Information Report 10 yearsof activity in the Ukraine

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Mission - to give hope to all children by enabling them to grow up with the love of a family and thesecurity of a home, so that they can fulfill their full potential.

Mission of organization

Visionof organization

Our Vision is a world where every child feels loved.Understanding where we come from is a core part of what makes us who we are. Families provide

children with a sense of belonging and a unique identity. They are a source of emotional support andcomfort, warmth and nurturing, protection and security. Family relationships provide children with animportant sense of being valued and a vital support network.

Mark CookOBE, Founder Presidentof Hope and Homes for Children

Ukrainian team of ’Hope and Homes for Children’ haveachieved so much during the last 10 years. But the most importantis that they have given over 1000 children the most precious gift ofthe love of a family in the security of their own homes. I believethat in the next 10 years we will change lives of even more childrenand will give them a chance to fulfill their dreams.

Working in close cooperation with the national Government,with local authorities and with communities across Ukraine,Hope and Homes for Children is committed to helping toimprove the conditions of care for vulnerable children. We arein Ukraine for the long term. We are confident that our team inUkraine will play a key role in changing children's lives for thebetter, in the next 10 years and beyond.

Rick FoulshamCMG (Chief Executive)

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In 1994, Mark and Caroline Cook founded the charity Hope and Homes for Children. The organization hasbeen working with children, their families and communities in Central and Eastern Europe and Africa. HHCrepresentative offices do whatever is needed to prevent placement of orphans and children deprived ofparental care in institutions, instead placing them in family care and helping vulnerable families remainintact.

HHC work in Ukraine began in 1998 and a representative office was registered in April 2001.

Dear colleagues!

Please, accept my heartfelt greetings on the 10-year anniversaryof your work in Ukraine.

During all these years, you have been a trusted and resourcefulpartner. Projects you have implemented, starting from the creationand support of family type homes and proceeding to the develop-ment of a model of social support to families and children, are direct-ed towards fulfilling the most precious right of any child – to grow upwithin the love of a family.

You have done a great deal to be proud of. Your innovative proj-ects and programmes have helped Ukraine in its vital work of sup-porting and protecting its vulnerable children who need specialattention, warmth and care.

We are happy that during the years you were near. Your initiativesset in motion the development and adoption of a range of legal andnormative acts in child protection field. I am confident that we willcontinue to collaborate successfully to protect children at risk.

Yuriy Pavlenko, Minister forFamily, Youth and Sport inthe Ukraine

For the past ten years Hope and Homes for Children has providedinvaluable support to vulnerable Ukrainian children, especially thosewithout their own families. The passion and commitment to their workhas always impressed me. UNICEF is privileged to have been workingclosely with HHC to implement innovative projects in the field of childprotection.

Jeremy Hartley,Representative UNICEF Ukraine

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SUMMARYOR BEGINNING

February 1998 – the first meeting with a representative of the international charity„Hope and Homes for Children” Bohdan Rymarenko. May – visit of executive director,Major Mark Cook to Ukraine at the invitation of the Minister for Family and Youth affairs,Valentyna Dovzhenko. June – the Beginning...

At that time, few people believed that a foreign charity would invest money not onlyin trainings for specialists but also in the purchase and furnishing of houses for coupleswho welcomed children in their families, providing love and family warmth. How else, ifnot by example, could you convince others and prove the advantages of family careover institutions to state officials and community at large. We hardly had any big ambi-tious plans towards development of our programmes at that time.

HHC Ukraine has been developing as we gain experience, form a professional team,understand the depth of child protection issues, search for like-minded persons andpartners among authorities and representatives of other NGOs.

Having started out in 1998 with a project on creation, support and development offamily-type children’s homes, we realised that, while promoting and sharing awareness

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on family upbringing of orphans and children deprived of parental care, it was vital towork on the preservation of the biological family of a child. With this object in mind, westarted a project in 2003 on the prevention of the abandonment of newborn babies atmaternity hospitals and designed a model of mother and baby units. Another part ofour work is aimed at reforming the procedures in state institutions and creating andproviding good quality social services for children and families in the community.

Within the 10 years of our existence, we have created and supported the develop-ment of 65 family- type homes: over 750 orphans and children deprived of parentalcare gained not only homes but parents who love them - the support of loved onesand confidence in their future. We have created 2 Mother and Baby Units andthrough them have prevented 209 cases of the abandonment of newborn babies.Thanks to the work of our social workers within the community, we have prevented 118children from being separated from their biological families. To a large extent, ourefforts have been aimed at sharing positive experience and becoming part of anational programme.

Among the key factors of our success, first place definitely belongs to the personaldedication of our team, their commitment to develop and grow as professionals.

We fully share our success and outcomes with our partners, in cooperation withwhom we have been implementing all our projects. I’d care to mention the Ministry ofUkraine for Family, Youth and Sports Affairs and its regional departments, local authori-ties and UNICEF.

We plan on the basis of the prevailing conditions for children and families. Thus,looking years ahead, we dare to say that the work of HHC will be needed for a longwhile. The current programmes will be continued and new projects started with a sin-gle goal – to create a supportive environment for the development of every child.

We would like to thank everyone who supported us during the past decade, sharedtheir ideas, skills, and will to change the world - all the parents and children from ourfamilies; our partners, sponsors and the donors of our organisation in United Kingdom.

Halyna PostoliukDirector of Hope and Homes for Childrenin Ukraine

The family attends to all the children just like it has to be. The parents are always interested to knowabout each of their children in spite of the fact that they have 9 kids in the family

From the words of class-master of children who grow up in FTH,Khmelnytsk oblast

During the training I receivedanswers to many questions andbecame closer to parents-educa-tors. But the most important is that Ireally got to know them and I nowlook at them very differently.

From the words of a social worker,Kyiv oblast

The level of professionalism of the experts is impressive. Theyhelped us to see many things differently and gave useful advice,clarification, explanations. We needed exactly that kind of sup-port and information.

From the words of mother-educator of Gorielkiny FTH,which has existed over 10 years

Yura, 15 years oldPoplavsky family

Bohdan, 12 years oldBrashchenko family

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I was born on April 4, 1988 but

only began to live when I was 4 years

old when my mother took me out

of the institution

My life is like a fairy-tale. Youknow, there lived a poor urchinwho found a family

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A little girl is feeding pigeons. The birds are not afraid of her:they are picking up the crumbs near her feet.

A young woman approached the girl and the pigeonsflew away. To stop the birds, the girl called out:

– Coo-chi coo-chi, don’t be afraid – this is MY MOMMY!Mariyka, 3 years old

CREATING, SUPPORTING AND

DEVELOPING FAMILYFORMS OF UPBRINGING

Understanding that the best and mostnatural thing for a child is to grow up in afamily - that a family cannot be substitut-ed by even the best institution - welaunched a project on development offamily-type homes (FTH).

In the late ‘90s, foster care was avail-able only in the context of family-type

homes of which there were, maybe,25 in Ukraine and which had been

created still during Soviet times.Thus, a child who had became

an orphan, had little chanceto grow up in a family.

Our organisation began itswork with a search for cou-ples who were ready to wel-come orphans and childrendeprived of parental care

into their families and localauthorities who had the desire

to create FTHs. As it is said ‘Agood beginning makes a good

ending’. For us Kiev district was agood beginning. Here we created 16

FTHs and provided support another threethat already existed. Later FTHs were cre-ated in Autonomous Republic of Crimeaand the districts of Mykolaiv, Sumy, Odesa,Volyn, Rivne, Zakarpattia, Kirovohrad,Khmelnytsk, Chernivtsi, Lviv, and Poltava.

Prior to creating FTHs, we studied a familyin its usual environment; trained prospective

parent-educators; purchased furniture andequipment for families. Based on agree-ments for collaboration between HHCUkraine and the various local authorities, theobligations and power of the parties regard-ing functioning of any new FTH were estab-lished.

Having opened FTHs, we continuedcooperation with the families. Parent-edu-cators would often contact HHC Ukrainestaffs to share experience or seek adviceabout problems. At that time, we had theidea of holding meetings for parent-educa-tors so that they could share their experi-ence, listen to experts: psychologists andmedical specialists. The first trainings wereheld in 2000 and the outcomes proved itsworth. Later, during 2003–2004 and in 2007we initiated joint trainings for both parents-educators and social workers who guide thefamily-type homes. The goal of such train-ings was to deepen cooperation betweenparent-educators and social workers and toimprove their skills.

Based on the results from the trainings, anumber of requests were sent to the Ministryof Ukraine for Family, Youth and Sports Affairsleading to the nation-wide solution of manyurgent issues on how FTHs operate. In addi-tion, our specific proposals regardingimprovement of the current regulatory andlegal base were adopted.

One of the vital directions of work for

Afamily-type home is

created when a marriedcouple or single parent takeson 5 or more orphans or childrendeprived of parental care (Orderof the Cabinet of Ministers ofUkraine dated 26.04.02 № 564„About approval of the Order onfamily type home”).

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HHC Ukraine is monitoring of the familiesduring which our specialists can study theliving conditions of children and identifydifficulties which the families may have.Based on monitoring results, HHC Ukraineworkers prepare recommendations forparent-educators, provide psychologicaland legal advice and amend guidanceplans of the families in cooperation withsocial workers.

The final goal within the project frame-work was to create relevant conditions atnational level for the development of fam-ily care. HHC Ukraine helped form the Law

of Ukraine „On providing organisa-tional and legal conditions of

social protection oforphans and children

deprived of parentalcare” which wasadopted in 2005.The Law defines thepriority of familycare for orphanedchildren and cre-ates better living

conditions for them.Today, funding of FTHs

and foster families is provided from thestate budget, child allowances are higherand the social protection of parents isguaranteed, etc.

Nowadays the institution of the fosterfamily in Ukraine is constantly developing:based on statistics of the Ministry for Family,Youth and Sports Affairs, as at 1 July, 2008,there were 330 family-type homes (2202children in them) and 1930 foster families(3153 children in them). This means that, atthis point in time, more children are living by„formula of happiness”: MOTHER plus Fatherplus HOME.

Results of project activity

1998�2002

� Creation and support of 36 family-typehomes;

� With the goal of creating social aware-ness of the problem of orphans and chil-dren deprived of parental care and alert-ing state authorities towards promotion offamily care, we held a photo exhibition „In

Duringthe 10 years of our

work, HHC Ukraine creat-ed and supported 65 families

in 12 regions of Ukraine. Throughthe years, as family-type homeshave developed, the needs ofchildren and their parents havechanged on which basis the

direction of our work has alsochanged and project

tasks revised.

As a maker of documentaries (‘There lived a woman in a shoe’, ‘Veronikaand saxophone’, ‘Miracles happen’) I have been working in cooperationwith HHC Ukraine for almost five years. I’m truly fortunate to have met thesepeople who, compared to many others, don’t just talk about orphan childrenbut do something effective - provide housing, hope, joy and a future forabandoned children. I wish them well!

Film director,Olena Fetisova

There were various momentsin my creative life: both niceand not very pleasant.

Some time ago these peo-ple simply believed in me andmy future. That is why theyplayed a great role in mygrowth as musician.

Saxophone player,Veronika Kozhukharova

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Search of A Lost Past” in 20 regions ofUkraine, Autonomous Republic of Crimea,Simferopil and Kyiv, in the halls of theCabinet of Ministers of Ukraine andMuseum of Red Cross in Geneva. Over 30,000 people visited the exhibition;

� 3 trainings for parents-educators ofalready-existing FTHs - 60 participants;

� Published a newsletter, in which wedescribed the work of HHC Ukraine, gaveanswers to many questions from parent-educators, provided advice from variousexperts and interesting information for chil-dren.

2003�2008

� Creation and support of 29 family typehomes;

� Health improvement of 370 children,consultations for parent-educators by vari-ous specialists during celebration of the5th anniversary of HHC work in Ukraine;

� Training for prospective parent-educa-tors - 30 persons;

� Exchange of experience and 11regional skills improvement trainings forparent-educators of existing FTHs andsocial workers who guide them - 247 per-sons.

The organization ‘Hope and Homesfor Children’ has virtually achieved theimpossible in the space of 10 years:break down stereotypes, make animpact on public opinion, direct thework of many state structures toachieve the most humane mission – toachieve the rights of children deprivedof parental care to grow up with thelove and care of parents.

Not every adult is able to give his heartto an unfamiliar child, especially onewho has known nothing about kindness,friendship, honesty, gratitude or under-standing from birth. Hope and Homes forChildren was able not only find Parentswith a capital ‘P’, but to help create realfamilies and thus demonstrate the effica-cy of the role of parent-educator. Due totheir wisdom, experience, authority andown examples, this has set a fire and leads the way for others, affirming that a family is the most effective, God-given cell for child upbringing.

I believe that the biggest achievements and scientific findings are still ahead.

Professor PhD in Psychology,Institute of Psychology by Kostiuk,

Tamara Hovorun

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Opening of KudeliaFTH.

Parents-educatorsreceiving consulta-

tion by GalynaPiliagina (PhD in

Medical Science,Head of Department

on AggressionScience, Deputy

Director of scientificand research insti-tute on social andcourt psychiatry of

the Ministry of HealthProtection of

Ukraine).

Joint training for par-ents-educators and

social workers wholead the family type

homes.

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During monitoringpsychologists organ-ized a game for chil-

dren of theKravchenko family.

Psychologist has a conversation with class-master andteacher of chemistry of Poplavsky FTH children.

Psychologistworking with a

child.Roman from

the Nenia fami-ly is doing

Luscher colourtests (individualconversation of

psychologistwith the child).

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I remember when

Mum was mine only, and she loved me

more than anybody else. Then some chil-

dren that I’ve never seen before arrive:

they sit on her lap and kiss her. My mother

hugs them, kisses and cries for some rea-

son.

Two days later, my new sister cuts one

of my braids without hurting my head -

thank God. She does it because she has

no hair I have two beautiful braids and

two huge bows. I don’t just cry, I scream

like a fire alarm. Lena cries; she is scared

because she expects to be punished. My

mum cries quietly and dad doesn’t know

who to console first. He hugs us all

together and tries to comfort all of us at

once. Two hours later the wonderful bows

sit occupy two almost bald heads, falling

behind the ears all the time. We don’t

cry. Only Mum looks at us, sobbing.

In the evening I cried again. Misha

broke my toy furniture and took apart my

mechanical toys. Together with Lena, I try

to make a table using a small dumb-bell

in order to feed our dolls. We listen with

great delight to the howling of Misha

who is being beaten up by Yehor and

Zakhar because he had wanted to see

how the toy railroad is made. It was given

to us by Did Moroz and was the only toy

that was left intact. When Mum and Dad

brought yet more children, it didn’t mat-

ter because everything that could be

damaged was already broken or dis-

mantled.

We moved to a new house where we

found many new things to do. We got a

puppy, a kitten, rabbits and a piglet. We

would always get into trouble with that

piglet. Misha found out that we could

ride on its back, and that was what we

all did together. The most important thing

was to close him in his pen before Mum

got back home from the shop. For a long

time, Mum and Dad couldn’t understand

why the piglet didn’t get fat. Then one

day Dad came home earlier than

expected...

Also there was a pond. It was big,

deep and close to the house. We used to

catch tadpoles there. There also we sank

a pair of Katya’s new sandals which were

bought with a special coupon for her first

day of school. Although Mum and Dad

dug small channels all evening long to

drain the puddle, the shoes were never

found.

It seems great to have a big family.

Only now that I’ve grown up and Mum

and Dad took the last children I under-

stand that my parents have accom-

plished a heroic feat. They dedicated all

their lives to children - not only their own,

which is natural, but somebody else’s:

abandoned children. When 3-year old

Nadya crawls to Mum’s bed in the morn-

ing and shouts “Mummy!”, I just smile,

remembering myself. I am happy for her

because she has a mother, my mother.

I’m not jealous anymore. Well, almost not

jealous.

This is how our big family lives.

Dasha, 14 years

HOW does itfeel to share yourmother withsomebody else?

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The social project ‘In Search of a Lost Past’ was started in May 2001 incooperation with professional photographer, Oleksandr Gliadielov.The photo exhibition contained 58 images which highlighted the lifeof street children, children in institutions and those in family-typehomes. Over 30, 000 people visited the exhibition.

Sincere thanks for your photo exhibition. Having seen the images, youcan conceive the life of miserable children but most importantly youask yourself: “What did you do to improve the life of such children?” Iam sure that everyone leaves the hall with the same question inmind. Thank you once again

ГHead of Vinnytsia oblast associationof creative youth ‘Looking into the future’’

I would like to thank all the families who took in these children andhelped them not only to survive but also to achieve something in life. Whoknows, perhaps these are the children who will put Ukraine on its feet...

Svitlana, student

With the goal of promot-ing the experience of rais-ing orphans and childrendeprived of parental carein a family environment,the ‘Interfilm’ studio, incooperation with HHCUkraine, shot three films.One about a child whogrew up in a family-typehome and managed torealize her dream at 23when she became a starof classic saxophone andtwo others about family-type homes created byHHC in Kyiv and Volynoblasts

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“But what canwe do?” asked many

others, having seen imagesof unhappy childhood in reali-

ty or in my pictures. “Well, youcould at least do this!” I respondshowing photos of family-typehomes. Indeed, do you haveanother answer?Фотограф,

Photographer,Sasha Gliadielov

HHC Ukraine has been regularly publishing a newsletter wherewe tell about our work, answer on questions of parents-educa-tors, provide consultations of specialists, half of each issue is ded-icated to children’s auditorium – it consists of contests, riddles,funny stories, etc.

Every year children of FTHs, created by HHC Ukraine, participate incontest for the best theme picture. Participants who win the firstprizes, receive presents and their works are used for calendars, newyear post cards, other printed materials.

“5 years together” was the name of the holiday organised by HHC Ukraine in 2003 for children from FTHscreated by the organisation. The children stayed at the Black Sea for two weeks and had an opportunity toparticipate in game – building fairy city of Hope. The event was dedicated to the 5th anniversary of ourwork in Ukraine.

Thank you very much that you send such great newslettersto us, with contests and I would like to ask you to write to usmore often and we will respond to your letters.

Veronika,Kominy FTH

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Michael Partridge,one of our guests

My husband and I divorced when I was alreadypregnant. I had no place of my own and wasforced to look for a place to rent. It was impossi-ble to do back then and I had spent a fewnights on the street.After the maternity ward I entered the Motherand Baby Unit. I wanted to abandon my baby.In the Unit I found support provided by both spe-cialists and women who were in a similar situa-tion. I was able to receive advice when I need-ed it about what to do and where to go to.Now I am married again. I love my husband andmy child. Now I understand that the most impor-tant event in my life was my son’s birth. The mainthing is that he will be happy and healthy

Svitlana, 28 years old

Thank you very much for explaining the actual issues, for cre-ated the requisite conditions and professionalism. I hope wemeet again at the same kind of effective trainings and lookforward to future cooperation.

Tsyptsiuk Oksana,Participant of regional training on

prevention of newborn babies abandonment

I always wanted to have … parents. I grew up in institution. Once I went to the birthday party of my friend andmet a boy. We lived together for 2 years and I had a son. When I got pregnant again, my husband kicked me outas he doubted that this was his baby. For a while, I lived with a woman from my village. Then my baby was bornprematurely in the woman’s house. I would never abandon my baby because I did not want to copy my mother,who left me in Baby Home. Direct from Maternity Hospital I was brought to the Mother and Baby Unit. The babywas too weak at that time.

In the Unit everyone treated me very well. We had a place to live. I learnt to sew and I enjoy it. Later, I washelped to purchase a house in a neighbouring village. Soon, I made it up with my husband and we began to livetogether again.

Nina, 23 years old

In a world where it is all too easy to turn a blind eye,

I was inspired, by meeting young mothers who have

battled through tremendous hardships but with the

right support they and their children have come

through it with pride and a love for each other

that is obvious to all

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The most important event in my life is my son’s birth.Svitlana, from Mother and Baby Unit

PREVENTIONOF NEWBORN BABIES

ABANDONMENT

Pregnancy, labour, taking care of ababy – for most women these are themost remarkable events in life.Nevertheless, there are women who feelpain, disappointment, doubt and frustra-tion after childbirth. Usually these arewomen who come from a socially andpsychologically unprotected environment.

ПDuring 2002, 2500 babies wereorphaned because their mothers aban-doned them in Maternity Hospitals. Suchchildren are usually placed in institutionswhere they are brought up with little or nochance of returning to their families. This iswhy HHC Ukraine decided to study themain reasons for abandonment of babiesin the city of Kherson. While there weremany factors at play, most cases involvedunemployment and/or financial difficulty,domestic conflicts, ostracism from the com-munity and absence of social support.Regrettably, at that time, there were nopractical measures in place to provideurgent and qualified help to such women.

In 2003-2004, HHC Ukraine, in coopera-tion with UNICEF, implemented a project onprevention of the abandonment of new-born babies in the city of Kherson. We start-ed by using social workers and psycholo-gists operating in Maternity Hospitals wherethey provided help to expectant motherswho had expressed a desire to leave theirbabies in children’s departments of hospi-tals or Baby Homes.

In October 2003, having developed newtechniques for working with vulnerablewomen, we created the first Mother andBaby Unit in Ukraine (in Kherson). Aside frompreventing the separation of babies fromtheir biological, the most important task

was to prevent the abandonment ofbabies in Maternity Hospitals. Social work-ers, a nurse, a psychologist and other spe-cialists at the Mother and Baby Unit providesocial and psychological support to youngwomen whose circumstances prevent theirreturn to their families with their babies.They, therefore, need long-term and com-plex support. The staff at the Mother andBaby Units help women to learn how totake care of the babies and fend for them-selves so as to make independent deci-sions despite their circumstances. Thisincludes completing education, gaining aprofession, repairing contacts with relativesand the father of the baby, understandingtheir personal rights and those of the babyand resolving issues regarding housing, etc.As is known, 70 % women who enter Motherand Baby Units are not ready to lead inde-pendent life having been brought up ininstitutions themselves.

In April 2006, HHC Ukraine createdregional Mother and Baby Unit working incooperation with Kiev regional authority.

Since the creation of both Units, 96 % ofwomen cared for have chosen to keep theirbabies.

The work of specialists in the MaternityHospitals in Kherson, implemented withinproject framework, was adopted by theUkrainian Health Ministry and the Ministryfor Family, Youth and Sports Affairs. In orderto help women in difficulty, consultationsare provided at special desks in the cen-tres of social services for family, childrenand youth or based at Maternity Hospitalsand Medical departments. The maintypes of consultation are:

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- Prevention of the abandonment ofnewborn babies

- Provision of psychological and socialsupport to women

- Encouraging responsible parenting.In addition, the model of the the

Mother and Baby Unit has been intro-duced to Sumy, Drohobych (Lviv district),Khmelnytsk and Sevastopol.

Based on their experience of work inMother and Baby Units, specialists fromHHC Ukraine and external experts haveconsolidated their work with womenwho intend to abandon newbornbabies. We also developed an educa-tional package for regional trainers andduring 2008 we tutored regional trainerswho will later train specialists for theconsultation desks and staff for theUnits. The work is done in cooperationwith the social services for family, chil-

dren and youth and is supported byUNICEF. Based on HHC Ukraine projectexperience, we published a manual forsocial pedagogues, psychologists andother professionals concerned with pre-vention of child separation.

Results of project activity2002�2004� We created 3 experimental reintegration

areas for parents and children. They arebased at maternity Wards, Baby Homes, chil-dren’s department at the hospital wherenew techniques are tested and implement-ed;

� We prevented 42 cases of abandon-ment;

� We created the first Mother and BabyUnit in Ukraine;

� We published manual on creation ofreintegration areas “Will our fates

Womenwith babies live in

comfortable rooms wherethey have essentials like a bed

for a mother, and a separatebaby cot, a table, wardrobe, etc.In addition, there are guest-roomsin MBUs where women may meetvisitors or spend their free time.

There is also a sewing andcomputer room.

meet…Reintegration of parents and chil-dren: first steps to awareness of the prob-lem”;

� We made a documentary film, “Way toa Family”, that was widely broadcast on TV;

� We did 18 trainings for specialists on pre-vention of early orphanhood and develop-ment of family care – 146 persons.

2005�2006� We prevented 92 cases of abandon-

ment;

� We undertook 3 trainings for health pro-tection workers in Kiev region;

� We created the Mother and Baby Unit inFastiv;

� We did 8 trainings for women in 5 Motherand Baby Units – 130 persons;

� We provided practical help at Motherand Baby Unit – 11 women with babies (4women left the Unit and two of themreceived housing where they now live withthe babies).

2007�2008� We prevented 48 cases of abandon-

ment (both Kherson and Fastiv));

� We did 15 trainings for women at theMother and Baby Units in Fastiv, Chernigiv,Sumy, Drogobych, Kherson on responsibleparenting, reproductive health, family plan-ning and early childhood development –124 persons;

� We ran computer classes – 32 womenfrom the Mother and Baby Unit;

� We held 2 seminars for 20 regional train-ers;

� We did 5 trainings for 100 specialists ofMBUs and centres of social services for fami-ly, children and youth who work at consulta-tion desks;

� We gathered data and published amanual “Prevention of institutionalisation ofchildren at early age”.

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Training for specialists of Mother and BabyUnits (social pedagogues

and psychologists).

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Actual aspects of childprotection, reasons oforigin and prolongationof orphanhood in earlyage are highlighted inthis manual.

HHC Ukraine in cooperation with UNICEF pub-lished a manual “Prevention of institutionalisa-tion of children at early age”.

Training for specialists of consultation desks of centres forsocial services for family, children and youth and region-al trainers on prevention of abandonment of children at

early age.

An agreement oncooperation was

signed by HHCUkraine and UNICEFwith the goal of put-

ting into practicethe project

“Implementation oftraining system for

specialists of Motherand baby Units andconsultation desks”.

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I will always have great memories of my time in Kiev - I saw things whichmade my heart bleed, and could so easily have made me feel com-plete despair, but I know that you are all doing everything you can tohelp those children, and I am full of hope for their futures, thanks to all ofyou. In my view, you are all angels.

Wendy May,Head of Communications, UK

Zurich Financial ServicesI dream that some day we willhave new furniture at home. Itwill be cosy and we will haveenough chairs for the guestswhile serving tea or coffee.When I am walking along thestreet with my three daughtersI will hold my head high. Iwant my children to be proudof me.

Olena,mother of three children

Time and again I have to work for wealthy families. A few hours later whenthey’re gone, I really feel wretched and depressed. It is difficult to keep myfaith in humanity after conversations with such people. And talking aboutso-called, ‘crisis families’, I feel slap-happy… Their life seems to be difficultbut in spite of all their problems they continue to be optimistic and maintaintheir sense of humour.

Aliona, photographer

Mykola, care-leaver,participant in the training for

young adults

Until this training I have never

talked with anyone so much.

Nobody would ask my opinion and

nobody wanted to listen to me

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Neither ‘kindergartens’ nor ‘children’s homes’ nor ‘shelters’ nor any other substi-tutes for a family can give children what they need most. The essence of growing

up is the mutual feeling of personal necessity which connects parents with a childand a child with parents by the only true bond – the magic bond of blood love. Ina family and only in a family may a child feel that he is unique and irreplaceable...

Illin, philosopher (1883-1954)

DEINSTITUTIONALISATIONPROJECT

Research done in Ukraine reinforced byinternational experience, proves that living inan institution has a negative impact on thedevelopment of children as the most impor-tant thing which children need – parentallove – is absent.. On the basis of evidencepublished by the Ministry of Ukraine forFamily, Youth and Sports Affairs, almost 20 %of care-leavers are not able to find jobs orcontinue their education and gain a spe-cialty; 41 % have no chance of finding suit-able accommodation while almost 20 %become criminals. There is a consistent pat-tern: the earlier the point of separation andlonger a child stays without parental care,the more difficult it is for him to socialise.

During 2004-2006, supported by UNICEF,HHC Ukraine ran a series of trainings in thedistricts of Kiev, Khmelnytsk and, Kherson..The projects were directed towards improv-ing the state system of child protection, pre-vention of child separation and develop-ment of family-type care in Ukraine. For thefirst time in Ukraine, we provided a compre-hensive, expert assessment of the physical,emotional and psychological profile of insti-tutionalized children together with theirsocial skills (214 children in institutions in thevarious districts). The specialists involved (psy-chologists, social workers, doctors) preparedwritten assessments and designed plans ofindividual work for every child. A wide-rang-ing assessment of the needs of children ininstitutions was published in a manual as rec-ommendations for the relevant profession-

als.In 2007 HHC Ukraine launched a new proj-

ect: Reforming the ‘Barvinok’ Children’sHome and creation of a Centre of SocialSupport for Children and Families’. The goalwas to pilot a complex model for reformingof the state care system through creation offamily-oriented services for children andfamilies in the community. The project isscheduled to last two years and is being car-ried out in Makariv rayon (Kiev district) incooperation with the district administration,Makariv rayon administration and Makarivrayon council.

We focus on the following:- Work with children in Makariv

‘Barvinok’ institution, directed towardsreintegration of children in their biologicalfamilies (where possible), placement ofchildren in family care. An important com-ponent of the work is the preparation ofcare-leavers for adult life. As a result of thework done during 2005-2007, the numberof children in ‘Barvinok’ was reduced intwo phases: it decreased from 60 (begin-ning of 2005) to 27 (beginning of 2008). 13children renewed their relations with rela-tives and now spend their holidays and

weekends with family members.- Support provided to the families where

there is a risk of child separation. The proj-ect is focused on family preservation.Social workers design and carry out plansof work together with the families wherethere is risk of child separation. The goal is

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to improve e family circumstances. Weprovide support to help families overcomethe difficulties of their own volition, helpthem take care of their children and workon conflict resolution. For the first time inthe rayon, we have launched social guid-ance for families where children were sep-arated already and placed in institutionsand with families in which there is a possi-bility to reintegrate the children.

Our experience proves that if a familyreceives well-timed professional help

(using new methods, namely: family groupconferences, short-term therapy, etc),then there is a big chance of holding thefamily together.

The specialists involved in implementingthe project received relevant professionaltraining in higher education institutes andparticipated in 40 trainings, seminars andevents during which experience wasexchanged on the themes of social workwith children and families and institutionalreform. Our work is based on best practicein institutional reform and work with vulner-able families and children countries suchas Estonia, Poland, Russia, Romania andSweden.

During 2009, we will create a centre ofsocial support for children and families ‘ARay of Hope’ in Makariv rayon. This is inno-vative approach to the reforming of statecare. For the first time in Ukraine, it isplanned to close down an institution anddevelop a system of alternative servicesfor vulnerable families and children. Thisshould be done taking into account localcircumstances and the best interests ofevery child.

To allow this to happen, an agreementon cooperation was signed by the Ministryof Ukraine for Family, Youth and SportsAffairs, Kiev district and HHC Ukraine inMay, 2008. In addition, HHC Ukraine signedan agreement with Makariv rayon on theclosure of ‘Barvinok’ institution, develop-ment of new social services for childrenand families and financing of the centre ‘ARay of Hope’.

Results of project activity2004�2006

� 3 trainings for media representativesand prospective foster parents on familycare – 57 participants;

� 1 training for children of ‘Barvinok’ insti-tution (Makariv) on development of lifeskills – 25 children;

� 12 informative seminar-trainings forrepresentatives of rayon state administra-tions, specialists of social field and person-nel of institutions (work with social environ-ment of children, child’s needs assess-ment, etc) – 183 persons;

� Prevention of child separation – 24cases;

� Reintegration in biological families – 15children;

� Placement in family care – 38 children;

� Undertook comprehensive, expertassessment of physical, emotional andpsychological state / social skills of 215children from institutions.

I admire your organisation, its work and the important fruit of its labours! It is fantastic to help children tofind parents, a home and family, and to help parents to improve life in this home, in this big family! I wishyou strength! Inspiration! Dreams and their fulfillment!

PhD in Medical Science, Head of Department on Aggression Science,Deputy Director of scientific and research institute

on social and court psychiatryof the Ministry of Health Protection

of Ukraine,Galyna Piliagina

There’s a great deal you could say about the results and impor-tance of the work of HHC Ukraine specialists in our rayon. To mymind, they succeeded in doing the most important thing –change approaches to child protection in each communitywhich have now learned to understand and accept eachchild as a unique personality who needs individual approachto meet his rights and interests.

Head of Makariv rayon state administration,Volodymyr Horbyk

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I met Natalka when she was in the maternity ward of Makariv rayon. She decided to abandon her new-born baby as she did not have any housing and couldn’t take her daughter with her when she left the hos-pital.

Natalia herself grew up in institution. For 10 years she went from place to place throughout Ukraine, tryingto make enough money to survive. She had neither relatives, nor education. To make matters worse shelacked the necessary documents (no passport, ID code or work record book). For six months she lived in ahospital, earning money by selling herself and was addicted to alcohol. Now she has all her documentsregistered, she does not drink any more, works at a decent place where she is respected and praised. Shereceives a good salary. She currently rents an apartment but she is registered on the list to receive her ownapartment soon. Her child attends kindergarten. Now Natalia is trying to reunite with her older daughterwhom she has not seen in four years.

HHC Ukraine social worker,Olha Moroz

Випускниця дитячого будинку зателефонувала близько опівночі

соціальному працівникові Організації, Інні Онищенко:

- I am calling to ask why, after I’ve told you so many

things you have never yelled at me?

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2007�2008

� 9 trainings for social workers, heads andsecretaries of village councils, pedagogicaland medical workers, personnel of‘Barvinok’ institution; on work with families,involvement of community to support fami-lies at risk, development of family care – 250participants;

� 2 trainings for parents of the vulnerablefamilies– 15 participants;

� 2 trainings on life skills and preparationfor independent adult living – 13 care-leavers fromf ‘Barvinok’ institution;

� Entered colleges and vocational andtraining schools according their abilities anddesires – 14 care graduates;

� Prevention of child separation – 94cases;

� Reintegration in biological families – 33children;

� Placement in family care – 23 children;

� Recipients of of support in kind – 534persons;

� Preparation and publishing of manual‘Social work with families who are in difficultlife circumstances’ (based on experience).

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Complex assessmentof children’s needs inKherson Baby Home:

for children withdamage to the cen-

tral nervous system.

Open discussion onimplementation ofcomplex model of

social services for chil-dren and families tak-

ing into accountcommunity needs of

Makariv rayon.

I thank God forenabling me to love such

children.. I am neither psychol-ogist nor educator or mother – I

am only a student. I cannot providematerially for them but I do not want to

be indifferent, because charity startswith me. All I can give to the children – ismy attention, desire to be their friend,helper.

Volunteer, student of Kyiv SlavicUniversity,

Yevheniya Mazurenko,

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Round Table‘Development of a

system of socialservices for children

and families inMakariv rayon’.

In January 2008 afew volunteers – 2ndyear student of Kiev

Slavic UniversityYevheniya, Mykhailo

and Roman – startedto come to

‘Barvinok’ institution.The children look for-

ward to weekendswhen Zhenia comes

to paint the girls'nails, do their hair, or

just act as an olderand wiser friend.

Misha and Roma willdefinitely come toplay football andother games with

the boys.

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A Miracle to be aFamily againI don’t know what you think about this

but I am confident that everyday a mira-cle has happened somewhere. It does notnecessarily have to be something incredi-ble, fantastic or extraordinary. Sometimes amiracle can be something very simple likea touch, a smile or a gesture of trust –things that seemed to be impossible andalmost unreal even not so long ago… Suchmiracles seem to me most penetratingand beautiful. In miracles there is a specialmystery and light which cannot be put intowords. You can only feel it. And you are

delighted if you happen to see it.I often think about it. My recent visit to

a delightful family also reminded me.On a warm day in the middle of June, I

got organised to visit the Bondar familywho lived in the small town of Kodra inthe district of Kiev. It probably took mean hour to get there and part of the waylay through a gorgeous pine forest. Theworld was full of sunshine and it waspeaceful. And I believe it also was thank-ful. While driving I was trying to imagine -what will they all look like? What was the-

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family like that I was going to visit? Whatkind of relationships did they have? Howwould they feel, sharing the story of theirfamily with a stranger like me? How dothey remember their past?

I knew little about their story, and waslonging to finally meet the family. I want-ed to meet Olena Bondar and her threedaughters, two of which – Mariya andRita – stayed in institutions for a longwhile and had been growing up withoutmaternal care. It was entirely possiblethat they could have lost their faith inever returning to their family and livingwith their mother. Rita would often go toSpain (it was a benefit for children in insti-tution where she stayed) and she evenstarted talking about her ‘new’ Spanishfamily. Given time, she could have total-ly forgotten about her biological family.But it did not work out like that: the chil-dren were wonderfully reunited...

Lost in thought, I hardly noticed howtime passed and was surprised to arrivein Kodra. We approached the 5-storybuilding and stopped. While getting out,I heard the birds singing wonderfully. Theentrance door was ajar – as if someoneopened it just for us. We went upstairs tothe third floor and rang the door bell.And there was that beautiful moment ofmeeting for the first time. The door wasopened by Olena, the hostess, who wel-comed us in – and I immediately saw thegirls. They were still preparing themselvesand were not yet ready to acceptguests, but they already looked festive.Perhaps this was due to their open smiles.

It was very easy to speak with Olena.Sitting in the kitchen and sipping coffeeshe simply related he life story – veryfrankly, not trying to justify her behaviourand not condemning anyone. She toldabout her travels to other countries andabout her early addiction to alcohol. Sherecollected how, shortly after the birth ofher first daughter, Mariya, in 1997, shemade an adventurous trip to Hollandwhere she intended to give birth to hersecond daughter Rita in 1998. Sherecalled how she felt unready to takecare of the baby. She hardly consideredher daughters at that time and told meabout the terrible living conditions they

endured and how the heating systemand electricity was cut off because ofher debts. She remembered her apathy,total indifference, when she was notinterested in anything, nothing wouldworry her or cause concern. She did notcare when her two daughters weretaken away and placed in separate insti-tutions: Rita – in the town of Bila Tserkvawhile Maria was still in Makariv rayon. Sheimagined she would die soon leadingsuch kind of life and it should be betterfor her children to be in institutions as atleast there they were cared for...

Both Olena and the children have suf-fered a lot. Once, Olena could haveindeed perished, when , being drunk, fellshe out of a window. But, perhaps, atthat moment the first miracle came intoher life: she was not hurt at all. Soon,being drunk again after another party,she suddenly felt that something insideher had changed. She felt she woulddrink no more. The world seemed to turnback to the beginning, and Olenaseemed to start living again.

This led to a torturous wait before shecould finally have the children backhome. Even though Olena was notdeprived of her parental rights, the rein-tegration process was rather tough. Shehad to visit many agencies, find themeans to improve living conditions in herapartment and fix the heating system.Otherwise, the children wouldn’t be per-mitted to live there. Actually, no stateofficials believed that Olena would takecare of her children from that point intime. They all doubted she had quitdrinking. Nobody made the effort to helpthe woman to plan her future. Ratherthey condemned her for what has hap-pened in the past... Who knows ifOlena’s desires would be have beenanswered had it not been for Hope andHomes for Children and a single socialworker – Olga Moroz - who caredenough to help the family reunite. Sheacted as guarantor for Olena at thedepartment of child affairs and soonMariyka was returned to her mother. A lit-tle later her second daughter was

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returned, again thanks to Hope andHomes who provided funds to buy fuelfor the heating system, do repair worksand get a cot for the child. Thus, onemore miracle took place. Whatever hap-pened in the past, nowadays the familylives in peace and harmony, taking careof Olena’s yongest daughter – Katia -who was born in January. Hopefully thislittle one will have never have the experi-ence of her older sisters

When I look at Olena, Mariyka andRita, and when Olena talks about heryoungest girl Katia, who is sleepingpeacefully during my visit, I can’t believethere was time when the family was sep-arated. It’s hard to believe that peoplewho, you can tell, deeply love eachother, have suffered so much. At thesame time, I am pleased that they are alltogether again. I want to share in theirjoy: the joy of a family that is finallyreunited.

The girls still remember their lives atinstitutions but they have no desire to talkabout it. Perhaps it seems like a night-mare or a terrible fairy tale like thoseused to scare children. Luckily, it fixed in

the past. Ahead of them is a different lifein which Olena truly cares for her chil-dren and every day is dedicated tothem. „I will do everything for them, –says this brave young woman and adds:– I am both a mother and a father tothem“. I suppose she has also becometheir friend, in whom they can trust. To tellthe truth, Olena will still have to answerall the girl’s questions – which can be dif-ficult. Actually, they already have beenasking questions but Olena says: „Ianswer them sincerely, not hiding any-thing. They have the right to know every-thing“.

Mariyka and Rita now study at a localschool and are catching up with theother pupils. At home, they help to takecare of the baby and do some house-keeping – such help seems to be easy forthem. The most important thing – I canimagine them saying to one another - isthat we are at home again.Unfortunately, Mariyka’s has asthma, butGod willing, it will also pass. When it’stime to part, I look at the smiling faces ofMariya, Rita and Olena and the words ofYan Tvardovsky, the Polish priest andpoet, come to my mind: „It is said, thatthe most beautiful smiles are of thosewho have suffered a lot“. I am not sure ifits true but their smiles are truly beautiful.I wish to remember them and I hope thatthis family will never experience thesame pain they had to go throughalready. It’s my desire that their smiles willlast because of love. I am also thankfulfor this great miracle, which all of themexperienced and which contains a won-derful mystery. The miracle of findingeach other. The miracle of finding trust.The miracle to say the word ‘mommy’again and be a family...

Bohdana Matiyash

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If you wish to become parents for a child from an institu-tion, please look at our tips on simple psychology, mentoringand health care. Learn how to treat simple children’s dis-eases, teach them to be tidy, learn how to solve conflicts,etc.

The leaflets haveinformation on familyforms of upbringing. The manual has concentrated infor-

mation on the project work‘Development of deinstitutionalisationbased on complex individual expertassessment of social state and needsof children and individual care plansof every child’.

In 2008 we published a manual ‘Social work with families who are in difficult life circumstances’(based on HHC Ukraine experience).

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Project expenditures(1998�2008)

Income(1998�2008)

FINANCES

FTH project

Prevention of aban-donment of newbornbabies

Deinstitutionalisation project

Administrative expenditure

11 248 000 UAH

UNICEF 1 454 000 UAH

Private persons

Total income 17 145 000 UAH

Total expends 16 881 000 UAH

133 000 UAH

Hope and Homes for Children 15 558 000 UAH

1 700 000 UAH

1 695 000 UAH

2 238 000 UAH

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Expenditureson other activity

(1998�2008)

House purchase,reconstruction, furni-ture and equipmentfor families (FTHs) 11 211 000 UAH

Informational cam-paign (photo exhibition,published materials,video-shots, promotionof family care, searchfor prospective fosterparents)

Support to families (FTHs,mothers with babies, familiesat risk): food, clothes, pres-ents, involvement of special-ists to provide consultations,medical treatment, trainings,etc)

Building and equip-ment for Mother andBaby Units

1 208 000 UAH

416 000 UAH

528 000 UAH

Trainings, seminars (forspecialists, beneficiaries,parents)

1 280 000 UAH

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We would like to thank our partners for cooperation, attention and understanding and to thank all ofyou for your constant support and participation in HHC work in Ukraine..

Thanks to our joint efforts, over 1000 children in Ukraine have found parents and became happy.We believe that together we will be able to do more to help all children feel the love and warmth

which only a family can provide.

Ministry of Ukraine for Family, Youth and Sports Affairs

UNICEF

State Department for Adoption and Child Protection

State Social Service for Family, Children and Youth

District administrations: Kiev, Sumy, Kirovohrad, Volyn, Chernivtsi, Khmelnytsk, Zakarpattia, Rivne,Lviv, Odesa, Mykolaiv, Poltava and Autonomous Republic of Crimea

Municipal Councils: Makariv, Starosambir, Zhovkva, Liuboml, Boryspil, Brovary, Fastiv, Bila Tserkva,Rokytne, Baryshivka, Skvyra, Mykolaiv, Voznesensk, Novoodesa, Ovidiopol, Tatrbunary, Balta, Vilshanka,Khorol, Bilopillia, Sumy, Rivne, Vinkovetsk, Dunayevets, Putyla rayon state administration, Simferopol,Feodosiya, Sudak, Yevpatoriya, Volodymyr-Volynsk, Novovolynsk, Kovel, Irpin, Bila Tserkva, Slavutych,Rzhyshchiv, Odesa, Kirovohrad, Sumy, Romny and Rivne.

Every Child in UkraineChild Well-Being FundHolt International in Ukraine

HEARTFELT THANKS

OUR PARTNERS

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Mid 90s. The state is in a deep economic and social crisis. The number of orphans,street children and children deprived of parental care is constantly growing and theauthorities are not able to solve the problem. A few family-type homes spend thelion’s share of their efforts not on child upbringing but on the simple act of survival.These were the conditions when the international charity, ‘Hope and Homes forChildren’ (HHC), came to Ukraine. For all of us, parents and educators, the momentof meeting representatives of HHC was like the beginning of a new stage in life.Solutions to the most difficult problems, organisational and moral support, goodadvice – all this we received from our new friends. As a result – many new families,hundreds of children, now have love and care and homes.

HHC representatives were able to help change the prevailing situation not only forindividual families but at a national level as well. Thanks to the active cooperationof HHC Ukraine with state authorities, a law was adopted in 2005 which constructive-ly solves main structural and organizational problems in FTHs and foster families.Nowadays, HHC Ukraine continues its fruitful work, defining new directions and tasks.We would like to sincerely thank you, dear friends. We are in your debt! Let God helpyou in your good work!

Parent-educator, priest Myhail

Our team today

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The ‘Magnolia’ organization recommends and supports the projects of HHC Ukraine because our mis-sions are the same: we work to give hope to every child and the possibility to grow up with the love of afamily and the security of a home, so that they can fulfill their potential.

President of Ukrainian national charity ‘Magnolia’,Yevhenia Tkachenko

Hope and Homes for Children in Ukraine is one of a few organizations which achieves what it sets out todo showing how to work for the best interest of children. Despite being self-sufficient and having significantresources and the necessary experience and knowledge, HHC Ukraine demonstrates the importance ofcoordinating the efforts of all parts of society in order to make changes in Ukraine for every child to live andgrow up in a family. We are proud that we have such a partner and that we have reached a high level ofmutual understanding and support.

Director of ‘Every Child’ Ukraine,Volodymyr Kuzminskyi

If the poignant experiences wehad over the last few days gives usreason to talk about this greatcause more often, or even at all,then there's a chance that the workof Hope and Homes will remain inthe imagination of all those thathear our stories. I have seen a greatfire burning in the Ukraine - a fire ofhope and a fire of warmth that I'llspend the rest of my life doingwhatever I can to keep alive!

Casualty Claims DirectorZurich UKGI,

Iwan Borszcz

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I joined the organisation in28 May 1998 and am proudof what we have achievedto create new life for hun-dreds of Ukrainian children.

Director of Programmes‘Hope and Homes for

Children’in Central and Eastern

European countries in 1998-2006,

Bohdan Rymarenko

The joint-stock company ‘Obolon’ used to support parents who brought up boththeir own children and those who had been deprived of parental care. Systematicsupported started when we got acquainted with HHC Ukraine. Regularly providingsupport in-kind, we saw and knew how the money was spent. We were glad that‘Obolon’ has contributed to the growth of the younger generation in Ukraine.Especially pleasant for us were our relations with representatives of HHC Ukraineworkers who were intelligent and, as professionals, helped us to work directly withfamilies.

Head of joint-stock company ‘Obolon’,Serhiy Bloshchanevych

The 10th anniversary of HHC’s work in Ukraine is for me a special, personal celebra-tion because I have been lucky to have worked shoulder to shoulder with uniquepeople for whom to do good work is a regular thing.

‘Hope and Homes for Children’ is where I also learned about caring and humanity.The network of family-type homes created and by the organisation has provided hun-dreds of children with warmth and care. They taught both children and many adults –from average persons to high officials – to be sincere and merciful.

Children who have grown up in such families and play a role in society – they havetalent, persistence in achieving their goals, respect for other people and a love of life.

It is difficult to count all projects of the organisation. They were all different.However, one thing was always the same: all the work of HHC Ukraine was alwaysdesigned to provide happiness for children and adults.

Director of State department on adoption and child protection,Liudmyla Volynets

When Hope and Homes for Children UK was founded in 1994 our first project wasto rebuild a bombed- out orphanage in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. However,through talking to the children that lived in the home we found out that all they reallywanted was to be part of a loving family. Over the last 14 years, Hope and Homes forChildren has become the leading organisation in closing institutions and establishingalternative, family-based care services.

At Hope and Homes for Children, we passionately believe that every child shouldgrow up within a caring family environment where they have the opportunity to fulfiltheir potential. Our new logo, which clearly puts children at the centre of our work, isa reflection of how we have developed as an organisation and our commitment toenabling every child within our reach to grow up within the love of a family and thesecurity of a home.

Materials are prepared by HHC Ukraine workers, edited by Bohdana Matiyash.Photos are taken by UNICEF, Oleksandr Gliadielov, Costa Anastasakis, LiubovKrushelnytska, Aliona Antonova, HHC workers.

Our contacts:Hope and Homes for Children in Ukraine4, Baggovutivska St., Office 57Kyiv 04107Tel: (044) 483 77 83Tel/fax: (044) 483 29 79e�mail: office@hopeandhomes.org.uawww.hopeandhomes.org.ua

Bank detailsAccount number: 26005962480687 (KI5-602565-USD-3044-01)Beneficiary: Hope and Homes for Children in UkraineBank of beneficiary:First Ukrainian International Bank, Ukraine, Kiev Branch;SWIFT: FUIBUA2X