report on infrastructure

8/3/2019 REport on Infrastructure

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Definition of Infrastructure

While Infrastructure is recognized as a crucial input for economic development, there is no clear

definition of infrastructure according to the current usage of the term in India. For policy

formulation, setting of sectorial targets and monitoring projects, a clear understanding of what is

covered under the rubric of „infrastructure‟ is necessary.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) circular on Definition of Infrastructure:

As per the RBI, a credit facility is treated as “infrastructure lending” to a borrower company

which is engaged in developing, operating and maintaining, or developing, operating and

maintaining any infrastructure facility that is a project in any of the following sectors, or any

infrastructure facility of a similar nature;

i) a road, including toll road, a bridge or a rail system;

ii) A highway project including other activities being an integral part of the highway project;

iii) a port, airport, inland waterway or inland port;

iv) a water supply project, irrigation project, water treatment system, sanitation and sewerage

system or solid waste management system;

v) Telecommunication services whether basic or cellular, including radio paging, domestic

satellite service (i.e. a satellite owned and operated by an Indian company for providing

telecommunication service), network of trucking, broadband network and internet services;

vi) An industrial park or special economic zone;

vii) Generation or generation and distribution of power;

viii) Transmission or distribution of power by laying a network of new transmission or

distribution lines;

ix) Construction relating to projects involving agro-processing and supply of inputs to

agriculture;

x) Construction for preservation and storage of processed agro-products, perishable goods such

as fruits, vegetables and flowers including testing facilities for quality;

xi) Construction of educational institutions and hospitals;

xii) Any other infrastructure facility of similar nature.



World Bank:

The World Bank treats power, water supply, sewerage, communication, roads & bridges, ports,

airports, railways, housing, urban services, oil/gas production and mining sectors as

infrastructure.

Dr. Rakesh Mohan Committee Report (1996) and the Central Statistical Organization

(CSO):

Dr. Rakesh Mohan Committee in “The India Infrastructure Report” included Electricity, gas,

water supply, telecom, roads, industrial parks, railways, ports, airports, urban infrastructure, and

storage as infrastructure. Except industrial parks and urban infrastructure, all these sub-sectors

are treated by CSO also as infrastructure.

How Infrastructure Contribute to Development



Level of Infrastructure across world

RIS Infrastructure Index Scores and Ranks of Countries



Major World organizations which provide policy / financial support

in infrastructure development

African Development Bank Group (AFDB)

The African Development Bank is a regional multilateral development bank, engaged in

promoting economic and social development in Africa. Its mission is to help reduce poverty,

improve living conditions for Africans and mobilize resources for the continent‟s economic and

social development.

Agence Française de Development (AFD)

Agence Française de Development is a bi-lateral development finance institution established in1941 that works on behalf of the French government. Its mission is to finance development

according to France‟s Overseas Development Assistance policies.

Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group (AIDG)

The Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group (AIDG) helps individuals and communities

get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

The Asian Development Bank is an international development finance institution whose mission

is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their

people. ADB‟s main partners are governments, the private sector, nongovernment organizations,

development agencies, community-based organizations, and foundations.

Center for Global Development - "Cash on Delivery": Progress-Based Aid for Education

CGD staffs are proposing a "cash on delivery" approach to aid, under which donors would pay

for measurable progress on specific outcomes pre-agreed with recipient governments. In

education, donors could pilot “cash on delivery” aid by offering a contract t o poor countries for

http://www.afdb.org/

http://www.aidg.org/

http://www.adb.org/

http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/codaid

http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/codaid

http://www.adb.org/

http://www.aidg.org/

http://www.afdb.org/



$100 per additional child completing a quality primary education, to be used as the country

chooses. The approach is also being explored for application by governments to their own

transfers to states or districts.

Cities Alliance

Cities Alliance is a global coalition of cities and their development partners committed to scaling

up successful approaches to urban poverty reduction.

Community Development Carbon Fund (CDCF)

The Community Development Carbon Fund provides carbon finance to projects in the poorer

areas of the developing world. The CDCF supports projects that combine community

development attributes with emission reductions to create "development plus carbon" credit, and

will significantly improve the lives of the poor and their local environment.

Education for All – Fast Track Initiative (EFA-FTI)

The Education for All - Fast-track Initiative (FTI) is a global partnership between donor and

developing countries to ensure accelerated progress towards the Millennium Development Goalof universal primary education by 2015.

Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)

A global technical assistance program, which helps in building consensus and provides policy

advice on sustainable energy development to governments of developing countries and

economies in transition.

Global Environment Facility (GEF)

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a global partnership among 178 countries,

international institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector to

http://www.citiesalliance.org/

http://www.education-fast-track.org/



http://www.esmap.org/

http://www.gefweb.org/



http://www.esmap.org/



http://www.citiesalliance.org/



address global environmental issues while supporting national sustainable development

initiatives.

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery provides technical and financial

assistance to high risk low- and middle-income countries to mainstream disaster reduction in

national development strategies and plans to achieve the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs).

Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)

The Inter-American Development Bank is an international organization established to support

Latin American and Caribbean economic and social development and regional integration. It

lends mainly to governments and government agencies, including State corporations.

International Finance Corporation (IFC Advisory site)

The International Finance Corporation, a member of the World Bank, provides investments and

advisory services to build the private sector in developing countries. IFC‟s advisory work is

organized into five business lines: Business Enabling Environment, Access to Finance,

Environmental and Social Sustainability, Infrastructure and Corporate Advice.

Marie Stopes International (MSI)

Marie Stopes International (MSI) is a not-for-profit sexual and reproductive health organization

providing services in 43 countries.

Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC)

The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) is a United States Government corporation

designed to work with some of the poorest countries in the world. Established in January 2004,

http://www.gfdrr.org/


http://www.iadb.org/


http://www.ifc.org/advisory


http://www.mariestopes.org/








MCC is based on the principle that aid is most effective when it reinforces good governance,

economic freedom and investments in people.

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, a member of the World Bank Group , promotes

foreign direct investment (FDI) into developing countries to help support economic growth,

reduce poverty, and improve people's lives.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD Development issues)

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development „s work activities in

development are carried about by the Development Co-operation Directorate/DAC,

the Development Centre, the Sahel & West Africa Club/SWAC and the Centre for Co-operation

with Non-Members/CCNM.

Partnership Dialogue Facility Energy polices for development (EUEI PDF)

The Partnership Dialogue Facility Energy Policy aims to support the development of policies and

strategies for the promotion of access to energy at national and regional level. These are based ondialogue within and between partner countries, their regional organizations, EU member states

and the European Commission.

Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF)

A multidonor technical assistance facility aimed at helping developing countries improve their

infrastructure through private sector involvement.

Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG)

The Private Infrastructure Development Group consists of donors whose mission is to combat

poverty and assist developing countries boost their economic development.

http://www.miga.org/


http://www.oecd.org/development


http://www.ppiaf.org/


http://www.pidg.org/









Results-Based Financing for Health (RBF)

Results-Based Financing (RBF) for Health is a tool used for increasing the quantity and quality

of health services. It combines the use of incentives for health-related behaviors with a strong

focus on results, and can support efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

The United States Agency for International Development is the government agency providing

US economic and humanitarian assistance worldwide for more than 40 years.

Water Aid

Water Aid is an international charity that promotes clean, safe water and sanitation in Africa and

Asia. Their mission is to overcome poverty by enabling the world's poorest people to gain access

to safe water, sanitation and hygiene education.

Water and Sanitation Program (WSP)

An international partnership to help the poor gain sustained access to improved water supply andsanitation services.

The World Bank

The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries

around the world. It is made up of two unique development institutions owned by 185 member

countries — the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the

International Development Association (IDA).

World Bank Institute

The World Bank Institute (WBI) is one of the World Bank‟s main instruments for developing

individual, organizational, and institutional capacity through the exchange of knowledge among

http://www.rbfhealth.org/


http://www.usaid.gov/


http://www.wateraid.org/

http://www.wsp.org/

http://www.worldbank.org/

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/0,,pagePK:208996~theSitePK:213799,00.html

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/0,,pagePK:208996~theSitePK:213799,00.html

http://www.worldbank.org/

http://www.wsp.org/

http://www.wateraid.org/





developing countries. WBI designs and delivers learning programs that create opportunities for

development stakeholders to acquire, share, and apply global and local knowledge and

experiences.

Indicator of Infrastructure Development

Population Growth

GDP Growth

Poverty (Below National Poverty Line)

Fertility rate

Life expectancy at birth

Infant mortality (per 1000 live births)

Maternal Mortality (per 100,000 live births)

Children Underweight (below 5 years)

Primary school enrollment, net

Male Adult literacy (age 15 and older)

Female Adult literacy (age 15 and older)

Access to improved sanitation

Electricity production from coal sources (kWh)

Electricity production from hydroelectric sources (kWh)

Electric power transmission and distribution losses (kWh)

Electricity production from natural gas sources (kWh)

Electricity production from nuclear sources (kWh)



Electricity production from oil sources (kWh)

Electricity production (kWh)

Electric power consumption (kWh)

Air transport, freight (million ton-km)

Air transport, passengers carried

Road density (km of road per 100 sq. km of land area)

Road sector energy consumption (% of total energy consumption)

Roads, goods transported (million ton-km)

Roads, passengers carried (million passenger-km)

Roads, total network (km)

Railways, goods transported (million ton-km)

Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km)

Rail lines (total route-km)

Motor vehicles (per 1,000 people)

Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)

Vehicles (per km of road)

Mobile cellular subscriptions

Telephone lines

Fixed broadband Internet subscribers

Internet users

Daily newspapers (per 1,000 people)



Improved water source, rural (% of rural population with access)

Improved water source, urban (% of urban population with access)

Improved water source (% of population with access)



References

www.ibef.org/india/economy/infrastructure.aspx assessed on 16th August 2011.

infrastructure.gov.in/ assessed on 16th August 2011

infrastructure.gov.in/pdf/doi.pdf assessed on 16th August 2011

Canning, David (1998). „A Database of World Stocks of Infrastructure, 1950 -95‟, The

World Bank Economic Review 12(3): 529-47.

De, P and B. Ghosh (2004) “How Do Different Categories of Infrastructure Affect

Development: Evidence from Indian States”, Economic and Political Weekly,Vol. 38.

Government of India (2009) Economic Survey 2008-09, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi.

http://www.ibef.org/india/economy/infrastructure.aspx

http://www.ibef.org/india/economy/infrastructure.aspx

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