report on population and malthusian theory
TRANSCRIPT
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Reporter: MRS. JOSEPHINE F. LORESCA
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is the study of therelationship of
people to other
living and non-
living thingsin theecosystem
is a complex and self-sustaining system ofpeople, the lower animals and organisms, the
water and the air, the food supply, chemicals,
and raw materials that are present in a particular
area.
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It is the number of
people living in an
area at a given time.
The study of population is called
DEMOGRAPHY.
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RankCountry /
Territory
PopulationDate of
estimate
% of World
population
Source
1 Chinan21,342,010,00
0
January 28,
201119.5%
Official Chinese
Population
Clock
2 India1,193,330,00
0
January 28,
201117.3%
Official Indian
Population
Clock
3United
States311,965,000
January 28,
20114.52%
Official United
States
Population
Clock
4 Indonesia 240,000,000 May 2010 3.44%2010 Indonesian
Census
5 Brazil 192,000,000August 1,
20102.77%
2010 Official
Brazilian Census
results
Source: Wikipedia
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Source: Wikipedia
Year World Asia Africa EuropeLatin
America
Northern
AmericaOceania
20006
,11
5
3,698
(60.5%)
819
(13.4%)7
27
(11
.9
%) 521
(8.5%) 319
(5.2%) 31
(0.5%)
2005 6,5123,937
(60.5%)
921
(14.1%)729 (11.2%) 557 (8.6%) 335 (5.1%) 34 (0.5%)
2010 6,9094,167
(60.3%)
1,033
(15.0%)
733
(10.6%)589 (8.5%) 352 (5.1%) 36 (0.5%)
2015 7,3024,391
(60.1%)
1,153
(15.8%)
734
(10.1%)618 (8.5%) 368 (5.0%) 38 (0.5%)
2020 7,675 4,596(59.9%)1,276
(16.6%)733 (9.6%) 646 (8.4%) 383 (5.0%) 40 (0.5%)
2025 8,0124,773
(59.6%)
1,400
(17.5%)729 (9.1%) 670 (8.4%) 398 (5.0%) 43 (0.5%)
2030 8,3094,917
(59.2%)
1,524
(18.3%)723 (8.7%) 690 (8.3%) 410 (4.9%) 45 (0.5%)
2035 8,5715,032
(58.7%)
1,647
(19.2%)716 (8.4%) 706 (8.2%) 421 (4.9%) 46 (0.5%)
2040 8,8015,125
(58.2%)
1,770
(20.1%)708 (8.0%) 718 (8.2%) 431 (4.9%) 48 (0.5%)
2045 8,9965,193
(57.7%)
1,887
(21.0%)700 (7.8%) 726 (8.1%) 440 (4.9%) 50 (0.6%)
2050 9,1505,231
(57.2%)
1,998
(21.8%)691 (7.6%) 729 (8.0%) 448 (4.9%) 51 (0.6%)
UN 2008 estimates and medium variant projections (in millions).[70]0
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1. absolute size, composition
(structure) and distribution of
population
s
2. changesin population over time
- the way population grow and
shr
ink(socio-cultural sources of those changes
and the various consequences for society
and for the environment)
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1 SIZE, COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION
Census
isa
systemat
ic
measurement of the size, composition
and distribution of a population.
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The census will give a comprehensive picture of the
social and living conditions of a group of people .
The results are essential tools for effective policy,
planning and decision making purposes.
The census will give a comprehensive picture of the
social and living conditions of a group of people .
The results are essential tools for effective policy,
planning and decision making purposes.
The greatest strength of the censusis the provision of detailed
population figures at LOCAL LEVEL.
These help to identify demand for
schools and hospitals, areas of
relatively high unemployment, the
best location for new shops, etc.
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high proportionof peopleunder 18
high proportionof peopleunder 18
INVEST HEAVILYON
SCHOOLS
INVEST HEAVILYON
SCHOOLS
high proportionof peopleover 65
high proportionof peopleover 65
USE ITS RESOURCES
TO CARE FOR THEELDERLY
USE ITS RESOURCES
TO CARE FOR THEELDERLY
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yAgeySex
marital statusincome
educationrace and ethnicityplace of residence
marital statusincome
educationrace and ethnicityplace of residence
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yAge
ySex
the number of people who willborn and diethe number of people who willmarry
the number of people availablefor employmentand many other aspects ofsocial life
INFLUENCE
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Population Pyramidis a diagram that shows theage and sex composition of
a population.
AGE
COHORT
AGE
COHORT
is a group ofpeople born in aspecified periodof time.
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Population Pyramid
China,2010
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Age DEPENDENCY RATIO is the number ofeconomically dependent people divided bythe number of economically productivepeople in a population
DEPENDENCY RATIO is the number ofeconomically dependent people divided bythe number of economically productivepeople in a population
economically
dependent people
OVER
economically
productive people
Or
EDP/ EPP
economically
dependent people
OVER
economically
productive people
Or
EDP/ EPP
Children under age 15People over the age 65Children under age 15People over the age 65
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SexSEX RATIO is the number ofmales in a
population for every 100 fe
males in th
atpopulation.
SEX RATIO is the number ofmales in a
population for every 100 fe
males in th
atpopulation.
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1. fertility
2. mortality
3. migration
2
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FERTILITYFERTILITY
It is the rate at which peopleare born.It is the number of childrenthat woman have.
It is usually
measuredby the
CRUDE BIRTH RATE.
It is usually
measuredby the
CRUDE BIRTH RATE.
It is the annual number of livebirths for every 1000 peoplein a population.
It is the annual number of livebirths for every 1000 peoplein a population.
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BIRTH RATES are high in societiesthat places high value onFAMILISM.
A consequence of group
differencesis that a
societyssocial compositionaffectsits crude birth rate.
It is the value thatencourages peopleto marryand bear
children.
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However, ECONOMIC FACTORSmaysometimes reduce the impact of familism.
Birthrates may be low ifmarried couples wish toimprove their ownstandard of living.
The increased educationaland employmentopportunities for womenthat often accompany
industrialization can alsoreduce birth rate.
(women take non-family roles)
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MORTALITY
It is the number of deaths ina population.
It is usuallymeasured
by theCRUDE DEATH RATE.
It is usuallymeasured
by theCRUDE DEATH RATE.
It is the annual number ofdeaths for every 1000 peoplein a population.
It is the annual number ofdeaths for every 1000 peoplein a population.
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Take note:The highest rates of
death are usually among
the elderly.
The rate of mortality
among the newborns can
also be high.
Mortal
ity
isal
so
affected by the sex ratio-
-- FEMALES USUALLY LIVE
LONGER THAN MALES, on the
average.
The INF
AN
TMORTALITYRATE is the
annual numberof deaths of
children in thefirst year of lifefor every 1000live births ofa
population
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LIFE EXPECTANCY is the averagenumber of years that a person of a
particular age can expect to live.
LIFE SPAN is the maximum number of
years that people might live.
Differentiating LIFE
EXPE
CTAN
CY fromLIFE
SPAN
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MIGRATIONMIGRATION
It is the movement of people from one area to another.
Migration issignificant
for several reasons
relieve population pressure in anoverpopulatedarea
spread culture from one society to
another bring groups into contact and
sometimes into conflict create problems ofadjustments for
people who are uprooted from theirhomes
IMMIGRATIONis movement into an
areawhile
EMIGRATIONis movement out ofan
area.
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MIGRATIONMIGRATION
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION- is the
movement of people from one country toanother.
INTERNAL MIGRATION is the population
movement from one area to another within thesame country.
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y Extensive use of the birth control pill
y The wish of women to have careersy The desire to travel and enjoy leisure activities without
the burdens imposed by children
y Widespread fear of nuclear war
y A disdain for the noise and disorder caused by children
William Drozdiak, 1984
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y the populations of the
world would increase in
geometric proportions the
food resources available
for them would increaseonly in arithmetic
proportions
y In other words, he
predicted that the worldspopulation wouldsoon
outgrow the foodsupply. Thomas Malthus1766- 1834
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POPULATION INCREASE
(exponential fashion)
(1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
FOOD INCREASE
(additive fashion)
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
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Malthus predicted
DISASTER.
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According to Malthus, births
might be reduced through:
postponement of marriage
sexual abstinence
birth control
abortion
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War
Disease
Infanticide
Starvation
He pessimistically concluded
could keep the population in line withthe food supply.
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that the surplus population was not an absolute
term but rather was RELATIVE to the economyability to incorporate people into production
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There were two flaws in
Malthus statement:
A.Technological advances
increase food production at
a much faster rate thanMalthus said.
B.An expanding world economy
was to able to absorb and
support a largerPOPULATION.
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No population can live beyond the
environment's carrying capacity for
very long.
CARRYING CAPACITYCARRYING CAPACITYIt refers to the number of individuals who can be
supported in a given area within natural resource
limits, and without degrading the natural social,
cultural and economic environment for present and
future generations.
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Achieving sustainability will enable
the Earth to continue supportinghuman life as we know it.
Sustainabilityis the capacity to
endure.
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"Once, it was
necessary that thepeople should multiply
and be fruitful if the
race was to survive.But now, to preserve
the race, it is
necessary that peoplehold back the power of
propagation."
-- Helen Keller
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Reporter: MRS. JOSEPHINEF. LORESCA