reporting non-co 2 policies and measures in national communications andrew johnson new zealand...
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Reporting non-CO 2 Policies and Measures in National Communications Andrew Johnson New Zealand Climate Change Office. Outline of Presentation. NZ Context and Background Inventory What was reported in NZ’s 3NC Agricultural Emissions Policy Projections. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Reporting non-CO2
Policies and Measures in National Communications
Andrew JohnsonNew Zealand Climate Change Office
Outline of Presentation
NZ Context and Background Inventory What was reported in NZ’s 3NC Agricultural Emissions Policy Projections
Govt agencies involved in climate change policy in NZ
Central GovernmentDepartment of Prime Minister and CabinetMinistry of Agriculture and ForestryMinistry of Economic DevelopmentMinistry of Foreign Affairs and TradeMinistry of Research, Science, &TechnologyMinistry of TransportTe Puni Kokiri (Maori Development)Treasury
Crown Research InstitutesNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Institute of Geological and Nuclear SciencesLandcare Research
Forest ResearchAgResearch
Ministry for the Environment
Climate Change Office
Crown EntitiesEnergy Efficiency and Conservation Authority
Breakdown of NZ’s emissions by gas(all figures CO2e)
Emissions by gas in 2002
PFCs83.50Gg
0.1%
SF612.91Gg
0.0%
HFCs387.59Gg
0.5%
N2O13,159.68Gg
17.6%
CH427,562.86Gg
36.8%
CO2 (w ithout LUCF)
33,769.80Gg45.0%
Enteric Fermentation23,584.68Gg
64.0%
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues29.93Gg
0.1%
Prescribed Burning of Savannas
1.00Gg0.0%
Agricultural Soils12,617.71Gg
34.2%
Manure Management
623.33Gg1.7%
Agricultural emissions 2002 (all figures CO2e)
From NZ’s 3NC…The Government is committed to investing in
technologies to reduce agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions.
Technologies to reduce ruminant methane are showing promise but are far from commercial applicability.
NZ’s agricultural emissions were fairly static over the 1990s because of the removal of agricultural subsidies
Changing methodologies Since its 3NC New Zealand has changed its
methodology from Tier 1 to Tier 2 for enteric methane emissions calculations
Tier 2 is quantitatively more advanced: it uses monthly time steps for feed intake for each animal species: sheep, dairy and beef cattle and deer.
Changes in animal productivity since 1990 are now picked up by Tier 2.
NZ’s agricultural emissions gradually increased in the 1990s – although animal numbers decreased, performance increased along with emissions.
Policy for agriculture On-farm agriculture will be exempt from a charge on methane and
nitrous oxide emissions. The sector has been asked to work with the Government to invest
in research into methane and nitrous oxide mitigation technologies and practices.
An agreement has been signed between the Government and agricultural sector bodies - co-coordinated through the Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium.
New Zealand will however introduce a carbon charge on energy emissions from 2007.
Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Research Consortium Established in November 2002 Industry funds used to develop one or more GHG
mitigation solutions that can be implemented within NZ’s agricultural industries that: are practical, in terms of overall economics, product and
animal safety; will produce sustainable results that are accepted by the
international regulatory authorities and our customers; Reduce GHG production by 20% compared to BAU by
2010.
Challenges to measuring mitigation Establishing cause and effect. Are mitigation technologies additive or not? Increasing animal productivity poses a challenge to
accurately measuring the effect of mitigation policies.
Up-scaling to the national level and data collection on mitigation measures faces practical hurdles: Farmer surveys can have low response rates and are
difficult administer to a geographically distributed agricultural sector.
Using firms’ sales information can raise commercial confidentiality issues
Agricultural Emission ProjectionsDriven by three key factors
Animal numbers and the balance of speciesChanges in the performance of individual animal
speciesProjected increases in the amount of nitrogen
fertiliser usedLong term projections for agriculture are
challenging.
Animal Number ProjectionsUses models that are driven by previous
animal numbers, changes in land area available, commodity prices, exchange rates
Sheep numbers have decreased and have been replaced by dairy cattle, deer and forestry planted at an average of 20,000 ha /annum.
Animal PerformanceThere have been increases in all parameters
of animal performance. Data is obtained from national surveys of animal slaughter weights, milk production, wool weight , lambing %
Projections to 2010 derived from extrapolation of the linear relationships on the above parameters between 1990 and 2003
Nitrogen Fertiliser Use Projections
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
0 5 10 15 20
Year since 1990
N fe
rtilis
er u
sed
(tonn
es N
)Use of a linear projection to 2010 derived from data from 1990 to 2003. Various other relationships explored.
Conclusions Polices and measures for agriculture ultimately
need to be evaluated at a farm scale and for all three major GHGs collectively.
Measurement/estimation/reporting of Ag GHGs and the mitigation strategies to address them, will continue to be a challenge.
National inventory has to be developed so that it reflects the incorporation of mitigation solutions.
Countries need to work together to resolve these difficult issues.