapples, pyrethrum,

dairy products, meat and meat products, hides, skins

Industrypetroleum products, grain and sugar milling, cement,

beer, soft drinks, textiles, vehicle assembly, paper and

light manufacturing, tourism

Trade in 2010

Exports $5.22 billion tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleumproducts, cement, pyrethrum, soda ash, sisal, hides

and skins, fluorspar

Major markets

(2010)

Uganda 10.1%, Tanzania 9.8%, UK 8.8%, Netherlands 8.2%, US 5.8%,

Egypt 4.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.3% (2010)[68]

Imports $11.2 billion machinery and transportation equipment,petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel,

resins and plastics

Major suppliers

China 13.6%, India 13.4%, UAE 9.7%, South Africa 8.4%, Saudi Arabia

6.8%, Japan 4.7% (2010)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_landhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya#cite_note-cia.gov-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya#cite_note-cia.gov-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya#cite_note-cia.gov-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya#cite_note-cia.gov-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land


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GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

The Geography of Kenya gives one a complete idea about the location of the country and its

physical features. At 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi), Kenya is the world's forty-seventh largest

country. It lies between latitudes 5N and 5S, and longitudes 34 and 42E. Kenya is located on

the eastern part of the African continent. The country is bordered by Sudan and Ethiopia in the

north and Uganda to the west. Somalia lies to the east of the country while Indian Ocean borders

the country in the southeastern part. To the southwest of the country lies Tanzania while to the

west lies Lake Victoria and Uganda.

The Kenyan coast is a low-lying area, which is extremely fertile. It has a coral reef and is

supported by a dry coastal plain that is covered by thorny

bushes and savanna. In general one can say, that thecountry stretches from the sea level in the east to the snow

capped mountain in the north. The terrain of the country

gradually changes from the low-lying coastal plains to the

Kenyan highlands. The highest point of the country lies in

Mount Kenya, which is 5,199 meters high. Apart from this,

the other mountain ranges that one can find over here

include Mount Elgon and Mount Kilimanjaro.

The biggest feature of Kenya is the Great Rift Valley

located in the central and western part of the country. The

valley basically dissects the Kenyan highlands into east

and west. The highlands have a cool climate and are known for their fertile soil. It is one of the

major agricultural regions of the country. In general, the regions of the country are mostly arid

and of semi desert nature. One can find a large number of swamps in the Loraine Plain, situated

in the northeastern part of the country. One can find a large number of lakes and rivers in this

country, which forms a major part of the geography of Kenya. On the northern part of the

country one can find Lake Turkana. On the western part of the country one can find Lake

Victoria. Other major lakes of the country include Lake Naivasha and Lake Nakuru. There are a

large number of rivers also in Kenya. The rivers Tana and Athi flows in the southeastern part of

the country while Nzoia, Yala and Gori, flows across the country before draining into Lake
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_parallel_northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_parallel_southhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_parallel_southhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_parallel_north


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Victoria. Another major river of the county is the Ewaso Ngiro, found in the northeastern part of

the country.

Apart from these, the geography of Kenya also includes its numerous forests also. To the east

one can find a large number of rainforests. Some of the major forest areas of the country includethe Kakamega Forest and the Mau Forest.


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THE CAPITAL CITY - NAIROBI

Nairobi is the capital and largest city ofKenya. The city and its surrounding area also form

the Nairobi County. The name "Nairobi" comes from the Maasai phraseEnkare Nyirobi, which

translates to "the place of cool waters". However, it is popularly known as the "Green City in the

Sun" and is surrounded by several expanding villa suburbs. Founded in 1899 as a simple rail

depot on the railway linking Mombasa to Uganda, the town quickly grew to become the capital

ofBritish East Africa in 1907 and eventually the capital of a free Kenyan republic in 1963.

During Kenya's colonial period, the city became a centre for the colony's coffee, tea

and sisal industry. Nairobi is also the capital of the Nairobi Province and of the Nairobi District.

Nairobi is the most populous city in East Africa, with a current estimated population of about 3

million. Nairobi is currently the 12th largest city in Africa, including the population of its

suburbs.

The City of Nairobi enjoys the status of a full administrative County/Region. The Nairobi

province differs in several ways from other Kenyan regions. The county is entirely urban. It has

only one local authority, Nairobi City Council. Nairobi Province was not divided into "districts"

until 2007, when three districts were created. In 2010, along with the new constitution, Nairobi

was renamed a County.

Nairobi is now one of the most prominent cities in Africa politically and financially. Home to

thousands of Kenyan businesses and over 100 major international companies and organizations,

including the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the main coordinating and

headquarters for the UN in Africa & Middle East, the United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON),

Nairobi is an established hub for business and culture.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_City_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_City_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city


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The Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) is one of the largest in Africa and the second oldest

exchange on the continent. It is ranked 4th in terms of trading volume and capable of making 10

million trades a day. Nairobi is home to the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE), one of Africa's

largest. The NSE was officially recognized as an overseas stock exchange by the London Stock

Exchange in 1953. Nairobi is the regional headquarters of several international companies and

organizations.

In 2007, General Electric, Young & Rubicam, Google, Coca-Cola, Airtel and Cisco

Systems relocated their African headquarters to the city. The United Nations Office at

Nairobi hosts UNEP and UN-Habitat headquarters. Several foreign companies have factories

based in and around the city. These include Goodyear, General Motors, Toyota Motors,

and Coca Cola.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_%26_Rubicamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_%26_Rubicamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Stock_Exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_Stock_Exchange


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POPULATION

Kenya has a young population, with 73% of residents aged below 30 years, due to rapid

population growth from 2.9 million to 40 million over the last century. In addition, Kenya's

capital, Nairobi, is home to Kibera, one of the world's largest slums. The shanty town is believed

to house between 170,000 and 1 million locals. The UNHCR base in Dadaab in the north also

currently houses around 500,000 people.

Major cities in Kenya include:

City Population

Nairobi 3 375 000

Mombasa 966 000

Nakuru 337 200

Kisumu 273 400

Meru 273 000

Nyeri 179 500

Machakos 140 900

Eldoret 100,000

INDIANS IN KENYA

There are currently over 100,000 Indians in Kenya, most living in the major urban areas of

Nairobi and Mombasa with others living in rural areas. Most are Hindus and with some Muslims

and Sikhs, often with their own businesses and places of worship. South Asians were originally

brought over to cut sugar cane or construct the railways. Indian temples and mosques can be

found all over the country. There are more than 20 Sikh Gurdwaras.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakuruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakuruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meru,_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machakoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldorethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldorethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machakoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyerihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meru,_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakuruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi


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ETHNIC GROUPS

Kenya's rising urban population has a diverse ethnic background whose people are variedly

fluent in their mother tongues and the two official languages English and Swahili. Semi-urban

and rural populations are less multilingual with many in remote villages speaking only their

mother tongue.

Ethnic Groups Percentage

Kikuyu 22%

Luhya 14%

Luo 13%

Kalenjin 12%

Kamba 11%

Kisii 6%

Meru 6%

Other African 15%

Non-African (Asian, European and Arab) 1%

WILDLIFE

Kenya has considerable land area devoted to wildlife habitats, including the Masai Mara,

where Blue Wildebeest and other bovid participate in a large scale annual migration. Up to

Kikuyu woman in traditionalattire
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kikuyu_woman_traditional_dress.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kikuyu_woman_traditional_dress.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kikuyu_woman_traditional_dress.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife


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250,000 blue wildebeest perish each year in

the long and arduous movement to find forage

in the dry season. The "Big Five" animals of

Africa can be found in Kenya and in the

Masai Mara in particular: thelion, leopard,

buffalo, rhinoceros andelephant.

A significant population of other wild

animals, reptiles and birds can be found in

the national parks and game reserves in the

country. The annual animal migration

especially migration of the wildebeest

occurs between June and September with millions of animals taking part.

Kenya is the setting for one of the Natural Wonders of the World the

great wildebeest migration. 11.5 million of these ungulates migrate a distance of 1,800 miles

from the Serengeti in neighboring Tanzania to the Masai Mara in Kenya, in a constant clockwise

fashion, searching for food and water supplies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_Gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Kenyahttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serengetihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masai_Marahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serengetihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeesthttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_Game


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RELIGION

The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves

as Protestant and 23.5% as Roman Catholic. Sizeable minorities of other faiths do exist

(Muslim 11.2%, indigenous beliefs 1.7%). Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Coast

Province, comprising 50 percent of the total population there. Western areas of Coast Province

are mostly Christian. The upper part of Eastern Province is home to 10 percent of the country's

Muslims, where they constitute the majority religious group. In addition, there is a large Hindu

population in Kenya (around 50,000), who have played a key role in the local economy. There is

also a small group of Baha'is.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_traditional_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_traditional_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Kenya


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CLIMATE

As Kenya has a diverse geography, its climate and

weather conditions are also varied. The climate in

Kenya is greatly influenced by its location close to

the equator and its varied terrain. Kenya basically

enjoys a tropical climate. The coastal side of the

country has a hot and humid climate. Rainfall is

high in the coastal regions of the country. Most of

the rains occur between April and July. Rainfall is

more on the eastern coast of the country. The

climate is also humid in the Lake Victoria basin.

This is primarily because of the moist westerly

winds that rises form the Atlantic Ocean and the Congo Basin.

Generally speaking, the country has a dry climate. Apart from the coastal areas, the central of the

country experiences a cool and humid climate while the northern and eastern part of the country

enjoys a hot and dry climate. Because of this reason, the regions in this area are of semi-desert

and arid character.

Kenya receives a lot of sunshine all around the year. Summers are extremely hot over here andone is expected to wear light summer clothes. During the daytime the weather is hot, while the

nights are cooler and comfortable. The early hours of the morning are also cool and pleasant.

February and March are the hottest months of the country while July and August are the cooler

months. The long rainy season occurs from April to July, while the shorter one occurs from

October to December.

The temperature in the coastal town of Mombasa ranges from a maximum of 30.30 Celsius to a

minimum of 22.40 Celsius. Nairobi, the capital of the country has a temperature of 25.20 Celsiusmaximum and 13.60 Celsius minimum, while Eldoret has a maximum temperature of 23.60

Celsius and a minimum temperature of 9.50 Celsius. The period ranging from June to September

represent the migration period of the wildlife found in the country. It is one of the most

spectacular events of the country. The climate in Kenya is varied and has a profound influence

on the life and the settlement patterns of the people of the country.


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HEALTH

Despite major achievements in the health sector, Kenya still faces many challenges. Too many

women and children still die at birth or within the first year of life. More die before their 5th

birthday. Preventable diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhea and malnutrition

are the major child killers and responsible for much morbidity.

Weak policies, inadequate health workers, weak management and poor leadership in most public

health facilities are largely to blame. The total fertility rate in Kenya is estimated to be 4.49

children per woman in 2012. Life expectancy is estimated at between 47 and 55 years. There are

a large number of HIV-positive people in Kenya. Maternal mortality is high, partly because

of female genital mutilation. This practice is however on the decline as the country becomes

more modernised and the practice was also banned in the country in 2011.

EDUCATION

The country's literacy level stands at 85% of the whole population. Kenya's education system

consists of early childhood education, primary, secondary and college. At the end of primary

education, pupils sit the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), which determines

those who proceed to secondary school or vocational training. For those who proceed to

secondary level, there is a national examination at the end of Form Fourthe Kenya Certificate

of Secondary Education (KCSE), which determines those proceeding to the universities, other

professional training or employment. The Joint Admission Board (JAB) is responsible for

selecting students joining the public universities. Other than the public schools, there are many

private schools in the country, mainly in urban areas. Similarly, there are a number

of international schools catering for various overseas educational systems.In January 2003, theGovernment of Kenya announced the introduction of free primary education. As a result,

primary school enrollment increased by about 70%. Secondary and tertiary education enrollment

has not increased proportionally because payment is still required for attendance. Private

schooling also exists in Kenya. In 2007 the government issued a statement declaring that from

2008, secondary education would be heavily subsidized, with the government footing all tuition

fees.
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CULTURE

Culture in Kenya is a mix of diverse cultures and traditions. Owing to its colonial history, the

culture of the country has a strong European and Arabian influence. However, inspite of such

strong foreign influence, Kenya culture is extremely unique and has an identity of its own.

Culture of Kenya is amply reflected through its

people, their customs, traditions, society, art, dance

and music. The main culture of the country is the

Swahili Culture and the Maasai culture. TheSwahili Culture is the oldest culture of the country.

The Bantu language speakers, who settled on the

coastal part of the country, were responsible for

creating and spreading this culture. The Maasai

culture, which is the most well known culture of

the country, was spread by the Maasai, a semi-

nomadic tribe known for their clothes, jewellery

and distinct custom. Apart from this, there are a

large number of other tribes like the Kikuyu,

Kamba, Gusii, Luhya, and Luo, who have their own distinct culture, which adds to the unique

culture of the country and its people.

Culture of Kenya is a mix of both modern and traditional cultures. Where on one hand the

different tribes of the country have maintained their unique style of clothing, music and dance,

on the other hand they have also adopted the cultural patterns of modern society. Nairobi, the

capital of the country, is the seat of the country's culture.

MAASAI WOMEN


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The clothing is unique. It is extremely colorful and are heavily embroidered. The clothes are

usually red and black in color to show their love for mother Earth. The people also love to wear

heavy jewelry. Jewelry is made from colorful beads and

other articled and consists of headgears, necklaces, nose

rings, earrings, armlets, anklets and others.

Kenya has a diverse assortment of popular music forms, in

addition to multiple types offolk music based on the variety

over 40 regional languages. Infact, it is home to different

varieties of music, which include afro-fusion music, Benga

music, Kenyan hip-hop and different types of folk music and tribal music. Guitars and drums are

the popular instruments used in Kenyan music.

The country has also made valuable contributions

in the field of film and theatre. A large number of

film festivals and theatre festivals are held in this

country. Kenyan people are sports lovers.

Football, rugby, cricket and boxing are the most

popular sports played in the country. Road

running and athletics are also popular. But the

country is known chiefly for its dominance in

Middle-distance and long-distance athletics.

Kenya has consistently produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions in various

distance events, especially in 800 m, 1,500 m, 3,000 m steeplechase, 5,000 m, 10,000 m and the

marathon.

Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, five gold, five silver and four bronze,

making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. Kenya has been a dominant

force in women's volleyball within Africa, with both the clubs and the national team winning

various continental championships in the past decade. Cricket is another popular and the most

successful team sport. Kenya has competed in the Cricket World Cup since 1996.

They participated in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. Kenya was a regional power in soccer but

its dominance has been eroded by wrangles within the Kenya Football Federation. This has led to
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a suspension by FIFA which was lifted in March, 2007. In the motor rallying arena, Kenya is

home to the world famous Safari Rally, commonly acknowledged as one of the toughest rallies

in the world. Culture of Kenya is a conglomeration of diverse cultures belonging to the different

tribal groups and the people of the country.
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ENTERTAINMENT

Kenya entertainment includes several activities that can make the stay at the place memorable.

Kenya is a country that offers numerous attractions to the tourists. There are innumerable choices

to be made regarding the various sources of entertainment in Kenya. Nightlife in Kenya is alsohighly active with various nightlife entertainment facilities for the tourists.

Kenya Entertainment in not only restricted to the capital city of the country, but is also spread to

the various other regions in Kenya. There are many nightclubs, discos, bars and pubs in Nairobi

as well as in Mombasa, which provide complete entertainment to both the local people and the

tourists. The disc jockeys churn out lively and catchy music for the visitors.

The nightclubs and hotels of Kenya generally organize live music bands during evening and

night. Many people gather in these places to get a flavor of live band music. The clubs and hotels

are busier during the weekends. Many concerts are also held in Kenya, especially during the

festive season in the country. There are also tribal and traditional dances and songs that are

hosted and organized in various halls of the country.

Apart from the various nightclubs and casinos, there are also other entertainment sources in

Kenya. These include various media sources like radio, television, films and newspapers.

Numerous television channels broadcast myriad programs that cater to various types of people in

the country. Some of the popular channels are as follows:

Nation TV Kenya Television Network Stella TV Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Metro TV Family TV Citizen TV

Radio in Kenya is also an important source that provides entertainment to the people. The Kenya

Broadcasting Corporation provides various radio networks at the regional, national and local

level. KBC English Radio Service and KBC Kiswahili Radio Service are the two radio stations


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that operate under the National Radio Network in Kenya. The FM channels that are broadcasted

on Kenya radio include:

Kiss FM Kenya Capital FM Kameme FM

Newspapers are a source of entertainment as well as information in the country. The Kenyan

newspapers cover topics related to politics, sports, regional news, entertainment and many more.

Some of the renowned newspapers that are published and circulated in Kenya are as follows:

Kenya Times Standard Kenya East African Standard Kenya Daily Nation Kenya

Last but not the least is Kenya films. Films are a major source of entertainment in the country.

Many internationally renowned films have been made in Kenya. The settings of the films in the

natural African landscapes have enhanced the beauty of the films to a great deal.


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INFRASTRUCTURE

Kenya has an extensive road network of approximately 95,000 miles connecting most parts of

the country. According to the U.S. Department of State Country Commercial Guide 2000 ,

however, the current state of most roads is deplorable. Of the total 63,800 kilometers of highway,for example, only 8,868 kilometers are paved (1996 est.). In collaboration with various donors,

the Kenyan government recently launched the ambitious 'Roads 2000' project, designed to create

links between all major and minor roads, in addition to rehabilitating 20,000 kilometers of roads

in 6 urban centers. The project, which will span approximately 3 years, is expected to cost

US$245 million. The road network accounts for over 80 percent of Kenya's total passenger and

freight transport.

The state-owned Kenya Railways Corporation (KR) manages Kenya's single-track railwaysystem, which runs from Mombasa through Nairobi to the Ugandan border. As a result of heavy

operational losses, there has been a steady deterioration in the KR's services. The World Bank

and the British Overseas Development Administration are currently funding a railway

rehabilitation project to make KR commercially viable, while the government has made plans to

open up the railways to private-sector participation by limiting the KR's role to owning and

regulating lines. Accordingly, the KR would lease locomotives to private-sector operators.

Kenya's port of Mombasa, which has an annual average freight throughput of about 8.1 million

tons, is the country's main seaport and serves most East and Central African nations. The deep-

water port, boasting 21 berths, offers specialized

facilities, including cold storage, warehousing, and

container terminal.

The international and domestic air

transport infrastructure is relatively well-developed in

Kenya. There are 3 international airports; the largest is

Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, which

serves more than 30 airlines providing scheduled

services to cities around the world. In total, Kenya has

230 airports, including 21 that are paved. Wilson


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airport in Nairobi, the busiest airport in Africa, handles light aircraft and general aviation.

In 1999, the Communications Commission of Kenya was established to regulate

telecommunications and radio communications in the country. In the same year, the state-owned

Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation was split into 2 separate parastatalsTelkomKenya, a telecommunication corporation, and Postal Corporation of Kenya, a postal services

corporation. Kencell, a joint venturebetween Vivendi France and Sameer of Kenya, won the

second cellular license bid in 1999 to provide cellular services in competition with the Telkom

subsidiary, Safaricom. The government plans to sell up to 49 percent of Telkom Kenya through

the Nairobi Stock Exchange. As of 1998, there were 290,000 main telephone lines in use, or

approximately 9.9 telephone lines per 1,000 people. The United States, in comparison, boasted

640 phone lines per 1,000 people in 1996.

Kenya's electricity services are mostly provided by the state-owned Kenya Power and Lighting

Company (KPLC), though an Electricity Regulation Board was appointed in 1998 to manage the

opening up of the power sector to independent private producers. Since 82.74 percent of the

power supply comes from hydroelectricity, power outages and blackouts have become

increasingly common as a result of chronic drought. In 1999-2000, Kenya experienced its worst

drought in 40 years, a development that forced the KPLC to introduce an emergency rationing

program in July 2000 under which electricity supplies have been cut off for 12 hours a day.

Further adding to the problem, hydro equipment tends to be outdated and poorly maintained.

Consequently, the government is eager to further develop both thermal and geothermal sources

of power. Two international companies were licensed at the beginning of 1997 to respectively

produce 43 MW of power from a thermal plant in Mombasa and 45.5 MW from a diesel plant in

Nairobi. In 1998, total electricity production in Kenya equaled 4.23 billion kWh. Only 8 percent

of the Kenyan population is connected to the national grid.


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POLITICS

Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic,

whereby the President is both the head of state and head of

government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is

exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both

the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is

independent of the executive and the legislature.

Kenya has maintained remarkable stability despite changes in its political system and crises in

neighboring countries. In December 2002, Kenyans held democratic and open elections, most of

which were judged free and fair by international observers. The 2002 elections marked an

important turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution in that power was transferred peacefully

from the Kenya African Union (KANU), which had ruled the country since independence to

the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), a coalition of political parties.

Under the presidency ofMwai Kibaki, the new ruling coalition promised to focus its efforts on

generating economic growth, combating corruption, improving education, and rewriting its

constitution. A few of these promises have been met

ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS

The provinces are:

1. Central2. Coast3. Eastern4. Nairobi5. North Eastern6. Nyanza7. Rift Valley8. Western

Kenya is divided into 47 semi-autonomous

counties that will be headed by governors who will be elected in the first general election under

President Mwai Kibaki
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the new constitution in August 2012 .Under the old constitution, Kenya comprised

eight provinces each headed by a Provincial Commissioner (centrally appointed by the

president). The provinces were subdivided into districts . There were 69 districts as of 1999

census. Districts are then subdivided into 497 divisions . The divisions are then subdivided into

2,427 locations and then 6,612 sub locations. The City of Nairobi enjoys the status of a full

administrative province. The government supervises administration of districts and provinces.
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ECONOMY

Despite western donors' early disappointment with the government, the economy has seen much

expansion, seen by strong performance in tourism, higher education and telecommunications,

and acceptable post-drought results in agriculture, especially the vital tea sector. Kenya'seconomy grew by more than 7% in 2007 and its foreign debt was greatly reduced. But this

changed immediately after the disputed presidential election of December 2007, following the

chaos which engulfed the country.

East and central Africa's biggest economy has posted tremendous growth in the service sector,

boosted by rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity over the last decade, and

now contributes 62 percent ofGDP. Unfortunately, a massive 22 percent of GDP still comes

from the unreliable agricultural sector which employs 75 percent of the labor force (a consistent

characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security - an important

catalyst of economic growth) and a significant portion of the population regularly starves and is

heavily dependent on food aid. Industry and manufacturing is the smallest sector that accounts

for 16 percent of the GDP.

Kenya has traditionally been a liberal market with minimal government involvement (price

control) seen in the oil industry. However, recent legislation allows the government to determine

and gazette price-controls on essential commodities like maize flour, kerosene and cooking oil.

Privatization of state corporations like the defunct Kenya Post and Telecommunications

Company, which resulted in East Africa's most profitable companySafaricom, has led to their

revival due to massive private investment.

As of May 2010, economic prospects are positive with 45% GDP growth expected, largely

because of expansions in tourism, telecommunications, transport, construction and a recovery in

agriculture. The World Bankpredicts growth of 4% in 2010 and a potential of 4.9% growth in

2011.

In March 1996, the Presidents of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda re-established the East African

Community (EAC). The EAC's objectives include harmonizing tariffs and customs regimes, free

movement of people, and improving regional infrastructures. In March 2004, the three East

African countries signed a Customs Union Agreement.
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The more efficient and lucrative technology-knowledge-and-skill-based service; industry and

manufacturing sectors only employ 25 percent of the labor force but contributes the remaining 75

percent of the GDP.

Kenya ranks poorly on Transparency International's corruption perception index. Kenya is Eastand Central Africa's hub for financial services. The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is ranked

4th in Africa in terms of Market capitalization. The Kenya banking system is supervised by the

Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). As of late July 2004, the system consisted of 43 commercial

banks (down from 48 in 2001), several non-bank financial institutions, including mortgage

companies, four savings and loan associations, and several score foreign-exchange bureaus.
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CURRENCY, EXCHANGE RATE, AND INFLATION

The Kenyan shilling replaced the East African shilling in 1966 at par.

COINS

The first coins were issued in 1966 in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents, and 1 and 2

shillings. Twenty-five cents coins were not minted after 1969; 2 shillings coins were last minted

in 1971. In 1985, 5 shillings coins were introduced, followed by 10 shillings in 1994 and 20

shillings in 1998.

Between 1967 and 1978, the portrait of Jomo Kenyatta, the first president of Kenya, originally

appeared on the obverse of all of independent Kenya's coins. In 1980, a portrait of Daniel arap

Moi replaced Kenyatta until 2005, when the central bank introduced a new coin series that

restored the portrait of Kenyatta. The coins are 50 cents and 1 shilling in stainless steel and bi-

metallic coins of 5, 10 and 20 shillings. A bi-metallic 40 shilling coin with the portrait of

President Kibaki was issued in 2003 to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of independence

(19632003). New coins with the image of Kenyatta were issued in 2005.

BANKNOTES

In 1966, the Central Bank of Kenya issued notes in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100

shillings. 5 shillings notes were replaced by coins in 1985, with the same happening to 10 and 20

shillings in 1994 and 1998. In 1986, 200 shillings notes were introduced, followed by 500

shillings in 1988 and 1000 shillings in 1994.

As with the coins Mzee Jomo Kenyatta appeared on the banknotes issued until 1978, with Daniel

Arap Moi's portrait replacing him in 1980. In 2003, after Mwai Kibaki replaced Moi as


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president, 5, 10, and 20 shilling notes from the 1978 series with Kenyatta's picture that had been

in storage were issued, and circulated for a time. A new series of notes was then introduced on

which Kenyatta reappeared with denominations of 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 shilling. The issue

of 12 December 2003 commemorates the "40 years of Independence 1963-2003". The banknotes

are printed in Nairobi by De La Rue.

EXCHANGE RATE

The exchange rate of Kenya shilling slumped dramatically in mid-2011, from about 83 shillings

per US dollar to about 100 shillings per US dollar at late 2011. The Central Bank of Kenya

shifted its target to tighten liquidity, including increasing interest rate and money market

operations. But expected inflows due to tea export drove up the exchange rate to about 84

shillings per US dollar on 31 January 2012.

INFLATION

The inflation rate in Kenya was last reported at 18.9 percent in December of 2011.


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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)

Kenyas economic performance since independence

In 2006 Kenyas GDP was about US$17.39 billion. Per capita GDP averages somewhat more

than US$450 annually. Adjusted in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, per capita GDP in

2006 was about US$1,200. The countrys real GDP growth picked up to 2.3 percent in early

2004 and to nearly 6 percent in 2005 and 2006, compared with a sluggish 1.4 percent in 2003

and throughout President Daniel Arap Mois last term (19972002). Real GDP is expected to

continue to improve, largely because of expansions in tourism, telecommunications, transport,

and construction and a recovery in agriculture. The Kenya Central Bank forecast for 2007 is

between 5 and 6 percent GDP growth. GDP composition by sector, according to 2004 estimates,

was as follows: agriculture, 25.7 percent; manufacturing, 14.0 percent; trade, restaurants, and

hotels, 13.8 percent; transport and communications, 6.9 percent; government services, 15.6

percent; and other, 24.0 percent.


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Kenya's 2010 Economic Performance and Outlook for 2011: In 2010, Kenya has seen the

return of higher growth projected at 4.9 percent, and may now be at a tipping point for robust

growth. Five factors are creating a positive momentum: the new constitution, EAC integration,

ICT innovations, strong macroeconomic management, and recent investments in infrastructure.

Services, the driver of previous years' growth, have moderated while agriculture and industry are

rebounding after two weak years. ICT has been the main driver of Kenya's economic growth

over the last decade, growing on average by 20 percent annually, and propelling the combined

transport and communications sector into the economy's second largest (after agriculture). Since

2000, Kenya's economy grew at an average of 3.7 percent. Without ICT, growth in 2010 would

have been a lackluster 2.8 percentsimilar to the population growth rateand income per capita

would have stagnated. Over the last three decades Kenya has experienced only two short

episodes when economic growth exceeded five percent and was sustained for at least three

consecutive years: 1986-88 and 2004-2007. Economic growth in 2011-12 could range between

5.3 and 6.0 percent if no shocks occur. Public sector investments in infrastructure will help to

stimulate this growth. However, the timely implementation of the constitutional reforms would

also be necessary to help boost business confidence.

CONTRIBUTION OF KEY SECTORS TO GDP GROWTH

SECTOR 2009/10 (%) 2010/11 (%) CHANGE (%)

Agriculture -22.1 24.5 46.6

Manufacturing 4.7 7.8 3.1

Construction 15.1 2.9 -12.2

Wholesale & retail trade 14.9 14.4 -0.5

Hotel & restaurants 15.9 1.0 -14.9

Transport &communications 28.9 13.0 -15.9


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INDUSTRY IN KENYA

TOURISM

Kenya's services sector, which contributes

about 63 percent of GDP, is dominated by

tourism. Kenya has over the years become a

major tourist destination of the world. The

country with its breath taking scenery,

amazing wildlife and diverse culture has been

attracting tourists from all across the world

every year. Kenya Tourism has acquired a lot

of importance over the past few years and the

government of the country has left no stone

unturned in attracting tourists tom this exotic

country. Tourism in Kenya is mainly centered around two major geographical areas of the

country, which include the beaches on the southern coast and the numerous national parks. The

country is home to a large number of natural reserves also. One can check out the elephants,

giraffes, rhinoceros's, leopards, cheetahs, lions and a variety of birds like falcons and others in

these natural reserves. Some of the major

wildlife sanctuaries that one can pay a visitinclude the Amboseli National Reserve,

Chyulu Hills National Park, Tsavo East

National Park and others. Bedsides these, one

can pay a visit to the beaches on the coast of

the Indian Ocean. One can pay a visit to the

Shela Beach in the city of Lamu.

Travelers coming here for a holiday can take alook at breathtaking view of its scenery and

picturesque landscapes. One can take a look at

the Laikipia Plateau in east Kenya or pay a visit to the Taita Hills in the southern part of the

country. When on a vacation to Kenya, one can pay a visit to the cities of Lamu, Nairobi,

Mombassa, Kisumu, Nakuru, Eldoret and others. The cities are known for their history and one


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can pay a visit to the numerous tourist attractions found over here, which includes the Times

Tower, Railway Museum, Blue Market, Watamu National marine Park and others.

Kenya tourism has had a favorable impact on the culture and tradition of the country. It has

helped in preserving the cultural traditions, customs, music and dance of the country. The peopleof the country have also become much more aware and knowledgeable. Tourism has inculcated

environmental awareness amongst them and has also widened their outlook.

Tourism is a major industry of Kenya. Tourism has made major contributions toward the

country's GDP, over the past few years and has thus contributed towards the economic

development of the country. Large number of international travelers come to this country and

embarks on adventure safaris, which helps in generating revenue for the country. Tourism has

also helped in providing employment to a large number of people in Kenya. The hotel industry

has also flourished because of this reason. A large number of hotels are regularly coming up over

here to provide accommodation to the tourists coming here for a holiday. Tourism generates

revenue of nearly $500million per year.

Kenya tourism is a rapidly growing industry and is all set to help in making valuable

contributions towards the development of the country.


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AGRICULTURE

The agricultural sector continues to dominate Kenyas economy, although only 15 percent of

Kenyas total land area has sufficient fertility and rainfall to be farmed, and only 7 or 8 percent

can be classified as first-class land. In 2006 almost 75 percent of working Kenyans made their

living on the land, compared with 80 percent in 1980. About one-half of total agricultural output

is non-marketed subsistence production. Agriculture is the second largest contributor to

Kenyas gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector. In 2005 agriculture,

including forestry and fishing, accounted for about 24 percent of GDP, as well as for 18 percent

of wage employment and 50 percent of revenue from exports.

The principal cash crops are tea, horticultural produce, and coffee; horticultural produce and tea

are the main growth sectors and the two most valuable of all of Kenyas exports. In 20 05

horticulture accounted for 23 percent and tea for 22 percent of total export earnings. Coffee has

declined in importance with depressed world prices, accounting for just 5 percent of export

receipts in 2005.

Kenya is Africa's leading tea producer, and was fourth in the world, behind India, China, and Sri

Lanka. Black tea is Kenya's leading agricultural foreign exchange earner. Production in 1999

reached 220,000 tons. Tea exports were valued at $404.1 million in 2001, or nearly 18% of total

exports. The tea industry is divided between small farms and large estates. The small-scale

sector, with more than 260,000 farmers, is controlled by the parastatal Kenya Tea Development

Authority. The estates, consisting of 6075 private companies, operate on their own.

Coffee is Kenya's third leading foreign exchange earner, after tourism and tea. In 2001, coffee

earnings totaled $91.8 million. Production in 2001/02 amounted to 52,140 tons. Similar to the tea

sector, coffee is produced on many small farms and a few large estates. All coffee is marketed
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through the parastatal Coffee Board of Kenya. The suspension of the economic provisions of the

International Coffee Agreement in July 1989 disrupted markets temporarily, driving coffee

prices to historical lows.

Kenyan horticulture has become prominent in recent years, and is now the third leading

agricultural export, following tea and coffee. Fresh produce accounted for about 30% of

horticultural exports, and included green beans, onions, cabbages, snow peas, avocados,

mangoes, and passion fruit. Flowers exported include roses, carnations, statice, astromeria, and

lilies.

Kenya is the world's largest producer and exporter of pyrethrum, a flower that contains a

substance used in pesticides. The pyrethrum extract, known as pyrethrin, is derived from the

flower's petals.

The production of major food staples such as corn is subject to sharp weather-related

fluctuations. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aidfor example, in 2004 aid

for 1.8 million peoplebecause of one of Kenyas intermittent droughts. However, the expansion

of credit to the agricultural sector has enabled farmers to better deal with the large risk of

agriculture based on rainfall and the dramatic fluctuations of the prices of agricultural products.

Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat are grown in the fertile highlands, one of the most

successful agricultural production regions in Africa. Livestockpredominates in the semi-arid

savanna to the north and east. Coconuts, pineapples, cashew nuts, cotton, sugarcane, sisal,

and corn are grown in the lower-lying areas.

Kenya's Agriculture Performance in 2010: The agriculture sector has been rebounding in 2010

and is expected to grow by 5 percent. This is an important development after two consecutive

years of decline, when the sector contracted by a combined 6.7 percent. Favorable weather

conditions and specific policy interventions under the government's economic stimulus program

helped turn the sector around.

The performance of Kenya's main agriculture exports in 2010 was strongest for tea which

recovered rapidly from 2009 weather conditions. A combination of volume and price increases

will see the sector perform even better than in 2008, which had previously been the best year for

the sector. Although coffee is benefitting from an increase in global prices, output contracted as

coffee production was slow to recover from the prolonged drought in early 2009. Horticulture
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exports contracted for the third consecutive year. The sector continued to be affected by a muted

recovery in Europe, especially the fruits and vegetables. In addition, the volcanic ash crisis in

April 2010 disrupted access to the key source markers in Europe

FORESTRY AND FISHING

Resource degradation has reduced output from forestry.

In 2004 round wood removals came to 22,162,000

cubic meters. Fisheries are of local importance

around Lake Victoria and have potential on Lake

Turkana. Kenyas total catch reported in 2004 was

128,000 metric tons. However, output from fishing has

been declining because of ecologicaldisruption. Pollution, overfishing, and the use of

unauthorized fishing equipment have led to falling

catches and have endangered local fish species.

MINING AND MINERALS

Kenya has no significant mineral endowment. The

mining and quarrying sector makes a negligible

contribution to the economy, accounting for less

than 1 percent of gross domestic product, the

majority contributed by the soda ash operation

at Lake Magadi in south-central Kenya. Thanks

largely to rising soda ash output, Kenyas mineral

production in 2005 reached more than 1 million

tons. One of Kenyas largest foreign-investment

projects in recent years is the planned expansion of

Magadi Soda. Apart from soda ash, the chief minerals produced are limestone, gold, salt,

and fluorspar.

All minerals not extracted are government property, according to the Mining Act.
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INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING

Although Kenya is the most industrially developed

country in East Africa, manufacturing still accounts

for only 14 percent of gross domestic product (GDP).Industrial activity, concentrated around the three

largest urban centers, Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu,

is dominated by food-processing industries such as

grain milling, beer production, and sugarcane

crushing, and the fabrication of consumer goods, e.g., vehicles from kits. Kenya is Africa's

leading tea producer, and was fourth in the world, behind India, China, and Sri Lanka. Black tea

is Kenya's leading agricultural foreign exchange earner. Tea exports were valued at $404.1

million in 2001, or nearly 18% of total exports.

The tea industry is divided between small farms

and large estates. The small-scale sector, with

more than 260,000 farmers, is controlled by the

parastatal Kenya Tea Development Authority.

The estates, consisting of 6075 private

companies, operate on their own.

There is a vibrant and fast growing cement

production industry.Kenya has an oil refinery that

processes imported crude petroleum into petroleum products, mainly for the domestic market.

In addition, a substantial and expanding informal sector commonly referred to as Jua

Kali engages in small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm

implements. Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the U.S. Government's African

Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years. Since

AGOA took effect in 2000, Kenya's clothing sales to the United States increased from

US$44 million to US$270 million. Other initiatives to strengthen manufacturing have been the

new government's favorable tax measures, including the removal of duty on capital equipment

and other raw materials.
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ENERGY

The largest share of Kenya's electricity supply comes from

hydroelectric stations at dams along the upper Tana River,

as well as the Turkwel Gorge Dam in the west. Apetroleum-fired plant on the coast, geothermal

facilities at Olkaria (near Nairobi), and electricity

imported from Uganda make up the rest of the supply.

Kenya's installed capacity stood at 1,142 megawatts between 2001 and 2003. The state-

owned Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), established in 1997 under the name of

Kenya Power Company, handles the generation of

electricity, while the Kenya Power and Lighting Company

(KPLC), which is slated for privatization, handles

transmission and distribution. Shortfalls of electricity

occur periodically, when drought reduces water flow. To

become energy sufficient, Kenya aims to build a nuclear

power plant by 2017.

Hydrocarbon reserves have yet to be discovered on

Kenya's territory, despite several decades of intermittent

exploration. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum

requirements. Kenya, east Africa's largest economy, has

no strategic reserves and relies solely on oil marketers' 21-

day oil reserves required under industry regulations. Petroleum accounts for 20 to 25 percent of

the national import bill.

Although Kenya is yet to give a formal indication of where its exploration program, which now

involves half a dozen companies, is headed, in recent weeks, well-placed sources in Uganda's oil

industry have suggested that the country is on the verge on making an announcement that could

cement East Africa's position as major oil region on the continent. Optimism surrounding the

Kenyan program is informed by recent oil discoveries in Uganda that, combined with the fact

that the rocks that form the East African Rift System are about the same age, suggests a high

potential for oil in Kenya. Gas discoveries in Tanzania and significant proven oil reserves along
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the border between Uganda and DR Congo have also encouraged interest in the once largely

overlooked region. Reacting to the current speculation about prospects for an early oil find,

senior geologists at Uganda's Energy Ministry who were at the forefront of the country's search

for oil two decades ago, said they had no reason to doubt that there was oil in Kenya, with the

area around Lake Turkana and the coastal belt being singled out as the most promising prospects.

Before its exit mid this year, China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) had worked

with Africa Oil and Lion Energy Corp to drill an exploratory well in block 9 in northern Kenya.

It also had a license for block L2, an inland area in the Lamu basin.
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OIL EXPLORATION

Early in 2006 Chinese President Hu Jintao signed an oil exploration contract with Kenya, the

latest in a series of deals designed to keep Africa's natural resources flowing to China's rapidly

expanding economy.

The deal allowed for China's state-controlled offshore oil and gas company, CNOOC, to prospect

for oil in Kenya, which is just beginning to drill its first exploratory wells on the borders of

Sudan and Somalia and in coastal waters. No oil has been discovered yet, and there has been no

formal estimate of the possible reserves.

In the news recently Kenyas planned investment in oil and gas exploration may rise to a record

as the discovery of crude in neighboring Uganda piques interest in the largely untapped territory,

Petroleum Commissioner Martin Heya said.

Tullow Oil Plc (TLW), the London-based explorer with the most licenses in Africa, plans to sink

two test wells in north- western Kenya this year and early 2012, while U.S.-based Apache Corp.

(APA) may drill offshore next year, Heya said in an interview in Nairobi, the Kenyan capital.

Spending on exploration and drilling is estimated at $126 million, and other companies may

follow as more plans are approved, he said.

The level of activity is at a high and we think once Tullow starts drilling we must prepare

ourselves for even more interest, Heya said. The more wells that are drilled, the faster adiscovery will be made.

Exploration companies are increasing spending in Kenya as neighboring Uganda, with an

estimated 2.5 billion barrels of oil reserves, prepares to become a crude producer next year when

Tullow expects to start pumping from the Lake Albert Basin. Only 32 exploratory wells have

been drilled in Kenya. That compares with 480 in East Africa, 14,500 in the west of the continent

and 19,000 in north and central Africa, according to data from U.K. - based explorer Afren Plc.

(AFR) Big companies like Tullow coming into the country automatically creates more

interest, Dragan Trajkov, an oil and gas analyst at Renaissance Capital Ltd. in London, said an

e- mailed response to questions today. I wouldnt be surprised if the Kenyan government tries to

capitalize on it, as it provides credibility to potentially finding more discoveries.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu_Jintaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Offshore_Oil_Corporationhttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/TLW:LNhttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/APA:UShttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/APA:UShttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/AFR:LNhttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/AFR:LNhttp://topics.bloomberg.com/london/http://topics.bloomberg.com/london/http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/AFR:LNhttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/AFR:LNhttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/APA:UShttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/APA:UShttp://www.bloomberg.com/quote/TLW:LNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Offshore_Oil_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu_Jintao


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FINANCIAL SERVICES

Kenya is East and Central Africa's hub for financial services. The Nairobi Stock Exchange

(NSE) is ranked 4th in Africa in terms of Market capitalization.

The Kenya banking system is supervised by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). As of late July

2004, the system consisted of 43 commercial banks (down from 48 in 2001), several non-bank

financial institutions, including mortgage companies, four savings and loan associations, and

several score foreign-exchange bureaus. Two of the four largest banks, the Kenya Commercial

Bank (KCB) and the National Bank of Kenya (NBK), are partially government-owned, and the

other two are majority foreign-owned (Barclays Bank and Standard Chartered). Most of the

many smaller banks are family-owned and -operated.

LABOR

In 2006 Kenyas labor force was estimated to include about 12 million workers, almost 75

percent in agriculture. The number employed outside small-scale agriculture and pastoralism was

about 6 million. In 2004 about 15 percent of the labor force was officially classified as

unemployed. Other estimates place Kenyas unemployment much higher, even up to 40 percent.

In recent years, Kenya's labor force has shifted from the countryside to the cities, such as

Nairobi, as Kenya becomes increasingly urbanized.


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VISION 2030

In October 2006 the Kenya Government unveiled Vision 2030 with a focus on transforming

national development. It is an ambitious long term strategy that will supersede the Economic

Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation which expired in December 2007.

Vision 2030 aims to turn Kenya into an economic powerhouse by increasing income per head

fivefold to $3,000 by achieving and sustaining 10% GDP growth per annum and transforming

the country into an efficient modern democracy. Vision 2030 will be steered by the National

Economic and Social Council which is chaired by the President and brings together CEOs of top

businesses, social scientists, government officials and even international personalities like

Baroness Chalker from the U.K. and Mr. Lee the former Prime Minister of Singapore.


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FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS

Since independence, Kenya, a neutral country, has seen substantial foreign investment and

significant amounts of development aid, some from Russia, some from China and others from

the high developed countries. Between 60 and 70 percent of industry is still owned from abroad.

Kenya's development assistance has come from increasingly diverse sources in recent years with

China taking an increasingly higher prominent role than the west. The share of funding provided

by the United Kingdom has fallen significantly, while that of multilateral agencies, particularly

the World Bank and t

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