report on biologic® sr2™ to improve sr2 success story - t… · x the anaerobic bacteria in...

1273 North Service Road East, F2 Oakville, ON, L6H 1A7

Tel: 905-829-1749 Fax: 905-829-5859

Report on

BIOLOGIC® SR2™ Addition

to Improve

Odour Control and Plant Performance at

the Town of Stratford, PEI Wastewater Treatment Plant

Prepared by: Derk Z. Maat M.Eng., P.Eng., QP

Maat Environmental Engineering Corp. 1273 North Service Road East, Unit F2

Oakville, Ontario L6H 1A7

August, 2012

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Table of Contents

1.0 Project Background 3 2.0 Biological Treatment of Domestic Wastewater 3

2.1 Bacteria in Wastewater………………………………………………………… 3 2.2 Micronutrient Description……………………………………………………. 4

3.0 Study Purpose 6 4.0 Town of Stratford Wastewater Plant Process Description 7 5.0 Plant Operating Data 8 6.0 Plant Operating Conditions 8 7.0 Community Involvement 9 8.0 Plant Operating Review and Dosage Recommendation 9

8.1 Plant Assessment ………………………………………………………………… 9 8.2 Plant Dosage Recommendation ……………………………………………. 10 8.3 Application Protocol ……………………………………………………………. 10

8.3.1 Phase I ……………………………………………………………………… 10 8.3.2 Phase II …………………………………………………………………….. 10 8.3.3 Phase I Shock Dosage – Lagoon 2 ………………………………. 10 8.3.4 Phase I Continued Dosage …………………………………………. 11

8.4 Predicted Results ………………………………………………………………… 11 9.0 Plant Performance and Actual Monitoring Results 11 Observed by Plant Staff During Phase I 9.1 Time Period: 0-2 Weeks (Late Aug, - Mid Sept.) ……………………… 11 9.2 Time Period: 2-4 Weeks (Sept.-Oct.) ……………………………………… 12 9.3 Change in Operating Protocol ……………………………………………….. 12 9.4 Phase II Operations ……………………………………………………………… 16 9.5 Plant Performance ……………………………………………………………….. 16 9.5.1 First Two Weeks ………………………………………………………... 16

9.5.2 Winter Operating Conditions Observed by Staff …………… 16 9.5.3 Spring Conditions ………………………………………………………. 17

10.0 General Overall Plant Observations 18 10.1 Lagoon 1 ……………………………………………………………………………… 18 10.2 RBC Units …………………………………………………………………………….. 19 10.3 Lagoon 2 ……………………………………………………………………………… 19 11.0 Summary Photographs 19 12.0 Cost Benefit Analysis 24 13.0 Operational Benefits 24

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1.0 Project Background Maat Environmental Engineering Corp. carried out a demonstration study of investigating the benefit of adding a commercial biostimulant and micronutrient known as BIOLOGIC SR2™ to a full scale municipal wastewater treatment plant suffering from odour issues, sludge accumulation, and poor effluent quality.

The study was carried out in collaboration with the Town of Stratford, PEI, who provided all of the analytical data supporting the study, and the operator comments with respect to the impact of the micronutrient addition on the overall operation of the plant.

The project was carried out in collaboration with Jerry Villiard, the manager of wastewater plant operations for the Town of Stratford.

Scicorp International Corp. of Barrie, Ontario provided the BIOLOGIC® SR2™ product for the study, which was purchased by the Town of Stratford.

2.0 Biological Treatment of Domestic Wastewater 2.1 Bacteria in Wastewater

The breakdown of organic waste is accomplished by a wide variety of bacteria that are present in wastewater and are generally native to the human digestive tract. These bacteria are classified in many ways, including, but not limited to, aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative. These classifications describe the bacteria’s ability to survive and multiple in the presence or absence of oxygen. This characteristic is important in organic decomposition of wastewater as the design and operation of wastewater treatment facilities and sewage holding tanks, amoung other applications, will dictate which groups of bacteria thrive and dominate the system, based on a variety of factors including oxygen availability, macronutrient supply, and the presence of micronutrients.

Different groups of bacteria have unique growth requirements and populations within the same environment generally have independent macro and micronutrient needs. These bacterial populations function in relationship to one another, competing for some of the same growth substrate and organic material. As one group is supplied with the unique resources that it needs, other are outcompeted and do not thrive. This is a dynamic system, with populations changing and shifting based on the input of resources such as food source oxygen and macro and micronutrients.

Often, the availability of micronutrients, which include vitamins and minerals needed in trace amounts for optimal growth and reproduction, are the limiting material for growth and synthesis of new individual bacteria within a microbial population. This is especially true in wastewater systems where organic macronutrients are plentiful. For this reason,

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the input of select micronutrients can cause drastic change to the dominant bacterial populations.

An overview of metabolic patterns of major bacterial groups present in wastewater treatment systems is presented as follows:

A. In Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Systems 1

1. Hydrolyzing bacteria break down solids and generate dissolved organics generally measured as BOD x and COD xx

, 2, 4

2. Acidifying bacteria then break down the dissolved organics to acetic acid 2

3. Aerobes convert 75% of the generated acetic acid to new sludge, consuming O2 and releasing CO2

The problems encountered as hydrolyzing bacteria digest solids are important to note. The rate of reaction is generally limited in the first step, i.e. in the breakdown of solids to BOD and COD, causing overall inefficiencies in the process. The demand for O2, in the third step, is high and can be costly, especially in large wastewater treatment plants that operate aeration systems to provide the necessary oxygen. Finally, as 75% of the dissolved acetic acid generated in step 2 is converted to new sludge 3

B. Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Systems 1, 2,

in the third step, high sludge dewatering and disposal costs are incurred.

4

1. Hydrolyzing bacteria break down solids and generate dissolved organics generally measured as BOD and COD

2. Acidifying bacteria then break down dissolved organics to acetic acid 2 3. Without oxygen, anaerobic bacteria convert 10% of acetic acid to new

sludge, and the remaining acetic acid to methane and CO2. 4 Sulphur-reducing bacteria are active in anaerobic conditions and generate hydrogen sulphide gas

Anaerobic processes are typically not used for domestic wastewater treatment due to odour problems. The generation of hydrogen sulphide, a noxious gas, causes odour and has the potential to cause respiratory and neurological illness at high concentrations.

C. Facultative Wastewater Treatment Systems 1, 2, 4 1. Hydrolyzing bacteria break down solids and generate dissolved organics

generally measured as BOD and COD 2. Acidifying bacteria break down dissolved organics to acetic acid

1 Wastewater Bacteria, Geradi, 2006 2 Handbook of Waste and Wastewater Microbiology, Mara, 2003 3 Operation of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, Sixth Edition (20-7) 4 Wastewater Bacteria, Gerardi, 2006 x BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) xx COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)

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3. In the presence of low oxygen levels, facultative bacteria convert 70-80% of acetic acid to methane and CO2, with 20-30% of acetic acid converted to new sludge

2.2 Micronutrient Requirements

The micronutrient requirements for different bacterial populations can vary quite significantly, and because of this, micronutrients are an effective way to tailor the bacterial populations within a wastewater system or sewage holding tank to work efficiently and without odour. By adding certain micronutrients, the growth requirements for a certain group may be met and that group will dominate.

BIOLOGIC® SR2™ products are a trademarked blend of organically derived and plant based micronutrients, that promote the activity of bacteria by supplying the right vitamins, minerals, and amino acids in adequate amounts so that both aerobic and anaerobic facultative bacteria can metabolize waste consisting of organic solids including fats, and grease, and dissolved BOD/COD into acetic acid and then into CO2, CH4, and new sludge.

These bacterial groups stimulated with BIOLOGIC® SR2™ digest dissolved and solid organic waste most effectively without production of hydrogen sulphide, leading to quick waste breakdown and low odour generation. These bacteria are highly efficient utilisers of acetic acid when stimulated by BIOLOGIC® SR2™, reducing the amount of macronutrients available for odour-causing hydrogen sulphide producing bacteria.

BIOLOGIC® products effectively:

x Increase overall organic solids, fats, and grease breakdown by promoting the growth of hydrolyzing bacteria so that hydrolysis of waste is no longer rate-limiting

x Decrease new sludge production by allowing select anaerobic and facultative bacteria to become more active in both aerobic and anaerobic systems, leading to lower sludge volume production and therefore reducing costs associated with sludge removal, dewatering, and disposal

x Eliminate production of malodours associated with activity of sulphur reducing anaerobic activity by limiting the access of these bacteria to both macro and micronutrients

x Decrease and/or eliminate the need for aeration in certain situations

The micronutrient BIOLOGIC® SR2™ is a plant based organic micronutrient that preferentially stimulates desirable indigenous bacterial population already present in wastewater. In summary, BIOLOGIC® SR2™ stimulates:

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x The hydrolyzing bacteria that break down fats, oils, and greases, and organic solids, i.e. accumulated sludge

x The acidification bacteria that convert dissolved organics to acetic acid x The aerobic bacteria in aerobic systems x The facultative bacteria in aerobic systems x The anaerobic bacteria in facultative/ anaerobic systems and in accumulated

sludge layers

BIOLOGIC® SR2™ cannot be utilized by anaerobic sulphur reducing bacteria and the use of the product, deprives those anaerobic bacteria of other essential micronutrients from normal activity resulting in a significant reduction in H2S generation and odour production.

The use of BIOLOGIC® SR2™ product beneficially impacts wastewater plants by:

x Reducing odour x Improving breakdown of fats, oils, and greases x Improving aerobic facultative and anaerobic treatment, and increasing plant

capacity x Reducing oxygen demand by activating facultative bacteria in biomass flocs x Reducing sludge generation by reducing BOD via facultative and anaerobic

bacteria instead of by aerobic new biomass producing bacteria

Further description of the impacts and value of this micronutrient can be found in a paper entitled, “White Paper on Biologic Technology for Odour Control and Waste and Water Treatment,” dated October 19, 2011, and prepared by Derk Maat, M.Eng., P.Eng., Chief Engineer for Maat Environmental Engineering Corp. of Oakville Ontario.

3.0 Study Purpose The purpose of the demonstration full scale study using BIOLOGIC® SR2™ at the Town of Stratford Wastewater Plant was to demonstrate:

x Odour control x Improvement in effluent quality x Improvement in treatment efficiency x Reduction in sludge growth x Digestion of accumulated sludge inventory x Reduction in FOG x Reduction in oxygen demand

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4.0 Town of Stratford Wastewater Plant Process Description The wastewater plant description is summarized as follows in the following Block Process Flow Diagram.

Figure 1

The aeration system in the plant consisted of a 40Hp aeration system in Lagoon 1 and a 30Hp aeration system in Lagoon 2. Both lagoons were aerated via a tubed diffuser system.

Lagoon 1 has a volume of 13,200 m3 and Lagoon 2 has a volume of 5,500 m3.

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5.0 Plant Operating Data The plant operating data is presented as follows:

Influent

Daily Ave Flow = 3000 m3/day (809, 000 USGPD)

Ave BOD = 180 mg/l

Ave TSS = 218 mg/l

Effluent

Daily Effluent = 3000m3/day

Ave BOD = 29 mg/l

Ave TSS = 44 mg/l

Fecal Coliform = 3000 MPN

Regulatory Permit Levels

BOD = 25 mg/l

TSS = 25 mg/l

Fecal Coliform = 200 MPN

6.0 Plant Operating Condition The plant was being organically and hydraulically overloaded due to the increase in flow to the plant. The operating conditions are summarizes as follows, based on discussions with the plant manager/operator:

x Aerated Lagoon 1 o Floating sludge o DO5

o Accumulated floating FOG and sludge below 0.1 mg/l

5 DO (Dissolved Oxygen)

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o Odours o Accumulated sludge of up to 0.6m in bottom of Lagoon 1

x RBC Units

o Poor biomass evident on discs o Odour o Biomass was slimy and black in nature

x Lagoon 2

o Floating sludge on surface o Accumulated sludge layer in bottom of lagoon to depths of 0.6m o Low DO below 0.1 mg/l o Accumulated floating fats, oils, and greases, and sludge o Odour o Poor effluent quality in excess of regulatory limits

7.0 Community Impact The surround community within 200 meters of the plant consisted of:

x Residential homes x Motels x Commercial establishments

The plant manager indicated that odour complaints were being received from adjoining property owners in the area and that he was mandated to fund a solution to eliminate the odour complaints and bring the plant into regulatory compliance.

8.0 Plant Operating Review and Dosage Recommendation 8.1 Plant Assessment

Maat Environmental engineers reviewed the plant operating data and operating conditions, and assessed the plant as follows:

x Plant is organically overloaded x Accumulated sludge is exerting DO demand x Aeration system is undersized to meet the DO demand of the incoming flow and

the accumulated sludge

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8.2 Plant Dosage Recommendation

Maat Environmental engineers determined that because of the accumulated sludge inventory that a shock dose with BIOLOGIC® SR2™ would be required along with a continuous dose of BIOLOGIC® SR2™ at the influent works of the plant. Based on the accumulated sludge in the system, a shock dose of 6 mg/l to the entire contents of the lagoon volume was recommended. A continuous dose of 2 mg/l was recommended.

These recommendations resulted in a shock treatment recommendation of 144 litres of BIOLOGIC® SR2™ and a continuous feed of 5.5 litres/day of BIOLOGIC® SR2™ to the system.

8.3 Application Protocol

The plant manager due to unfamiliarity with the product, decided to implement the Treatment Protocol in 2 stages.

8.3.1 Phase 1

x Treating Lagoon 2 for a period of 4 months starting with the recommended shock dose and following with the recommended continuous treatment dose

x Maintaining aeration of Lagoon 2 as per the normal protocol x Monitoring impact and effect of product use on performance, odour, sludge

accumulation, and oxygen levels

8.3.2 Phase 2

x Shock treating Lagoon 1 followed by implementation of the continuous dose, which would also the affect the operation of the RBC units

x Maintaining aeration of Lagoon 1 as per the normal operating protocol x Monitoring effects of product use on performance, odour, and sludge

accumulation

8.3.3 Phase 1 Shock dosage – Lagoon 2

The shock dosage of 45 litres was diluted 200:1 in a tank, and spray applied over the surface of Lagoon 2 in a one time event.

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8.3.4 Phase 1 Continuous Dosage – Lagoon 2

The continuous dose of 5.5 litres per day as diluted 10:1 placed in a 210 drum and fed into an upstream manhole located upstream of Lagoon 2 but downstream from the RBCs and Lagoon 1.

8.4 Predicted Results

The use of BIOLOGIC® SR2™ would stimulate bio activity in Lagoon 2, especially in the existing sludge layer in the bottom of Lagoon 2. This will generate a short term increase in BOD and suspended solids in Lagoon 2 and in the effluent for the first two weeks. The commencement of SR2 use in Lagoon 2 will also result in:

x Increased bubbling at lagoon surface, due to offgasing of sludge x Decrease in odour since H2S production will decrease

It was also anticipated that:

x After 3-4 weeks, the system bioactivity will stabilize and effluent quality will improve with lower BOD/TSS levels becoming evident as compared to the effluent data from period before BIOLOGIC® SR2™ product use was commenced

x Dissolved oxygen levels will begin to increase at the end of the two week start up period in Lagoon 2

x The sludge inventory in Lagoon 2will start to decrease x Fecal coliforms will also start to decrease in Lagoon 2

9.0 Plant Performance and Actual Monitoring Results as Observed by Plant Staff During Phase I

9.1 Time period - 0-2 weeks (late August to mid September)

x Increase in bioactivity in Lagoon 2 as evidenced by increase bubbling and offgasing at surface was observed

x Significant decrease in odour from Lagoon 2 within one week after commencement of treatment was noted

x Digestion of existing sludge inventory commenced x BOD/TSS levels in effluent decreased for first two weeks x DO levels increased from 0.1 to 0.35 x See Figure 1, 2, and 5 for data presentation

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9.2 Time period – 2-4 weeks (September/October)

x Sludge colour in Lagoon 2 turning from black to grey/brown indicating a much more healthy biomass

x Clarity in Lagoon 2 effluent improved markedly from 0” to 18” depth in the Lagoon

x DO levels increased significantly to over 2 mg/l so blower (30Hp) for Lagoon 2 was turned off

x BOD/TSS levels in effluent was reduced to below regulatory levels (see Figures 1, 2, and 5 for data presentation)

x Fecal Coliforms levels also reduced significantly from over 3300 MPN in first six months of 2011 to average of less than 500 MPN (see Figure 3)

x Fouling of the UV system was reduced significantly

9.3 Change in Operating Protocols for Lagoon 2 (Phase 1 Period)

DO levels increased from 0.1 to over 2 mg/l so the plant manager decided to turn off the aeration (30Hp Blower) to Lagoon 2. Subsequent to blower shutdown, DO levels did not decrease and no odours were generated. This condition had not be experienced by plant personnel prior to the use of BIOLOGIC® SR2™. Prior blower shutdowns had immediately resulted in odour generation, and odour complaints.

The sludge layer in Lagoon 2 also started to digest and disappear, and clarity in the lagoon increased dramatically so that the Lagoon 2 bottom was visible at shallow depths and increasingly so at deeper depths.

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30 31

53

32

44 47 39

22 16

Regulatory Limit 25

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

Eff

lue

nt T

SS

mg

/l

Figure 1 Plant Performance - TSS

2010 data without SR2 addition

2011 data with SR2 addition

24

14 14

17

24

10 10 8

10

25

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25

30

J A S O N D

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D m

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Figure 2 Plant Performance - BOD



Regulatory Limit

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110 96

975

540

1600

790

220

28

807

269

1600 + (UV Failure)

Regulatory Limit

0

200

400

600

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1200

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J A S O N D

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nt F

ec

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rm

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Figure 3 Plant Performance - Fecal Coliform



0

5

10

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25

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Aug Nov Dec Jan

Eff

lue

nt B

OD

mg

/l

Figure 4

Regulatory limit

Lagoon 1/RBC treatment commenced

Lagoon 2 start of Treatment

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0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

Aug Dec April

La

go

on

DO

mg

/l

Figure 5 Plant Performance - Average DO Levels

Blower Shutoff in Lagoon 2 Lagoon 2

Lagoon 1

Treatment started in Lagoon 1

30Hp Blower Operating

30Hp Blower Operating in Lagoon 2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Aug Dec

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/l

Figure 6 Plant Performance - Average TSS Levels

Lagoon 2

Regulatory Limit

Lagoon 1/RBC Treatment

Start of Lagoon 2 Treatment

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9.4 Phase II Operations

As a result of the excellent results achieved in Phase I of this project, Phase II was implemented on November 14, 2011.

Phase II consisted of moving the addition point for BIOLOGIC® SR2™ to the influent of Lagoon 1. This would mean that the BIOLOGIC® SR2™ product would now impact Lagoon 1 and the RBCs as well as Lagoon 2.

The dose rate of 5.5 l/day of BIOLOGIC® SR2™ did not change. The recommended shock dose for Lagoon 1 of 60 litres, was applied by diluting the product 100:1, and spraying it over the surface of the Lagoon 1.

The location point for the daily dose of 5.5 litres (diluted 10:1) was relocated to the manhole upstream of Lagoon 1.

9.5 Plant Performance and Actual Monitoring Results as Observed by Plant Staff During Phase II

9.5.1 First Two Weeks

Within two weeks after the commencement of daily dosages, the following observations were made by plant operating staff:

x Odours from Lagoon 1 and the RBCs completely disappeared x The biomass film on the discs in the RBCs changed from black to light brown x The slime accumulated with the original film completely disappeared x The DO in Lagoon 1 increased from 0.1 to 0.35 mg/l

9.5.2 Winter Operating Conditions Observed by Staff

During the period of late November to March, bioactivity in Lagoon 1 and 2 normally reduced as a result of lower operating temperatures. However, plant staff observed that bioactivity continued at a much higher rate during the winter months as evidenced by continued surface bubbling, indicating bioactivity in both Lagoon 1 and 2. Clarity in Lagoon 1 and 2 in areas not covered by ice continued to improve.

Effluent quality did not deteriorate to levels above the regulatory limit, as was normal during this colder period of the year.

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9.5.3 Spring Conditions

Plant staff indicated they would normally run blowers both for Lagoon 1 and 2 at a higher rate and often add additional temporary blower to counteract spring turnover conditions.

x Lagoon 2 Operating mode staff followed normal preventative procedures and resumed blower operation for Lagoon 2 in February. However, after monitoring DO levels, blower was turned down to 50% of operating capacity since DO levels were higher than previous blower operation at 100% of blower capacity in previous year.

Sludge inventory in Lagoon 2 was measured and it was found that accumulated sludge inventory from previous seasons was completely digested and it was concluded that there was little or no evidence of accumulated sludge was present in Lagoon 2. Lagoon 2 had been treated with the BIOLOGIC® SR2™ product for the previous 6 months and during this time, the accumulated sludge layer varying in thickness of up to 0.5 m had been digested by the bacteria in Lagoon 2 sludge, that were activated by the BIOLOGIC® SR2™ product.

Within 2 weeks of the spring turnover period mode of operations, the blower in Lagoon 2 was again shut down with no adverse affects.

x Lagoon 1

Lagoon 1 had been treated with BIOLOGIC® SR2™ starting in late November 2011. No odours were evident at the commencement of spring turnover conditions. Evidence of enhanced bioactivity in form of more intensive bubbling was consistently observed by plant staff during the winter/ spring period

Significantly less floaty flotsam was present on the surface of Lagoon 1. The accumulated sludge layer had turned from black to brown and had significantly decreased even during the winter operating season. Lagoon clarity had also increased form 0-18” depth.

The blower in Lagoon 1 was kept in operation, and a second auxiliary blower was not needed during the spring turnover condition. DO levels were maintained at 0.35 mg/l where previously DO levels were at less than 0.1 mg/l, even with auxiliary blower in operation. A sludge turnover occurred in March, and odours generated were quickly dissipated upon a surface spray application of SR2 diluted 100:1.

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It is anticipated that next year, as a result of BIOLOGIC® SR2™ use, the spring turnover of sludge would not occur since the accumulated sludge layer would be digested during the summer period.

x RBC Condition

The RBC biofilm appeared healthy and DO levels of the effluent being discharged to Lagoon 2 improved from 3.0 to 3.5 mg/l.

x General Effluent Condition During Spring Operating Period

Plant effluent had a much lower turbidity and suspended solids level. DO levels in plant effluent were in range of 0.2 - 0.3 mg/l. No odours from plant effluent were present as observed by plant staff.

x Impact on UV System

The UV system was able to operate at a higher efficiency due to lower turbidity and SS levels. The efficiency of Fecal Coliform removal increased significantly due to the reduction in TSS levels in the effluent. Less fouling of UV tubes was observed thereby requiring less maintenance.

10.0 General Overall Plant Observations

10.1 Lagoon 1

No accumulated sludge was observed on the bottom of Lagoon 1, around the perimeter of the Lagoon 1 as was normal in previous years. Accumulated sludge located towards center of Lagoon 1 was brown in colour without odour. Sludge, when stirred, exhibited much better settling characteristics due to absence of fats, oils, and greases, and elimination of filamentous sludge. Sludge did not float to surface when disturbed. Sludge accumulation towards center of Lagoon 1 was much less than in previous years

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10.2 RBC Units

A healthy biofilm, brown in colour, developed on the discs. All odours from these RBCs were eliminated.

10.3 Lagoon 2

The accumulated sludge layer in this lagoon was almost completely digested. There was no evidence of floating sludge or FOG on surface of Lagoon 2. All odours from Lagoon 2 were eliminated. The clarity of wastewater in this lagoon has improved to depth of 1 meter.

The DO levels were in the range of 0.35 mg/l with no blower in operation. Effluent quality has significantly improved on a consistent basis.

11.0 Summary Photographs

Lagoon 1 – No Floating Sludge

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RBC Units

Lagoon 2 – No Floating Sludge

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Lagoon 2 – Improved Clarity

RBC 1 – Improved Biofilm

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RBC Odour Free Operation

Blower Room

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12.0 Cost Benefit Analysis Elimination of the 30Hp blower operation has resulted in a cost saving of $86.40/day, equal to annual savings of $31,537. The elimination of sludge dewatering disposal carried out every 5 years will save the town approximately $100,000, which is equal to the annual savings of approximately $20,000. Total savings being realized is $51,536.

BIOLOGIC® SR2™ cost per year has been calculated at $30,915.50. The net annual saving using BIOLOGIC® SR2™ is $20,620.50.

13.0 Operational Benefits Additional benefits realized include:

x Odour-free operation x Regulatory compliance x Reduction in UV maintenance x Reduction in Lagoon maintenance x Potential increase in organic and hydraulic load capacity

report on biologic® sr2™ to improve sr2 success story - t… · x the anaerobic bacteria in...

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