report of committee on safety to life

1 6 5 8 R~POP.T OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO.LIFE SL-1

Report of Committee on

Safety to Life . i

Edward Grey Hals tesd , Chairman, Jensen and Halstead, 600 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60605

Rober t J . T h o m p s o n , t S*cretary, National Fire Protection Assn., 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, MA 02210

J o h n F. Behrens , International Conference of Building Officials

T. A. Bel l inghausen, National Electrical Manufacturers Assn.

I rwin A. B e n | a m l n , National Bureau o| Standards

J . A r m a n d Burgun , Rogers, Butler & Burgun, Architects

Harold Clar, Los Angeles, Calif. David Curley, Aqnerican Insurance Assn. G l e n n Erickson: Buildin.g O~cials & Code

Administratbrs Internatlonat, tnc. i R. St t r l ing Fer~uson, National Rgscarch"

Council, Ottawa, Canada Ashby T. Gibbons, J r . , Portland Cement

Assn. John .L. Jab lonsky , American Insurance

Assn. Harold A . Locke, Underwriters' Labora-

tories of Canada C. S. Mul len , Jr . , Fire Marshals Assn. of

Edward J . Reilly; National Automatic Sprinkler & Fire Controt ssn.

J . C. RobertsOn, Fire Marshals Assn. of North America , •

Gerald J. Roslcky, Automobile Manu- facturers Assn., .

J ack C. Sanders , Fire Marshals Assn. of North America

K e n n e t h G. Smack , Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. .

J a m e s C. Spence, American Iron and Steel Institute

Wi l l i am B..Tabler~i American Institute of Architects

J a m e s P. T h o m p s o n , Southern Forest Products Assn. •

Theodore A. Ventrone , American Cyana- mid Company

George H. Wright , Underwriters' Labora- tories, Inc.

North America Calvin H. YuilI, SOuthwest Research In- Wil l iam A. Pent t i l a , Fire Marshals Assn;' " stitute : ~

of North America " . ~ ~ " ,.

-Aiternates ....

Rlchard G. Brhlht, National Bureau of Standards (Alternate to Irwin A. Banjemin)

Gaylon R. Clalborne', Building Officials & Code Administrators International, Inc. (Alternate to Glenn Eriekson)

J . E. Johnson , National Electrical Manu- facturers Assn. (Alternate to T. A. Belling- bausch)

M o r v a n M. Maxwell, American Institute of Architects (Alternate to Wm. B. Tabler)

W m . J . Meyer, National Automatic Sprin- kler & Fire Control Assn. (Alternate to Edward J. Reilly)

Rex E. Walker , National Forest Products Assn. (Alternate to James P. Thompson)

Gerald M. Watson, American Insurance Assn. (Alternate to John L. Jablonsky)

Wal te r Wells, American Iron and Steel Institute (Alternate to James C. Spence)

B. A. Z I m m e r , Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (Alternate to George H. Wright)

tNonvoting.

Nonvotinf~ M e m b e r

N o r m a n C. S t ro the r S m i t h , Fire Protection Assn., London, England

SL-2 S E C T I O N A L C O M M I T T E E 1659

Sect iona l C o m m i t t e e on Assembly a n d Educa t iona l Occupancies

Harold Clar, Chairman, 4614 Clariesa Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90027

cha r l e s T. Beaupre, Jr . , Massachusetts Arron F. McCrary, American Hospital Department of Public Safety Association

John G. De~enkolb, Assn. of Motion J o h n Morris, Fred S. James & Co. Picture and Television Producers Henry C. Ray, Department of Health,

Richard W. Giles, Fire Marshals Assn. of ~ Education, and Welfare North America Major Carrol l E. Shaw, Yale University

Norman E. Kocher, Los Angeles City Board S tan ley C. Zierner, John J. Harte Associ- of Education ares, Inc.

Sect ional C o m m i t t e e on I n s t i t u t i o n a l Occupancies

• J . A r m a n d Burgun , Chairman, Rogers, Butler & Burgun, Architects, 1 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016

Richard G. Br ight , National Bureau of Standards

M. H. Es tepp, Fire Marshals 'Assn. of North America

Roy Hudenburg , Kiff, Vces & Franklin Howard Niekeison, Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare Paul S. Pierson, American Hospital Assn.

Ernil io M. Pucll lo, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Howard 'T . "Scott, Ir . , Veterans Adminis- tration

J u l i a n E. Srnariga, Department of Health. Education and Welfare

Carl W. Walter , M.D., NFPA Committee on Hospitals

' A l t e r l l a t e s

Bobby Lee Johnson , Insurance Commissioner, State of Florida (Alternate to M. H. Estepp)

Arron McCrary, American Hospital Assn. (Alterante toPaul S. Pierson)

Sect ional C o m m i t t e e on Means of Egress

J o h n F. Behrens , Chairman, Dept. of Planning & Inspection, City Hall, Fresno, CA 93721

(rep. International Conference of Building Officials)

Irwin Benjarnln , U. S. Department of Commerce

John L. Bryan, University of. Maryland Glenn Erickson,.Building Officials & Code

Administrators International. Inc. R. S t i f l ing Ferguson, National Research

Council Murvan M. Maxwell , American Institute of

Architects

C. S. Mui len , Jr . , Fire Marshals Assn. of North America

W. W. Pr i tsky, T h e Aluminum Assn. J a m e s P. Thompson , Southern Forest

Products Assn. G . M . Watson, American Ins. Assn~

~B. A. Zirnrner~ Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.

Al te rna tes .

Richard G. Br ight , National Bureau of Standards (Alternate to Irwin A. Benjamin)

Gaylon R. Claiborne, Buildin~ Officials & Code Administrators International. Inc. (Alternate to Glenn Erickeon)

1660 ~ P o R ~ OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE S ~ . ~

Sectional C o m m i t t e e on Indus t r i a l , Storage, and Miscellaneous Occupancies

Theodore A. Vent rone , Chairman, American Cyanamid Co., Bound Brook, NJ 08805

Leroy V. Abbot t , J r . , American Insurance W . L . D, Chisho lm, American Mutual In. Assn. surance Alliance

Wal te r W. Baeee, Xerox Corp. Bernard Grad, American Institute of Howard D. Boyd, Fire Marshals Assn. of Architects

North America Orville M. Slye, J r . , Levittown, PA C. Wil l iam Waiters , National Safety

Council

Sect ional C o m m i t t e e on In te r io r Finish, Furn i sh ing , a nd Decorat ions

"John L. Jab lonsky , Chairman, American Insurance Assn., 85 John St., New York, NY 10038

Brock Arms , American Institute of Arehi- J ack C. Sanders, Fire Marshals Assn. of tecta North America

E. A. Bamford , Factory Mutual Research Rex E. Walker , National Forest Producte Corp. Assn.

A. J . Bat te l le , Society of the Plastics In- George H. Wright , Underwritem' Labora- dnstry tories, Inc.

Calvin H. Yulil, Southwest Research In- stitute

Sect ional C o m m i t t e e on Mercant i le and Business Occupancies

J ack C. Sanders , Chairman, State Fire Marshal, 4040 N. Lincoln Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73105

(rep. Fire Marshals Assn. of North America)

Belles, Donald W., Hendersonville, TN Carroll S. Har r ing ton , Providence (RI)

Building Owners and Managem Assn. Richard La t tey , American Mutual In-

surance Alliance Ed Proll, Fire Marshals Assn. of North

America F_~ward J . Reilly, National Automatic

Spinklcr & Fire Control Assn.

J a m e s C. Spenee, American Iron and Steel Institute

Nelson T. Walker, Robinson Conner, Inc. Clyde Whit low, American Institute of

Architects

Al te rna te Wal te r Wells, American Iron and Steel

Instituto (Alternate to James C. Spence)

Sect ional C o m m i t t e e on Resident ia l Occupancies

Wil l iam B. Table r , Chairman, 401-415 Seventh Ave., New York, NY 10001 (rep. American Institute of Arehiteets)

I rwin A. B e n j a m i n , National Bureau of Richard A. Schnarr , Building Officials' Standards Conference of America

Peter G. Christ ie , Christie, Nilss, Potter Mil ton W. S m l t h m a n , National Assn. of and Andrews Home Builders

G lenn Moore, Fire Mamhals Assn. of North Al ternate . America War ren Nellis, National A.~sn. of Home

Chief S t ephen J . Murphy , American Hotel Buihler~ (Alteroatc to Milton W. Smith- & Motel Assn. man

Nonvot ing M e m b e r

Wil l iam S. Brown, l:~leral Ilousing Administration

SL-4 E X P L A N A T I O N OF R E P O R T 1661

The report of the Committee on Safety to Life proposes amendments to the Code for Safety to Life from Fire in Buildings and StrUctures, NFPA No. 101 - - 1970. NFPA No. 101 is published in the 1972-73 National Fire Codes, Vol. 4, and in separate pamphlet form.

The Committee on Safety to Life endorsed the concept of early warning detection in new buildings of residential occupancy. I t also directed the Sectional Committee on Residential Occupancies to study the methodology, alternatives and technical aspects of incorporating provisions for early warning detection in residential occupancies in the Life Safety Code and that such provisions be prepared as an interim amendment to the 1973 edition of the Code.

It was agreed that this matter was of such importance as to warrant an interim amendment to the 1973 edition of the Code.

This report consists of.four parts, which have been submitted to letter ballot o.f the 24 members oar the Committee. As o.f February 1, the.foUowing results were received:

On Par t I, 23 members responded, OAr whom 19 members have voted a~rmatively on the entire ballot; Mr. Thompson voted affirmatively, but asked to be recorded as opposed to subparagraph 8-1111b; Messrs. Benjamin and Erickson voted negatively; Mr. Reilly asked to be recorded as non voting. Mr. Tablet did not return his ballots.

To paraphrase major comments on the negative ballots, Mr. Benjamin reports that he cannot agree with the parallelism between requirements .for hospitals and those.for nursing homes. Mr. Benjamin.feels that requirements for hospitals should be less stringent than those.for nursing homes, but that requirements .for both are based on adverse experience in nursing homes.

Mr. Erickson disagrees with what he refers to as "a distinct increase over present requirements" .for health care .facilities, particularly in the requirement .for smoke partitions to subdivide smaller .facilities (those with 30 or less patients) and requirements .for fire-rated enclosures on certain auxiliary operations (6-5112, 10-1371 and 10-2351). In Mr. Erickson's opinion, "For example, many gift shops, kitchens, small laundries, employee locker rooms, and physical therapy handicra.ft areas do not have a degree o.f hazard greater than that normal to the general occupancy of the building or structure under consideration . . . per 6-5111. Mr. Erickson also disagrees w~th the amendments to 5-d121 and 5-6221.

Mr. Reilly abstained, against his wishes to be a part of the "popular majority," .for the.following reasons: Mr.' Reilly .felt that it was excessive (as in Chapter 10) to require "dual fire protection systems, calling.for both automatic detectors and sprinklers . . , because it adds excessive costs without commensurate added protection." Mr. Reilly is concerned most over "the fact that fire-resistive construction remains immune to sprinkler requirements",

1662 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE SL-5

states further that "NFPA's own fire loss re'cord department has re. apendedly bombarded its readers witl~ case histories of large loss of life which have occurred in fire-resistive buildings . .: • until such time'as all fue! can be removed from these well-budt furnaces • • • the only alternatwe zs (aut matzo extinguishment) • • • In voting 'no' I would be voting against many things I, myself, have proposed. . . The fact that I was unable to attend the November meeting in "New Orleans (Editor. the wr. apup meetii~'g for the 1973 Edition of NFP'A lO1) because of another commitment, should not suggest a lack oJ respect for the importance . . . .

On Part II, calling for .door closers on doors of rooms in certain residential occupancies,'20, voted affrmatively,. Messrs. Behrens and Rosicky voted negat(vely, and Mr. Reilly abstained. Mr. Tablet did not return his ballot. " " : ~ '

Mr. Behrens felt this propos'al might be reactionary (tO a recent fire in Atlanta) and not justified. "Would this have saved lives or were there other factors?" he asks. "Model Codes (Uniform Building Code, at least) do not require this." ~

Mr. Rosikky opposid the proposal based 'on its retroactivity. I f it were to include only "new ~onstruction (he) wotild . . . ~vote in the affirmative."

Mr. Reilly did not explain his abstention beyond that given for Part I.

On Part HI, 22 ballots were returned and 22 members voted affirmatively. Messrs. Reilly and Tabler did not return their ballots. ,

On Part IV, 22 ballots were returned and all 22 members voted al~rmatively. Messrs. Reilly and Tablet did not return their ballots.

Several constructive comments were received with the affrmative ballots. All comments will be studied by the Committee on Safety to L i f e and by the Sectional Committees in the ensuing months.

sL-0 1 6 6 3 A M E N D M E N T S T O N F P A N O . 101

P r o p o s e c l ~ , m e n d m e n t s t o ~ •

Code for Safety to Life from .,

Fire in Buildings and Structures

' " N F P A N o . 101 - - 1 9 7 0 " "

1. G E N E R A L All ztems now in the Standard and which call for 1 s/~. inch solid wood doors in ~herwise rated fire partitions will be revised to require doors with a fire protection rating of at least 20 minutes. (Applies to new buildings only.) ..

2. Revise Chapter. 3 as follows: (The following is a complete presentation of Chapte¢ 3i 'but Only those items with vertical lines in the margin are amendments and 'thereby "subject. to ~iction, b.~ the Association.)

. . - , . ~ ~ . , ' ~ . 5 , , " . . " ~ . ' ) , . , :

CHae'r.vat 3. D mrnoi s '

Unless 'expressly stated otherwise, the following terma shall, for the purpose of the .Life Safety Code, have the meanings indicated in this section. ' : • ' ' "~- " -

Words used in the present'tense include the future; words used in the masculine gender include.the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural and the'plural the s i n g u l a r . .

Whereterms are not defined in this Chapter, they shall have their ordinarily, accepted.meanings or such as the context m a y imply.

' , - . ,

Apartment Building: See 11-0001. ' ~

Approved."; Accepted b~ the , authoi'ity having jurisdiction under the provisi6fi's of the'C6de by reason of 'rests'or investigations, conducted by it or ' by an agency satisfactory to the authorib/ , based upon nationally accepted test standards or principles. -

Area: See Flo0r'Are~/~ " . "' . . . . .,

Authori ty Hav ing Jur isdic t ion: The duly authorized repre- sentative or agency "having legal enforceha~nt '~ responsibility, in cases where the Life Safety Code is :alSplied with the force of law.

Automatic: Providing a function without the necessity of human intervention~ ._ i . , .. •

Building: Any structure used or i n t endedfo r supporting or sheltering any use ~or occupancy, The term'building shall be construed as ,if followed b y the ,.words "or portion thereof." (See Structure.)

1 6 6 4 REPORT oF oN SAFETY TO L,F

Combust ib le : Capable of undergoing combustion.

Combust ion: A chemical process that involves oxidation suf. ficient to produce light or heat.

Court: An open, uncovered and unoccupied space, unobstructed to the sky, bounded on three or more sides by exterior building walls.

Court (enclosed): A court bounded on all sides by the exterior walls of a building or exterior walls and lot lines on which walls are allowable.

Exist ing: Tha t which is already in existence at the date when this Code goes into effect, as, existing buildings, structures, or exit facilities.

Exit: Tha t portion of a means of egress which is separated from all other spaces of the building or structure by construction or equipment as required in this Code to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge.

Exit Access: Tha t portion of a means of egress which leads to an entrance to an exit.

Exit Discharge: Tha t portion of a means of egress between the termination of an exit and a public way.

Fire Resistance Rating: The time, in hours, that materials or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure as established in accordance with the test procedures of Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials. (See Appendix B for list of Standards.)

Fire Window: A window assembly, including frame, wired glass and hardware, which under the standard test method listed in Appendix B meets the fire protective requirements for the location in which it is to be used.

Flame Spread: The propagation of flame over a surface. (See Section 6-2.)

Floor Area, Gross: Gross floor area shall be the floor area within the inside perimeter of the outside walls of the building under consideration with no deduction for hallways, stairs, closets, thickness of interior walls, columns, or other features. Where the term area is used elsewhere in this Code, it shall be understood to be gross area unless otherwise specified.

Floor Area, Net: Net floor area shall be the actual occupied area, not including accessory unoccupied areas or thickness of walls.

SL-8 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101 1665

Guard: A vertical protective barrier erected along exposed edges of stairways, balconies, etc.

Handra i l : A bar or pipe or similar member designed to furnish ~rsons with a handhold. (A handrail, if of suitable design, may also serve as part of a guard.)

Hazardous Areas: Areas of structures, buildings or parts thereof, used for purposes that involve highly combustible, highly flammable, or explosive products or materials which are likely to burn with extreme rapidity or which may produce poisonous fumes or gqSeS, including highly toxic, or noxious alkalies, acids, or other

uids or .chemicals, which involve flame, fume, expolsive, poisonous or |rrltant hazards; also uses that cause division of material into fine particles or dust subject to explosion or spontaneous combustion, and uses that constitute a high fire hazard because of the form, character, or volume of the material used.

Horizontal Exit: See Section 5-5.

Hospital: See 10--0005.

Hotel: See 11-0001.

Means of Egress: See 5-112.

Noncombustible: As applied to building construction, material means material which, in the form in which it is used, falls in one of the following groups (a) through (c) shall be accepted as noncombustible. No material shall be classed as noncombustible which is subject to increase in combustibility or flame spread rating beyond the limits herein established, through the effects of age, mois- ture, or other atmospheric condition. Flame spread rating as used herein refers to ratings obtained according to the Standard Test Method listed in Appendix B.

a. Materials no part of which will ignite and burn when subjected to fire.

b. Materials having a structural base of noncombustible material as defined in (a), with a surfacing not over 1/~ inch thick which has a flame spread rating not higher than 50.

¢. Materials, other than as described in (a) or (b), having a surface flame spread rating not higher than 25 without evidence of continued progressive combustion and of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any way would not have a flame spread rating higher than 25 without evidence of continued progressive combustion.

Nursing Homes: See 10-0005.

1666 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE

Occupancy : The purposefor which a building or portion thereof is used or intended to be used.

O c c u p a n t L o a d : The total number of persons that may occupy a building or portion thereof at any one time.

Outs ide Stairs: Outside stairs include stairs in which at least one • side is open to the outer air. See Section 5-4.

P l a t fo rm, Enclosed: See '8-1511. '

Pub i i c W a y : Anystreet , alley or other parcel,of land, essentially o en to the outside air, deeded, dedicated, or otherwise permanently aPpropriated to the public for public use and having a clear widt~ of not less than 10 feet.

R a m p : An inclined floor' surface.

• Resident ia l -Custodial Care Facil i ty: See 10-0005.

• R o o m i n g H o u s e s : See 11-0001. :

Self-Closing: Equipped with an approved device which will in- sure closing after having been opened.

Stage: See 8-1511.

Story: Tha t portion of a building included between the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or ro9f next above.

S t r e e t : Any public thoroughfare (street, avenue, boulevard) 30 feet or more in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use and is accessible for use by~ the f i re department in fighting fire. Enclosed spaces a n & tunnels, *even though used for vehicular and pedestrial traffic are not considered as streets for the purposes of the Life Safety Code. :

S t r e e t F l o o r : Any story or floor level accessible from the street or from outside the building at ground level, With floor level 'at main entrance not more than three risers above or below ground level at these points, and so a r ranged and .utilized as to qualify as the main floor. Where due to differences in street levels there are two or more stories accessible from the street, each is a street floor for the purposes of the Life Safety Code. " Where there is no floor level within the specified limits for a street floor above or below ground level, .the building shall be considered as having no street floor.

S t r . u c t u r e : Tha t which is built or constructed; The term structure shall be construed as if followed by the words "or portion thereof." (See Building.)

• U n i t : of Exit Width: See 5-1152. ,

SL-IO A M E N D M E N T S T O N F P A NO. 101 1667

Vertical Opening: An opening through a floor or roof.

Yard: An open, unoccupied space other than a court, unobstructed from the ground to the sky, except where specifically provided by the Life Safety Code, on t he lot on which a building is situated.

CHAPTF_~ 4. CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY

A N D HAZARD OF CONTENTS

3. d-l12. Amend the opening statement to read:

4--112.* Assembly (for requirements see Chapter 8.) Places of assembly include, but are not limited to, all buildings

or portions of buildings used for gathering together 50 or more persons in commercial places of assembly and 100 or more persons in noncommercial places of assembly. Places of assembly shall include those ,facilities used for such purposes as deliberation, worship, entertainment, amusement, or awaiting t r anspor t a t ion . . .

ft. 4-117. Amend heading to read:

4--117.* Business (for requirements see Chapter 13) and add "Gen- eral Business Offices" to the list given therein.

C~APTER 5. MEANS OF EGRESS

5. 5--17d2. Add the foUowing, new paragraph: . :

3-1142. No exit enclosure shall be used for any purpose, such as piping for flammable liquids or gases, which could interfere with its value as an exit.

6. 5-1/71. Add "and constructed" between "arranged" ahd "as," so it will read " . . . so arranged~ . and constructed a s : . to m i n i m i z e . . . "

7. 5- /2/5 . Delete asterisk and delete the se(ond sentence.

8. 5-122/*. Amend to read:

3-1221.* All exits shall terminate directly at a public way or at an exit discharge. Yards, courts, open spaces, or other portions of the exit discharge shall be of required width and size to provide all occupants with a safe access to a public way.

9. 5--/222. Amend the end of opening statement to read, " . . . provided all of the following are met :"

/0. 5-1222b. Amend the exception to read:

Exception:'The requirements o f 5-/222(b) may be waived i f the discharge area is a vestibule or foyer meeting all of the following, and where allowed in Chapters 8 through /6."

1668 REPORT OF COMMITTEF, ON SAFF, TY TO LIFE SL-I.~I

(1) The depth fiom the exterior of the building is not greater than lO.[eet and the length is not greater than 20feet. (2) The foyer is separated .from the remainder of the level o[ dis. charge by construction providing protection at least the equivalent of wired glass in steel .[rames. [3J The foyer serves only.[or means of egress including exits directly to the outside.

11. 5-1251. Amend to read: 5-1251. The flame spread of interior finish shall not exceed Class B in exit enclosures. Chapter 8 through 16 governing individual occupancies may impose further limitations.

12. ,5~2134;, Reletter subparts by changing "e" to "c" ; " c " to "d"; and d to e . Revise 5-2134c (formerly e) to read: ¢. The release "device is so designed that the door may be instantly released manually by some simple and readily obvious operation and, upon release, the door becomes self-closing, and . . .

13. 5-2153. Amend the second sentence to read: " . . . When the door discharges to the outside or to an exterior balcony, exterior exit, or exterior exit access, the floor level outside the door may be one step lower than the inside but not more than 8 inches lower."

14. 5-2161. Delete the parenthetic expression "(fire exit bolts)."

15. 5-2182. Add the word "also" between " i t " and "swings". Delete the words "mechanical or".

16. 5-2201. In the first line amend "as an exit door" to read "in a means of egress." Add to the end of the paragraph the following new sentence: "Such revolving door(s) shall be of approved type(s)."

17. 5-3161. Amend to read: 5-3161. Means of egress such as stairs, stair landings, balconies, ramps and aisles, located along the edge of open-sided floors and mezzanines, shall have guards to prevent falls over the open side. Each new stair, stair landing, and Class B ramp shall have hand rails on both sides.

Exception: Hand rails shall not be required on landings.

18. 5-317. Smokeproo.[ Towers. Amend as.[ollows: 5-3171.* A smokeproof tower shall be a stairway enclosure so designed that the movement into the smokeproof tower of products of combustion, produced by a fire occurring in any part of the building, shall be limited.

SL-12 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. I01 1669

5-3172. The appropriate design method shall be any system which meets the performance level stipulated in 5-3171, above, or that given in 5-3173 through 5-3178, below. Renumber as follows: 5-3173, Old 5-3771; 5-3174, Old 5-3772; 5-3175, Old 5-3173; 5--3176, Old 5-3174; 5-3177", Old 3?75*; and 5-3178, 0ld5-3776.

19. 5-4???. Amend "as a required exit" to read "in a means of egress."

20. 5-d727. Amend the second sentence to read: In buildings three stories or less in height, such protection need not be required where there is provided a remote second exit.

21. 5-5111. Delete the word "fire" in two places in the second line from the 1970 text. The beginning of the paragraph will then read: ~5111.* A horizontal exit is a way of passage from one building to an area of refuge in another building on approximately the same level, or a way of passage through or around a wall or partition to • . .

22. 5-5147. Add the words "buildings or" between "separating" and "areas," so it now reads: 5-5141. Walls or partitions separating buildings or a r e a s . . .

23. 5--617?. Delete the last sentence.

24. 5--622I. Amend the second Sentence to read: In buildings three stories or less in height, such protection need not be required where there is provided a remote second exit.

25. 5-10722. Amend the words "recognized good practice" to read "the appropriate standard listed in Appendix B."

26. 5--?0?24. Amend the words "may be used" to read "shall be permitted."

27. $--10211. Delete the asterisk and amend to read: 5--10211. In occupancies as specified in Chapters 8 through 16, emergency lighting facilities shall be provided for means of egress m that emergency lighting will be initiated automatically in the event of failure of normal lighting of the building.

Where maintenance of illumination depends upon changing from one energy source to another, there shall be no appreciable interruption of illumination during the changeover. Where emergency lighting is provided by a prime mover operated electric generator, a delay of not more than 10 seconds shall be permitted.

~. ~102t2. Amend by deleting the asterisk and appendix note and by substituting the words "buildings more than 120 feet in he ight" /or the words "hospitals and institutions."


29. 5-10213. Delete the asterisk and "Types .1, 2, or 3." . 30. 5-10214. Delete "except aspermit ted by 5-10223c, suitable for their intended use," and shall be" from the first sentence, and add three new sentences to read: Electric battery-operaied emergency lights shall use only reliable types of' "storage batteries, pro'~/ided with suitable facilities for maintenance in properly charged condition. Dry batteries shall not be used to satisfy these requirements. Electric storage batteries used in such lights or units shall be approved for their intended use and shall comply with the appropriate standard listed in Ap- pendixB. " '" - : : " . : ' . , . ' ,

31. 5-10215. Delete.

32. 5-1.0216. Delete. (Relofated to 5-10211.) ." .

3 3 . 5-1022. Amend the title to read "Emergency' Lighting System."

34. 5--10221." Add a n "asterisk and amend to read: 540221.* An emergency lighting system shall be so arranged as to provide the required illumination automatically in the event o f any interriaption of normal lighting, such as any failure of public utility or other outside electrical power supply; opening.gf.a circuit breaker or fuse, or any manual act(s), including accidentally opening of a switch controlling normaL, lighting facilities, :

35. 5-10222. Amend the beginning of the requirement to read:¶'An emergency lighting system shall . . ." ,~ :: :: 36. 5-/0223. Delete from th is portion oJ standard. (Moved" to appendix notes.) "

37. 5-?023. Delete.

38.~ 5-/02d. Delete. 39. 5-????3. Delete "that it may no tbe noticed."

40. 5- /?I2/ . .Dele te the entire last s e n t e n c e . . . -..

all. 5-1H22. Delete "Each" and" add " such" beJore'"as", It then will read." . . . . . . 5-11122. Internally illuhainated signs :~shall' be 'p rovided in all occupancie's ~vhere reducti0n of normal illumir/ati0n] is p drmitted, such as in motion picture theauZ~s. ' " . i '- " ; :~:

42. 5-11131. Add the following:exception:" " " " : "~" ;" 'Exception: Existing externally" i'llUmi'nated 'exit signs, having the word "exit" in plainly visible letters not less than 41//2 .inches high in existing buildings, other than in places of assembly, m ay~ be co'ntinued in use." " ' • ' " '


~ A number of editorial revisions to correct misuse of the terms "exit" ~d "means of egress" have been performed throughout-Chapter 5.

CHAPTER 6. FEATURES OF FIRE PROTECTION

M. 6-1: Perform the following' editorial revisions on Section 6--1.

a. 6--1111:" Separate ihe:exception from the requirement, so it now reads:

6--1111. Every stair~vay, elevator shaft, light and ventilation shaft, chute and other opening between stories shall be enclosed or protected to prevent the .spread of. fire or smoke. ,

Exception: Where:-Unenclosed openingsare specifically permitted by 6--1112 or by other sections of this "Code by reason of automatic sprinkler protection or.. other spedaI features.

b. 6-1112: Separate "the exc'eptionfor educational and institutional oc- ~upamies in this item from the remainder of the item, and edit the. opening paragraph to read as Jol.lows:

6--1112. In any building with low hazai-d "occupancy o r with ordinary hazard occupancy with automatic sprinkler protection, up to 3 communicating floor levels are permitted without enclosure protection between floors, provided all the following conditions are met: " .

Aro change in a, b, c, d, e, and f . . . . .

Exception: Openings in floors of educational and instituti'onal occupancies shall be enclosed as required in Chapters 9 ancl 10, respectively.

45. 6--1115". Delete. '

46. 6--1211. Amend the present paragraph to identify the'alternate method prescribed by. aVFPA Standard !3'(InJtallation of sp:rinkler Systems)for protection of nonexit escalator openings, and rearrange editorially, as follows:

6-12. SPECIAL PROyISIONS FOR ESCALATOR OPENINGs

6-1211. Any escalator serving as a required exit shall be enclosed in the same manner as exit stairs.

6-1212.* An escMator not constituting an exit shall have its floor opening enclosed or protected as required for other vertical openings.

Exception: In lieu of such.protection,, in buildings completely protected by a standard supervised sprinkler system in accordance with Section 6-4, escalator openings may be protected by any one of the methods as described in 6-122 through 6-125, or by the method prescribed by the appropriate NFPA sta~lard, listed in Appendix B.

1672 . ~ o R ~ O F C O M M I T T E E O N S A F E T Y T O L I F E S L - 1 5

47. 6--2172: Add an asterisk to this item number.

48. 6--4112: Add the.following newexception: Exception: Where-the detection of. the products of combustion other than heat is required by some prov~s|on ~ this.Code.

49. 6-5712. Amend this item by'reurtiting it as follows; ,, : re uired by provisions of Chapters 6-5tt2.~ Except where otherwise q ,,

8 through 16, hazarclous ~)perations or storage shall be separated from o the r portions of the biai ldingby walls, partitions, floor assemblies and ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. Doorways shall be equipped with approved self-closing or automatic-closing fire doors with a fire protection rating of not less'than one hour. • , . ,, 50. Reorganize and amend Section 6-6as .follows(changes .from present requirements indicated by vertical li~, in the margin): ~ ~

SECTION 6-6,* SMOKE PARTITIONS

6-611.* Any smoke partition required by subsequent portions of this Code, shall be constructed of noncombusuble materzals and shall form an effective membrane, continuous from outside wall to outside wall and from floor slab to floor slab thereby including continuity through' all concealed spaces, such as those found above a suspended ceiling, and including interstitial spaces.

Exception jVo 1: In buildings of combustible and.ordinary construction, smoke partitions may be oJ combustible construction. Exception 3fo. 2: Where the occupancy chapters o.f this Code have additional special requirements. '

6-612. Smoke partitions shall have openings only for ingress and e ress and for building Service 'equipnaent. D0orways" shall be g . . . . - , - =':----~o--~-'*~,~';~rovi~ions'of 6-613, ~nizl any openings urotecteo Oy QOuta --t~--"5 "" r" . - • •

~ , h ~ , hnilflin~ service equipment pierces me 'partmons shall c'lo~ed. ~rransfcr grills, whether equipped with fusible hnk-re]easea dampers or not, shall not be used in these partitions. ~'

6-613.* Doors in Smoke Partitions. ' il ' -

6-6131. Doors in required smoke partitions shall be of a swinging type and shall have a fire protection rating of at leas t 20 minutes.

Exception: Existing doors previouslyaccepted as the •equivalent o.f metal, metal-covered wood, 13/~-inch solid bonded wood core, or approved fire retardant treated wood construction, sha!l be perm(tte d.

6-6132. Any glass panels in doors in smoke partitions shall be of transparent wired glass mounted in steel frames. •

SL--16 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101 1673

6--6133. Doors in smoke partitions shall be kept normally closed or shall be self-closing i n the presence of smoke, as well as upon the application of a manual 50-pound pulling force against the hold-open device.

6-6134. Doors in smoke partitions shall dose the opening with only the clearance necessary for proper operation under self-closing.

6.6135. Doors in smoke partitions shall be without undercuts, louvers, or. grills.

6-6136. Doors in smoke partitions shall not incorporate locking devices ff comprising a required (or required alternate) component of a means of egress.

al. Section 6-7: This newly numbered section is simply an editorial re- arrangement which presents those requirements for fire doors separately from those for doors in smoke partitioni. The section will then read:

SECTION 6-7. FIRE DOORS 6-711.* Any fire door, installed in accordance with the requirements of this Code shall be of an approved type. The fire protection rating of any fire door shall be as measured in accordance with the appropriate standard listed in Appendix B. Each fire door shall be appropriate for the location in which it is installed.

6-712. Any swinging fire dobr and any door in stair enclosure walls designed to prevent the spread of fire shall be provided with approved positive latching means to hold it in the closed position against the pressure of expanding fire gases.

CHAPTER 8. PLACES O F ASSEMBLY

52. 8-111: Rearrange and amend, as follows (actual changes in content ate shown by vertical lines in margin):

8-111. Location of Places of Assembly.

8-1111. The location 'of a place of assembly shall be limited as follows: a. In a building of fire-resistive construction, a Class A, B ' o r C place of assembly shall: be permitted at the level of exit discharge and in any story above the level of exit discharge. b. In buildings of heavy timber, protected noncombustible, protected ordinary and protected wood-frame construction, a Class B or Class C place of assembly shall be permitted at the level of exit discharge. c. In buildings of noncombustible, ordinary and wood-frame construction, a Class, C plac e of assembly shall be permitted a t the level of exit d i s c h a r g e . .


d. In buildings of any type construction, a Class A, B or C place of assembly shall bc .permitted in any story below the level of exit discharge if the story in which the place of assembly and any story intervening between that story and the level of exit discharge arc provided with complete automatic sprinkler protection.

If there is any opening between the level of discharge and the exits serving the place of assembly, the level of discharge shall also bc sprinklcrcd. 8-1112. The level of exit discharge shall be measured' at the point of principal entrance to the building. 8-1113. Where the principal entrance to a place oI assembly is via a depressed terrace, the tcrracc shall bc at least as wide as the exit which it serves, but not less than 5.feet wide, and it shall bc increased in width by 50 percent of any other exits tributary thcrcto. The level of the terrace shall bc considered the level of exit discharge for the purpose of 8-I 111 above.

53. 8-1121: Amend by ir~erting "roof top places of assembly" after the word"'storcs". " ....... : : ' 54. 8-1131. Add an asterisk and amend the opening paragraph of the definition to read: 84131.* Definition o`f Places of Assembly: Places of assembly include, but are not limited to, all buildings or portions of buildings used for gathering together 50 or more persons in commereia! places of

I assembly and 100 or more persons in noncommercial places of assembly. Places of assembly shall include those facilities used for such purposes as deliberation, worship, entertainment, amusement, or awaiting transportation . . . . .

55. 8-1132. Amend by adding to "Class C, Capacity 100 to 300 persons" the`following: "or 50 to 300 in commercial places of assembly."

56. 8-1136. Amend through the word "shall" to read: Every room constituting a place of assembly and not having fixed seats s h a l l . . .

57. 8-1223: Amend parenthetic expression by adding "or 50 to 300, if commercial." -- 58: 8-1261. l~elete.. . "having a n occupancy load Of more than 1 0 0 " . . . 59. 8-1271c(2): Add the.following new sentence~ "There shall be not more tlaan 5'seat rows between pairs of doors."

60. 8-1272g: Amend by ending the basic requirement after ". ". Class A stairs as to rise and tread." Add the`following new exception:

Exception: In balconies and galleries rise and tread shall be as `for Class A or Class B stairs, but one tread in each seatplat`form width

SL-18 A M E N D M E N T S T O N F P A NO. 101 1675

may have a greater width to accommodate access to seats. Seating platforms shall be of uniform width.

61. 8-1281: Amend emergency lighting requirements for consistency with amended chapter 5, by amending the second sentence, as follows: , , . . . All Class A and Class B places of assembly shall be provided with emergency lighting."

Exception: Churches of Glass B or Class C, used exclusively Jor religious worship, shall not be required to have emergency h'ghting.

62. 8-4113.: .Add the foUowing new paragraph:

84113. Any place of assembly used for exhibition or display purposes shall be equipped with a complete automatic fire extin-

ishing system, when the exhibition or display area exceeds 15,000 square feet. A storage room having an ecnclosure with a fire resistance rating of at least two hours and protected by an auto- marie fire extinguishing system shall be provided for combustible materials not on display. -.

C H A P T E R 9. E D U C A T I O N A L O C C U P A N C I E S

63. 9-141t: Amend by deleting "Type I emergency exit illumination" and adding "emergency lighting."

64. 9-1622: Revise this item to read as follows:

9-1622. Any interior corridor more than 300 feet in length shall be divided into sections not to exceed 300 feet in length by smoke partitions installed in accordance with Section 6~-6.

65. 9-2114: Add the following new definition:

9-2114: Common Atmosphere: A common atmosphere exists between rooms, spaces or areas within a building, which are not separated by an approved smoke partition.


9-2115. Separa te Atmosphere . A separate atmosphere exists between rooms, spaces or areas, tha t are separated by an approved smoke pa~'tition: :,


9-2116. Smoke Part i t ion. (See Section 6-6) For purposes of this Section, smoke parti t ions shall also include floors a n d Openings therein. ~ '

68. 9-2!17: Add the following new definition: 9-2117. Room. For the purposes of this section, a room is a space or area bounded by any obstructions to egress which at any time enclose more than 80 percent of the perimeter of the space or area.

1 6 7 6 ---oRT oF on . F ~ SL-19

~)penings of less than 3 feet clear width and less than 6 feet 8 inches figh shall not be considered in computing the unobstructed per- meter.

~9. 9--2118" Add the following new definition: ~-2118. Interior Room. A room whose only means of egress is through an adjoining or interven!ng room which is not an,emt.

70. 9-2119: Add the foUowing n e w definition: ' 9-2119. Separate Means of Egress. A means Of egress.separated in such a manner from other required means of egress as to provide an atmospheric separation which precludes contamination of both means of egress by the same fire. (See Section 6-6.)

71. 9-2121: Revise editorially, as follows, based on changes in Chapter 6:

9-2121. Flexible plan. and open plan buildings shall no t exceed 30,000 square feet in undivided area. A solid wall or smoke partition (Section 6-6) shall .be provided at maximum intervals of 300 feet and openings insuch walls or partitions shall comply with 6-613.

72. 9-213. Delete 9-213 and 9-2131 and replace with the .following new material: 9-213. General Provisions 9-2131. The specific requirements of this section are not intended to prevent the design or use of other systems, equipment or tech- niques which will effectively prevent the products of combustion from breaching the atmospheric separation. 9-2132. The provisions of this subsection shall apply only to the requirements for providing separate atmospheres. The fire-resistance requirements shall comply With other provisions of the Code. a. Walls, partitions and floors forming all of or part of an atmospheric separation shall be of materials consistent with the requirements for the type of construction, but of Construction not less effective than a smoke partition. Glass lights of approved wired glass set in steel frames may be installed in such walls or partitions. b. Every door opening therein shall be protected with a fire assembly as required elsewhere in the Code, but not less than a self-closing or automatic-closing, tight-fitting smoke assembly having a fire-protection rating of not less than 20 minutes. c. Ducts penetrating atmospheric separation walls, partitions or floors, shall be equipped with an approved automatic-closing smoke damper when having openings into more than'one atmosphere,, or the atmospheric separation shall be maintained by an approved method of smoke control.


d. All automatic-closing fire assemblies installed in the atmospheric separation shall be activated by approved detectors of products of combustion other than heat. ," ~, e. Jani tor closets and storage rooms shall be constructed of materials having one-hour fire resistance. Stages and enclosed platforms shall be constructed in accordance with Chapter 8.

Exception: Doors "to janito~ closets'may have ventilating louvers.

73. 9-214. Delete 9-214 and 9-2141, and replace with the following new material:

9-214. Means of Egress

9-2141. "Each roo m occupled by more than 300 persons shall have one of its exit accesses through a separate means of egress.. Where three or, more means Of egress are required, not more than two of them shall enter into the same means of egress.

9-2142. Means of egress from interior rooms may pass through an adjoining or ~ an intervening 'room, provided that the travel distances d o not exceed those set forth in Section 9=215.

Foyers and lobbies constructed as required for corridors shall not be consfrtied as intervening rooms. :- '

Where the only means of egress from a room is through an adjoining or intervening room; di~tectors ofproducts of combustion other than heht shall be installed in the a r e a o f the common:atmosphere through which the means of egress /nust pass. The detectors shall actuate "alarms audible in the interior room and shall be connected to the school fire alarm system.

Exception No. 1: Where the aggregate occupant load ofthe interior room or rooms is less than tO. Exception No. 2: Where enclosures forming interior rooms, are less than 2/3 of the.floor to ceiling height and do not exceed 8feet. Exception aVo. 3: Interior rooms used exclusively for mechanical and public utility service to the buildings.

74. 9-215: Add new item as follows: .

9-215. Travel Distance to Exits

9-2151. No point in a building'~hall be more than 150 feet from an exit, measured in accordance with 5-119.

Exception: An increase in the above travel distance to 200feet shall be permitted in a building fully protected by either an automatic fire extinguishing system in accordance with Section 6-4 "or by an automatic detection system designed to detect products of combustion other than heat in accordance with 6-3 ~nd the appropriate standard listed in Appendix B.

1678 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE S L - 2 1

75. Amend the numbering as follows: . . . . . . . . . ~x~.-a "~161. told 9-2151") (Revise appendix asterisk) ; 9 - z l o , ( --.2 . . . . . . . ,~ n-2161~. 9-2172, (old 2162) ; 9-218, 9-217, (old 9-210) ; ~ - z l / t , kotff ~- . ! , _ . . . . . . . ,~lq~x (old 9-217) ; 9-2181, (old 9-2171) ; and 9-zlt~z, (ota ~-~,,,.J.

76. Revise Chapter 10 as Jollows: (The following is a complete presentation of Chapter 10, but only those

items with vertical lines in the margin are subject to consideration by the

Association.)

C H A P T E R 10. I N S T I T U T I O N A L OCCUPANCIES 10-0001. Insti tutional buildings are those used for purposes such as medical or other t reatment or care of persons suffering f rom physical or mentxd illness, disease or infirmity; for the care of in- fants; convalescents or aged persons; and for penal or correct ive

oses Inst i tut ionaF buildings provide sleeping facilities for the purp • - . . . . . :--~ ~ . . . . ersons who are mostly mca.p.a.ble

a n t s ancl a r e oct;ulJt~u ~'Y t" occup ' .~ . . . . . . ~.;o;~al or mental dxsabfllty, of self-preservauon oecause 9I.aS~,).tL'~j[~'~h e o cuoants ' control. or because of security measures, not U ~ c ~ l~ous °c or:in which care is

Buildings or sections of buildings w , " red to mental patients who are capable of average j u d g m e n t

rende • n c conditions, • kin action for self-prese.rvauon under e.merge Y. , ,_. .~._ m taJ g . • _t - - - ~ o , ~ , , t medical authori ty approveu uy ut~ in the opmxon ot t.o.-..e,~k'--~. " " - . . . . . . Aer other sections oi state agency having jur lsmcuon, may ~:om . . . . . . this Code instead of Section 10-1.

Sections of institutional buildings ma.y come under other occupancy classifications regarding exit reqmrements if these areas are not used to house institutional occupants, or are not areas in which these persons are treated or tO which they have normal access, or which serve as a means of egress for them.

Inst i tut ional bui ldings comprise three groups; groups a. and b. are treated together in Chapter 10 and g r o u p c. is considered

separately : a. Heal th Care Facilities (Hospitals and Nursing Homes) b. Residential-Custodial Care (Nurseries, Homes for the Aged,

Mental ly Retarded Care Institutions, etc.) c. Residential-Restrained Care (Penal Institutions, Reforma-

tories, Jails, etc.) See Section 10-3.

10-0002 . Insti tutional occupancies shall include a l l buildings or parts thereof with occupancy as described in 1 0 - 0 0 0 1 .

10-0003 . All institutional buildings sha l l be so designed, constructed, mainta ined, 'and operated as to minimize the possibility of a fire emergency requiring the evacuation of occupants. Because the ~¢,~t,, nf nccunants of institutional buildings cannot be assured

SL-22 1679 '~ AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101

adequately by dependence on evacuation of the building, their protection from fire shall be provided by appropriate arrangement of facilities, adequate staffing, and careful development of operating and maintenance procedures composed of the following:

a . Proper design, construction, and compartmentation;

b . Provisions for detection, alarm, and .extinguishment; and

¢. Fire prevention and "the planning, training, and drilling in programs for the isolation o f fire and transfer of occupants to areas of refuge o r evacuation of the building.

10-0004. It is recognized that in buildings housing various types of psychiatric patients, or.used as penal institutions, it may be necessary to lock doors ~/nd bar. windows that are equipped to confine and protect building inhabitants. Other sections of this Code requiring the keeping of exits finl0cked may be waived b y the authority having jfirisdicti.bn. It is ~als0 reCognized that some p.~ychiatric patients 'are not capable of seeking safety" withofit guidance. In buildings in which doors are locked or Windows are 'barred, provisions shall be made for the rapid removal of occupants by such reliable means as: theremdte'control Of locks, or by keying all locks to keys carried by attendants.

10-0005. Definitio"s

a. Hospital - - a building or part thereof used for the medical, psychiatric, obstetrical or surgical care, on a 24-hour basis, of 4 or more inpatients. Hospital, wherever used in this Code, shall include general hospitals, mental hospitals, tuberculosis hospitals, children's hospitals, and any such facilities providing inpatient care.

b. Nursing/-/0me h a building or part thereof used for the lodging, boarding and nursingcare, on a 24-hour basis, ~/f 4 or more persons who, because of mental Or physical incapacity, may be unable to provide for their own needs and safety Without the assistance of another person. Nursing Home, wherever used in this. Code; shall include nursing and convalescent homes, skilled_nursing facilities, intermediate care facilities, and infirmaries of homes for the aged .

¢. Residential-Custodial Care Facility - - a building, or-part thereof, used for the lodging or boarding, of 4 or more persons who are in- capable of self-preservation because of age, or physical or mental limitation.'" This includes facilities such as Homes~for the Aged, Nurseries ,(eust6dial care for children under 6 years of age), and Mentally Retarded. Care Institutions. Day care facilities that do not provide lodging or boarding for institutional occupants are not covered in this section of the Code.

1680 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E O N S A F E T Y T O L I F E 8L-~23

SECTION 10-1. NEW HOSPITALS, NURSING HOMES AND RESIDENTIAL.CUSTODIAL CARE OCCUPANCIES

10-111. Application 10-1111. This Section establishes !ife safety requirements for hospitals, nursing homes, and residential-custodial care institutions. Where requirements vary, the specific occupancy, such as Hospital, Nursing Home, Nursery, Residential-Custodial Care Institution , Home for the Aged, or Mentally Retarded Care Institution, is named ' in : the paragraphpertaining therein. :See Chapter 17 for Operating Features. 10-112. New Construction, Additions, Conversions 10-1121. "Anyadditi6n shall be separated fr0m, ,any existing non- conforming'structure b y a'nonco.mbusub!e fir.e pa~..uUon_h~av~ng at

_ "- ,,~ ~i,:~ ' istahce" raun~ t~ommumcaual~ u V ~ , , , , , 5 o u i least a 2-h " ,~ . . . . . . . . . . . . sh • - , . --: "," ~:-- - -~ : - : ^ - ~t, q l occur only m comdors and all SLICII O l V l e t l n ~ H i t ; [ J a t U U U L A "?~A~ -- . . .: ~ . - ,~ . , ~, ,* t,o ~,,,~de¢~rl~b~ ~ ' a o n r o ~ e d Self-cldsing tire o0or. Except where p ro~o~"~mee~Ag dle'rcquir~ments of 5=:2134 .and 10-:1245 are made for such doors, they are intended normally to be kept closed. Unless these, doors are imqui#ed exif#., they are n6ti.~equired to swing with exit" travel as specified in 5'--21212

10-1122. Any building converted to these occupancies shall comply with all requirements for new facilities . . . . .

10-1123. See Section 2-2 for ' l ife safety provisions during construction. 10-113. Occupancy and Occupant Load 10-1131. Institutional Occupancies in buildings housing other occupancies shall .be completely separated from them by noncombustible construction having at least ~a 2-'l~our fire-resistance rating. All means of egress f r o m institutional occupancies .that traverse noninstitutional spaces shall conform tO requirements of this standard for institutional occupancies. AnY occupancy With a hazard of contents classified higher than th at of t h e institution- and located in the same building as institutional occupancies shall be protected as required in Section 10-1371. Industrial, office, mercantile and storage occupancies classified as high-hazard shall not be permitted in buildings housing institutional occupancms.

10-1132. Sections of instimtionai~building s m a y ' b e classified as other occupancies if they meet aii Of the, following c0nditions: a. They are not intended .to serve institUtional occupants for purposes of housing,, treatment, customary access, or means of egress. ~ ~-

SL-24 168.1 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101

b. They are adequately separate@ from areas of institutional occupancies by construction having a 2-hour fire resistance rating.

10--1133.* Auditoriums, chapels, staff residential areas, garages or similar occupancies provided in connection with institutions shall have exits provided in accordance with other applicable sections of this Code.

10--1134. The occupant load for which means of egress shall be provided for any floor shall be the maximum number of persons intended to occupy that floor but not less than 1 person for each 120 square feet gross floor area in institutional sleeping departments and not less than 1 person for each 240 square feet of gross floor area of inpatient institutional treatment departments. Gross floor areas shall be measured within the exterior building walls with no deduc- tions. (See Chapter 3.)

10-12. EXIT DETAILS

10-121. Number and Types

10-1211.* Exits shall be restricted to the following permissible types:

a. Doors leading directly outside the building (see 10-124) b. Stairs and smokeproof towers (see 10-125) ¢. Ramps(see 10-127)

d. Horizontal exits (see 10-126)

e. Outside stairs (see Section 5-4)

f. Exit Passageways (see Section 5-7)

10-1212. At least 2 exits of the above types, remote from each other, shall be provided for each floor or fire section of the building. At least 1 exit in each floor or fire section shall be as indicated in 10-1211 a, b, e, or f.

10-1213. Revolving doors shall not ,be counted as required exits, and shall not be installed except as specificaRy stated in Section 5-2. Elevators constitute a supplementary facility, but are not counted as required exits.

10-122. Capac i ty of Exits

10-1221.* The capacity of any required exit shall be based on its width in units of 22 inches as defined in 5-115. The capacity of exits providing travel by means of stairs shall be 22 persons per exit unit; and exits providing travel without stairs, such as doors or horizontal exits, shall be 30 persons per exit unit.

1 6 8 2 . SL-25

Exception: The capacity of exits in Institutional Occupancies equipped throughout with an approved automatic extinguishing system may be increased to 35 persons per exit unit for travel by means ¥ stairs, and to 45 persons per exit unit for travel without stairs.

10-123. Access to Exit

10-1231. Every aisle, passageway, corridor, exit discharge, exit location and access shall be in accordance with Section 5-1, except as modified in the following paragraphs.

10-1232. Travel distance (a) between any room door intended ras exit access and an exit shall not exceed 100 feet; (b) between any point in a room and an exit shall not exceed 150 feet; (c) between any p o i n t in an institutional sleeping room or suite arm an exit access door of that room or suite shall not exceed 50 feet. Travel distance shall be measured in accordance with 5-119.

Exception: The travel distances in (a) or (b) above may be increased by 50 feet in buildings completely equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system.

10-1233. Every institutional sleeping room, unless it has a door opening to the ground,-_ahall have an exit access door leading directly to a corridor which~eads to an exit. One adjacent room such as a sitting or anteroom may intervene if all doors along the path of exit travel are equipped with nonlockable hardware, except as provided in 10-1242, and this intervening room is not intended to serve more than 8 institutional sleeping beds.

Exception: Special nursing suites permitted in 70-1237 shall not be limited to 8 beds or bassinets.

10-1234. Aisles, corridors and ramps required for exit access or exit in_a hospital or nursing home shall be at least 8 feet in clear and unobstructed width except that corridors and ramps in adjunct areas not intended, for the housing, treatment, or use of inpatients, may be a min imum of 6 feet in clear and unobstructed width. Aisles, corridors and ramps required for exit access or exit in a :residential- custodial care institntion shall b e at least 6 feet in clear and unobstructed width.

10-1235. Any room and any suite of rooms, as permitted in 10-1233, of more than 1,000 square feet shall have at legist 2 exit access doors remote from each other.

10-1236. Every exit or exit access shall be so arranged that no corridor or aisle has a pocket or dead end exceeding 30 feet.

10-1237. Any institutional sleeping room which complies with the requirements previously set forth in this section may be subdivided


with nonfire-rated, noncombustible partitions, provided, that the arrangement allows for direct and constant visual supervision by nursing personnel. Rooms which are so subdivided shall not exceed 5,000 square feet.

10-124. Doors 10-1241. Doors shall be in accordance with Section 5-2, except as modified below. For door requirements in horizontal exits and smoke partitions see 5-514, 6-6, 10-126, 10-131 and 10-231.

10-1242. Locks installed on institutional, sleeping room doors shall be so arranged that they can be locked only from the corridor side, except, such doors leading directly to the outside of the building may be subject to locking from the room side. All such locks, except those permitted in 10-0004, Shall be arranged to permit exit from the room by a simple operation without the use of a key.

Exception: Doors in homes for the aged may be lockable by the occupant iJ they can be unlocked from the opposite side, and keys are carried by attendants at all times.

10-1243. Exit access doors from hospital and nursing home sleeping rooms, diagnostic and treatment rooms or areas such as X-ray, surgery and physical therapy, all doors between these spaces and the required exits, and all exit doors serving these spaces shall be at least 44 inches wide. Doors to residential-custodial sleeping rooms and doors to nursery sleeping rooms and all exit doors serving thes e spaces shall be at least 36 inches wide.

Exception No. 1: 'Exit doors which are so located as not to be subject to use by any institutional occupant may be not less than 28 inches wide.

Exception .No. 2: Doors in exit:stair end.osures shall benot less'than 36 inches wide.

10-1244.* Any door in a fire separation, horizontal exit or a smoke partition may be held open only by an electrical device which complies with 5-2134.

Each of the following systems shall be so arranged as to initiate the self-closing action, by zone or throughout the entire institutional occupancy: a. The required manual alarm system (10-1361), and b. The required and approved automatic fire detection system (10-1362), and c. An approved automatic fire extinguishing system, if provided.

10-1245. Doors in stair enclosures and in walls surrounding hazardous areas shall not be equipped with hold-open devices.

16.84 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO L I F E SL-27

10-125. Stairs, Smokeproof Towers

10-1251. Every stair and smokeproof tower shall be in accordance with Section 5-3, shall be Class A, and shall be constructed as described in 10-1323.

Exception: Stairs that do not connect to a corridor, do not connect more than two levels and do not serve as a means of egress, need not comply with these regulations.

10-126. Hor izonta l Exits

10-1261.* A horizontal exit shall be in conformance with Section 5-5 except as modified below. a. At least 30 net square feet per occupant in a hospital or nursing home or 15 net square feet per occupant in a residential-custodial care institution shall be provided on each side of the horizontal exit for the total number of occupants in adjoining compartments.

b. A single door may be used as a horizontal exit if it serves one direction only and is at least 44 inches wide for a hospital or nursing home or at least 36 haches wide for residential-custodial care institutions. The swing shall be in the direction of exit travel.

c. A horizontal exit in a hospital or nursing home in a corridor 8 feet or more in width serving as a means of egress from both sides of the doorway shall have the opening protected by a pair of swinging doors, each door to be a minimum of 44 inches wide and swinging in the opposite direction from the other. d. A horizontal exit in a residential-custodial care institution in a corridor 6 feet or more in width serving as a means of egress from both sides of the doorway shall have the opening protected by a pair of swinging doors, each door to be a minimum of 32 inches wide and swinging in the opposite direction f rom the other. e. An approved vision panel is required in each horizontal exit door. Center mullions are prohibited.

10-127. Ramps

10-1271. Ramps shall b e in accordance with Section 5-6, and shall be Class A and shall not exceed 6 feet in vertical dimension between top and bottom floor elevations; a Class B ramp may be used where the height of the r amp is 1 foot or less. R a m p width shall be as specified in 10-1234. . . . . . ,

10-128. Emergency Lighting, Exit Markings, Alarms and Com- munication Systems

10-1281.* Each hospital shall be provided with emergency lighting as described in Section 5-10 and exit markings as described in

SL-28 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. t01 I685

Section 5-11. Such emergency lighting and the illumination of required exits and directional signs shall be supplied by the Life Safety Branch of the hospital electrical system as described in Chapter 3, NFPA No. 76A, (1971), Standard for Essential Elec- trical Systems for Hospitals. The Life Safety Branch shall also serve alarms, emergency communication systems and the illumination of generator set locations as described in paragraphs (c), ( d ) and (e), Section 312 of the same reference. ~,

10-1282. Each: nursing home and residential-custodial care facility shall have emergency lighting in accordance with Section 5-10.

Exception: Emergency lighting, with at least one hour duration shall be provided.

10-1283. Ex.it, signs, shall be provided.in each nursing home and residential-custodial care facility in accordance with Section 5±11.

10-1284. Any alarm system(s) and any detefitibn system(s) re- uired in any insftutional _occupancy shall be provided with an ternative power supply in accordance with Section 220, NFPA

72A, 1972, Standar d for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Local Protective Signaling System s .

10-13. PROTECrXON

10-131.*, Subdivision of Bui ld ing Spaces -

10-1311. Sm okc P a r t i t i ons Required. Smoke partitions shall be provided, regard.less of building construction type, as follows: a. To div, ide i n t o a t least.two compartments every~ story used by inpatients for.slee[iing o r treatment and any story having an occupant loa'd O f 50 or.more persons (see 10-:1134),iand b. To limit on any story the maximum area, of each smoke compartment to no more than 22,500 square feet, of-which both length or width shall be no more than 150'0".

Exception: Protection may be accomplished i n ,conjunction with the provisions of horizontal exits. ,

10--1312. Smoke partitions shall be provided on stories' which are usable but unoccupied.

10-1313. Any smoke partitio n shall be construe.ted in accordance with Section 6-6 and shall hard a fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour . . . . . .

10-1314. A t least 30 net square fee't per o~cupant for the total of bed or litter patients shall be provided on each side of the smoke partition: On other stories .not housing bed or litter patients at least six net square feet per occupant shall be provided on each side

1686 REPOI~T. OF COMMI~EE ON SAFETY TO LIFE SL--29

of the smoke partition for the total number of occupants i n adjoining [ compartments. 10-1315. Corridor Openings in smoke partitions shall be protected .by a pair of swinging doors, each door. tosw)ng i n a direction opposite from the other. The minimum wlctm ox each ooor matt De as follows: ~ a. Hospitals and nursing homes: 44 inches. b. Residential;custodial care institutions: 32 inches.

10-1316. DoOrs in smoke partitions shall comply with 6-613 and shall be self-closing and held open only if they meet the requirements of 10-1244. 10-1317. Vision panels of approved transparent wired glass in steel frames not exceeding 720 square inches shall be provided in all doors in smok e partit!ons. , ' ,. '10-1318. Rabbets, bevels, or astragals are required at the meeting eclge~, and stops are required on the head and sides of door frames in:smoke partitions. Positive latching hardware is not required. Center mullions are prohibited. '

10-132.* Minimum Construction Standards

10-1321. Institutional buitdings o f l story in-height only may be constructed of protected n.oncombustible..c°nstrucfi,°n" fire-~'rXSative e construction, protected ordmary construcuon, protec~eu wuuu t ~lttu construction, heavy timber construction, or unprotecteo noncombustible construction. (See 10-136 for automatic sprinkler requirements.) For the purpose of 10-1321 and 10-1322, stories shall be counted starting at the' lowest floor of exit discharge. All levels below the story of exit discharge:shall be separated from the floor of exit discharge by at least protected noncombustible construction.

10-1322. Institutional buildings 2 stories or more in l~eight shall be of at least fire-resistive construction. ' ~

Exception: Institutional buildings up to and including three stories in height, may" be constructed Of protected noncombustible construction if equipped throughout with an approved automatic extiizguishing system.

10-1323. Institutional' occupancies tWO or more stories in height shall have enclosure walls of noncombustible materials having a fire resistance rating of at least two hours around stairways, elevators, chutes, and other vertical openings, between fl00 rs. , For other exceptions, see 10-125!. , . . . , ' : .':':~

Exception: The fire resistance rating' of,enclosures in institutional occupancies equipped throughout with an approved automatic, extinguishing


system may be reduced to one hour in buildings up to, and including, three stories.

10-1324. All interior walls and partitions in buildings of fire- resistive and noncombustible ,construction shall be composed of noncombustible materials." '

10-1325.* Every institutional sleeping room shall have an outside window or outside door arranged and located so that it can be opened from the inside without the use of tools or keys to permit the venting of products of combustion and to permit any occupant to have direct access to fresh air in case of emergency. (See 10--0004 for detention screen requirements.) The maximum allowable sill height shall not exceed 36 inches above the floor.

Exception .No. 1: The window sill in special nursing care areas may be 60 inches above the floor.

Exception Aro. 2: Rooms intended Jor occupancy of less than 24 hours, ouch as those housing obstetrical labor beds, recovery beds, observation beds in the emergency departmeni and newborn nurseries, need not comply with this section.

10-133. Construction of Corridor Walls.

10-1331". Corridors shall be separated from use areas by partitions having a fire-resistive rating of at least one hour. These walls shall be continuous from the floor slab to the underside of the floor or roof slab above, through any concealed spaces such as those above the suspended ceilings and through interstitial structural and mechanical spaces. Doors with a 20-minute fire protection rating shall be used on openings other than those serving exits or hazardous areas. Doors shall be provided with latches of a type suitable for keeping the door tightly closed and acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Transfer grills, whe ther protected by fusible link-operated dampers or not, shall not I~ used in these walls or doors. Fixed wired glass vision panels may be placed in corr idor walls, provided they do not exceed 1,296 square inches in size and are installed in approved steel frames. Fixed wired glass' vision panels may be installed in wood doors, provided the~, do not exceed 720 square inches in size and are installed in approved steel frames.

Exception No. 1: In institutional occupancies equipped throughout with an approved automatic extinguishing system, corridors may be separated

from use areas by smoke, partitions in accordance with 6-6, except that doors in such partitions may be one and one-quarter inches thick. Doors shall be equipped with latches for keeping the doors tightly closed and may be provided with glass vision panels without restriction.

1688 REPORT ~ OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO L I F E SL-31

Exception No. 2: Waiting areas oJ 250 square.feet or less on an institutional sleeping floor may be open to the corridor, provided that they are located to permit direct supervision by the institutional staff. Such areas shall" be equipped with an electrically supervised automatic fire detection system actuated by smoke or products oJ combustion other than heat and installed in accordance u3ith 10--1362. Not more than one such waiting area is permitted in each smoke compartment. Exce tion No. 3: Waiting areas of 600 square Jeer Or.less on floors other thafi~nstitutional sleepbig floors may be open to the'corridor, provided that they 'are located to permit direct supervision by the'in'stitutibnal staff and so arranged as not to obsiruct any access tO" required exits. Such areas shall be protected by an electrically supervised automatic fire detection system actuated by smoke or other products of combustion other than heat and installed in accordance with 10-1362. Exception No. 4: Space ]or doctors' and nurses' charting, communications, and clericalareas may be open to the corridor.

10-134. Protection'of Vertical Openings and Firestopping 10-1341. Any stairway, ramp, eievator shaft, light and ventilation shaft, chute and other openings between stories shall be enclosed with noncombustible materials and in 'accordance with 6-1111, 6-1113 6-1114, and 10-1323. A door in a stairway enclosure shall be self-closing, shall normally be kept in closed position and shall be marked in accordance with 5-2133. 10-1342. Firestopping shall be provided in accordance with 6-1311.

i0-135. Interior Finish 10-1351. Interior finish of walls and ceilings in means of egress and of any room shall be Class A in accordance with Section 6-2.

Exception .No. 7: Walls and ceilings may be oJ Class B materials in individual rooms oJ not.over Jour persons in capacity. Exception .No. 2: The provisions of Section 6-2, permitting a class oJ interior finish with a higher flamespread in buildings with automatic

• sprinklers, shall not apply for institutional occupancies.

10-1352. Floor finish material shall be Class A or B throughout all hospit.als, nursing homes and residential'cu st°dial care facilities.

Exception ~fo. l: The provisions oJ Section 6-2, permitting a class oJ interior finish with a higher flamespread in buildings with automatic sprinklirs, shall 'not apply to floor finish material in institutional occupancies. Excebtion ~fo. 2: Tongue and groove wood flooring, one-halJ inch thick or greater, shall be permitted in institutional buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic extinguishing system.


10-156. Alarm, Detection; and Extinguishment Systems 10-1361". Every building shall have a n electrically supervised, manually operated fire alarm system, in accordance with Section 6-3, except that pro-signal systems shall 'not be permitted in institutional occupancies. The fire alarm system shall be installed to transmit an alarm automatically to the fire department that is legally committed.to serve the area in which the institution is located, by the most direct and reliable method approved by local regulations. Internal audible alarm devices shall be provided in accordance with Section 6-3.

10-1362. An approved automatic fire detection system which responds to products of combustion other than heat shall be installed in all corridors of hospitals, nursing homes, and residential-custodial care facilities. Such systems shall be installed in accordance with the applicable standards listed in Appendix B, but in no case shall the detectors be spaced further apar t than 30 feet on centers or more than 15 feet from any wall. All automatic fire detection systems required by this section shall be electrically interconnected to the fire alar m system.

Exception: Where each patient sleeping room is protected by such an approved detectio n system and a local detector is provided at the unoke partition, such corridor system s will not be required on the patient sleeping f00m j~0 0r$.

10-1363. Required fire detection devices or systems shall be in accordance with Section 6-32 and shall be electrically interconnected to the manually operated fire alarm system.

10-1364". Automatic fire extinguishing protection'shall be provided throughout all hospitals, nursing homes, and residential-custodial care facilities, except those of fire-resistive or one-story protected noncombustible construction. (See 10-132 for construction types permitted.)

10-1365. Where exceptions are stated in the provisions of this Code for institutional occupancies equipped throughout with an approved automatic extinguishing system, such systems'shall be in complete accordance with the requirements of 10-1366.

10-1366. Required automatic sprinkler systems shall be in accordance with Section 6-4 for systems in light hazard occupancies , and shall be electrically interconnected with the fire alarm system. The main sprinkler control valve shall be electrically supervised so that at least a local alarm will.sound when the valve is closed.

10-1367. The sprinkler piping, serving no more than 6 "sprinklers for any isolated hazardous area, may be Connected directly to a

1690 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE SL---3.. ~

domestic water supply system having a capacity sufficient to provide • 0.15 gallons per minute per square foot of floor area throughout the entire enclosed area. A n outside screw-and-yoke shutoff valve shall be instaUed in an accessible location between the sprinklers and the Connection to the domestic water Supply.

10-1368. Sprinkler requirements for hazardous areas are stated in 10-1371 and sprinkler requirements for chutes are given in 7-1131.

10-1369. POrtable fire extinguishers shall be provided in all institutional occupancies in accordance with Section 6-4.

10-137. Hazardous Areas 10-1371.* Any hazardous area shall be safeguarded in accordance with Section 6-5. Hazardous areas include, but are not restricted to the following. Those areas accompanied by a dagger (t) in the list shall have both separation and a complete extinguishment

, ; t

system. Boiler and heater rooms tRooms or spaces, including repair Laundries ' shops, used for the storage of Kitchens combustible supplies and equip- Repair shops Handicraft .shops: Employee locker, rooms

$Soiled linen rooms

ment in quantities deemed hazardous by the authority having jurisdiction.

tTrash collection rooms Gift shops

tPaint shops

10-1372. Laboratories shall be protected in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Appendix B.

10-14. BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT 10-141. Air-Conditioning, "Ventilating, Heating, Cooking, and

Other Service Equipment 10-1411. Air-conditioning, ventilating, heating, cooking, and other service equipment shall be in accordance with Chaptei" 7 except as modified in 10-1412 and 10-14!3 below, and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

10-1412.* Portable comfort heating devices' are prohibited. Any heating device other than a central heating plant shall be so designed and installed that combustible material will not be ignited by it or its appurtenances. If fuel fired, such heating devices shall be chimney or vent connected, shall take air for combustion directly from Outside, and shall be so designed and installed to provide for complete separation of the combustion system from the "atmosphere

SL-34 AMENDMENTS T O N F P A NO. 101 !691

of the occupied area. The heating system shall have safety devices to immediately stop the flow of fuel and shut down the equipment in case of either excessive temperatures or ignition failure.

Exception No. 1: Approved suspended unit heaters may be used, except in means of egress and patiefft sleeping areas, provided such heaters are located high enough to be out of the reach oaf persons using the area and provided they are equipped with the safety devices caUed for above. Exception No. 2: Fireplaces may be installed and used only in areas other than patient sleeping areas, provided that these areas are separated from patient sleeping spaces by construction having a 1-hour fire resistance rating and they comply with the appropriate standard listed in Appendix B. In addition thereto, the fireplace must be equipped with a hearth that shall be raised at least 4 inches, and a heat tempered glass fireplace enclosure guaranteed against breakage up to a temperature of 650 ° Fahren- heit. If, in the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction, special hazards are present, a lock on the enclosure and other safety precautions may be required.

10--1413. Combustion and ventilation air for boiler, incinerator or heater rooms shall be taken directly from and discharged directly to the outside air;

10-1414. Any rubbish chute and linen chute including pneumatic systems shall be Safeguarded in accordance with 7-113. An incinerator shall not be directly flue-fed nor shall any floor charging chute directly connect with the combustion chamber. Any trash chute shall discharge into a trash collecting room used for no other purpose and protected in accordance with Section 6-5.

10-15. WINDOWLESS BUILDINGS 10-1511. See Section 16-4 for requirements for windowless buildings.

10-2. EXISTING HOSPITALS, NURSING HOMES, AND RESIDENTIAL-CUSTODIAL CARE OCCUPANCIES

10-211. Application .

10-2111. This section establishes life safety requirements for all existing hospitals, nursing homes, and residential-custodial care institutions. Where requirements vary, the specific occupancy, such as hospital, nursing home, nursery, residential-custodial care institution, home for the aged, or mentally retarded care institution is named in the paragraph pertaining thereto. See Chapter 17 for operating features.

10-212. Modif ica t ion of Retroactive Provisions

10-2121. The requirements of this section may be modified if their


application would be clearly impractical in the judgment of the authon having jurisdiction and if the resulting arrangement could

"~ . -- --:-: . . . . hazard to the life safety of the be considered as presennng mm,~,u,,, ,~ occupants. The requirements may be modified by the authority having jurisdiction to allow, alternative arrangements that will secure as nearly equivalent safety to life from fire as practical; but in no case ~shall the modification afford less safety than.compliance with the corresponding provisions contained in the following part of

this Code. |0-2122.* A limited but reasonable time shall be alloxved for compliance with any part of this section, commensurate" with the magnitude of expenditure and the disruption of services.

1022123. When alternate protection is installed and accepted, the institution shall be considered as conforming for purposes of this

Code. 10-213. Conversions, Additions, and Modernization 10-2131. No existing l~uilding sl~all be converted to a hospital, nursing home, or residential-cust0dial care institution unless it complies with all requirements for new institutional buildings.

10-2132. A new addition to an existing .institution shall be in conformance with Section 10-1 of;this Code. The new addition shall be separated from the existing institution by noncombustible construction having a fire resistance rating'of at" leas( 2 hours, unless the existing institution conforms to the'requirements of Section 10-1 of this Code. 10-2133. No construction in either modernization or renovation projects shall diminish the fire safety features of the institution currently in effect. Alterations or installations of new building services equipment shall be accomplished as nearly as possible in conformance with the requirements for new construction.

10-214. Occupancy and Occupant Load 10-2141. Institutional occupancies in buildings housing other occupancies shall be completely separated from them by noncombustible construction having 'a fire resistance rating of at least two hours.

10-2142.* Sections of institutional buildings inay come under other occupancy classifications if they meet all of the following

conditions: a. They are not intended to ~erve institutional occupants for purposes of housing, treatment, customary access, or means of egress. b. They are adequately separated from areas of institutional oc-

SL-36 " A M E N D M E N T S T O N F P A NO. 1 0 1 1693

cupancies by construction having a fire resistance rating of at least two hours.

10-2143. Auditoriums, chapels, residential areas, garages, or other occupancies in connection with. hospitals or nursing homes shall have exits provided in accorda~ncc with the ~ 6thOr applicable sections of this Code.

10-2144. The occupant load for which means of egress shall bc provided for, any floor shall bc the maximum number of pci'sons intended to occupy that floor, but not less than I person for each 120 square fcct gross floor.area in institutional sleeping departments and not less.than I person for each 240 square fcct of gross floor area of inpatient institutional treatment departments. Gross floor areas shall bc measured within the exterior building walls with no de- ductions.

10-22. EXIT DETAILS 10--221. Number and Types ,

10-2211. Exits shall be restricted to the following permissible types:

a. Doors leading directly outside the building (see Section 5-2)

b. Stairs and smokeproof towers (see 10-225)

¢. Horizontal exits (see 10-226)

d. Ramps (see 10-2252) . . . .

e. Outside stairs (scc Section 5--4)

L Exit passageways (see Section 5-7) :" "

10-2212. At least 2exits of the above types, remote from each other , shall be provided for each floor or fire section of the building. At least 1 exit in each floor or fire section shall be as indicated in 10-2211 a,.b, e or f.

10-2213. Revolving doors shall not be counted as required exits, and shall not be installed except as specifically stated in Section 5-2. Elevators constitute a supplemen'tary fac!lity, but are not counted as required exits.

10-222. Capacity of Exits

10-2221. The capacity of any required exit slaall bc b~iscd on its width in units of 22 inches as defined in 5-115. The capacity of (a) exits providing travel by means of stairs shall be 22 persons per exit unit; and (b) exits providing travel without stairs; such as doors" or horizontal exits, shall be 30 persons per exit unit.

Exception: The capacity of exits in Institutional Occupancies equipped throughout with an approved automatic extinguishing system may be

1694 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON. SAFETY TO LIFE 8L-37

increased to 35 persons ]Set exit unit for travel by means of stairs, and • to 45 persons per exit unit for travel without stairs.

10-223 . Access to Exits 10-2231. Eve ry aisle, passageway, corridor, exi t discharge~ exit location and access shall be in accordance with Section 5-1, except

as modified below. 10-2232. ~ Travel distance (a) between any room "door intended as exit access and an exit shall not exceed 100 feet; (b) between any point in a room and an exit shall not exceed 150 feet; (c) between any point in an institutional sleeping room or Suite and an exit access door of that room or suite shall not exceed 50 feet.: Travel distance shall be measured in accordance with 5-119. ~ ''~ ~'

Exception: The travel distance in (a) or (b) above m'ay be in~reased by 50feet in buildings completely equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system.

10-2233. Every institutional sleeping room, unless it' has .a door opening to the ground, shall have an exit access door leading directly to a corridor which leads to an exit. One adj/icent room such as a sitting Or anteroom m a y intervene if all doors' along the path of exit travel are equipped with nonlockable hardware , except as provided in 10-2242, and this intervening room is not intended to serve more than 8 institutional sleeping beds.

10-2234. Any required aisle, corridor, or ramp shall be not less than 48 inches in clear width when serving as means of egress from institutional sleeping rooms. I t shall be of such width andes0 arranged as to avoid any obstructions to the convenient removal of nonambulatory persons carried on stretcherd or on mattresses serv-

ing as stretchers. 10-2235. Any room, and any suite of rooms, as permitted in 10-2233, of more than 1,000 square feet shall have at least 2 exit access doors remote from each other. --. 10-2236. Every corridor shall p rov ide access to 'at least twO approved means of egress from the building iia'accord ance with 5-120, without passing through any intervening rooms "or spaces: other than corridors or lobbies. Existing dead-end corridors are undesirable and shall be altered wherever possible so that exits will be accessible in at least'2 differentdirections from all points in aisles, passageways, and c o r r i d o r s . .

10-224. Doors 10-2241. Every door shall be in accordance with Section 5-2 except as modified below. For doors in horizontal exits and smoke partitions see 10-2261 and 10-231.

SL-38 AMENDMENTS' TO NFPA NO. i01 1695

10-2242. Locks installed on institutional sleeping room doors shall be so arranged that they cma be locked only from the corridor side.

Exception No. 7: Doors leading directly to the outside of the building may be subject to locking from the room side. All such locks, except those permitted in 10-0004, shall be ar-

ranged to permit exit from the room by a simple operation without the use of a key.

Exception No. 2: Doors in homes for the aged may be lockable by the occupant i f they can be unlocked from the opposite side, and keys are carried by attendants at all times.

10-2243. Exit access doors to hospital and nursing home sleeping rooms, diagnostic and treatment areas, such as, X-ray, surgery, and physical therapy, all doors between these spaces and the required exits, and all exit doors serving these spaces shall be at least 42 inches wide. Doors to residential-custodial sleeping rooms and all exit doors serving these spaces shall be at least 32 inches wide.

Exception Aro. 7: Doors which are so located as not to be subject to use by an institutional occupant shall be not less than 28 inches in width as defined in 5-2747. Exception No. 2: Doors in exit stairway enclosures shall be not less than 36 inches wide.

10-2244. A~y door in a fire separation, horizontal exit or a smoke partition may be held open only by an electrical device wh ich complies with 5-2134. The device shall be so arranged that the operation of the following will initiate the self-cloNng action: a. The manual alarm system required in 10-235 and either b or c below. b. A local device designed to detect smoke or other products of combustion other than heat passing through the opening. c. A complete and approved automatic fire extinguishing system or automatic fire detection system.

10-2245. Doors in stair enclosures or in walls separating hazardous areas shall not be equipped with hold-open devices.

10-225. Stairs, Smokeproof Towers, Ramps 10-2251. Ever 5' stair and smokeproof tower shall be in accordance with Section 5-3 and shall be Class A or B, except that any existing interior stair not compl)dng with Section 5-3 may be continued in use subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

10-2252. Ever5' ramp shall be in accordance with Section 5-6, and shall be Class A or Class B. R a m p width shall be as specified in 1 0-2234.

1696 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E O N S A F E T Y T O L I F E SL-39

10-226. Horizonta l Exits ~ 10-2261. *= A door' in a horizontal exit shall be at least 42inches wide and shall be in accordance with Section 5-5; except as modified herein. At least 30 net square feet per institutional" occupant shall be provided for the total number of institutional occupants in adjoining compartments. A door in a horizontal exit is not required to swing with exit travel as specified in 5 - 5 1 4 3 : - .

10-227. Exi t Lighting and Signs 10-2271. Eachhospital , nursing home and residential-custodial care facility shall be provided with emergency lighting in accordance

with 5-10. '; Exception: Emergency: lighting Of at.least one hour du(ation shall be

• provided. " ., .' - i0-227"2: Exit signs' shall:be provided-in each nursing ~home and residential-custodial care facility., ifi accordance with .Section 5-11.

Exception: Signs may be omitted in one;story buildings with an occu-

pancy of. less than 30 persons. .i ...... . . .

10-23. P R O T E C T I O N ' 10-231. Subdivision of Building Spaces t0-2311. Smoke partitions shall be provided; regardless of building

construction, as follows: " a. To divide every story into.at least two compartments, and

b. T o limit on any story the maximum area of each smoke compartment to no more than 22,500 square feet of which:both

• , . . , , , t ' length and width are limited to 150' 0'-'. Exception: Protection may be accomplished in conjunction wi th the pro-

vision of horizontal exits. . : ~, ;; :,., - , ' ,. 10-2312. Smoke partitions shall be constructed in accordance with Section 6-6 and shall have a fire resistance rating of at least one-half

hour. " " 10-2313. Smoke partitions shall b e provided on-stories,which are

usable but unoccupied. = . , . ". 10-2314. Ample space shall be provided on:each:side of the smoke partition for the total niamber of institutional ,occupants on both

sides. ':: ~'~:" ; ' 15 Ouenin~s in smoke partitions,.shallbe,protected ,by wired

1,0-23 " , ~. .Y_, t_^~, . . . . bv 1 and,three-quarter inch, solid glass panels m steel t~an~,.o ,,- . - ,~ .- bonded wood core doors as a minimum.

SL-40 1697 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101

10-2316. Doors in smoke partitions shall be self=closing or kept in the open position provided they meet the requirement of 10-2244. Such doors shall not be required to swing with exit travel.

10-232.* Minimum Construction Standards for Existing In- stitutions.

10-2321. For the purpose of this section, stories shall be counted starting at the lowest floor of exit discharge.

10-2322. Institutional buildings of one story in height only may be of any type of construction (see 10-2352 for extinguishment requirements).

10-2323. Institutional buildings up to and including two stories in height may be constructed of fire resistive construction protected noncombustible construction , protected ordinary construction, pro- tccted wood frame construction, hcaw/ timber construction, or unprotected noncombustible construction. (See 10-2352 for automatic extinguishment requirements.)

10-2324. Institutional buildings three stories, or more, in height shall be o f fire resistive construction.

Exception: Institutional buildings up to and including three stories in height may be of protected noncombustible construction if equipped throughout with an automatic extinguishing system.

10-2325. Every interior wall and partition in buildings of fire- resistive and noncombustible construction shall be of noncombustible materials.

10-2326. Every institutional sleeping room shall have an outside window or outside door arranged and located so that it can be opened from the inside without the use of. tools or keys to permit the venting or products of combustion and to permit any 0ceupant to have direct access to fresh air in ease of emergency. (See 10-0004 for detention screen requirements.) The maximum allowable sill height shall not exceed 36 inches above the floor.

Exception No. 1: The window sill in special nursing care areas may be 60 inches above the floor. Exception aVo. 2: Rooms intended for occupanqy of less than 24 hours (such as those housing obstetrical labor beds, recovery beds, and observation beds in the emergency..d, epartment) and newborn n.urseries need not comply, with this sec¢ion.

10-233. Protection of Vertical Openings and Firestopping. 10-2331. Each stairway between stories shall be enclosed in accordance with 6-1113 and 6-1114 with partitions having a 1-hour fire resistance rating.

1698 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO L I F E SL-41

Exception .No. I: Where a full enclosure is impractical the required enclosure may be limited to that necessary to prevent a fire originating in any story from spreading to any other story. Exception No. 2: Stairs that do not connect to a corridor, do not connect more than two levels, and do not serve as a means of egress need not comply with these regulations.

10--2332. Any elevator shaft, light and ventilation shaft, chute, and. other vertical opening between stories shall be protected as required above for stai .rways.

10-2333. Each exterior wall of frame construction and interior stud partitions shall be firestopped so as to cut off all concealed draft openings, both horizontal and vertical, between any cellar or basement and the first floor. Such firestopping shall consist of suitable noncombustible material or of wood at least 2 inches (nominal) thick.

10-2334. Any existing linen and trash chute which opens directly on to any corridor shall be sealed by fire-resistive construction to prevent further use or shall be provided with a fire door assembly suitable for a Class B location and having a fire protection rating of 1 ~ hours. All new chutes shall comply with 7-113.

10-234. Interior Finish 10-2341.* Interior finish shall be Class A or Class B in accordance with Section 6-2. In buildings equipped" with a complete automatic fire extinguishing system, Class C interior finish m a y be continued in use, except in means of egress.

10-235. Alarm and Extinguishing Systems 10-2351. Every building shall have a manually operated fire- alarm system, in accordance with Section 6-3. Audible alarm devices shall be used.

Exception No. I: Presignal systems shall not be .permitted in institutional occupancies: Exception .No. 2: Where visible alarm devices have been installed in patient sleeping areas, they may be accepted by the authority having jurisdiction.

10-2352.* Automatic fire extinguishing protection shall be provided throughout all hospitals, nursing homes, a n d residential- custodial care facilities. : ' - ~.

Exception: Buildings of fire-resistive construction of any •height or protected noncombustible construction not over 2 stories in height.

10-2353. Any required automatic sprinkler system shall be in ac-


cordance with Section 6-4, for systems in light hazard occupancies, and shall be electrically interconnected with the fire alarm system. The main sprinkler control valve shall be electrically supervised so that at least a local alarm will sound when the valve is closed.

10-2354. The sprinkler piping serving no more than six sprinklers for any isolated hazardous area may be connected directly to a domestic water supply system having a capacity sufficient to Phrorovide 0.15 gallons per minute per square foot of floor area

ughout the entire enclosed area. An outside screw-and-yoke shutoff valve shall be installed in an accessible location between the sprinklers and the connection to.the domestic water supply.

10-2355. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in all institutional occupancies in accordance with 6-4.

10-236 Hazardous Areas 10-2361. Any hazardous area shall be safeguarded in accordance with Section 6-5. Hazardous areas include, but are not restricted to the following: Boiler and heater rooms Laundries Kitchens Repair shops Handicraft shops Employee locker rooms Soiled linen rooms

Rooms or spaces used for. storage, in quantities deemed hazardous by the authority having jurisdiction, of combustible supplies and equipment

Trash collection rooms Gift shops

10-2362. Laboratories shall be in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Appendix B.

10-24. BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT 10-241. Air-Conditioning, Ventilating, Heating, Cooking, and Other Service Equipment 10-2411. Air-conditioning, ventilating, heating, cooking, and other service equipment shall be in accordance with Chapter 7.They shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

10-2412.* Portable comfort heating devices are prohibited. Any heating device, other than a central heating plant, shall be so designed and installed that combustible material will not be ignited by it or its appurtenances. If fuel fired, such heating de- vtces shall be chimney or vent connected, shall take air for combustion directly from the outside, and shall be so designed and installed to provide for complete separation of the combustion system from the atmosphere of the occupied area. The heating system shall have safety devices to immediately stop the flow of


fuel and shut down the equipment in case of either excessive temperatures or ignition failure.

Exception Wo. 1. Approved suspended unit heaters may be used, except in means of egress and patient sleeping areas, provided such heaters are located high enough to be out of the reach of persons using the area and provided they are equipped with the safety devices called for above. Exception .No. 2. Fireplaces may be installed and used only in areas other than patient areas, provided that these areas are separated .from patient sleeping spaces by construction having a 7-hour fire reszstance rating and they comply with the appropriate standard listed in Appendix B. In addition thereto, the fireplace must be equipped with a heat tempered glass fireplace enclosure guaranteed against breakage up to a temperature of 650 ° Fahrenheit. If, in the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction, special hazards are present, a lock on the enclosure and other safety precautions may be required.

10-2413. Combustion and ventilation air for boiler, incinerator, or heater rooms shall be taken directly from and discharged directly to the outside air.

10-2414. Any rubbish chute and linen chute including pneumatic systems shall be safeguarded in accordance with 7-115. Existing flue-fed incinerators shall be sealed by fire-resistive construction to prevent further use. Any trash chute shall discharge into a trash collecting room used for no other purpose and protected in accordance with Section 6-5.

10-25. WINDOWLESS BUILDINGS 10-2511. See section 16-4 for requirements for windowless buildings.

SECTION 10-3. PENAL INSTITUTIONS

10-311. Application 10-3111. This part of the Life Safety Code covers residential- restrained care institutions such as jails, penal institutions, re- formatories, prisons, and houses of correction.

10-312. Defini t ion 10-3121. Residential-Restrained Care Institution: A building, or part thereof, used to house occupants under some degree of restraint or security.

10-313. Occupancy Classification 10-3131. Penal institutions are a complex of structures with each serving a definite and usually different purpose. For instance, in all probability there will be represented in most penal institutions


an example of all, or most all, of the occupancy type classifications. Exits and other, features shall be governed by the type of occupancy classification and the hazard of occupancy.

10-3132. All buildings and structures shall be classified, using Chapter 4, Section 4-1, Occupancy Classification, as a guide, subject to the ruling of the authority having jurisdiction in case of question as to the proper classification of any individual building or structure. Exit features shall comply with the applicable section of the Code with the exceptions noted below.

10-3133. Hazards of contents shall be determined by the authority ha~,ing jurisdiction using Section 4-2. The foregoing shall be used in so far as applicable and shall be subject to the ruling of the authority having jurisdiction in case of question.

10-3134. Custody classification of the institution as well as individual areas within the complex shall always be considered by the authority having jurisdiction.

10-314. Means of Egress

10-3141. Reliable means shall be provided to permit the prompt release of inmates confined in locked sections, spaces, or rooms in the event of fire or other emergency, regardless of the type of occupancy.

10-3142. Prompt release will be guaranteed by adequate correc.- tional personnel that are continuously on duty (24 hour) and keys which shall be readily accessible.

10-3143. Any emergency entrance which is locked may be classified as an exit provided that keys are readily available to guards or attendants.

10-315. Hazardous Areas

10-3151. Every hazardous area shall be protected in accordance with Section 10-1371 of this Code.

10-316. Operating Features

10-3161. Each operating feature shall comply with the Institu- tional Section of Chapter 17, Operating Features.

10-3162. Smoking regulations will depend on management and authorities having jurisdiction within the institution. The Smoking Regulations contained in Chapter 17, Operating Features, shall be used as a guide.

77. Revise Chapter 11 to read as follows:

1702 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO L I F E SLy45

The foUowing portion of this report covers a complete presen'tation of Chapter /7. Only those portions noted by a,marginal vertical line are considered to be changes in the requirements.) : • :" '

C H A P T E R 11. R E S I D E N T I A L OCCUPANCIES

11-0001, " Residential occupancies shall include all occupancies so classified in 4-14 5. T h e y shall be.classified in the following groups, subject to determination.by the.authority having jurisdiction.

a. Hotels. Includes buildings or groups o f buildings under the same management in which there ~ e more than 15 sleeping ac-

~commodations fo r hire, pr imar i ly used by transients w h o are • lodged with o r with61at meals, whether designated as a hotel, inn, club, motel, or by any other name. So-called apartment hotels shall be classified as hotels because they are potentially subject to

-:transient. occupancy like that of:hotels; . . . . . ~. - "b..' Apariment Buildings. In"cludes bu i ld ing .con ta in ing '3 or more living units with independent cooking and bathroom facilities, whether designated as apartment house, ;tenement, garden apartment, or by .any other name. c. Dormitories. Includes buildings where group sleeping accommodations; are provided for persons not members of the same family group in one room Or in a series of Closely associated rooms under joint occupancy and single management, as in college dormitories,

-fraternity houses, military barracks, ski lodges; .with or. without meals. ' -' ~ . . . . :: d. Lodging or Rooming Houses. InclUdes builditigs in which separate sleeping rooms are rented providing sleeping accommodations for a . . . . . . . , . . .

total of 15 or less persons, on either a transient' or permanent basis; with or without meals, but without separate cooking facilities for individual occupants, except as provided in e. e. I- and 2-Family Dwellings. Includes dwellings i'fiwhich 'each living unit is occupied by members of a single, family, with rooms rented to outsiders, if any, not accommodating more than 3 persons.

SECTION 11-1. G E N E R A L R E Q U I R E M E N T S

(Applies to all the following .Section s, 11-2(11-3, 11--4 and 11-5.)

11-11. O C C U P A N T LOAD AND E X I T CAPACITY

11-111. O c c u p a n t Load " , : .~ - -. ; .,~, " .:

I I - I I I I .* The occupant load of residential occupa'ncies in numbers of persons for whom exits are to be provided except in l- and 2-family dwellings shall be determined on the basis of I person per 200 square feet gross floor area, or. the maximum probable

S.L-a6 A M E N D M E N T S T O N F P A N O . 101 1703 population of any room o r section under consideration, which- ever is greater. The occupant load of any open mezzanine or balcony shall be added to the occupant load of the floor below for the purpose of determining exit capacity.

11-112. Capaci ty of Exits

11-1121. Exits, arranged as specified elsewhere in this Section of the Code, shall be sufficient to provide for the occupant load in numbers of persons as determined in accordance with l I - I l 1 I, on the following basis:

a. Doors, including those 3 risers or 24 inches above or below ground level, Class A ramps and horizontal exits - - 100 persons per unit of exit width.

• - - , . . . : .

b. Stairs and other types of exits not included in (a) a b o v e - 75 persons per exit unit.

11-115. Maintenance', of Exits

11-1131. No door ih "any means of egress"shal! ibe locked against egress when the bUilding is Occupied.

SECTION 11-2, HOTELS

11-21. GENERAL. 11-2111. This part of ~is- Section shall apply t o hotels with accommodations for more than, 15 persons, as defined in 11-0001.

11-212. Public Assembly Occupancies

11-2121. Any ' ballroom, assembly or exhibit ion hall, a n d other space used for purposes of public assembly shall be in accordance with Chapter 8. Restaurants having a capacity of 50 or more persons shall be treated as places of assembly.

11-22. EXIT DETAILS 11-221. General 11-2211. Any room having a capacity of less than 50 persons with an outside door at street or ground level may have such outside door as a single exit provided that no part of the room or area is more than 50 feet from the door measured along the natural path of travel.

11-2212. Any floor below the floor of exit discharge occupied for public purposes shall have exits arranged i f iaccordance with 11-2241 and 11-2251, -with access thereto in accordance with Section 5-1. .~

1704 . . . o R ~ ' o F ' c o ~ oN SAFETY TO LIF 1~. SL--47 1122213. Any floor below the floor of exit discharge not open to the public and used only for mechanical equipment, storage, and service operations (other than kitchens which are cohsidered part of the hotel occupancy) shall'have exits appropriate' to its'actual occupancy in accordance with other applicable sections of this Code.

11-2214.* T h e same stairway or other exit required t o serve any one upper floor may also serve other upper floors.

Exception: jVo.inside open :stairway, escalator, or ramp may seme as a required means of egress f i om more than one floor. -" ~"

11-222. Types of Exits

11-2221. Exits, arranged in accordance with Chapter 5 shall be of one or more of the following types: Doors to outside at ground level Revolving doors, as per Section 5-2 (not at foot of stairs) Doors to subways, only if the subway meets-the requirements for ' exit passageways or tunnels as.specified-in Sectior/5-7 Interior stairs, Class A or Class B, in ac/:ordance With Section 5-3 Outside stairs, in accordance with Section 5--4~ Smokeproof towers in accordance with Section 5-3 Ramps, Class A or Class B, in accordance with Section 5-6 Escalators, in accordance with Section 5-8 Horizontal exits, in accordance with Section 5-5. " ~ "'

11-2222. Any existing interior stair or fire 6scape~not complying with Section 5-3 or Section 5-4 may be continued in use subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

11-223. Capacity of Exits : '

11-2231. Street floor exits shall provide units of exit width, as follows, occupant load being determined in accordance' with 11-1111 : O n e u n i t for each 100 persons street floor capacity for doors and

other level exits, including those 2 4 inches or 3 risers above or below ground level. ~

One unit for each 75 persons street floor Capacity for stair or other exit requiring descent to ground level.

One and one-half door units for each 2-unit required stair from upper floors discharging through the street floor.

One and one-half door units for each2-un i t required stair from floors below the street floor discharging through the street floor.

-48 AMENDMENTS TO N F P A NO. 101 1705

11-2232. Every floor below the f loor of exit discharge shall have exits sufficient to pro~,ide for the occupant load of that floor as determined in accordance with 11-1111, as the basis of 100 persons per exit unit for travel on the same level, 75 persons for upward travel, as up stairs. , " " •

11-2233. Upper floor exits shall provide numbers of units of exit width sufficient to meet the requirements of 11-1121.

11-224. N u m b e r o f EXits

11-2241. Not less than 2 exits shall be accessible from every floor, including floors below the floor of exit discharge and occupied for public purposes. '

Exception: A single exit may be provided under the conditions described in 11-227/.

11-225. T r a v e l D i s t a n c e t o : E x i t s

11-2251. Any exit as indicated in 11-2241 shall be such that it will not be necessary to trav~el more than 100 fee't from the door of any room to reach the ne~irest exit. Travel distance to exits shall be measuredin accordance with 5-1191.; '

Exception 1: Travel distance to exits may be increased to 200.feet for exterior ways of exit access in accordance with 5--127.

Exception 2: Travel distance to exits may be increased to 150.feet if the exit access and any. portion of the building which is tributory to the exit access are equipped with automatic sprinkler protection. In addition, the portion of the building in which the 750-.foot travel distance is permitted shall be separated .from the remainder of the building by construction having a fre-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour.for buildings up to 4 stories in height and 2 hours for building~ 4 or more stories in height. :" . .i

11-226. Access to a n d A r r a n g e m e n t o f E x i t s "

11-2261. Access to all required exits shall be in accordance with Section 5-1, shall be unobstructed and shall not be veiled from open view by ornamentation, curtain, or other appurtenance.

11-2262. Means Of egress Shall be so arranged that from every point in any open area , or from a n y room door, exits will be accessible in at least 2 different directions.

Exception: Up to the first 35.feet of exit travel.from a room door may be along a corridor with exit access only in one direction (dead end), and in open areas a single path of travel may be permitted.for the first 35feet.

1706 ~,~,~ SL--49

11-227. Discharge from Exits. 11-2271. At least half Of the required number-of units of exit width from upper floors, exclusive of horizontal exits, shall lead directly to the street Or through a yard, court, o r passageway with protected openings and separated from all parts of the interior of the

building. 11-2272. A maximum of 50 percent of the exits may discharge through areas on the floor of exit discharge provided: a. Such exits discharge to a free and unobstructed way to the exterior of the building, which way is readily visible and identifiable from the point of discharge from the exit. b. The floor of discharge into which the exit discharges is provided with automatic sprinkler protection and any other portion of the level of discharge with access to the discharge area is provided with automatic sprinkler protection or separated from it in accordance with the requirements for the enclosure of exits (see 5-114).

Exception: Tile requirements of "11-1222(b) ~ may be waived iJ the discharge area is a vestibule or foyer meeting all of the following: (1) The depth fiom the exterior of the building is not greater than lO feet and the length is not'greater than 20feet. (2) The foyer is separated from the remainder o f the level oaf discharge by construction provid!ng protection at least ihe equivalent oaf wired glass in steel frames. (3) The foyer serves only for means oJ egress including exits directly to the outside. "

c. The entire area on the floor of discharge is separated from areas below by construction having a minimum of 2-h0ur fire-resistance

rating. 11-228. Exit Lighting and Signs 11-2281. Each public space, hallway, stairway, or other means of egress shall have illumination in accordance with Section 5-10. Access to exits shall be continuously illuminated at all times. Any hotel with over 25 rooms shall have emergency exit lighting, provided that where each guest room has a direct exit to the outside of the building at ground level (as in motels) no emergency exit lighting shall be required. 11-2282. Every exit access door from public hallways or from corridors on floors with sleeping accommodations shall have an illuminated sign in accordance with Section 5-A 1. Where exits are not visible in a hallway or corridor, illuminated directional signs shall be provided to indicate the direction to exits.

11-23. PROTECTION 11-231. Protection of Vertical Openings

S L - 5 0 AMENDMEN/rS TO ~'FPA NO. 101 1707

11-2311.. Every stairway, eleVat0r shaft and other vertical opening shall b e enclosed or protected in accordance with Section 6-1.

Exception 1: Unprotected vertical openings connecting not more than 3 floors used for. hotel occupancy only may be permitted in accordance with the conditions of 6-1112. Exception 2: In any existing building provfG[ed with a complete auto- marie sprinkler system, in. accordance with Section 6-4, and where exits and required ways oaf travel thereto are adequately safeguarded against fire and smoke within the building or where every individual room has direct access to an exterior exit without passing through .any public corridor, the protection of vertical openings not part of required exits may be waived by the authority having jurisdiction to such extent a s such openings do not endanger required means of exit.

11-23i2.* -Any required exit 's tair which is. so located that it is necessary to pass through the lobby o r other open space to reach the outside of-the building .shall be continuously enclosed down to the lobby level. "

11-2313. No floor below'the floor o£ exit discharge used for only ' storage, heating ~quipment~ or othe~.purpbses oflaer than hotel occupancy open to.guests m' th6 public, shall have unprotected openings to floors used for hotel purposes.

11-232. P r o t e c t i o n o f G u e s t R o o m s J , " ,

11-2321.• In any new building every corridor shall be separated from guest rooms by partitions having, at l e a s t a 1-hour fire resistance rat ing. : , .

Exception: "Buildii~gS'equipped witk 'a coinplete automatic sprinkler system. : .,

11-2322. Each guestroom shall be provided with a door having a fire protection rat ing of at least 20 minutes, . , .:: . . . .

Exception: In existing buildings, previouslyapproved 13/~ inch solid . bonded wood core doors may remain in use. " ' "

:- . ,~:, : , 11-2323. Openings ,in corridor partitions other t han door openings shall be prohibited . . . . . . . . . . . . :

11-233': l f i t er lor F i n i s h . " . : " " : " "

11-2331. Interior finish, in accordance with Section 6-2 and subject to the limitations and modificationS"therein specified, shall b e a s f o l l o w s : : " : ~-'-" : .

For" new construction or hew interior finish: Exits (~ee 5'-2 through 5-9) - - Cl~issA'or B Lobbies, corridor~ --:' Class A or B '

1 7 0 8 o,

Places of assembly ~ See 8-1723 Individual guest rooms ~ Class A, B or C Other rooms ~ Class A, B or C

Existing Interior Finish: Exits (see 5-2 through 5-9) ~ Class A or B Lobbies and Corridors

Used as exit access ~ Class A or B Not used as required exit access ~ Class A, B or C

Places of Assembly ~ See 8-513 Individual guest rooms ~ Class A, B or C Other rooms ~ Class A, B or C

11-234. A l a r m s

11-2341. An alarm system, in accordance with Section 6-3, shall be provided for any hotel having accommodations for 15 or more

guests. Exception: Where each guest room has direct exit to the outside of the building and the building is not over 3 stories in height, as in motels.

11-2342. Every sounding device shall be of such character and so located as to arouse all occupants of the building or section thereof

endangered by fire.

11-2343. An alarm-sending station shall be provided at the hotel desk or other convenient central control point under continuous supervision of responsible employees. Additional a larm sending stations (as specified in Section 6-3) may be waived where there are other effective means (such as complete automatic sprinkler or automatic fire detection systems) for notification of fire.

11-2344. Suitable facilities shall be provided for immediate notification of the public fire department or private fire brigade, where there is no public fire department, in case of fire.

11-235. Hazardous Areas 11-2351. Any room containing high pressure boilers, refrigerating machinery, transformers, or other service equipment subject to possible explosion shall not be located directly under or directly adjacent to exits. All such rooms shall be effectively cut off from other parts of the building as specified in Section 6-5.

- 352 Every hazardous area shall be separated from other parts 11~ 2, -" , - - " . . . . . . . . :^~ ~,~vino a fire-resistance rating of at n ! t i l e D a i l o m f f D y C O n ~ u u t . t , w , , , ~ ~ . . . . . J t _ . . . ~ v 1 hour and communicating openings slaan t~e protectett uy *e- least . . . . . , t -I-~;n~ gr," doors or such area shall be

roveo automauc or sel~-~ . . . . . ° ." ~. ~gt. . . . . h . . . . d is severe, Pquipped with automatic nre protecuon, vv.~ . . . . . . . . .

AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101 1709

both fire-resistive construction and automatic fire protection shall be used. Hazardous areas include, but are not limited to:

Boiler and heater rooms Rooms or spaces used for storage of Laundries combustible supplies and equip- Repair shops ment in quantities deemed haz-

ardous by the authority having jurisdiction.

11-24. BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT

11-241. Air Conditioning and Ventilation

11-2411. Every air conditioning installation shall comply with Chapter 7.

11~2412. No transom shall be installed in partitions of sleeping roomS in new buildings. In existing buildings transoms shall be fixed in the closed position and shall be covered or otherwise protected to provide a fire-resistance rating at least equivalent to that of the wall in which they are installed.

SECTION 11-3. APARTMENT BUILDINGS

11-31. GENERAL

11-3111. Any apartment building which complies with all of the preceding requirements of this Section for hotels may be considered as a hotel and, as such, the following requirements for apartment buildings will not be applicable.

11-3112. Every individual living unit covered by this Section shall at least comply with the minimum provisions of Section 11-6, 1-and 2-Family Dwellings.

11-32. EXIT DETAILS

11-321. General Types and Capacities of Exits

11-3211. Exits, of the same arrangement, types, and capacities as required by 11-22 shall be provided.

11-3212. Number of exits, exit access, exit discharge, exit lighting, and signs for exits in apartment buildings shall comply with the following.

11-322. Number of Exits

11-3221. Every living unit shall have access to at least 2 separate exits.

1 7 1 0 o. sL- 3

Exception 1: Any living unit, which has an exit directly to the street or el or by way of an outside stairway or an enclosed

vard at ground lev • " ." -~ ~ ~o.,r or more serving that stairway with fire-reszstance ratzng uj . . . . _ . . . . . . , nd not communicating with any floor below the floor oy a artment only a . . . . . . . J.-,t of the aOartment served, may eP~t discharge or other area nut ,, y~,- .a - have a single exzt. Exception 2: A ~y buildin~ of any height with not more than 4 living

• n . h a sr~keOroof tower or an outside stairway as the units per floor, wzt . . . . " -,, ,,,.-.~.,, ts served thereby, may have exit, immediatety accesszote w a - ,,y . . . . . . en a single exit. Exception 3: Any building not more than 3 stories in height with no

case there is such a floor, floor below the floor of exit discharge or, in with the street floor construction of at least l-hour fire resistance, may have a single exit, under the following conditions: (a) The stairway is cam letely enclosed with a partition having afire-

nce ratin of at lenPasl l hour with self-closing fire doors protecting resista . g .. - • . . . . . losure and the building.

"n $ b e t w e e n t l l~ s ~ a z r w a y ~ . , • • ~l~) op~nh~ gtairway does not serve any floor below the floor of exzt dis-

charge. (c) Al l corridors serving as access to exits have at least a l-hour

fire-resistance rating. (d) There is not more than 20 feet of travel distance to reach an

exit f rom the entrance door of any living unit.

11-323. Access to Exits 11-3231. Exits shall be remote f rom each other, as requ i red by

5-1171. 11-3232. Exits shall be so a r r anged tha t there are no dead-end pockets, hal lways, corridors, passageways or courts.

Exception: A common path of travel may be permitted for the first 35 feet (i.e., a dead-end corridor up to 35 feet long may be permitted).

11-3233. Exits and exit access shall be so located tha t :

a. I t wil l no t be necessary to t ravel more than 50 feet wi th in any ind iv idua l l iving un i t to reach the neares t exit , or to reach an en- t rance door of the a p a r t m e n t which provides access th rough a publ ic co r r ido r to an exit on the same floor level. b . Wi th in any ind iv idua l l iving uni t i t will not be necessary to traverse stairs more than 1 story above a n d / o r below the floor level of the neares t exit or ent rance door to the apa r tmen t .

•. r to any a p a r t m e n t is wi th in 1 O0 feet of an exit c. T h e en t rance doo . . . . : - - - - ^a ~. . . . . . omat ic snrinklers in or wi th in 150 feet in a b u u o m g protet:t~u ~,y . ~ t accordance with Section 6-4.

SL-54 AMENDMENTS TO N F P A NO. 101 1711

11-324. Discharge from Exits

11-3241. Discharge from exits shall be the same as required for hotels, 11-2271.

11-325. Exit Lighting and Signs

11-3251. Every public space, hallway, stairway, and other means of egress shall have illumination in accordance with Section 5-10. Any apar tment building with more than 25 living units shall have emergency exit lighting.

11-5252. Exit signs" in accordance with Section 5-11 shall be provided in all apar tment buildings requiring more than one exit.

11-33. PROTECTION

11-331. Protection of Vertical Openings

11-3311. Protection of vertical openings shall be the same as required for hotels, 11-2311 through 11-2313.

Exception: There shall be no unprotected vertical opening in any building or fire section with only one exit.

11-332. Interior Finish

11-3321. Interior finish, in accordance with Section 6-2 and subject to the limitations and modifications therein specified, shall be as follows:

For new construction and new interior finish: Exits (See 5-2 through 5-9) - - Class A or B Lobbies, corridors and public spaces - - Class A or B Individual living units - - Class A, B or C

Existing interior finish: Exits - - Class A or B Other spaces - - Class A, B or C

11-333. Alarm Systems

11-3331. Every apar tment building of more than 3 stories in height or more than 12 apar tment units shall have a manual fire alarm system in accordance with Section 6-3.

Exception .No. 1: Buildimgs provided with automatic sprinkler protection m accordance with Section 6-4.

Exception .No. 2: Buildings provided with a complete automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 6-3.



11-3341. Every hazardous area shall be separated from other parts of the building by construction having a fire:r,esistance rating of at least 1 hour. Communicating openings snau oe protectea oy approved automatic or self-closing fire doors. Hazardous areas include, but shall not be limited to:

Boiler and heater rooms Rooms or spaces used for storage Laundries of combustible supplies and equip- Repair Shops merit in quantities deemed haz-

ardous by the authority having jurisdiction.

Exception: Enclosure protection may be omitted if automatic fire extinguishing ~ystems are provided.

11-3342. Where the hazard is high, both fire-resistant construction and automatic fire protection shall be provided.

11-34. BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT 11-341. Air Conditioning and Ventilation 11-3411. Air conditioning and ventilation, when provided, shall he in accordance with Chapter 7.

SECTION 11-4. DORMITORIES

11-41. GENKRAL 11-4111. Any dormitory complying with all the requirements for hotels may be accepted as ~uch in which case the following provisions of Section 11-4 will not be applicable.

11-4112. Any dormitory divided into suites of rooms, with 1 or more bedrooms opening into a living room or study which has a door opening into a common corridor serving a number of suites, shall be classed as an apartment building. As such, the dormitory shall be subject to all requirements of Section 11-3, and the following provisions of Section 11-4 will not be applicable.

Exception: The requirements of 11-4331 shall apply.

11-42. EXIT DETAILS 11-421. Types and Capacity of Exits 11-4211. Exits of the same types and capacities as required for hotels (see 11-22) shall be provided.

Exception: Each street floor door shall be sujlicient to provide 1 unit of exit width for each 50 persons capacity of the street floor, plus 1 unit for each unit of required stairway width discharging through the street floor.


11--4212. Travel distance, access to exits, exit lighting and signs for exits in Dormitories shall comply with the following.

11-422. Travel Distance to Exits

11-4221. Exits shall be so arranged that it will not be necessary to travel more than 100 feet from any point or 150 feet in a building protected by automatic sprinklers in accordance with Section 6-4, to reach the nearest" outside door or stair, nor to traverse more than a 1-story flight of inside, unenclosed stairs.

11-423. Access to Exits

11-4231. Any dormitory not otherwise covered under 11-4111 and 11--4112 shall have exits so arranged that from any sleeping room or open dormitory sleeping area there will be access to 2 separate and distinct exits in different directions with no common path of travel unless the room or space is subject to occupancy by not more than 10 persons and has a door opening directly to the outside of the building at street or ground level, or to an outside stairway in which case 1 means of exit may be accepted.

11-424. Exit Lighting and Signs

11--4241. Every dormitory shall have exit lighting in accordance with Section 5-10.

11-4242. Any dormitory, subject to occupancy by more than 100 persons, shall have emergency exit lighting in accordance with Section 5-10 and exit signs in accordance with Section 5-11.

11-43. P R O T E C T I O N

11-431. Protection of Vertical Openings

11-43H. Every exit stair and other vertical opening shall be enclosed or protected in accordance with Section 6-1. In existing buildings not more than 2 stories in height of any type of construction, unprotected openings may be permitted by the authority having jurisdiction if the building is protected by automatic sprinklers in accordance with Section 6-4; or if every sleeping room or area has direct access to an outside exit without the necessity of passing through any corridor or other space exposed to any unprotected vertical opening and the building is equipped with an automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 6-3.

11-432. In te r ior Finish

11-4321. All interior finish of dormitories shall be Class A or B in exits, in lobbies and in corridors, and Class A, B, or C elsewhere, in accordance with Section 6-2.

1 7 1 4 o, LI, sL- 7

11--433. Alarm Systems 11-4331. Every dormitory shall have a manual fire alarm system in

accordance with Section 6-3. Exception 7: Buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 6-4. Exception 2: Buildings equipped with an automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 6--3.


11-441. Air Conditioning and Ventilation 11-4411. Every air conditioning installation shall comply with

Chapter 7. 11-4412. Transoms shall not be installed in partitions o f sleeping rooms in new buildings. In existing buildings transoms shall be fixed in the closed position and shall be covered or otherwise protected to provide a fire.resistance rating at least equivalent to that of the wall in which they are installed.

SECTION 11-5. LODGING OR ROOMING HOUSES

11-51. GENERAL 11-5111. This part of this Section applies only to lodging or rooming houses providing sleeping accommodations for less than 15 persons,

as specified in 11-0001. 11-5112. In addition to the following provisions, every lodging or rooming house shall comply with the minimum requirements for

1- and 2-family dwellings.

11-52. EXIT DETAILS 11-521. Number, Type, and Access to Exits

Every sleeping room above the street floor shall have ac- 11-5211. separate means of exit, at least one of which shall consist of cess to 2 an enclosed interior stairway, an exterior stairway, a fire escape or

a horizontal exit. • "s shall be arranged to provide a safe path of

11-5212. tAlloets~e of the building without traversing any corridor travel to or space exposed to an unprotected vertical opening.

Exception: Traversing unprotected vertical openings may be permitted in existing sprinklered buildings.


11-5213. Any sleeping room below the street floor shall have direct access to the outside of the building.

11-53. P R O T E C T I O N

11-531. Alarm System

11-5311. A manual fire a larm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 6-3.

Exception l: Buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 6-4.

Exception 2: Buildings equipped with an automatic fire detection system m accordance with Section 6-3.

SECTION 11-6. 1- AND 2-FAMILY DWELLINGS

11-61. GENERAL

11-6111. This part of this Section covers 1- and 2-family private dwellings, as specified in 11-0001. Where the occupancy is so limited, the only requirements applicable are those in 11-6211 through 11-6411.

11-62. EXIT DETAILS

11-621. Number, Type, and Access to Exits

11-6211. In any dwelling of More than 2 rooms, every room used for sleeping, living, or:dining pro'poses shall have at least 2 means of egress, at least one of which shall be a door or stairway providing a means of unobstructed travel to the outside of the building at street or ground level. No room or space shall be occupied for living or sleeping purposes which is accessible only by a ladder, folding stairs or through a trap door.

11-6212.* Every sleeping room, unless it has 2 doors providing separate ways of escape, or has a door leading directly outside of the building, shall have at least 1 outside window. Such window shall be openable from the inside, without the use of tools, to provide a clear opening of not less than 22 inches in least dimension and 5 square feet in area. The bot tom of the opening shall be not more than 4 feet above the floor.

11-6213. No required .path of travel to the outside from any room shall be through another room or apar tment not under the immediate control of the occupant of the first room or his family, nor through a bathroom or other space subject to locking.

1716 REPORT OF COMMI'I~EE ON SAFETY TO LIFE SL-59

11-6214. No exit access from sleeping rooms to outside shall be

less than 3 feet wide.

11-622. Doors 11-6221. No interior door providing means of exit shall be less than

24 inches wide. 11-6222. Every closet door latch shall be such that children can open the door from inside the closet.

11-6223. Every bathroom door lock shall be designed to permit the opening of the locked door from the outside in an emergency.

11-623. Stairs 11-6231. The width, risers, and treads of every stair shall comply at least with the mirfimum requirements for Class B stairs, as described

in Section 5-3.

11-63. PROTECTION 11-6311. Interior finish of occupied spaces of new buildings shall be Class A, B, or C, as defined in Section 6-2; in existing buildings,

Class A, B, C or D.


11-641. Heating Equipment 11-6411. No stove or combustion heater shall be so located as to block escape in case of fire arising from malfunctioning of the stove

or heater.

78. Revise Chapter 12 to read asJollows: (The following is a complete presentation of Chapter 12, but only those items with vertical lines in the margin are considered changes and thereby subject to consideration by the Association.)

CHAPTER 12. MERCANTILE OCCUPANCIES

SECTION 12-1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

12-11. CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY

12-111. Mercantile occupancies shall include all buildings and structures or parts thereof with occupancy as described in 4-116.

12-112. Subclassification of occupancy.

1717 S L - 6 0 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101

12-1121. Mercantile occupancies shall be classified as follows:

Class A. All stores having aggregate gross area of 30,000 square feet or more, or utilizing more than 3 floor levels for sales purposes.

Class B. All stores of less than 30,000 square feet aggregate gross area, but over 3,000 square feet, or utilizing any balconies, mezzanines (See 12-1122), or floors above or below the street floor level for sales purposes.

Exception: I f more than 3floors are utilized, the store shall be Class A, regardless oaf area.

Class C. All stores of 3,000 square feet or less gross area, used for sales purposes on the street floor only. (Balcony permitted, see 12-1122.)

12-1122. For the purpose of the classification in 12-1121, the aggregate gross area shall be the total gross area of all floors used for mercantile purposes, and where a store is divided into sections by fire walls, shall include the area of all sections used for sales purposes. Areas of floors not used for sales purposes, such as a floor below the street floor used only for storage and not open to the public, shall not be counted for the purposes of the above classifications, but exits shall be provided for such nonsales areas in accordance with their occupancy as specified by other Chapters of this Code.

12-1123.* A balcony or mezzanine floor having an area less than one-half of the floor below shall not be counted as a floor level for the purpose of applying the classification of 12-1121, but if there are 2 balcony or mezzanine floors, 1 shall be counted.

12-1124. Where a number of stores under different management are located in the same building or in adjoining buildings with no fire wall or other standard fire separations between, the aggregate gross area of all such stores shall be used in determining classification as per 12-1121.

12-12. CLAssIFICATION OF HAZARD

12-1211". Mercantile occupancies shall be classed as ordinary hazard in accordance with Section 4-2.

Exception: Mercantile occupancies shall be classified as high hazard i~ high hazard commodities are displayed or handled without protective wrappings or containers, in which case the following additional provisions shall apply:

a. Exits shall be so located that not more than 75 feet of travel from any point is required to reach the nearest exit.

1718 R E P O R T O F C O M M I T T E E O N S A F E T Y T O L I F E SL-61

b. From every point there shall be at least 2 exits accessible by travel in different directions (no common path oJ travel). c. All vertical openings shall be enclosed.

12-13. O C C U P A N T LOAD

12-1311.* For purposes of determining required exits, the occupant load of mercantile buildings or parts of buildings used for mercantile purposes shall be not less than the following:

a. Street floor, 1 person for each 30 square feet gross floor area. In stores with no street floor as defined in Chapter 3, but with access directly from the street by stairs or escalators, the principal floor at the point of entrance to the store shall be considered the street floor. In stores where, due to differences in grade of streets on different sides, there are 2 or more floors directly accessible from streets (not including alleys or similar back streets), each such floor shall be considered a street floor for the purpose of determining occupant load. b. Sales floors below the street floor - - same as street floor.

¢. Upper floors, used for sales - - 1 person for each 60 square feet gross floor area. d. Floors or sections used only for offices, storage, shipping and not open to the general public - - 1 person for each 100 square feet gross floor area. e. Floors or sections used for assembly purposes - - occupant load determined in accordance with Chapter 8.

f. Covered Malls, 1 person for each 30 square feet gross floor area.

12-1312. In case of mezzanines or balconies open to the floor below, or other unprotected vertical openings between floors as permitted by 12-3112, the occupant load (or area) of the mezzanine or other subsidiary floor level shall be added to that of the street floor for the purpose of determining required exits, provided, however, that in no case shall the total number of exit units be less than would be required if all vertical openings were enclosed.

SECTION 12-2. EXIT DETAILS

12-21. GENERAL

12-2111. All exit facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 5 and this Chapter. Only types of exits specified in 12-22 shall be used as required exit facilities in any mercantile occupancy.

12-2112.* Where a stairway, escalatoi', outside stair, or ramp

S L - 6 2 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101 1719

serves 2 or more upper floors, the same stairway or other exit required to serve any 1 upper floor may also serve other upper floorS.

Exception: No z'nside open stairway, escalator, or ramp may serve as a required egressfacilityfiom more than ?floor.

12-2113. Where there are 2 or more floors below the street floor, the same stairway or other exit m a y serve all floors (same principle as stated in 12-2112 for upper floors), but all required exits from such areas shall be independent of any open stairways between street floor and the floor below it.

12-2114. Where a level outside exit f rom upper floors is possible owing to hills, such outside exits m a y serve instead of horizontal exits. If, however, such outside exits f rom the upper floor also serve as an entrance from a principal street, the upper floor shall be classed as a street floor in accordance with the definition in Chapter 3, and is subject to the requirements of this Section for street floors.

12-22. TYPES OF EXITS

12-2211.* Exits shall be restricted to the following permissible types:

Doors (see Section 5-2) Interior stairs, Class A or B, or smokeproof towers (see Section

5-3) Outside stairs (see Section 5-4) Horizontal exits (see Section 5-5) Ramps (see Section 5-6) Escalators (see Section 5-8) An existing interior stair or fire escape not complying with

Section 5-3 or Section 5-4 m a y be continued in use subject to the approval of the authori ty having jurisdiction.

12-23. CAPACITY OF EXITS

12-2311. The capaci ty of a uni t of exit width shall be as follows:

a. Doors including those leading to outside the building at the ground level or 3 risers above or below the ground level - - 100 persons per unit of exit width.

b. Class A or Class B interior stairs, smokeproof towers, or outside stairs - - 60 persons per unit of exit width.

c. Escalators - - same as stairs if qualifying as required exits.

d. Horizontal exits - - 100 persons per unit of exit width.

1 7 2 0 R POR oF o n SAF Y 30 LXF SL-6

12-2312. In Class A and Class B stores, street floor exit doors or horizontal exit doors, located as required by 12-25 and 12-26, shall be sufficient to provide the following numbers of units of exit width: a. One unit for each 100 persons capacity of street floor, plus b. One and one-half units for each 2 units of required stairways discharging through the street floor from floors below, plus c. One and one-half units for each 2 units of required stairways discharging through the street floor, plus d. One and one-half units for each 2 units of' escalator width discharging through the street floor where escalators qualify as required exits or as means of access to required exits. e. I f ramps are used instead of stairways, street floor doors shall be provided on the same basis as for stairways, with door width appropriate to-the rated discharge of ramps, per Section 5-6.

12-24. NUMBER OF EXITS 12-2411. In Class A and Class B stores at least 2 separate exits shall be accessible from every part of every floor, including floors below the street floor.

12-2412. In Class C stores, at least 2 separate exits shall be provided as specified by 12-2411.

Exception: Where no part of the Class C store is more than 50 feet from the street door, measured in accordance with 5--1191, a single exit shall be permitted.

12-25. ARRANGEMENT AND ACCESS OF EXITS 12-2511.* Exits shall be remote from each other and shall be arranged to minimize the possibility that both may be blocked by any emergency.

Exception: A common path may be permitted for the first 50feet from any point.

12-2512. The aggregate width of all aisles leading to each exit shall be equal to at least the required width of the exit.

12-2513. In no case shall any aisle be less than 28 inches in clear width.

12-2514. In Class A stores, at least one aisle of five feet minimum width shall lead dii'ectly to an exit.

12-2515. I f the only means of customer entrance is through 1 exterior wall of the building, two-thirds of the required exit width shall be located in this wall.

SL-64 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. I01 1721

12-2516. At least one-half of the required exits shall be so located as to be reached without going through check-out stands. In no case shall check-out stands or associated railings or barriers obstruct exits or required aisles or approaches thereto.

12-26. MEASUREMENT OF TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXITS

12-2611. Travel distance to exits, measured in accordance with 5-119, shall be no more ' than 100 feet.

Exception: An increase in the above travel distance to 750 feet shall be permitted in a building completely protected by an automatic sprinkler ~ystem m accordance with Section 6-4.

12-27. DISCHARGE FROM EXITS 12-271". In buildings with automatic sprinkler protection in accordance with Section 6-4, one-half of rated number of exit units of stairways, escalators or ramps serving as required exits, from floors above or below the street floor may discharge th rough the main street floor area instead of directly to the street, or through a fire- resistive passage to the street, provided that:

a. Not more than one-half of the required exit units from any single floor considered separately discharge through the street floor area.

b. The exits are enclosed in accordance with Section 6-1 to the street floor.

c. The distance of travel from the termination of the enclosure to an outside street door is not more than 50 feet.

d. The street floor doors provide sufficient units of exit width to serve exits discharging through the street floor in addition to the street floor itself, per 12-2312.

12-28. DOORS 12-2811. Every street floor door shall be in accordance with Section 5-2, and a horizontal exit door, if used in accordance with Section 5-5.

Exception: In Class C mercantile occupancies doors may swing inward where such doors serve only the street floor area.

12-2812.* Where revolving doors are used to provide part of the required number of units of street floor exit width, such doors shall be used in accordance with the provisions of Section 5-2.

12-2813. All doors at the foot of stairs from upper floors or at the head of stairs leading to floors below the street floor shall swing with the exit travel.


12-29. EXIT SIGNS AND LIGHTING 12-291. Every mercantile occupancy shall have exit illumination and signs in accordance with Section 5-10 and 5-11.

12-292. Every Class A and Class B store shall have emergency lighting facilities conforming to Section 5-10.

SECTION 12-3. PROTECTION

12-31. PROTECTION OF VERTICAL OPENINGS

12-3111.* Any stairway, elevator shaft, escalator opening or other vertical opening shall be enclosed or protected in accordance with Section 6-1 except as otherwise permitted by 12-312, 12-313, and 12-314.

12-3112. Exceptions for Class A stores. a. In any Class A store, openings may be unprotected between any 2 floors, such as open stairs or escalators between street floor and the floor below, or open stairs to second floor or balconies or mezzanines above the street floor level (not both to the floor below the street floor and above unless sprinklered). b. In any Class A store with automatic sprinklers in accordance with Section 6-4, openings may be unprotected under the conditions permitted by 6-1 or between the street floor and the floor below the street floor and between street floor and second floor, or if no openings to the floor below the street floor, between street floor, street floor balcony, or mezzanine, and second floor, but not more than between 3 floor levels. c. In existing Class A stores only, 1 floor above those otherwise permitted may be open if such floor is not used for sales purposes and the entire building is sprinklered.

12-3113. Exceptions for Class B stores. a. In any Class B store, openings may be unprotected between any 2 floors, such as open stairs or escalators between street floor and the floor below, or between street floor and mezzanine or second floor (but not to both the floor below the street floor and above unless sprinklered). b. In any Class B store with automatic sprinklers in accordance with Section 6-4, openings may be unprotected under the conditions permitted in 6-1 or between the floor below the street floor and street floor and between street floor and balcony or mezzanine and second floor. c. In any existing Class B store only, all floors permitted under Class

SL-66 A~E~DMENTS To NFW. NO. 101 1 7 2 3 .

B may have unprotected openings if the entire building is completely sprinldered in accordance with Section 6-4.

12-3114. Exceptions for Class C stores.

a. In any Class C store, openings may be unprotected between street floor and balcony.

b. In an existing building only, openings may be unprotected be* tween street floor and the floor below or second floor not used for sales purposes.

12-32. INTERIOR FINISH

12-321. Interior finish of exits of all stores shall be Class A or Class B, in accordance with Section 6-2.

12-322. In any Class A or Class B store, interior finish of the ceiling shall be Class A or Class B in accordance with Section 6-2 unless completely sprinklered in accordance with Section 6-4, in which case Class C may be used. In any Class A or Class B store, interior finish of the walls shall be Class A, Class B, or Class C in accordance with Section 6-2.

12-323. In any mercantile occupancy, exposed portions of structural members complying with the requirements for heavy timber construction may be permitted. Laminated wood shall not delami- nate under the influence of heat.

12-324. In a Class C store, interior finish shall be Class A, B, or C, in accordance with Section 6-2.

12-33. ALARM SYSTEMS

12-331. Class A and Class B stores shall be provided with a manual fire alarm system in accordance with Section 6-3.

Exception No. 1: Stores provided with automatic fire detection in accordance with Section 6--3.

Exception No. 2: Stores provided with automatic sprinklers in accordance with Section 6-4.

12-34. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER PROTECTION

12-341. Approved automatic sprinkler protection shall be installed in accordance with Section 6-4 in all mercantile occupancies as follows:

a. In all 1-story buildings over 15,000 square feet in area.

b. In all buildings over 1 story in height and exceeding 30,000 Square feet in gross area.

1724 REPORT OF ,COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE SL-67

c. Throughout floors-below the street floor having .an area exceed: ing 2,500 square feet when used. for the sale, storage, or.handling of combustible goods and merchandise. .

12-35. HAZARDOUS AREAS 12-351. A'n area used for general storage, boiler or furnace'ro0ms, fuel storage, janitor closets, maintenance shops including -wood- working .and painting areas,, and kitchens shall be separated- from other parts of the building by construction having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour, and all openings shall be protected with self-closing fire doors, or such areas shall be protected .by an automatic extingu!shing system. . . . . 12-352. Areas with high. hazard contents as defined in Section 4-2, shall be provided with both fire-resistive construction and automatic sprinkler protection. '~ :

SECTION 12-4~" BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT 12~-41. Air-Conditioning, Ventiiating, Heating, Cooking, and other Service Equipment shall be in accordance with Chapter 7.

12-42; . An elevator shall no t constitute required means 9f- exit. When mercantile occupancie.s ~i.re more than 3 stories high or more than 3 stories above the street floor and equipped with automauc elevators, one or more elevators shall b e designed and equipped for fire emergency use b y fire fighters as specified in Chapter ~7." Key'0peration shail transfer automatic elevator operation to manual and bring elevator to the street floor foe use of fire service. The elevator shall be situated so as to be readily accessible by the fire department.

SEcTIoN 12-5.. SPECIAL PROVISIONS 12-51. SELF-SERVICE STORES; '" ,' :i " 12-511. In any self-service store, no che'ck~oUt stand or associated railings or barriers shall obstruct exits or required aisles or approaches thereto. 12-512. In every self-service store where, wheeled carts.or buggies

. . . . . . . . . . . ~.adeouate ~ nrovision shall be mSde for the are usea oy UU~LUI|t~t~, ~t transit and parking of such cdrts to" minimize :the" possibility that they m a y obstruct exits.

12-52. OPEN-AIR MERCAI~. :ILEOPERATIONS 12~-52L. Ope n-air: mercantile operations, such as open-air markets, gasoline filling stations, roadside stands for .thesale of farm produce,

1725 SL'-68 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101

and other outdoor mercantile-operations shall be so arranged and. conducted as to maintain, free and unobstructed ways of travel at all times to permit prompt escape from any point of danger in case of fire or other emergency, with no dead ends in which persons might be trapped due ~t~ display stands, adjoining buildings, fences, vehicles, or other obstructions.

12-522. If mercantile operations are conducted in roof-over areas, they shall be treated as mercantile buildings, provided that canopies over individual small stands to protect merchandise from the weather shall not be construed to constitute buildings for the purposes of this Code.

12-53. COMBINED MI~ItCANTILE AND RESIDENTIAL OC- CUPANCIES

12-531. No dwelling unit shall have itssole means of exit through any mercantile occupancy in the same building, except in the case of a single family Unit where the family operates the store.

• , • . . - . .

12-532. N o multiple dwelling occupancy shall be located above a mercantile occupancy unless the dwelling occupancy and exits therefrom arc. separ~/ted from the mercantile occupancy by con- struetion having,a fire resistance of at least 1 hour, or unless the mercantile occupancy is protected by automatic sprinklers in accordance with Section 6-4, or in the case of existing buildings with not more than 2 d~velling units above the mercantile occupancy, by an automatic fire detection system'ln accordance with Section 6-3.

12-54. COVERED MALLS AND WALKWAYS

12-541. Definit ion of Covered Mall and Walkway. A covered or roofed interior area used as a pedestrian public way and connecting building(s) housing individual or multipletenants. Use of the term covered mall shall include covered walkways.

12-542. A covered mall and all buildings connected to it shal| be treated as a single mercantile building a n d shall be subject to the requirements for mercantile occupancies, except as "provided herein.

12-543. Exit Details. ~ .

12-5431. Every covered mall shall have. no less than two exits located remote from each other.

12-5432. No less than one-half the required exit width for each Class A or Class B store connectecL to a covered mall shall lead directly outside without passage through the mall.

1726 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO L IF E SL--69.

12-5433. Every mall shall be provided with unobstructed exit access, parallel to and adjacent to the connected buildings. This exit access shall extend to each mall exit.

12-5434. In no case shall an exit access through a covered mall be less than 12 feet in clear width.

79. Revise Chapter 13 to read as follows: (The following is a complete preseniation of Chapter 13, but only those

items with vertical lines in the margin are considered changes and thereby subject to consideration by the Association.)

CHAPTER 13. BUSINESS OCCUPANCIES

SECTION 13-1. GENERAL 13-11. Classification of Occupancy

• 13-1111. Business occupancies shall include all buildings and structures or parts thereof with occupancy described in 4-1.

13-12. Classification of Hazard of Contents 13-1211. The contents of business occupancies shall be classified as ordinary hazard in accordance with Section 4-2.

13-1212. For purposes of the design of an automatic sprinkler system, an office occupancy shall be classified as "light hazard occupancy", as identified by the appropriate Standard cited in

Appendix B.

13-13. Occupant Load 13-1311. For purposes of determining required exits, the occupant load of business buildings or parts of buildings used for business purposes shall be no less than 1 person per 100 square feet of gross

floor area. 13-1312. In the case of a mezzanine or balcony open to the floor below or other unprotected vertical openings between floors as permitted by 13-3111, the occupant load of the mezzanine or other subsidiary floor level shall be added to that of the street floor for the purpose of determining required exits. However, in no case shall the total number of exit units be less than would be required if all vertical openings were enclosed.

SECTION 13-2. EXIT DETAILS

13-21. General 13-2111. All exit facilities shall be in accordance with Chapter 5

SL-70 AM~,NDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101 1 7 2 7

and this Chapter. However, only types of exits specified in 13-22 may be used as required exit facilities in any business occupancy with access thereto and ways of travel therefrom in accordance with Section 5-1.

13-2112. If owing to differences in grade, any street floor exits are at points above or below the street or ground level, such exits shall comply with the provisions for exits from upper floors or floors below the street floor.

13-2113.* Where a stairway, escalator, outside stair, or ramp serves 2 or more upper floors, the same stairway or other exit required to serve any one upper floor may also serve other upper ~OOrs.

Exception: No inside open stairway, escalator, or ramp may serve as a required egressJacilityfrom more than 7floor.

13-2114. Where 2 or more floors below the street floor are occupied for business use, the same stairways, escalators or ramps may serve each.

Exception: No inside open stairway, escalators or ramp may serve as a required egressfacilityJrom more than 7floor level.

13-2115. Floor levels below the street floor used only for storage, heating, and othe'r service equipment, and not subject to business occupancy, shall have exits in accordance with Chapter 15.

13-22. TYPES OF EXITS

13-2211. Exits shall be restricted to the following permissible types: Doors (See Section 5-2) Interior stairs, Class A or B, or smokeproof towers (See Section

5-3) Outside stairs (See Section 5-4) Horizontal exits (See Section 5-5) Ramps (See Section 5-6) Escalators (See Section 5-8) An existing interior stair or fire escape not complying with

Section 5-3 or Section 5-4 may be continued in use subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

13-2212. Slide escapes, elevators or other types of exit facility no t specified in 13-2211 shall not be used to provide required exits from any business occupancy.

13-23. CAPACITY OF EXITS

13-2311. The minimum width of any corridor or oassa~ewav

1 7 2 8 RE oR or on S L T t

serving as a required exit or means of travel to or from a required exit shall be 44 inches in the clear. 13-2312. The capacity of a unit of exit width shall be as follows:

a. Doors, including those leading outside the building at the ground level or 3 risers above or below the ground l e v e l - one unit for

100 persons. b. Class A or Class B stairs, outside stairs or smokeproof towers

one unit for 60 persons ¢. Ramps: Class A - - one unit for 100 persons

Class B - - one unit for 60 persons

d. Escalators - - one unit for 60 persons e. Horizontal e x i t s - one unit for 100 persons, but no more than

50 percent of exit capacity. 13-2313. Any street floor exit, arranged as required by 13-24 and 13-26, shall be sufficient to provide the following numbers of

units of exit width: a. One unit for each 100 persons capacity of the street floor, plus

b. One and one-half units for each 2 units of stairway, ramp or escalator from upper floors discharging through the street floor, plus

¢. One and one-half units for each 2 units of stairway, ramp or escalator from floor levels below the street floor.

13-24. NUMBER OF EXITS 13-2411. Not less than 2 exits shall be accessible from every part of every floor, including floor levels below the street floor occupied for office purposes or uses incidental thereto.

Exception No. 1: For a room or area with a total occupant load of less than 100 persons (or less than 50 i f a commercial place oJ assembly - - see Chapter 8),having direct exit to the street or to an open area outside the building at the ground level, with a total travel distance f rom any point oJ not over lOO feet, a single exit may be permitted. Such travel shall be on the same floor level, or i f the traversing of stairs is required, these shall not be more than 15feet in height, and such stairs shall be provided with complete enclosures to separate them from any other part of the building, with no door openings therein. Exception No. 2: Any 3-story business building not exceeding 3,000 square feet gross floor area per floor may be permitted with a single stairway to the third floor, i f the total travel distance to the outside oJ

buildin does not exceed 100 feet , i f such stairway does not corn- the . . g.., _,L__ a . . . . ,,d i f it is fully enclosed or is an outside muntcate wttn any u~n~, j~,,,,, -.. =, ~ stairway.


13-25. ARRANGEMENT OF AND ACCESS TO EXITS

13-2511.* Exits shall be remote from each other and shall be arranged to minimize the possibility that both may be blocked by any emergency.

Exception: A common path may be permitted for the first 50feet from any point.

15-26. MEASUREMENT OF TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXITS

13-2611.* Travel distance to exits, measured in accordance with 5-119, shall be no more than 200 feet.

Exception: An increase in the above travel distance to 300feet shall be permitted in a building completely protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 6-4.

13-27. DISCHARGE FROM E X I T S .

13-2711. At least half of th~ required number, of units 'of exit width from upper floors, exclusive of horizontal exits, shall lead directly to the street or through a yard, court, or passageway with protected openings and separated from all parts of the interior of the building.

13-2712. A maximum of 50 percent of the exits may discharge through areas on the floor of discharge provided:

a. Such exits discharge to a free and unobstructed way to the exterior of the building, which way is readily visible and identifiable from the point of discharge from the exit.

b. The floor into which the exit discharges is provided with automatic sprinkler protection and. any other area with access to the level of discharge is provided with automatic sprinkler protection or separated from it in accordance with the requirements for the enclosure of exits (see 5-114).

e. The entire area on the floor of discharge is separated from areas below by construction having a minimum of 2-hour fire-resistance rating.

13-28. EXIT SIGNS AND LIGHTING

13-2811. Exit illumination shall be provided in accordance with Section 5-10.

13-2812. In any office building subject to occupancy by 1,000 or more persons, emergency lighting shall be provided in accordance with Section 5-10.

1730 REpoI~T OF cOMMITTEE ON SAFIgTY TO LIFE 8L-73

13-2813. Signs designating exits and ways of travel thereto shall be provided in accordance with Section 5-11.

SECTION 13-3. PROTECTION 13-31. PROTECTION OF VERTICAL OPENINGS 13,-3111. Every stairway, elevator shaft, escalator opening, and other vertical opening shall be enctosect or protected in accordance

with Section 6-1. Exception .No. 7: Unprotected vertical openings connecting not more than 3floors used for offce occupancy only may be permitted in accordance with

the conditions of Section 6--1. o 2" In existing buildings only, where provided with com.

Exception ~ . • . . . . . . . . - - - ; - accordance with Section 6-4, a t 2 c S rtn/g/er [ 3 r o ~ e ~ t u r ~ . , , Olete autom P . . . . . ~ :e -o unprotected vertical opening

, o enin s may ve unprotec~eu ,j ,, r vertical p g % " -~ ---:, facilit~ and all required exits art o any reqmrea rx,, j ,I, serves as any p. ~J " -- , ,a--~e with Section 5-3, outszde

, s m o l f e r o o f t o w e r s z n a c c ~ . - u ~ . . consist of . P . . . . . • ~ Jr n- t,,, 'rontal exzts m accordance stairs in accordance wztlz 6ectwn J - ' , , - . . . . . z.. with Section 5--5.

13-3112. Floors below the street floo~ used-, for storage or other than business occupancy shall have no unprotected openings to

business occupancy floors.

13-32. Interior Finish • . erior finish of exits, and of enclosed corridors furnish-

13-3211 In t _c ~ravel therefrom shall, be .Class A ereto or ways ut t ing access th , . .~t c_~,--~ t;_~ n Class C if sprmldered

or Class B in accoraance wire o~,~t,,,,, v - , vr in accordance withSect ion 6-4.

neral office areas, Class A, Class B, or Class C 13-3212._ I n gei . . . . . . . :a*d in accordance with Section 6-2. interior ttmsn snail De provtu,-

13-33. ALARM SYSTEMS 13-3311. A manual fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with Section 6-3 if the total capacity of the building is over 1,000 persons, or if more than 200 persons are employed above or

below the street floor. Exception No. I: In buildings provided with automatic sprinkler pro-

tection in accordance with Section 6-d. Exception No. 2: In buildings provided with automatic fire detection

in accordance with Section 6-3.

SL-74 AMENDMENTS T O N F P A N O . 1 0 1 1731

13--34. HAZARDOUS AREAS 13-3411.* Any area used for general storage, boiler or furnace rooms, fuel storage, janitor closets, maintenance shops including wood- working and painting areas, and kitchens shall be separated from other parts of the building by construction having a fire-resistance adng of not less than 1 hour. and all openings shall be protected r . .

~¢ith self-closing fire doors, or such areas shall be provided with automatic extinguishing equipment.

13-5412. High hazard areas, as defined in Section 4-2, shall be protected by both fire rated construction and automatic extinguishing equipment.

sECTION 13-4. BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT

13-41. Air conditioning, ventilation, heating, commercial cooking, and other service equipment shall be in accordance with Chapter 7.

13-42. An elevator shall not constitute required means of exit. When office occupancies are more than 3 stories high or more than 3 stories above the street floor and equipped with automatic elevators, one or more elevators shall be designed and equipped for fire emergency use by fire fighters as specified in Chapter 7. Key operation shall transfer automatic elevator operation to manual and bring elevator to the street floor for use of fire service. The elevator shall be situated so as to be readily accessible by the fire department.

SECTION 13-5. COMBINED BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE OCCUPANCY

13-51. In any building occupied for both business and mercantile purposes, the entire building shall have exits in accordance with Chapter 13.

Exception: IJ mercantile occupancy sections are effectively segregated from business sections, exit facilities may be treated separately.

SECTION 13-6. "HIGH-RISE" BUILDINGS 13-fl.* See Appendix A.

CHAPTER 16. MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES 80. /6-4113: Revise to read as follows:

16-4113. Any underground structure or windowless building for Which no natural lighting is provided, subject to occupancy by more than 100 persons in any room or fire area, shall be provided with emergency lighting in accordance with Section 5-10.


CHAPTER 17. OPERATING FEATURES

81. 17-1412: Revise to read as follows: 17-1412. Systems shall be tested at intervals recommended by the appropriate standards listed in Appendix B. 82. 17-2111: Amend by changing the second "or", to "and" .

83. 17-2153: Add new item as follows: 17-2153. The authority having jurisdiction shall impose controls on the amount and arrangement of combustible contents (including decorations) in places of assembly to provide an adequate level of safety to life from fire. 84. 17-4111: Amend the second paragraph by omitting the last portion. The remainder of the item will read: "The provisions of 17-4113 to 17--4127 inclusive shall apply." 85. 17-4113: Revise the second sentence to read: "Drills shall be conducted quarterly on each shift to familiarizeht~Pi,mu~ePers°nnel used' and add thl following to the end beginning " : . . . . , instead of audible alarms." 86. 17-412:: Revise this subsection to read:. 11--4121. Upon discovery of fire, personnel shall immediately take the following action: a. If any person is involved in the fire, the discoverer shall go to the aid of that person calling aloud an established code phrase. The use of a code provides for both the immediate aid o f any endangered person and the transmission of an alarm. Any person in the area, upon hearing the code called aloud, shall transmit the interior alarm using the nearest manual alarm station. b. If a person is not involved in the fire, the discoverer shall transmit the interior alarm using the nearest manual alarm station. c. Personnel, upon hearing the alarm signal, shall immediately execute their duties as outlined in the institutional fire safety plan.

17-4122..No change. 17--4123..No change. 17-4124..No change. 17-4125. Delete old 17-4125, which was worked into item 17-4121, and renumber old 17-4126 to become 17-4125. 17-4126. Replace with old 17-4127, revised as follows beginning with

condition number 2: 2 . . . . During a malfunction of the interior alarm system. Personnel hearing the code announced shall first transmit the

interior alarm using the nearest manual alarm station and shall then immediately execute their duties as outlined in the institutional fire safety plan.

1733 S L - 7 6 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101

87. S E C T I O N 17-7: Amend by changing title to " B U S I N E S S O C - C U P A N C I E S " .

Appendix A Notes t o Chapter 4

88. A4-112. Amend this appendix note by the addition of the following: • . . The need for alternate exit routes for small commercial places of assembly, such as restaurants, lounges, theatres, etc., with capacities of as few as 50 persons, is specially treated in this method of classification. Special conference rooms, snack areas, etc., incidental to and under the control of the management of other occupancies, such as offices, fall under the 100-person limitation.

Appendix A Notes to Chapter 5

89. A-5-1171. Amend by adding a new paragraph to read:

Attention is called to the fact that it is difficult in actual practice to construct scissor stairs so that products of combustion having entered one stairway do not penetrate into the other. Use as separate required exits is discouraged.

90. A-5-1215. Delete the entire appendix note.

91. A-5-213. Add: '% . . or should the occupants seek refuge on another O O T . ' '

92. A-5-3 /7 / . Add a new appendix note to explain new item 5--3171, to read:

A-5-3171. The following is guidance for specifying a level of performance for limitation of products of combustion from entering a smokeproof stair tower.

The smoke control system should ensure, on a 971~ percent basis for the geographical location of the building, that the atmosphere of the smokeproof ~Tmertwillnot, during a period of two hours, include a quantity of air emanating

. ,c . r e area mat ~s more man one percent ot the volume of the smokeproof stair tower.

The 9 7 ~ percent basis for the outside winter temperature may be obtained from the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.

93. A-5-3177. 0 ldA-5-3175.

94. A-5-10211. Delete.

95. A-5--10212. Delete.

96. A-5-10213. Ddete.

97. A-5-10214. Amend the second paragraph to read:

Dry batteries are not suitable. For proper selection and maintenance of appropriate batteries, refer to Sections 700-7 and 700-22 of the National Electrical Code.

98. A-5-10221. Add a new appendix note, as follows:

A-5-1022L When approved by the authority having jurisdiction, this requirement may he met by means such as:


a. Use present 5-10223a. . _ • , .

b. Use present 5-10223b. c. Electric battery-operated emergency, lighting systems, where pe. rmitted,

complying with the provisions of Section 5-10214, and operating on a separate circuit and at a voltage different from that of the primary light. Refer to Section 700v-7 of the National Electrical Code.

These requirements are not intended to prohibit the connection of a feeder serving exit lighting "and similar emergency functions ahead of the service disconnecting means, but such provision does not constitute an acceptable alternate source Of posver. It furnishes only supplementary protection for emergency electrical functions, particularly when intended to permit the fire department to . open the main disconnect without hampering exit activities. Provision should be made to alert the fire department that certain power and lighting is fed by an emergency generator and will continue operation after the service disconnect is opened. " "

99. A-5-10231. Delete.

100. A-5-1023 ~3. Delete.

101. A-5-1024L Delete. :

102. A-5-10243. Delete. ~

Appendix A Notes ~ . - - - •

to Chaptex 6 :-

103. A--6--1115. Delete.

104. Add the following new appendix' note: A-6-1212. NFPA No. 13 should be referenced for details on .the sprinkler] draft curtain method of protection of escalator open!rigs. "'

105. A-6-2112: Add the .following new Appendix. note (Jorm'erly Tenta- tive Interim Amendment in the 1970 edition): A-6-2112. This paragraph recognizes that traditional finish floors and floor coverings such as wood flooring and resilient floor Eoverings have not pi'oved to present an unusual hazard. The use in recent years of many new finishes and soft floor coverings of unknown fire characteristics and the fire record of some of these indicate that the authority having jurisdiction should request test information on any finish floor or floor covering which has fire characteristics with which he is not familiar. In some cases he may wish to identify the finish floor or floor covering as interior finish and to set limitations on its fire characteristics. It is suggested that such limitations permit finish floors and floor coverings to be in one class higher than the class required in the occupancy chapters of this Code for specific locations; e.g., where Class A is specified, Class B may be used for floor coverings or floor finishes.

106. A-6-4112: Add the`following to this appendix note: The foregoing is not true in those cases where early ,detection of incipient fire and early notification of occupants are needed to initiate actions, in behalf of life safety earlier than can be expected from heaGsefisiiive fii:e .deiectm's. For example, see Institutional Occupancy requiremen~ for fire alarm, detection, and extinguishment.

107. Add the following neio appendix note: A--6-6.. It is desirable to keep'doors in :a fire separation, horizontal exit or smoke partition closed at all times to impede the travel of smoke arid fire gases.

1735 S L - 7 8 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. I 01

Functionally, however, this involves decreased efficiency and, for example, fionaits patient observation by the professional staff of an institution. To ac-

mmodate these necessities it is practical to presume that such doors will be kept open even to the :dxtent of emplo~,ing wood chocks and other makeshift dev'iees. All doors described in Section 6--6 should, therefore, be equipped with electrical hold-open devices, activated by all required fire detection methods, regardless of whether or not the original installation of the doors was redicated o n a policy of keeping them closed P

• ° , . . .

108. Add the following new appendix note: A-6--611. In occupancies where evacuat ion is a last resort or' is expected to i~e otherwise delayed, smoke' partitions and doors therein will require a degree of firethroughresistance16),, as specified by the requirements found, in the occupancy chapters

/09. Renumber form~. A-6-6111, and amend the opening statement, as follows: " - A-..6-613. Doors in smoke partitions, while not e q u i v a l e n t . . .

110. Renumber former A - 6 - 6 U 2 to become A - 6 - 7 U , and add the)Col- lowing paragraph: . . . . . . .

A 1 ~ inch solid bonded wood core door has been considered ,the equivalent to a door with a 20-minute fire protection rating.

• d i ' . . . . ,. A p p e n x A N o t e s to C h a p t e r 8

III. A-8-1131: Add the following new appendix note: A-8-1131. The need for alternate exit routes for small commercial places of assembly, such as.restaurants, lounges, theatres, etc., with capacities of as few as 50 persons, is specially treated by this definition. Special conference rooms, snack areas, etc. incidental t o and under the control of the management of other occupancies, such as offices, fall• under the 100-person limitation

A p p e n d i x A N o t e s to C h a p t e r 10 '

I12. Revise Chapter 10 Appendix Notes as follows (The following is a complete presentation of the appendix notes for Chapter /0; only those items noted by marginal lines are amendments): A-10-1133. Doctors offices, treatment, and diagnostic facilities intended solely for out-patient care and physically separated from facilities for the treatment or care of in-patients, hut otherwise associated with the management of an institution, may be classified as Office Occupancy, rather than Institutional Oc- cupancy. - . . . .

1-10-1211. Ramps are undesirable in hospitals and nursing homes became of the accident hazard in both.normal and emergency traffic except in the case of ramps of extremely gradual slope, which require so much space as to he im- practicable in most situations. They are, however, the only practicable method of moving patients in beds from one story to another, except by elevators which may not be available under fire conditions. The best plan is to provide for horizontal egress to another section of the building, minimizing the need for complete evacuation.

Ramps may he the best means for providing egress from doors 2 or 3 steps above or below the grade level, and also to compensate for minor difficulties

1 7 3 6 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE SL-79

in floor levels between adjoining sections of buildings. Such ramps should be in accordance with 10-1271. A-10-1221. These exit capacities, which are substantially !ess th.an for other parts of this Code dealing with exits for occupants in normal nealth, are based on the assumption that some of the occupants cannot leave wi thout physical assistance, and some may have to be carr ied or moved in beds.

A-10--1244. I t is desirable to keep doors in a fire separation, horizontal exit or smoke part i t ion closed at all t imes to impede the travel of smoke and fire gases. Functionally, however, this invol s e cie z observation by the professlonat start ot an msu~uuol).; ,xo ,,~ ~uese necessities it is practical to presume that such doors wm oe xept open even to the extent of employing wood chocks and o t h e r makeshift devices. AH doors described in Section 10-1244 should, thereIore, De eqmppeu w~m electrical hold-open devices, activated by the methods described in a, b and c, regardless of whether or not the original installation of the doors was predicated on a policy of keeping them closed. A-10-1261. In plan.ning exits, a r rangements should be__madeoortosetransfer patients f rom one seeUon of a floor to anotlaer secuon oz me ~;~|tt~ v lJgtt etl.cQ by a fire parti t ion or smoke parti t ion in such a manner that patients con. fined to their beds ma~, be transfeo'ed in their beds. Where the building design will permit , the section of the corridor containing an entrance or elevator lobby should be separated from corridors leading from it by fire or smoke partitions. Such an ar rangement , where the lobby is centrally located will, in effect, produce a smoke lock, placing a double barrier, between the area to which patients may be taken and the area from which they must be evacuateu oecanse of threatening smoke and fire. A-10-1281. See NFPA. 76A Standard for Essential Electrical Systems for

Hospitals. A-10-131. In planning exits, a r rangements should be made to transfer patients from one section of a floor to another section of the same floor separated by a fire parti t ion or smoke parti t ion in such a manner that patients confined to their beds may be transferred in" their beds. Where the building design will permit , the section of the corridor containing an entrance or elevator lobby should be separated from corridors leading from it by fire or smoke paru. tions. Such an arrangement , where the lobby is centrally located will, in effect, produce a smoke lock, placing a double barrier between the area to which patients may be taken and the area from which they must be evacuated because of threatening smoke and fire. A-10-132. See NFPA No. 220 for definitions of construction types.

T A B L E A-10-152

C O N S T R U C T I O N T Y P E S AND SPRINKLE_R__REQUIREMENTS N E W I N S T I T U T I O N A L OCCUPANUt~ .~

Cons t ruc t ion Stories Type 1 2 3 over 5

Fire Resistive X X X X Protected Noncombust ible X X * X * Noncombust ib le X * Heavy T imber X * Protected Ordinary X * Protected Wood Frame X *

tKey: X = Allowed types of construction * = Building requires automatic fire extinguishment protection

-80 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101 1737

A_I0--1525. Examples of special care rooms are recovery.rooms, intensive care units, coronary s are umts, and dialysis units. Special nursing care areas present a narficularly mmcult cleslgn problem because of the obstacles to the evacuation :E, mtients housed in such areas and the dependence on mechanical ventilation o3 ~a~ens that are unfenestrated.

In ¢xceptin.g from the requirements for fenestration s.p.ec, ial care areas which are not oc.cuplea on a .twenty-four-hour basis, along with new-born nurseries, it is felt that the mgn incidence of direct nursing supervision of .all patients ,.:~ these areas and m" general a high degree of mobility, reduces the likelihood that patients will be trappe;:l in a smoky fire.

However, when provision of even minimal fenestration is impossible, con- servative design, should provide some added protection such as individual wrinkler protecuon of~uch enc!osed, areas as closets and pantries, early warning by detectors o, prouucts or comtmsoon other than heat, or h~gh-volume exhaust ventilation-

A-10-1331. Sink .close.ts should not be used for the storage of flammable or combm.tible supp!les. Sink closets, bathrooms, and toilets having a door which opens mrecuy to me corrlaor nceo not comply with these provisions.

A-10-1361. Alarm sending stations should be so located as to be readily available in all po.ruons ot the premises, to the end that when a fire is discovered by anyone who is qualified to send an alarm, he may reach a station from which aidmay be summoned without being required to leave the zone of his ordinary activities or to p.ass out of the sight and hearing of those immediately exposed by or in direct wew ot the fire. The operation of an alarm sending station should automatically act to summon aid of at tendants for the purpose of assisting in the removal of physically helpless occupants and in controlling mentally in- competent occupants.

The system required by this paragraph may be incorporated with an automatic fire detection system if so equipped as to perform both functions.

A-10-1364. See Table A-10-132 for summary of buildings requiring automatic sprinkler protection.

A-10-1371. For flammable liquid storage, reference should be made to NFPA Standard 30. Rooms in clinical laboratories in which automatic processing of specimens with flammable solvents is likely to take place when the equipment is unattended present a limited hazard which may be more readily protected through use of sprinklers connected to the domestic water supply. Provisions for the enclosure of rooms used for charging linen and waste chutes or for the rooms into which chutes empty are provided in Chapter 7. In addition to the ~.,-resistive cutoff of rooms into which linen chutes and waste chutes discharge, automatic sprinkler protection is considered essential. Provisions for the v ro - tectlun of storage facilities for flammable gases and oxygen are covered in NI~PA No. 56A, Code for the Use of Inhala t ion Anesthetics, and NFPA No. 56F, 8tsndard for Nonflammable Medical Gas Systems.

A-10-1412. One purpose of this paragraph is to prevent the ignition of clothing, bedclothes, furniture, or other furnishings by the heating device. Overcoming this possibility may be accomplished through the design of the device or through the installation of it as by a suitable guard or enclosure. It is generally agreed that the maximum acceptable temperature to which combustible materials may be exposed for prolonged periods of time is in the order of 160 ° to 190 ° F.

&'10-2122. In some cases appreciable cost may be involved in bringing an ¢ahting occupancy into compliance. Where this is true, it would be appropriate for the authority having jurisdiction to prescribe a schedule, determined jointly with the institution allowing suitable periods of time for the correction of


the various deficiencies and giving due weight to the ability of the owner to secure the necessary funds• A-10-2142. Doctors offices, treatment, and diagnostic facilities intended solely for out atient care and physically separated from facilities for the treatment

"P . . . . . . . ~----=-e associated with the management ot an in- or care oI ln-pauentS, out OLIIUKWt~ stitution, may be classified as Office Occupancy, rather than Institutional

Occupancy. ,6,-10-2261. The waiver of swinging of doors in the direction of exit travel is based on the assumption that in this oc. cup ah0y there._wi~ll_, ben°:Pm°tssi~flti~::e~. panic rush which might prevent opemng ot ooors swmgtn$ a~,~

A desirable arrangement, possible with corridors 8 feet or more in width, is to have two 42-inch doors, normally closed, each swinging with the exit travel (in opposite directions). A-10-232. See NFPA 220 for definition of construction types..

Table A-10-232 Construction Types .and.Sprinkler Requirement#

~ ; d l n g Instituuonal occupanmes

Construction Stories Type l 2 3 over 3

Fire Resistive X X X- X Protected Noncombustible X X* X* Noncombustible X* X* Heavy Timber X : X* Protected Ordinary X* Protected Wood Frame X* X* Ordinary X* Frame X*

iKey: X = Allowed types of construction * _- Building requires automatic fire extinguishment protection

A-10-2341. Section 6-2 provides for the application of approved fiame- • " " certain retardant coatings to correct excesstve flame spread charactertsucs of types of existing interior finish. A-I0--2352. See NFPA No. 220 for definitions of construction types. See also A-10-232 for summary of buildings requiring automatic sprinkler protection.

A-10-2412. One purpose °f this Paragraph is t° prevent the igniti°n °f cl°thing' bedclothes furnitdre, or other furnishings by the heating device. Overcoming this ibi'lity may be accomplished thr t~gh the design of thedeTnCea~ t =h ro~ the imlm~Sstt~lation of it as by a smtame guara or encms.u{e, xt ~ , : ~ ; ~ ~ _ ~ - ~ -: . . . . : . . . . . . .~L.Io , .m,~ra ture to wnicn comousuot~ : :m,~- ,~ mat me mammum a~yv~,,u:~ ~.--~.~ . . :_ :_ .k~ ^~der of 160 ° to 190 ° r may be exposed for prolongeo pertoos oi time m xu u,~ ,,.


• -11-2312: Amend editorially by changing "ways of travel," /:'3'exA access" and by preceding the last word"stairs" by the word"inch".

Appendix A Notes to Chapter I2

714. Revise Chapter 12, appendix notes as follows (editorial only):

1739 SL-82 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101

A-12-1123 . N o t e t h a t the omiss ion of 1 b a l c o n y f rom the c o u n t of n u m b e r of floor levels in th is case does no t w a i v e a n y of the ex i t r e q u i r e m e n t s a p p l y i n g to ba lconies .

A-12-1211. E x a m p l e s of h i g h h a z a r d m e r c a n t i l e o c c u p a n c • d i s la w r a p p e d a r t i c les f a b r i c a t e d f rom th in sheet~ ~r . . . . . . ~: . . . . . Y" p y of. un-

v , t ,y. v^y,,,~ p m s u c s u c n as a r t i f i c i a l flowers or toys ; d i spens ing of g u n p o w d e r or o t h e r exp los ives in b u l k ; d i s p e n s i n g of gaso l ine or f l a m m a b l e so lvents by p o u r i n g i n t o open c o n t a i n e r s .

A~lo2flo~ ~ - T h e s e f igures w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d o n the basis o f c o u n t s of the o - [aUc . . . . y p ~ a l s tore p u d d i n g s d u r i n g pe r iods of m a x i m u m o c c u n a n e v o p~pu~ ociort: ,~n r l s tmas or nurin~, snec ia l ,~l~q r . . . . r • -1 , . . . . •

L_ _ _ j _ p _~ ~- o~.~ . ,~, s o m e cases, m e a c t u a l occu a n may uc m o r e uense t h a n m n l c a t e d hw t h e - - ~ . . p cy

. . . . i ...~ac ngures , But It m a r e a s o n a b l assumed t h a t in a n l a r e • • . Y y be Y g m e r c a n t i l e b u i l d i n g , a l l a r ea s wil l n o t be sl c rowded a t the s a m e t i m e a n d th . . . . . . . . . . . "mi l a r ly

, ~ a v e r a g e o c c u p a n t loan shou ld s e l d o m ex these ngures , c e e d

In some types of stores, the o c c u p a n t l o a d wi l l n o r m a l l y be m u c h less t h ind ica ted , for e x a m p l e , in f u r n i t u r e s to . . . . . . . . a n

rcs. h o w e v e r , m e c h a r a c t e r o f m e r c a n t i l e opera t ions is sub jec t t o such r a p i d c h a n g e s t h a t i t is no t n r u d e n t m desl exit faci l i t ies to a s sume t h a t an . . . . . . . . . " . . . . "- " "gn ing

r ~,L,rc writ n e v e r De c r o w d e d , a n d for this re the same l o a d f igures a re used for a l l types of stores, a s o n

A-12-2112. U n d e r th is p a r a g r a p h , i f the second a n d th i rd floors of a s tore b u l l ing are e a c h r e q u i r e d to h a v e 3 0~ : . . . . . . . . '- . . . " d- serving the t h i rd floor so t h a t th°e "~'~y--~-' the second .hour m a y us.e the s t a i r w a y s

,,,,,,, , , u m o e r o t s t a i r w a y s r e q m r c d is 3, n o t 6.

A-12-2211. T h i s p r o h i b i t s as r e q u i r e d exits, fire escapes for n e w b u i l d i n g s , slide escapes for a n y m e r c a n t i l e o c c u p a n c y , n e w or existing;, a n d a n o th facil i ty no t in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h th . . . . " . . . . . Y er e x i t

c a p p u c a o l e provlsxons o t the Life Safe ty C o d e .

A-12-2511. ThE pu rpose of th is p a r a g r a p h is to avo id pocke t s o r d e a d e n d such size as to i nvo lve un ,,~ -~ . . . . . . ¢ _ . s o f

d ~ ~ a . s c r t,~ pe r sons o e m g t r a p p e d t he r e to in of fire. I t p e r m i t s smal l a r . . . . . . . i. . . . . - - " " case ~,~ ~u~.. as r o o m s or a lcoves w i t h o n l y one w a y o u t

where the d i s t ance is smal l e n o u g h so t h a t the re is l i t t le l i k e l i h o o d t h a t a f ire migh t deve lop to such p ropor t i ons as to b lock e scape before the o c c u p a n t s w e r e aware of the f i r e a n d m a d e the i r w a y out .

I t shou/d be no t ed t h a t w h e r e a r ea s a r e d i v i d e d in to rooms, the d i s t a n c e of 50 feet to r o o m door p e r m i t t e d by 5 -119 is n o t to be a d d e d to the 50-foot c o m m o n path of t r ave l p e r m i t t e d by 12-2511.

A-12-2711. T h e basis for the a b o v e e x c e p t i o n to the g e n e r a l r u l e on corn . enclosure of exi ts u • - . p l e t e is t h a t w i th th p . t o the i r p o i n t of d i s c h a r g e to the ou t s ide of the bu i l d ing ,

e s p e c m e n sa teguards , r e a s o n a b l e s a f e ty is m a i n t a i n e d .

A s t a i r w a y is no t cons ide red to d i s c h a r g e t h r o u g h the s t ree t f loor a r e a i f i t leads to the s t ree t t h r o u g h a f i re-resist ive enc losu re s e p a r a h n ~ i t f r o m the m " area, even t h o u g h there a re doors b e t w e e n t h e first f loor sla~'rway l a n d i n g the m a i n aar~ a rea .

T h e provis ions of 12-2711 shou ld no t be confused w i t h open s t a i r w a y s as permit ted by 12-3112.

A-12-2812. T h i s Sec t ion r equ i res a d j o i n i n g s w i n g i n g doors, p r o h i b i t s revo lv- ing doors a t the foot of stairs , and ra tes e a c h r e v o l v i n g door as o n e - h a l f a un i t o f exit w id th i r respec t ive of the a c t u a l to ta l w i d t h of the r e v o l v i n g door .

A-12-3111. See 12-1312 for p rov is ions on d e t e r m i n i n g o c c u p a n t l o a d for ex i t purposes where ver t ica l open ings a re u n p r o t e c t e d .

1740 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE S L - 8 3


/15. Revise the Appendix notes of Chapter 13 to read as follows (only those items indicated by vertical lines in the margin are amendments):

A-13-2113. Under this paragraph, if the second and third floor of a business building were each required to have 3 stairways, the second floor may use the stairways serving the third floor so that the total number of stairways required is 3, not 6. A-13-2511. Unless exits are suitably located, these requirements may interfere with the practice in multiple tenant buildings of renting a wing or large section to a single tenant who closes the corridor with a door subject to locking and treats the corridor inside the door as part of his general office space.

A-13-2611. The allowance of up to 50 feet additional travel into the low- occupancy room, when measured in accordance with 5-119, leads to possible cumulative travel distances up to 250 feet, or 350 feet in a building completely protected by an automatic sprinkler system.

A-13-61. In the design of high-rise buildings, special consideration should be given to a life safety system including, among others, the following features:

Movement of occupants to safety

Control of fire and smoke

Psychological features

Communications

Elevators Emergency planning

Overall system reliability

Part II

( C h a p t e r 11)

1. 11-2263: Add a new item asJollows:

1 1 - 2 2 6 3 . D o o r s b e t w e e n gues t r o o m s a n d cx)r r idors sha l l be

self-closing.

2. 11-323d: Add a new item asJollows:

1 1 - 3 2 3 4 . D o o r s b e t w e e n a p a r t m e n t s a n d c o r r i d o r s s h a l l be sclf.

c los ing .


Part I I I

1. Add theJollowing new Sections 9-7, 9-8, and 9-9 to Chapter 9:

SECTION 9-7. CHILD DAY CARE CENTERS

9-71.* A P P L I C A T I O N

9-7111. This section establishes life safety requirements for child day care centers, in which more than 12 children receive care, maintenance and supervision for 24 hours or less per day.

9-7112. For the purposes of this section, children are classified in. age groups, as follows: Children under 3 years of age, children from 3 through 5 years of age, and children 6 years of age and older.

9-7113. The text principally applies to centers for children under 3 years of age. Variances for centers housing children 3 years of age and older are indicated.

9-7114. Centers housing children 6 years of age and older shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 9, Educational Occupan- cies, except as noted herein.

9-7115. Where a facility houses more than one age group, the requirements for the younger children shall apply, unless the area housing the younger children is maintained as a separate fire area.

9-7116. Where centers are located in a building containing mixed occupancies, the separation requirements of the locally applicable building code or, if none exists, a nationally recognized model code, shall be satisfied.

9-712. Occupant Load

9-7121. The occupant load for which means of egress shall be provided for any floor shall be the maximum number of persons intended to occupy that floor but not less than one pfrson for each 35 square feet of net floor area used by the children.

9-72. E X I T DETAILS

9-721. Number

9-7211. Each floor occupied by children shall have not less than two remote exits. All such exits shall discharge directly to the outside.

1 7 4 2 REPORT OF cOMMITTEE ON sAFETY TO LIFE SL-85

9-7212. The story below the floor of exit discharge may be used in buildings of fire-resistive construction, protected noncombustible construction, protected wood frame construction and protected ordinary construction, if the following conditions are met: a. For up to 30 children there shall be two remote exits. One exit shall discharge directly outside and the vertical travel to ground level shall not exceed 8 feet. There shall be no unprotected opening into the enclosure of the second exit. b. For over 30 children a minimum of two exits shall be provided directly outside with one of the two exiting at ground level.

not required if Exception No. 1: The exit directl~ to ground level is the exits are protected in accordance with 5-114 except that there shall be no openings into the exit other than .for ingress and egress. Products of combustion detectors, other than heat, shall be provided in that

story and the story of discharge. Exception No. 2: The exit directly to ground level is not required if one exit complies with Exception 1 and sprinklers are used in that story

and the story of exit discharge.

9-722. Access to Exits 9-7221. Travel distance (a) between any room door intended as exit access and an exit shall not exceed 100 feet; (b) between any point in a room and an exit shall not exceed 150 feet; (c) between any point in a sleeping room or suite and an exit access door of that room or suite shall not exceed 50 feet. The travel distance in (a) and (b) above may be increased by 50 feet in buildings completely equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system. Travel distance shall be measured in accordance with 5-1191.

avel disiance to exits in open plan centers for children Exception: The tr. . . . . . ~. : . . . . . . . d nce with 9--215for open plan 3years oJ age ana otaer sna, o~ . . . . . . . . . a schools.

9-723. Doors 9-7231. Doors in means of egress shall swing in the direction 0f I exit travel and shall meet the requirements of Section 9-132 or

9-133. Exception: l)oors from an existing center to an exit access in apartment

buildings. 9-7232. Every closet door latch shall be such that children can

open the door from inside the closet. .; 9-7233. Every bathroom door lock shall be designed to pern~l I opening of the locked door from the outside in an emergency, an~ the opening device shall be readily accessible to the staff.

I

SL-86 AMENDMENTS TO N F P A NO. 101 1743

9-724. Stairs

9--7241. Exit stairs shall be enclosed in accordance with 5-114.

9-7242. There shall be no enclosed usable space under stairs in an exit enclosure nor shall the open space under such stairs be used for any purpose.

9--725. Areas of Refuge

9-7251. In buildings over 5 stories above ground level, areas of refuge shall be provided for occupants of child day care centers, either by smokeproof towers or horizontal exits.

9-726. Emergency Lighting

9-7261. Means of egress in each day care center shall be provided with Type 1 emergency lighting, as defined in 5-1022.

9-73. P R O T E C T I O N

9-731. Subdiv/slon into Compartments

9-7311. Sleeping areas in centers housing children under 3 years of age shall be compartmented with partitions having a ~ - h o u r fire resistance rating so there are not more than 6 children in each compartment.

9-7312. Compar tment doors shall be not less than 3 feet wide in new construction and not less than 32 inches wide in existing buildings. Door assemblies shall have a 20-minute fire protection rating and shall be equipped with a self-closing device, a latch and an automatic hold-open device as specified in 10-1244.

9-732. Centers in Apartment Buildings

9-7321. I f the two exit accesses from the center enter the same corridor, as in an apartment building, the exit accesses shall be separated in the corridor by a smoke partition having not less than 1-hour fire resistance rating. The smoke partition shall be so located that there is an exit on each side of it.

9-7322. The door in the smoke partition shall be not less than 36 inches wide. The door assembly shall have a fire protection rating of at least 20 minutes and shall be equipped with a self-closing device, a latch and an automatic hold-open device as specified in 10-1244.

Exception: Existing doors not less than 32 inches wide may be accepted.

1744 REPORT OF COMMITTEEfON SAFETY TO LIFE SL-87

9-733. Minimum Construction Standards 9-7331. Centers shall not be located above the heights indicated for the types of construction given in the following table.

type 4 Constructzon

Fire Resistive and Protected Noncombustible

Protected Wood Frame and Pro- tected Ordinary

Heavy Timber

Unprotected Noncombustible

Unprotected Wood Frame and Unprotected Ordinary

Age Group

0 t o 3 3 thru 5

6 and older

0 t o3

3 thru 5 6 and older

0 t o 3 3 thru 5

6 and older

' 0 t o 3 [ 3 thru 5 [

6 and older t

0 t o 3 ~ p 3 thru 5 [ S

6 and older[ S

Number of Stories (Stories are counted starting at

floor of exit discharge)

x

X

Not Permitted See Note 1 See Note 2

1 2

X X X X X X

X See Note 1

X X X X

X " See Note 1 X See Note 1 X See Note 1

See Note 1 See Note 1 See Note I

3

X X X

Not Permitted See Note 1 See Note I

4 and over

X X X

NOTE 1. Permitted if entire building is equipped with an automatic

extinguishing system, d ~ i f t h e fiN~)TE 2 May be permitted for child~n 3 years of ag.eand :ol " children are limited to the first floor and numUer oz cnnarcu ~ . . . . . . . . . . . 50 and there are two remote exits; or if they are limited to the first floor and the number of children is limited to 100 and each room has an exit directly to the outside.

9-734. Protection of Vertical Openings 9-7341. Any vertical opening in centers shall be enclosed and protected in accordance with Section 6-1.

9-735. Interior Finish 9 - 7 3 5 1 . I n centers for ch i ld ren 5 years old o r less, i n t e r io r finish for all wal ls and ceil ings shall be Class A or Class B in accordance w i t h Sec t ion 6 - 2 and floors shal l be Class A, B or C. I n new con- s t ruc t ion , in t e r io r finish in m e a n s of egress shall be Class A and floors in means of egress shall be Class A or Class B.

Exception: Tongue and groove wood flooring over ½-inch thick may

be permitted.

SL-8S 1745 AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101

9-7352. In centers for children 6 years of age or older, interior finish for means of egress shall be Class A or Class B and for individual rooms Class A, B or C. Floors shall be Class A, B or C.

9-7353. Decorations and furnishings shall be in accordance with 17-3146, 17-415 and 17-416.

9--736. Extinguishment and Alarm Systems

9-7361. Fire detectors which respond to products of combustion other than heat shall be installed on the ceiling of each story in front of the doors to the stairways and at no greater than 30 feet spacing in the corridors of all floors containing the center. Detectors shall also be installed in lounges and recreation areas in centers. The detectors may be single station units with an integral alarm having a decibel rating of at least 85.

Exception No. 1: Detectors are not required in fully automatic sprinklered buildings.

Exception No. 2: Detectors are not required in centers housing children 6years of age and older, i f no sleeping facilities are provided.

9-7362. There shall be a manually operated fire alarm system on each floor of the center. In centers with more than 100 children, the fire alarm system shall be installed to transmit an alarm by the most direct and reliable method approved by local regulations to the fire department that is legally committed to serve the area in which the center is located.

9-7363. Portable fire extinguishers suitable for Class B fires "shall be installed in kitchens and cooking areas, and extinguishers suitable for Class A fires shall be installed throughout the remainder of the center (see 6-4).

9-7364. Standpipes for fire department use shall be installed in all buildings of 6 stories or more housing child day care centers.


9-7371. An area used for general storage, boiler or furnace rooms, fuel storage, janitor's closets, maintenance shops including wood- working and painting areas, laundries and kitchens, shall be separated from other parts of the building with construction having not less than a 1-hour fire resistance rating and all openings shall be protected with self-closing fire doors, or such area shall be provided with automatic sprinkler protection. Where the hazard is severe, both the fire-resistive separation and automatic sprinklers shall be provided.

1 7 4 6 SL-89

9-74. CENTER SERVICE E Q U I P M E N T

9-741. Air Conditioning, Ventilat ing, Heat ing, Cooking, and Other Service Equ ipmen t

9-7411. Air conditioning, ventilating, heating, cooking, and other service equipment shall be in accordance with Chapter 7.

9-742. Electrical Services 9-7421. Electrical wiring in new construction shall be installed in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Appendix B.

~71~.4o? * In existin~ buildings, the electrical wiring shall be sized ~'.~';.~ ¢,,~ the load Receotacles and oudets serviced b y . ~ . . . . . . ;~_ -5 . . . : -n ~ are ,-rohibited Electrical appliances sh.aa enston cora vyp~ wl,, s v •

be grounded in accordance with the applicable standard listea in Appendix B.

9-7423. Special protective receptacle covers shall be installed in all areas occupied by children in centers for children under 5 years of age.

SECTION 9-8. GROUP DAY CARE HOMES

9-81.* APPLICATION

11 Th~s section establishes life safety requirements for group 9-81 • " hildre~ day care homes, in which at least 7 but not more than 12 c .

eive care maintenance and supervision by other than the~ rec , ess r~ parent(s) or legal guardian(s) for 24 hours per day or 1 (ge erally within a dwelling unit).

9-8112." For purposes of this section; children are classified in ag e groups as follows: children under 3 years of age; children from 3 through 5 years of age, and children 6 years of age and older.

9-8113. The text principally applies to centers for children u~d~ 3 years of age. Variances for centers housing children 3 ye~uo age and older are indicated.

u- tht -8114. Where a facility houses more than one age gro. 1 , , a

r9equirements for the younger age group shall apply, unlesst~e~e ~. housing the younger children is maintainea as a separate m~

a ou home is located in a building cont ,~.. 9-8115. When . gr p . . . . ~.t. e loCa~'~ mixed occu anctes, the separauon requirements o~ u, _.,,izeu applicable ~Pilding code or, if none exists, a nationally reco~'" model code, shall be satisfied.

SL-90 AMENDMENTS r l~ NFPA NO. 101 1747

9-82. E X I T D E T A I L S

9-821. Number and Type

9--8211. Each floor occupied by children shall have not less than two remote means of egress.

9-8212. Where spaces on the floor above the floor of exit discharge are used for sleeping purposes by chil~iren, a t least one exit shall lead direefly, or through an enclosed stairway, to the outside.

9-8213. Where children are located on a floor below the floor of exit discharge (basement) a t least one exit direct ly to the outside at ground level shall be provided. No facility shall be located more than one story below the ground. Any stairway to the story above shall be cut of f by a fire bar r ie r containing a door of a t least a 20-minute fire protect ion rat ing, equipped with a self-closing device and a latch.

9-822. Doors

9-8221. Every closet door la tch shall be such tha t children can open the door f rom inside the closet.

9-8222. Every ba th room door lock shall be designed to permit opening of the locked door f rom outside in an emergency, and the opening device shall be readily accessible to the staff.

9-83. PROTECTION

9--831. Homes in Apartment Buildings

9-8311. If the two exit accesses f rom the home enter the same orridor, as in an a p a r t m e n t building, the exit accesses shall be parated in the cor i idor by a smoke part i t ion hav ing not less than

~ 1-hour fire-resistance rat ing. T h e smoke part i t ion shall be so Rated that there is an exit on each side of it.

~8312 The door in the smoke nart i t ion shall be not less than ill " r L . ches wide in new construction and 32 inches wide in existin 'Juildin . . g a, , gs. The door assembly shall have a fire protect ion rat ing of aLlte~t 20 minutes and shall be equipped with a self-closing device,

atct~ and an au tomat ic hold-open device as specified in 10-1244.

9-832. Minimum Construction Standards 9"8321 E the , " a.c.h building used as a group day care home shall meet a~,~. °eal min imum housin~ code and fire revention code for the ~Ptleabl . v . . P . . ~at-" e class of residenttal construction, or ff none exists, a

tonally recognized model code.

1 7 4 8 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SAFETY TO LIFE SL-91

9-833. Protection of Vertical Openings 9-8331. The doorway between the floor of exit discharge and any floor below shall be equipped with a self-closing door of at least a 20-minute fire protection rating or a 13/~-inch solid bonded wood core door. Where the floor above the floor of exit discharge is used for sleeping purposes, there shall be a self-closing door of at least 20-minute fire protection rating or solid bonded wood core door of 13/~-inch thickness at the top or bottom of each stairway.

9-834. Interior Finish 9-8341. Interior finish in occupied spaces in the home shall be Class A, B or C, in accordance with Section 6-2.

9-8342. The interior finish in means of egress shall be Class A or B.

9-835. Detection Systems 9-8351. Where the floor above the floor of exit discharge is used fo~ sleeping purposes there shall be a detector which responds to prod-

of combustion other than heat a t t he top of the stairs in a build- ucts . . . . ,--- :~ ~,,-;,,ht" or inside the dwelling unit used as a ing ~ stones or ~ ,,, ,,~-~, , day care facility in a multiple dwelling.

9-836. Extinguishers 9-8361. A portable fire extinguisher suitable for Class B fires shall be provided for the kitchen and cooking areas.


9-841. Heating Equipment 9-8411. Any heaters in spaces occupied by children shall be sep. arated from the space by partitions, screens or other means.

9-8412. If solid partitions are used to provide the separation required in 9-8411, provision shall be made to assure adequate air for combustion and ventilation for the heating equipment.

9-842. Electrical Services 9-8421. Electrical wiring in new construction shall be installed in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Appendix B.

9-8420. * In existino buildings the electrical wiring shall be sized "" e for the load. Electrical appliances shall be grounded

~o aPrOV~dance with the applicable standard listed in Appendix 1~,

SL-92 1749 AMENDMENTS TO N F P A NO. 101

Receptacles and outlets serviced by extension cord-type wiring are prohibited.

9-8423. Special protective receptacle covers shall be installed in all areas occupied by children in homes for children under 5 years of age.

SECTION 9-9. FAMILY CHILD DAY CARE HOMES

9-91.* APPLICATION

9-9111. This section establishes life safety requirements for licensed family child day care homes, in which fewer than seven children receive care, maintenance and supervision by other than their parent(s) or legal guardian(s) for less than 24 hours per day (usually a dwelling unit).

9-9112. For the purposes of this section, children are classified in age groups, as follows: children under 3 years of age, children from 3 through 5 years of age, and children 6 years of age and older.

9-9113. The text principally applies to centers for children under 3 years of age. Variances for centers housing children 3 years of age and older are indicated.

9-9114. Where a facility houses more than one age group, the requirements for the younger children shall apply, unless the area housing the younger children is maintained as a separate fire area.

9-9115. Where family child day care homes are located in a building containing mixed occupancies, the separation requirements of the locally applicable building code or, if none exists, a nationally recognized model code, shall be satisfied.

9-92. EXIT DETAILS

9-921. Number, Type and Access to Exits

9-9211. In a one- or two-family dwelling or building of unprotected wood frame construction used for child care purposes, every room used for sleeping, living, or dining purposes shall have at least two means of egress, at least one of which shall be. a door or stairway providing a means of unobstructed travel to the outside of the building at street or ground level. No room or space shall be occupied for living or sleeping purposes which is accessible only by a ladder, folding stairs or through a trap door.

9-9212. Where children are located on a floor (basement) below the floor of exit discharge, at least one exit shall be provided directly to the outside at ground level. No facility shall be located more than one story below the ground.

1 7 5 0 o. . o . ~ SL-9.3

9-922~ D o o r s ' 9-9221. Each door in a means of egress shall be not less than

24 inches.wide. 9-9222. Every closet door latch shall be such that children can open the door from inside the closet.

9-9223. Evex~/16athroom door lock shall be designed tO; permit the opening of the locked door from the outside in an • emergency and the opening device shall b e readily accessible to :the staff.

9-923. S t a i r s 9-9231. Every stairway shall comply at least with the minimum requirements for Class B stairs, as described in Section • 5-3 in respect to width, risers, and ,treads and shall be maintained free of items

of storage;

9-93. PROTECTION , ' . , j

9-931. ~vlinimum Construction Standards

9-9311. Each building used as a family child day care 'home shall meet the local minimum housing code and, fire prevention code. for the applicable class of residential construction or, i f none exists, a nationally recognized model c o d e . .

9-'932. Interior Finish ~ , I ~ 9-9321. Interior finish in occupied sp~tces in the •home' shall be Class A, B or C, in accordance with Section 6-2.,

9-9322. The interior finish in means of egress and in rooms into which exits discharge shall be Class A or B .

9-933. Detection Systems . 9-9331. Where the floor above the, floor of"exit discharg e is used for sleeping purposes there shall be a detector which responds to products of combustion other than heat at the top 0f.),yhe stain in a building 3 storiesl or less with open Stairv~ays, or inside the dwelling unit used as a day care facility in a multiple dwelling.

9-934. Extinguishers 9-9341. A portable fire extinguisher suitable for Class B fi~ shall be provided for the kitchen and cooking areas.

AMENDMENTS TO NFPA NO. 101 1751

9--94. B U I L D I N G s E R v I c E E Q U I P M E N T r :

9-941. Heat lng Equ ipmen t

9-9411. Unvented room heaters Shall.not be permitted. Oil and cas fired room heaters shall be installed in accordance with the a°plalicable Standards listed in Appendix B A uard shall be ro . . . . . • g P - vided to protect the children from hot surfaces and. open flames.

9--9412. No stove or combustion heater shall be so located as to block escape in case of malfunctigning of the stove or heater ,

9-942. Electrical Services

9-9421. Electrical wiring in new construction Shaft b e installed in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Appendix B.

9-9422.* In existing buildingsl the electrical wiring shall be sized to provide for,the loa d . Electrical appliances shall be grounded in accordance with the applicable standard listed in Appendix B. Receptacles and outlets serviced by extension cord-type wiring are prohibited.

9-9423. Special protective receptacle covers shall be installed in all areas occupied by children in homes for Children under 5 years of age.

2. Add theJollowing new material to Section 17-3,.

C H A P T E R 17. O P E R A T I N G FEATURES

S E C T I O N 17-3. EDUC ATIONAL •OCCUPANCIES

17-314. Child Day Care CenterS'

17-3141. Fire prevention inspections shall be conduefed monthly by a trained s6nior member0 f the staff.. A eopy of th, e latest inspection form shall be posted'in a conspicuous place in the day care facility.

17-3142.* An approved fire eva'cuation plan shall be executed not less than once per month.


17-3143. Fu rn i sh ings and deco ra t i ons in chi ld d a y c a r e centers shall be in a c c o r d a n c e wi th the provis ions of 17-12.

17-3144. F l a m m a b l e and c o m b u s t i b l e l iqu ids shall be s tored in areas accessible on ly to de s igna t ed ind iv idua l s a n d as r ecom- m e n d e d in t he a p p r o p r i a t e . S t a n d a r d l isted in A p p e n d i x B.

17-3145. Was tebaske t s a n d o t h e r was te con t a ine r s shal l be m a d e

of n o n c o m b u s t i b l e mater ia l s .

17 -3146 . C h i l d - p r e p a r e d a r t w o r k a n d t each ing ma te r i a l s m a y be a t t a c h e d d i r ec t ly to the wal ls a n d shal l no t exceed 20 p e r c e n t of

the wa l l a rea .

17-315. Group Day Care Homes

17-3151. A t least one ope rab l e f l ash l igh t shal l be p r o v i d e d for each s ta f f m e m b e r in a loca t ion accessible to the s ta f f for use in the even t

of a p o w e r fa i lure .

17 -316 . F a m i l y C h i l d D a y C a r e Homes

17-3161. A t least one o p e r a b l e f lash l ight shall be p r o v i d e d in a l oca t ion accessible to the s ta f f for use in the even t of a p o w e r failure.

3. Add the following new Appendix notes for Chapter 9 (Appendix A):

A-9-71. The requirements detailed in Section 9-7, Child Day Care Centers (thirteen or more children), are based on the minimum staff to child ratios

given below: Staff "Ratio Age 1:3

0 to 2 1:5 2 to 3 1:10 3 to 5 1:12 5 to 7 1:15 7 and over

- . ara a h 250-45 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70, A-9 7422 P . gr~ p . . . . . I;~able standard for the grounding of electrical is constaereCl to oc ulc apt-,,,~ appliances. A-9-81. The requirements detailed in Section 9-8, Group Day Care Homes (less than 13 children), a re based on the minimum staff to child ratio of two staff for up to 12 children with no more than three children under age two.

A-9-8422. Paragraph 250--45 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70, is considered to be the applicable standard for the grounding of electrical

appliances. _ , . irements detailed in Section 9-9, Family Child Day Care

A-9 91 The re qu _L - - : - : - - - ,~ staff to child ratio of one staff for up to, six Homes are nasea on me uu . ; . ,~ - , _L:,a . . . . . nder age six, with no more man children, including the caretaker s own cm, . . . . . . . o two children under age two.

1753 S L - 9 6 A M E N D M E N T S TO NFPA NO. 101

A-9-9422. Paragraph 250-45 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA No. 70, is considered to be the applicable standard for the grounding of electrical appliances.

d. Add the/following new Appendix note/for Chapter 77 (Appendix A) :

A-17-3142. It is recommended that fire safety be a part of the educational program of the center.

Part IV

The/following portion ~ this report covers revisions in Chapter 15. Only those portions noted by a marginal vertical line are considered to be changes in the requirements.

CHAPTER 15. STORAGE OCCUPANCIES

SECTION 15-1. GENERAL STORAGE OCCUPANCIES

15-11. OCCUPANCY AND CLASSIFICATION

15-111. Occupancy

15-1111. Storage occupancies shall include all occupancies defined in 4-119. Areas of storage occupancies which are used for the purpose of packaging, labeling, sorting, special handling, or other operations requiring an occupant load greater than normally con- templated for storage occupancies shall be classified as industrial occupancy.

15-112. Classification of Contents

15-1121.* Contents of storage occupancies shall be classified as ordinary hazard, high hazard, or low hazard in accordance with Section 4-2, depending upon the character of the materials stored, their packaging, and other factors.


15-12. EXIT DETAILS

15-121. Number of Exits 15-1211. Every building-or structure used for storage and every section thereof considered separately • shall have at least 2 separate means of egress, as remote from each other as practicable.

Exception: In rooms or spaces @ less than 15,000square feet gross area where less than 10 persons may normally be present, at least I means of egress shall be provided Jor any persons employed:therein.

15-1212. Every storage area shall have access to at least ' l means of exit which can be readily opened, not subject to locking at any time that any persons are therein, and not dependent on any power- operated doors except power-operated doors complying with 5-218.

15-122. Travel Distance to Exits 15-1221. Every area used for the storage of high hazard commodities shall have an exit within 75 feet of any point in the area where persons may be present. Travel distance shall be measured in accordance with 5-1191.

Exception: Where automatic sprinkler protection in accordance with Section 6-d is provided, distances may be increased to lOO feet.

SECTION 15-2. SPECIAL P R O V I S I O N S FOR GARAGES

15-2111.* The following provisions apply to parking garages of closed or open type, above or below ground, but not to mechanical or exclusively attendant parking facilities, which are not occupied by customers and thus require a minimum of exits. Where repair operations are conducted the exits shall comply with Chapter 14, Industrial Occupancies, in addition to compliance with the following paragraphs. •

15-2112. Where both parking, and repair operations'ai'e conducted in the same building, the entire building shallcomply with Chapter 14. ' : -

Exception: "If the parking and i'epair sections are effectively separated by fire-resistive construction, the parking and repair sections may "be treated separately.

15-22. EXIT DETAILS

15-221. Number and Types of Exits

15-2211. Every floor of every garage shall have access to a t least


two (2) separate exits, which shall be doors in accordance with Section 5-2, interior stairs or smokeproof towers in accordance with Section 5-3, outside stairs in accordance with Section 5-4, or a horizontal exit in accordance with Section 5-5."

Excepiion No. I: In a ramp type open garage.with open ramps not subject to closure, the ramp may serve in lieu of the second exit, providing the ramp discharges directly outside at the street level.

Exception aVo. 2: For garages extending only 7 floor level below the floor of exit discharge, a ramp leading directly to the outside may serve in lieu of the second exit.

Exception No. 3: An opening for the passage of automobiles may serve as an exit from a street floor, provided no door or shutter is installed therein.

15-23. ARRANGEMENT OF AND TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXIT

15-2311. Exits in garages shall be so arranged that no point in the area will be more than 150 feet (measured in accordance with 5-1191) from the nearest exit other than a ramp on the same floor level.

Exception aVo. l: Travel distance may be increased to 200 feet for open floors of open garages.

Exception No. '2: Travel distance may be increased to 200 feet for enclosed garages completely protected by an automatic fire extinguishing system in accordance with Section 6-4.

15-2312. Exits shall be so arranged that from any point in the garage the paths of travel to the 2 exits will be in different directions.

Exception: A common path of travel may be permitted for the first. 50 feet from any point.

15-2313.* I f any gasoline pumps are located within any closed parking garage, exits shall be so located that travel away from the gasoline pump in any directionwill lead to an exit; with no dead. end in whic h occupants might be trapped by fire or explosion at any gasoline pump. Such exit shall lead to the outside of the building on the same level, or down stairs; no upward travel permitted unless direct outside exits are available from that floor. Any story below the story at which gasoline is being dispensed shall have exits direct to the outside via outside stairs or doors at ground level.

15-24. EMERGENCY LIGHTING

15-2411. Every public space, hallway, stairway and other means

1 7 5 6 R , ~ o , , ~ , ~o , ,~ , ,~ ,~ . o,, , , ~ . ~ ~o ~ ,~ . s t - 9 9

of egress shall have exit illumination and emergency lighting in accordance with Section 5-10.

15-25. EXIT SIGNS

15-2511. Exit signs in accordance with Section provided for all required exits and exit access.

Section 15-3. No Change.

5-11 shall be

Section 15-4. No Change.

report of committee on safety to life

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