report of internship @ gspc

of 28

VISION

“To be a globally competitive E & P company with strategic transport leadership and

integration in the oil and gas value chain nationally, maximizing shareholder value and

responsive to customer and environment”

of 28

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The special thank goes to our helpful Mr.

S.P.S Chauhan. The supervision and support that he

gave truly help the progression and smoothness of the

internship program. The co-operation is much indeed

appreciated.

Our grateful thanks also go to both Mr.

Koushelndra Singh and Mr. Vedant Sharma. A big

contribution and hard worked from both of you during

the fifteen days are very great indeed. All projects

during the program would be nothing without the

enthusiasm and imagination from both of you. Besides,

this internship program makes us realized the value of

working together as a team and as a new experience in

working environment, which challenges us every

minute. Not forget, great appreciation go to the rest of

GSPC’s staff that help us from time to time during the

project. The whole program really brought us together

to appreciate the true value of friendship and respect of

each other.

Great deals appreciated go to the contribution

of all staff members of GSPC. Not forget to Mr.

Priyaranjan, Mr.Shashank and Mr.Vivek for the

smoothes and co-operation during the visited.

Special thanks also to Mr. Vinay Kumar, General

Manager(HR & Admin) that have encourage, support

and approved us in completing this program

successfully.

of 28

To be filled by the instructor

Department Name:

Submission Date:

Completion Status:

Instructors:

Mr. S. P. S. Chauhan

Mr. Koushlendra Singh

Signature:

of 28

CONTENTS

Sr. No. Topics Page No.

1 GSPC at Glance 5

2 E & P Initiatives 7

3 Training Schedule 8

4 Sucker Rod Pump 9

5 Casing 13

6 X-mas Tree 15

7 Workover Overview 19

8 Echometer: Digital Well Analyzer 22

9 Separator 25

10 Conclusion 27

11 References 28

of 28

GSPC AT GLANCE

GSPC is one of the leading oil and gas

exploration, development and production companies in

India. GSPC is also one of the largest gas trading

companies in India. In addition, GSPC has a significant

presence in the gas transmission and gas distribution

businesses. GSPC’s exploration, development and

production activities are conducted both onshore and

offshore in India and overseas. Government of Gujarat

along with its public sector undertakings is holding

more than 97% of equity of the company as on 31-Mar-

10.

GSPC’s primary asset is the Deen Dayal field

in the Krishna-Godavari basin (the “KG basin”) located

off the east coast of the State of Andhra Pradesh, India,

which has significant gas reserves, part of which, Deen

Dayal West (“DDW”), GSPC is currently developing

for commercial production. GSPC is the operator of the

offshore KG-OSN-2001/3 block (the “KG block”),

which includes the Deen Dayal field, and hold an

80.0% Working Interest in the block.

GSPC also holds Working Interests in 15

producing fields in the Cambay basin. As of now GSPC

holds working Interests in 64 onshore and offshore

exploration and production blocks. 53 of these blocks

are located in India and 11 are located in Australia,

Egypt, Indonesia and Yemen. GSPC conducts all its

exploration, development and production activities

of 28

through unincorporated joint ventures with other

domestic oil and gas companies and foreign partners

and pursuant to PSCs and PSAs.

GSPC, through its Subsidiaries and

Associates, operate the largest gas transmission and

distribution network in the State of Gujarat. Its

subsidiary, Gujarat State Petronet Limited (“GSPL”), is

a gas transmission company on common carrier basis.

GSPC Gas and Sabarmati Gas, are engaged in the

business of City Gas Distribution and related pipeline

infrastructure in Gujarat. Between them, these

companies have developed pipeline infrastructure and

supply piped gas to domestic customers, industrial

customers and commercial customers and Compressed

Natural Gas (“CNG”) stations in Gujarat. GSPC trades

in Liquefied Natural Gas (“LNG”), catering to

industries engaged in power generation, steel and city

gas distribution, among others.

GSPC engages in other activities in the

energy sector as well. Its wholly owned subsidiary,

GSPC LNG Limited “GSPC LNG”), is developing an

LNG terminal at Mundra in Gujarat. Their associate

company Gujarat State Energy Generation Limited

(“GSEG”), owns and operates a gas based power plant

at Hazira in Gujarat. Another wholly owned subsidiary,

GSPC Pipavav Power Company Limited (“GPPC”), is

setting up a gas-fired combined cycle power plant at

Pipavav in Gujarat. GSPC has also set up a wind farm

at Jakhau in Gujarat.

of 28

E & P Initiatives

The company acquired several discovered oil and

gas fields in the first and second rounds of bidding initiated by

the Government of India during 1994-95. This process

achieved a further impetus with the announcement of the New

Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) by the Government of

India in 1999. GSPC was among India’s first companies to

participate in the NELP bidding process and acquire

exploration blocks across the country.

Today, the company has an international portfolio

with exploration acreage in Australia, Egypt, Yemen and

Indonesia.

of 28

TRAINING SCHEDULE

Winter Vacation Training December 2011

Date Subject Lecturer 15th December 2011

Overview of Petroleum Industry

Mr. Arjun Sir

16th December 2011

Introduction to GSPC

17th December 2011

Revise Carl Getllin Book

19th December 2011

Casing study in detail

Mr. S. M. Singh

20th December 2011

Dholka visit PK Dev # 1

Mr. Abhisek Kumar

21st December 2011

Workover Overview

Mr. Vivek Kumar

22nd December 2011

Dholka visit- EPS & Echometer

Mr. Vedant Sharma

23rd December 2011

SRP in detail Mr. Sudhir Kumar

26th December 2011

X-mas tree Mr. Sudhir Kumar

27th December 2011

Mathematical task Mr. Koushlendra Singh

28th December 2011

Fluid Mechanics Task

Mr. Koushlendra Singh

29th December 2011

Report making

30th December 2011

Report Submission

of 28

SUCKER ROD PUMP

At the bottom of the tubing is the down-hole

pump. This pump has two ball check valves: a

stationary valve at bottom called the standing valve, and

of 28

a valve on the piston connected to the bottom of the

sucker rods that travels up and down as the rods

reciprocate, known as the traveling valve. Reservoir

fluid enters from the formation into the bottom of the

borehole through perforations that have been made

through the casing and cement (the casing is a larger

metal pipe that runs the length of the well, which has

cement placed between it and the earth; the tubing,

pump and sucker rods are all inside the casing). When

the rods at the pump end are traveling up, the traveling

valve is closed and the standing valve is open (due to

the drop in pressure in the pump barrel). Consequently,

the pump barrel fills with the fluid from the formation

as the traveling piston lifts the previous contents of the

barrel upwards. When the rods begin pushing down, the

traveling valve opens and the standing valve closes (due

to an increase in pressure in the pump barrel). The

traveling valve drops through the fluid in the barrel

(which had been sucked in during the upstroke). The

piston then reaches the end of its stroke and begins its

path upwards again, repeating the process.

of 28

Schematic and labeled diagram of SRP is given below.

of 28

Often, gas is produced through the same

perforations as the oil. This can be problematic if gas

enters the pump, because it can result in what is known

as gas locking, where insufficient pressure builds up in

the pump barrel to open the valves (due to compression

of the gas) and little or nothing is pumped. To preclude

this, the inlet for the pump can be placed below the

perforations. As the gas-laden fluid enters the well bore

through the perforations, the gas bubbles up the annulus

(the space between the casing and the tubing) while the

liquid moves down to the standing valve inlet. Once at

the surface, the gas is collected through piping

connected to the annulus.

of 28

CASING

Casing that is cemented in place aids the drilling

process in several ways:

of 28

1. Prevent contamination of fresh water well zones.

2. Prevent unstable upper formations from caving-in

and sticking the drill string or forming large caverns.

3. Provides a strong upper foundation to use high-

density drilling fluid to continue drilling deeper.

4. Isolates different zones, that may have different

pressures or fluids - known as zonal isolation, in the

drilled formations from one another.

5. Seals off high pressure zones from the surface,

avoiding potential for a blowout

6. Prevents fluid loss into or contamination of

production zones.

7. Provides a smooth internal bore for installing

production equipment.

of 28

X-MAS TREE

In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a

Christmas tree, or "tree" (not "wellhead" as sometimes

incorrectly referred to), is an assembly of valves, spools,

and fittings used for an oil well, gas well, water

injection well, water disposal well, gas injection well,

condensate well and other types of wells. It was named

for its crude resemblance to a decorated tree.

of 28

Christmas trees are used on both surface

and subsea wells. It is common to identify the type of

tree as either "subsea tree" or "surface tree". Each of

these classifications has a number of variations.

Examples of subsea include conventional, dual bore,

mono bore, TFL (through flow line), horizontal,

mudline, mudline horizontal, side valve, and TBT

(through-bore tree) trees. The deepest installed subsea

tree is in the Gulf of Mexico at approximately 9,000

feet (2,700 m). (Current technical limits are up to

around 3000 metres and working temperatures of -50°F

to 350°F with a pressure of up to 15,000 psi.)

The primary function of a tree is to control

the flow, usually oil or gas, out of the well. (A tree may

also be used to control the injection of gas or water into

a non-producing well in order to enhance production

rates of oil from other wells.) When the well and

facilities are ready to produce and receive oil or gas,

tree valves are opened and the formation fluids are

allowed to go through a flow line. This leads to a

processing facility, storage depot and/or other pipeline

eventually leading to a refinery or distribution center

(for gas). Flow lines on subsea wells usually lead to a

fixed or floating production platform or to a storage

ship or barge, known as a floating storage offloading

vessel (FSO), or floating processing unit (FPU), or

floating production and offloading vessel or FPSO.

of 28

A tree often provides numerous additional

functions including chemical injection points, well

intervention means, pressure relief means, monitoring

points (such as pressure, temperature, corrosion,

erosion, sand detection, flow rate, flow composition,

valve and choke position feedback), and connection

points for devices such as down hole pressure and

temperature transducers (DHPT). On producing wells,

chemicals or alcohols or oil distillates may be injected

to preclude production problems (such as blockages).

Functionality may be extended further by

using the control system on a subsea tree to monitor,

measure, and react to sensor outputs on the tree or even

down the well bore. The control system attached to the

tree controls the downhole safety valve (SCSSV,

DHSV, SSSV) while the tree acts as an attachment and

conduit means of the control system to the downhole

safety valve.

Tree complexity has increased over the last

few decades. They are frequently manufactured from

blocks of steel containing multiple valves rather than

being assembled from individual flanged components.

This is especially true in subsea applications where the

resemblance to Christmas trees no longer exists given

of 28

the frame and support systems into which the main

valve block is integrated.

Note that a tree and wellhead are separate

pieces of equipment not to be mistaken as the same

piece. The Christmas tree is installed on top of the

wellhead. A wellhead is used without a Christmas tree

during drilling operations, and also for riser tie-back

situations that later would have a tree installed at riser

top. Wells being produced with rod pumps (pump jacks,

nodding donkeys, and so on) frequently do not utilize

any tree owing to no pressure-containment requirement.

of 28

WORKOVERJOB

The term workover is used to refer to any kind

of oil wellintervention involving invasive techniques,

such as wireline, coiled tubing or snubbing. More

specifically though, it will refer to the expensive

process of pulling and replacing a completion.

Reason to perform a workover

Workovers rank among the most complex,

difficult and expensive types of wellwork there is. They

are only performed if the completion of a well is

terminally unsuitable for the job at hand. The

production tubing may have become damaged due to

operational factors like corrosion to the point where

well integrity is threatened. Downhole components such

as tubing retrievable downhole safety valves or

electrical submersible pumps may have malfunctioned,

needing replacement.

In other circumstances, the reason for a

workover may not be that the completion itself is in a

bad condition, but that changing reservoir conditions

make it unsuitable. For example, a high productivity

well may have been completed with 5½" tubing to

allow high flow rates (a narrower tubing would have

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireline

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coiled_tubing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snubbing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completion_(oil_and_gas_wells)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_tubing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downhole_safety_valve

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_submersible_pump

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reservoir

of 28

unnecessarily choked the flow). Some years on,

declining productivity means the reservoir can no

longer support stable flow through this wide bore. This

may lead to a workover to replace the 5½" tubing with

4½" tubing. The narrower bore makes for a more stable

flow.

Objectives of Workover Job

To increase productivity

Control water/gas production

Repair mechanical failure

Formation damage

Low permeability or reservoir pressure

Sand productivity or asphaltene deposition

High viscosity

Perforation and completion in another zone

Economic consideration

Types of Workover Jobs

Acidization and hydrofracturing

Control repair and secondary cementing

Sand control

Tubing and packer replacement

Casing repair

Scrapping or chemical treatment

of 28

Consideration & Risk

Exact problem

Well control

Consideration as per the type of workover being

carried out

Economy

of 28

Echometer Digital Well Analyzer

Acoustic Liquid Level Instrument

Pressure Transient Tester

Dynamometer

Motor Power/Current Analysis

The Well Analyzer is a portable computerized

instrument for obtaining a complete well analysis.

The Well Analyzer is an integrated artificial

lift data acquisition and diagnostic system that allows

an operator to maximize oil and gas production and

minimize operating expense. Well productivity,

reservoir pressure, overall efficiency, equipment

http://www.echometer.com/images/product_photos/lg/wa_lg.jpg

of 28

loading and well performance are derived from the

combination of measurements of surface pressure,

acoustic liquid level, dynamometer, power and pressure

transient response. This portable system is based on a

precision analog to digital converter controlled by a

notebook computer with Windows-based application.

The Well Analyzer acquires, stores, processes, displays

and manages the data at the well site to give an

immediate analysis of the well's operating condition.

of 28

Gas Gun / Microphone Assemblies

The Echometer Well Analyzer can be used

with a variety of gas guns/microphone assemblies. The

gas gun generates an acoustic pulse which travels down

the casing annulus gas and is reflected by collars and

the liquid level. The reflected acoustic pulse is

converted into an electrical signal by the gas gun

microphone. A remote fire gas gun is normally supplied

with the Well Analyzer and is necessary for unattended

pressure transient data acquisition. A manual fire 1,500

PSI compact gas gun can be operated in the explosion

or implosion mode. High pressure gas from the well can

be released into the compact gas gun to create the initial

pulse so that an external gas supply is not required.

5,000 and 15,000 PSI gas guns are available for high-

pressure applications. Precision pressure transducers

with a wide range of pressure ratings are available for

use with the various gas guns

http://www.echometer.com/products/gas_guns/index.html

http://www.echometer.com/products/transducers/press.html

of 28

SEPARATOR

Used primarily to separate a combined liquid-

gas well stream into components that are relatively free

of each other. The name Separator usually is applied to

the vessel used in the field to separate oil & gas coming

directly from an oil, or group of wells.

(Two phase Vertical Separator)

of 28

It may be either two or three phase separator.

Two phase separators remove the total liquid from

gas.

Three phase separators also remove free water from

hydrocarbon liquid.

CLASSIFICATION OF SEPARATORS

Vertical Separator

Horizontal Separator

Single Tube (ST)

Double Tube (DT)

Spherical Separator

Horizontal Separator

of 28

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, there were many things that we

have experience and learned during the fifteen days of

our Industrial Training at GSPC. The whole training

period was very interesting, instructive and challenging.

Through this training we were able to gain new insights

and more comprehensive understanding about the real

industry working condition and practice. The fifteen

days training also has provided me the opportunities to

develop and improve our soft and functional skills. All

of this valuable experience and knowledge that we have

gained were not only acquired through the direct

involvement in task given but also through other aspect

of the training such as work observation, interaction

with colleagues, superior, and others third party related

to the company. From what we have undergone, we are

hundred percent agree that the industrial training

program have achieve its entire primary objective. It’s

also the best ways to prepare student in facing the real

working life. As a result of the program now we are

more confident to enter the employment world and

build our future career.

of 28

REFREANCES

http://www.echometer.com/products/analyzer/brochure.htm

http://www.gspcgroup.com/company_detail.php?CID=1

John lee well testing analysis

Petroleum Engineering: Drilling & Well Completions

by Carl Gatlin.

http://www.echometer.com/products/analyzer/brochure.htm

http://www.gspcgroup.com/company_detail.php?CID=1

report of internship @ gspc

Documents

deen dayal

wholly owned

downhole safety

city gas distribution

standing valve

traveling

fifteen days

sucker rods