reproductive physiology of beef and cattle suporn katawatin department of animal science khon kaen...
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Reproductive Physiology of Beef and Cattle
Suporn KatawatinDepartment of Animal Science
Khon Kaen University
CONTROL GENITAL
DISEASE
PREGNANCY
DIAGNOSISIMPROVE AI TECHNIQUE
USE GOOD QUALITY SEMENBREED COWS IN STANDING
HEAT
DAYS OPEN
(85 days)
MANAGEMENT
ARTIFICIAL
INSEMINATION
FEMALE
FERTILITY
HERD HEALTH
REDUCE AGE AT 1ST CALVING
INCREASE % COWS CYCLINGTREAT PROBLEM COWS
RECORD
NUTRITION
ESTROUS DETECTION
Reproductive Physiology
Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy
Puberty : age or body weight
Sexual maturity
Estrous Cycle
Mating or Breeding
Calving
Lactation
Recycling
Female Reproductive Characteristics of Cattle and Buffalo
Parameters Cattle Buffalo
Age at puberty (mth)
-15 10(24)
-21 15(3 6 )
Estrous cycle Length (d) Estrus (h)
-21 14(29)
-18 12(30)
-21 18(22)
-2117
24)
Ovulation Type Time from onset (h)
Spontaneous -30 18(48)
Spontaneous -32 18(45)
Parameter Cattle Buffalo
Life span of CL (d) 16 16
Fertilizable life of ova (h)
(20 – 24) ??
Entry of ova into uterus (h after ovulation)
90 6(-496)
??
Gestation length (d) -2802782(93)
315 (-305
330
Female Reproductive Characteristics of Cattle and Buffalo
Parameter Cattle BuffaloAge at 1st calving (months)
30 (-24
36)
42 (-36
5 6 )Postpartum interval (days) Uterine involution First ovulation
45 (-32
50) 30 (-10
110
)
35 (-16
60) 75 (-35
180
)Calving interval (months)
13 (-12
14)
18 (-15
21)
Female Reproductive Characteristics of Cattle and Buffalo
Controlled reproduction
in cattle
Breeding cattle at younger ages
Control estrus
Pregnancy testing
Control calving
Control postpartum interval
Suppression of estrus
Embryo transfer & in vitro
fertilization
Induction of twin births
Areas of controlled reproduction in female cattle
Before heat (6-10 h)
Smells other cows
Attempts to ride other cows
Vulva moist, red slightly swollen
Stand to be ridden
Bawls frequently
Nervous & excitable
Off feed and milk
Vulva moist and red
Clear mucous discharge
Eye pupil dilated
Standing heat (18 h)
Before heat (6-10 h)
Hours from the start of estrus
Hours 0 6 9 18 24 28
Egg released
Life of egg (6-10 h)
Standing heat (18 h)
After heat (10 h)
Estrus in cow and associated featured
Techniques used in estrous
detection
Use of closed circuit television
Tail-painting & use of chalk
Chin-ball devices
Use of teaser
animalsVaginal probes
Heat-mount detectors
Progesterone tests
Cow activity changes
Approaches to estrus detection in the cow
Hormones Used for Induction of Estrus and Ovulation
Type of hormones Method Biologic Activity
Gonadotropins eCG or PMSG Single injection Mimics FSH and
stimulates follicular growth; long half-life
FSH Single/multiple injections
Stimulates follicular growth; short half-life
hCG Single injection Mimics LH and induce ovulation
Type of hormones Method Biologic Activity
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist GnRH-buselerin
Single injection
Induces release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland; recruitment and selection of new dominant follicle
Hormones Used for Induction of Estrus and Ovulation
Type of hormones
Method Biologic Activity
Progestogens
Progesterone Multiple injections
Inhibits ovulation by suppressing LH; mimics action of CL
Synthetic progestogens
Oral, subcutaneous implant, intravaginal device
Inhibits ovulation by suppressing LH; mimics action of CL
Hormones Used for Induction of Estrus and Ovulation
Hormones Used for Induction of Estrus and Ovulation
Type of hormones Method of Administration
Biologic Activity
Estrogens Estradiol conjugates
Injection, implant
Induce premature regression of CL, and enhances response to progestrogens
Prostaglandins PGF2 or synthetic analogs
Single intramuscular injection
Induces regression of CL during responsive phases
Protocols for Inducing Estrus and Ovulation in Acyclic Cattle and Buffalo
Treatment End of Treatme
nt to Estrus
Prepubertal or postpartum suckled cows
Estrogen on day 1 followed by 7 -12 days of progesterogen, eCG given on last day (optional)
Within 5 days
Postpartum milked cows
GnRH on day 14 postpartumGnRH (day 0) and PGF (day 6)
1 day
2-4 days
Techniques for Synchronizing Estrus in Cyclic Cattle
Method Treatment Regimen
End of treatment to estrus
PGF Two injections (11-12 days apart)
3-5 days: AIDE/TAI
GnRH + PGF
Inject GnRH (day 0), PGF (day 6)
2-4 days: TAI
GnRH + PGF + GnRH
Inject GnRH (day 0), PGF (day 7), GnRH (day 8 or 9)
2-4 days: TAI
Techniques for Synchronizing Estrus in Cyclic Cattle.
Method Treatment Regimen
End of treatme
nt to estrus
Progestogen + estrogen
Estrogen injection (day 1), CIDR (day 1-9X
3-5 days : AIDE/TAI
Progestogen +PGF
Progestogen (days1-7), PGF (day 6)
2-3 days: AIDE/TAI
GnRH (100ug)
PGF2
(35mg)
Ovulate follicle Start new follicle
wave
GnRH (100ug)
Breed (cows)
Regress corpora lutea
Ovulate follicle
7 days 48 h 24 h
Timing and purpose of hormones to synchronize ovulation in lactating dairy cow (Pursley et al.,
1995)
OVSync
Measure Reproductive Efficiency
Trait DefinitionFirst calving
Age (months)
Days open Days calving to conception
Calving interval (days)
Days between successive
calving Total cows
First service conception rate (%)
No. pregnant 1st service X 100No. bred 1st
service
Trait DefinitionServices per conception
No. of services in all cows
Total conceptionsPregnancy rate (%)
No. of cows pregnant X 100
Total cows in herdCalving rate (%)
No. of calves born X 100
Total cows in herdNet calf crop (%)
Total calves weaned X 100
Total cows in herd
Measure Reproductive Efficiency
Book Suggestion
Hafez, E.S.E. and B. Hafez. 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York.
Gordon, I. 1996. Controlled Reproduction in Cattle & Buffaloes. CAB International.
Bearden, H.J. and J.W. Fuquay. 1997. Applied Animal Reproduction 4th ed. Prentice Hall.
Approximate Values for Selected Reproductive Events in Female Domesticated Mammals
Species
Length of cycle (days)
Duration of estrus (hours)
Approximate time of ovulation
Normal breeding season
Cow Mean=20.5 Range 17 - 23
Mean < 10 Range 1 - 24
30 h after beginning of estrus
All year
Buffalo
Mean=21 Range 18 - 22
Mean < 15 Range 4 - 24
32 h after beginning of estrus
All year
Mare Mean=21 Range 12 - 35
Mean=120 Range 24 - 240
Near end of estrus Spring & summer
Ewe Mean=16 Range 12 - 19
Mean=30 Range 20 -48
26 h after beginning of estrus
Fall (variable with breed)
Doe Mean=20 Range 16 - 22
Mean=40 Range 24 - 72
On 2nd day of estrus Fall
Sow Mean=20 Range 16 - 22
Mean=48 Range 24 - 90
36 h after beginning of estrus
All year