report 13 church st

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Post-Roman Pottery from ChurchStreet, Romsey, HampshireBen Jervis Archaeological Report 13By Ben Jervis MA PIFA

INTRODUCTION This report provides a summary and discussion of the pottery recovered from excavations by TestValley Archaeological Trust at Church Street, Romsey in 1989. Pottery from earlier excavations is notdiscussed here. The site archive does not include a stratigraphic report, however features have beenphased, seemingly on the basis of stratigraphic relationships and pottery spot dates. The later

phases are dated in part by modifications made to Osborne House. The phases defined by theexcavators can be summarised as follows:

Phase 1: Post conquest to 13 th century

Phase 2a: 13 th -15 th Century

Phase 2b: 14th Century

Phase 2c: 15 th Century

Phase 3a: 16h Century

Phase 3b: late 16 th -early 17 th century

Phase 4: 18 th -19 th Century

Phase 5: 18 th Century

Phase 6a: 1808-1815

Phase 6b: Pre-1845

Phase 6c: 1898-1903

Modern: 1903 onwards

The pottery from the site as a whole will be summarised, before a discussion by phase and feature isundertaken. The types mentioned here are defined in Jervis, B. Forthcoming Medieval Pottery fromRomsey: An Overview and fabric descriptions have been lodged with Hampshire Museum Service.

THE P OTTERY The assemblage consists of 2610 sherds, weighing 33kg (table 1). The earliest sherds present are 10fragments of Roman pottery, all of which are residual in later features and will not be discussed

further in this report. No mid-Anglo Saxon Organic Tempered Wares are present, meaning that the


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earliest medieval sherds consist of 7 sherds of Flint Tempered Ware. Saxo-Norman wares areparticularly common. These consist of Flint and Sand Tempered Wares (78 sherds), with 4 sherds of

Ware SC%geSC SW

%geSW

Roman 10 0% 54 0%Flint tempered ware 7 0% 67 0%Flint and sand tempered ware 75 3% 743 2%FMQ2 1 0% 4 0%Flint and sand tempered ware (Newburytype) 2 0% 16 0%Chalk tempered ware 4 0% 51 0%Crystalline tempered 1 0% 16 0%Saxo-Norman Organic Tempered 1 0% 5 0%Fine sandy ware 30 1% 388 1%FQ2 29 1% 349 1%Wessex Coarseware 727 28% 7266 22%

Laverstock-type Ware 40 2% 266 1%Local Pink Sandy Ware 1 0% 11 0%Local Whiteware 25 1% 344 1%South Hampshire Redware 59 2% 630 2%Southampton Sandy Ware 9 0% 78 0%Surrey(?) Whiteware 1 0% 18 0%Dorset whiteware 1 0% 35 0%Dorset Red Painted Ware 5 0% 39 0%Rouen-type Ware 5 0% 10 0%Saintonge Whiteware 3 0% 37 0%ARGmq1 2 0% 12 0%FQ4 3 0% 27 0%FQarg1 6 0% 105 0%FQarg3 1 0% 41 0%FQF2 16 1% 156 0%FQF3 2 0% 37 0%MQfe2 7 0% 74 0%MQ3 59 2% 837 3%MQ4 174 7% 2306 7%FQ14 10 0% 128 0%FQfe3 1 0% 2 0%FQfearg1 1 0% 3 0%FQarg2 41 2% 686 2%MQfe3 2 0% 65 0%MQffe1 1 0% 11 0%Late medieval organic tempered sandyware 7 0% 160 0%Late medieval sandy ware 335 13% 6069 18%


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Iberian calcareous redware 1 0% 13 0%Iberian Micaceous Redware 1 0% 8 0%Misc. Medieval 21 1% 88 0%Siegberg Stoneware 2 0% 12 0%Raeren-type Stoneware 66 3% 79 0%

Frechen-type Stoneware 4 0% 44 0%Westerwald Stoneware 3 0% 78 0%Border Ware 9 0% 147 0%Coarse Border Ware 2 0% 28 0%Tudor Green 57 2% 117 0%Post Medieval Sandy Ware 63 2% 1522 5%Verwood 431 17% 6850 21%Post Medieval Redware 41 2% 1120 3%Post Medieval Brown Glazed 5 0% 22 0%Bristol-Staffordshire Slipware 1 0% 12 0%Tin Glazed Ware 31 1% 251 1%Creamware 59 2% 286 1%

Pearlware 1 0% 2 0%Black Basalte 3 0% 26 0%Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 7 0% 54 0%Scratch Blue 1 0% 2 0%Industrial Slipware 3 0% 8 0%Porcelain 14 1% 113 0%Refined Earthenware 44 2% 358 1%English Stoneware 21 1% 626 2%Flower Pot 5 0% 41 0%Unid 10 0% 143 0%Total 2610 33196

Table 1: Composition of the Assemblage.


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Chalk Tempered Ware and single sherds of Crystalline and Organic Tempered wares being present.The Organic Tempered Ware is believed to be of Saxo-Norman date due to similarities in the fabricwith Wessex Coarsewares. There also 30 sherds of Fine Sandy Ware (the tradition to whichMichelmersh-type Wares are a part) of probable Saxo-Norman date and a further 29 sherds of fabricFQ2, which may be contemporary. As in other assemblages in Romsey the most abundant medievalware is Wessex Coarseware, of probable 12 th-14 th century date. These coarse, quartz temperedwares are similar to products produced at Laverstock and form part of a tradition which runs fromeastern Dorset, through southern Wiltshire and west Hampshire.

Thirteenth and fourteenth century glazed sandy wares are well represented in the assemblage. Themost common are South Hampshire Redware (59 sherds) and Laverstock-type Wares (40 sherds).There are also 25 sherds of Local Whiteware, a sherd of Local Pink Sandy Ware and 9 sherds of Southampton-type Sandy Ware. Dorset wares are represented by a single sherd of DorsetWhiteware and 5 sherds of Dorset Red Painted Ware. A single whiteware sherd is present whichmay be of Surrey type. Imports are also present in the 13 th-14 th century wares, being represented by5 sherds of Rouen-type Ware and 2 sherds of Saintonge Whiteware.

Sherds of several wares of uncertain medieval date are present in the assemblage. Two fine sandywares with flint temper (FQF2 and FQF3) are present and may be of 13 th -14 th century date as theyonly occur in quantity in phase 2 deposits. A similar date has been suggested for the similar wareFQF1 elsewhere in Romsey. Three sandy wares with iron rich clay pellets (MQarg1, FQarg1 andFQarg3) are present in small quantities and also likely fit into this time frame. The iron rich MQfe2 isalso present, elsewhere it has tentatively been suggested that this is a 13 th -14 th century type and thiswould also fit with the evidence here.

There are 335 sherds of definite Late Medieval Sandy Ware whilst 174 sherds of MQ4 (datedelsewhere to the 14 th -15 th centuries) are present, with 59 sherds of MQ3 which is deemed to becontemporary elsewhere. These wares are most common in the latter part of phase 2 here,supporting this conclusion. There are also 41 sherds of FQarg2, deemed to be a later medieval typeand small quantities of other types which demonstrate characteristics of later medieval sandy wares(FQ14, FQfe3, FQfearg1, MQfe3 and MQffe1) are present. Some of the sherds of these wares appearresidual in later deposits, so it is not possible to demonstrate their date conclusively. Seven sherds of Late Medieval Organic Tempered Sandy Ware are also present, with most sherds coming fromdeposits belonging to phase 2c. Later medieval imports are represented by Iberian Redwares,including a calcareous ware in which a mercury jar is present. Rhenish stonewares are also present.The most common are Raeren-type (66 sherds), but small quantities of Siegberg, Frechen andWesterwald types are also present.

As elsewhere in Romsey, the most common post medieval earthenware is Verwood-type ware (431sherds), with other Post Medieval Sandy Wares, related to the later medieval sandy wares discussedabove also being present (63 sherds), with sherds of Post Medieval Redware (41 sherds) and BrownGlazed Wares (possibly of Alderholt type) also being present. Surrey-types are represented by 9sherds of Border Ware, 2 sherds of Coarse Border Ware and 57 sherds of Tudor Green. A singlesherd of Bristol-Staffordshire Slipware is present. A range of later, industrial wares are present.These include 31 sherds of Tin Glazed Ware, 59 sherds of Creamware and 1 of Pearlware.Staffordshire types consist of 3 sherds of Black Basalte Ware, 7 sherds of White Salt Glazed


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Stoneware and a sherd of Scratch Blue, whilst three sherds of Industrial Slipware are also present.Other wares present consist of Porcelain (14 sherds), Refined Earthenware (44 sherds), EnglishStoneware (21 sherds) and 5 sherds from flower pots.

The pottery demonstrates continuous depositional activity, if not occupation, from the 11 th-19 th

centuries with a typical range of wares present, although it is noticeable that imported wares bothfrom High and Late Medieval phases are more common than elsewhere in Romsey. A wide range of post medieval types are present and these are likely to be related to Osborne House, in whosegarden the excavations took place. The pottery can now be discussed by site phase and feature.

P HASE 1: 11 TH -13 TH CENTURIES Over half of the sherds from phase 1 deposits are of Wessex Coarseware, which, on the basis of theLaverstock-kilns, began to be produced in the 12 th -13 th centuries (table 2). Sherds of earlier, Saxo-Norman types are also present, principally in the form of Flint and Sand Tempered Wares. Only asmall proportion of the Fine Sandy Wares were present in features of this phase. Sherds of 13 th-14 th century glazed wares are likely to be contemporary with this phase. Intrusive sherds of latermedieval sandy wares and some post medieval types are present however, so it must be consideredthat some sherds of 13 th -14 th century date are also intrusive in these features.

Ware SC%geSC SW %geSW ASW

Roman 3 1% 13 0% 4Flint tempered ware 4 1% 31 1% 8Flint and sand tempered ware 44 13% 512 14% 12Flint and sand tempered ware (Newburytype) 1 0% 13 0% 13

Crystalline tempered 1 0% 16 0% 16Fine sandy ware 8 2% 63 2% 8FQ2 6 2% 45 1% 8Wessex Coarseware 202 59% 2014 56% 10Laverstock-type Ware 4 1% 59 2% 15Local Whiteware 1 0% 12 0% 12South Hampshire Redware 33 10% 317 9% 10Southampton Sandy Ware 3 1% 38 1% 13Saintonge Whiteware 1 0% 6 0% 6FQ4 1 0% 4 0% 4FQarg1 2 1% 33 1% 17MQfe2 1 0% 3 0% 3MQ3 2 1% 34 1% 17MQ4 3 1% 29 1% 10FQarg2 4 1% 24 1% 6Late medieval organic tempered sandyware 1 0% 8 0% 8Late medieval sandy ware 6 2% 227 6% 38Tudor Green 2 1% 6 0% 3Verwood 3 1% 26 1% 9Post Medieval Redware 2 1% 23 1% 12Creamware 3 1% 10 0% 3Refined Earthenware 1 0% 1 0% 1Total 342 3567 10

Table 2: Composition of the Phase 1 Assemblage.


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The features present in this phase consist of several pits and postholes as well as a channel whichwas excavated in several areas of the site. Several structural features are also present as well asseveral layers.

A channel was excavated in several areas of the site. It was given the feature numbers 13, 1522,

1578, 1579, 1580, 1593 and 1691. Pottery was recovered from 3 contexts in this channel; (1521) infeature 1522 and (1539) in feature 1691 are the same layer, whilst pottery was also recovered from(1692) in feature 1691 (table 3). Context (1521) only contained small sherds, all likely to be of 11 th-13 th century date. These consist of 6 sherds of Wessex Coarseware, 3 sherds of FQ2 and 2 sherds of Flint and Sandy Tempered Ware. Similar wares are also present in (1539), with a single moderatelysized sherd of Flint Tempered Ware possibly being of 10 th century (or earlier) date. Small sherds of South Hampshire Redware and FQ4 date to the latter part of this bracket and may be intrusive.Certainly large sherds of MQ3 and FQarg2 are intrusive. The stratigraphic position of layer (1692) isunclear, but the same range of types are present as in (1521), although the sherds are generallylarger. This channel would appear to have been filled, possibly through silting, during the Saxo-Norman period, with small quantities of pottery being mixed in with the fill. The channel, like theShitlake at Newton Lane, was not a major focus for waste deposition. Clearly some portions of thechannel were disturbed in later periods, accounting for the intrusive pottery present in layer (1539).

Feature: 1522 1691TotalContext: 1521 1539 1692

Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFlint tempered ware 1 13 13 1 13Flint and sand tempered ware 2 14 7 4 45 11 2 42 21 8 101FQ2 3 21 7 1 17 17 4 38Wessex Coarseware 6 23 4 4 60 15 1 4 4 11 87South Hampshire Redware 1 3 3 1 3FQ4 1 4 4 1 4MQ3 1 29 29 1 29FQarg2 1 13 13 1 13Total 11 58 5 13 167 13 4 63 16 28 288

Table 3: Pottery from the Phase 1 Channel.

Like the channel, a ditch was also excavated in several areas of the site. This was given the featurenumbers 1274, 1324 and 1649. Only layers within features 1324 and 1649 contained pottery (table4). Layers (1264) and (1797) are the same layer, excavated in different sections of the ditch, whilst(1825) underlies (1797). Layer (1825) only contained a single small sherd of Flint and Sand TemperedWare, probably of Saxo-Norman date. Layer (1797) contained a wider range of types. Saxo-Normanwares present include a small sherd of Flint Tempered Ware (which may be residual) and moderatelysized sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and Crystalline Tempered Ware. Fourteen sherds of Wessex Coarseware are also present. These are generally smaller than the Saxo-Norman sherds andsome may be intrusive. A sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware is definitely intrusive. The equivalentcontext (1264) has a much more mixed and fragmented assemblage. Residual material is definitelypresent, in the form of a single small sherd of Roman pottery. Saxo-Norman wares are present,consisting of small sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and Fine Sandy Ware, whilst there are

also 59 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware. The differences in the level of fragmentation in thecontemporary wares in different sections of the ditch perhaps point to different depositional history,


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with (1264) being a mixture of redeposited material, whilst (1797) may have been filled from adifferent source. There are also intrusive sherds present in (1264), consisting of a large sherd of Southampton-type Sandy Ware, small sherds of MQfe2 and MQ4 and a fairly large (19g) sherd of Post Medieval Redware. The ditch would seem to have been filled in the 11 th-12 th centuries on thebasis of the pottery present, however the presence of intrusive material, particularly in context(1264) is demonstrative of later disturbance to the ditch fills.

Feature: 1324 1649 Total Context: 1264 1797 1825

Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWRoman 1 5 5 1 5Flint tempered ware 1 2 2 1 2Flint and sand tempered ware 6 49 8 9 116 13 1 5 5 16 170Crystalline tempered 1 16 16 1 16Fine sandy ware 5 41 8 5 41Wessex Coarseware 59 467 8 14 121 9 73 588Southampton Sandy Ware 1 21 21 1 21MQfe2 1 3 3 1 3MQ4 1 6 6 1 6Late medieval sandy ware 1 36 36 1 36Post Medieval Redware 1 19 19 1 19Total 75 611 8 26 291 11 1 5 5 102 907

Table 4: Pottery from the Phase 1 Ditch.

A further ditch, 1718 is also present. It is described as being L -shaped. The fill (1 717) contained 10sherds, but all but 2 (of Wessex Coarseware) are later types, including sherds of Late Medieval SandyWare, Tudor Green, Verwood and Refined Earthenwares (table 5). Presumably this ditch was

assigned to phase 1 on stratigraphic grounds. If it does indeed belong to this phase then it has beenheavily disturbed. On the basis of the pottery spot date, this ditch could easily be an 18 th centuryfeature.

Context: 1717Ware SC SW ASWWessex Coarseware 2 17 9Late medieval sandy ware 1 80 80Tudor Green 1 2 2Verwood 2 9 5Creamware 3 10 3

Refined Earthenware 1 1 1Total 10 119 12

Table 5: Pottery from Ditch 1718.

Layer (1612) in area H underlies the gravel yard surface (1147), which is dated to phase 2a. Itcontained 13 sherds of varying date and size. Saxo-Norman pottery is represented by 1 moderatelysized sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware of Newbury type. A range of 13 th -14 th century waresare also present, but sherds are noticeably more fragmented. These consist of 7 sherds of WessexCoarseware and sherds of South Hampshire Redware, Laverstock-type Ware and FQarg1. There arealso sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware and MQ3. The only sherd likely to be contemporary with

the layer is the sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware. The later sherds are intrusive and likelyderive from the overlying yard surface.


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Context: 1612Ware SC SW ASWFlint and sand tempered ware (Newbury type) 1 13 13Wessex Coarseware 7 19 3Laverstock-type Ware 1 5 5

South Hampshire Redware 1 7 7FQarg1 1 20 20MQ3 1 5 5Late medieval organic tempered sandy ware 1 8 8Total 13 77 6

Table 6: Pottery from Layer 1612.

Layer (1695) is an oyster shell layer which also underlies the gravel yard surface (1147). The potteryfrom the layer suggests either that it is slightly later in date than (1612) or, that like (1612), the bulkof the pottery is intrusive (table 7). A small sherd of FQ2 may be of Saxo-Norman date and a casecould be made for the 4 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware being contemporary with

the deposit. A large sherd of Laverstock-type ware and smaller sherds of Southampton-type SandyWare and Late Medieval Sandy Ware are definitely intrusive however, probably derived from theoverlying yard surface.

Context: 1695Ware SC SW ASWFQ2 1 5 5Wessex Coarseware 4 53 13Laverstock-type Ware 1 46 46Southampton Sandy Ware 1 8 8FQarg2 2 9 5

Total 9 121 13Table 7: The Pottery from Layer 1695.

Pit 75 contained a series of layers, however all of the pottery is from context (1057) which is anumber assigned to the remains of pit 75 , meaning that all of the pottery must be treated asunstratified within the pit. Most of the 31 sherds can be assigned to the 11 th -13 th centuries. Theseconsist of a moderately sized sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and 24 large sherds of WessexCoarseware. Smaller sherds of Local Whiteware and South Hampshire Redware belong to the latterpart of this bracket, however the smaller sherd size suggests they may be intrusive, perhaps derivingfrom slumping into the top of the pit. Single sherds of Tudor Green and Verwood-type ware are

definitely intrusive in the pit. Because of the lack of contextual information it is not possible todiscuss the filling of the pit in more depth.

Context: 1057Ware SC SW ASWFlint and sand tempered ware 1 15 15Wessex Coarseware 24 540 23Local Whiteware 1 12 12South Hampshire Redware 3 13 4Tudor Green 1 4 4Verwood 1 17 17Total 31 601 19

Table 8: The Pottery from Pit 75.


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Pit 1285 was cut by the 18 th century cellar and this explains why only 2 sherds, both of WessexCoarseware, were recovered from it. No pottery was recovered from pit 96.

Several layers have also been attributed to this phase, but contained little or no pottery. Layer(1348) is in area G. It contained a single sherd of Roman pottery. Layer (1472) in area E contained a

single small sherd of FQarg2, it may be intrusive. Layer (1339) is a brickearth layer in area F, itcontained only a single sherd of Wessex Coarseware.

The phase 1 deposits generally contain pottery assemblages datable to the 11 th -13 th centurieshowever many also have clear intrusive elements, probably caused by later disturbance to theseearlier features. The channel and ditches belonging to this phase did contain larger quantities of pottery and therefore do not appear to have been major foci of deposition. The pits, with theexception of pit 75 have been disturbed, whereas the records from pit 75 do not allow a fullconsideration of the filling of this feature. It can be demonstrated however that for most of thesefeatures (with the exception of ditch 1718) that a phase 1 date is appropriate on ceramic grounds.

P HASE 2 (13 TH -15 TH CENTURIES )Phase 2 has been subdivided into 3 different phases, 2a, 2b and 2c. Phase 2a consists of a series of structural features and layers, as well as well 1591. These features have been dated broadly to the13 th-15 th centuries. Phase 2a relates to 14 th century features. These include pits, structural featuresand layers. Phase 2c relates to 15 th century features. These also consist of a series of pits, layers,structural features and well 1689.

A wide range of pottery types are present in these different phases (table 9). In phase 2a the mostcommon ware is Wessex Coarseware, although a range of earlier types including Fine Sandy Ware

and Flint and Sand Tempered Ware are present in small quantities. A range of 13th

-14th

centurysandy glazed wares are also present, including Rouen and Saintonge wares. Although MQ3 and MQ4are present, later medieval types account for a lesser proportion of the assemblage than in phases2b and 2c.

Phase 2b has the smallest assemblage (224 sherds). Wessex Coarsewares still account for a third of sherds, but Late Medieval Sandy Wares form a considerably higher proportion of the assemblage.The 13 th -14 th century glazed sandy wares are less common. This trend continues into phase 2c, inwhich Post Medieval Sandy Wares are increasingly common. Therefore, on ceramic grounds, thisphasing of features appears to hold true.


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Phase: 2a 2b 2c Phase 2

Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASWRoman 5 32 6 1 5 5 6 37 6Flint tempered ware 3 36 12 3 36 12Flint and sand tempered ware 11 74 7 10 59 6 3 18 6 24 151 6Chalk tempered ware 3 39 13 1 12 12 4 51 13Fine sandy ware 14 112 8 14 112 8FQ2 8 57 7 9 121 13 17 178 10Wessex Coarseware 196 2012 10 83 922 11 168 1526 9 447 4460 10Laverstock-type Ware 17 102 6 1 3 3 9 34 4 27 139 5

Local Whiteware 1 6 6 1 7 7 2 13 7South Hampshire Redware 16 247 15 1 6 6 6 21 4 23 274 12Southampton Sandy Ware 4 35 9 4 35 9Surrey(?) Whiteware 1 18 18 1 18 18Dorset whiteware 1 35 35 1 35 35Dorset Red Painted Ware 4 32 8 4 32 8Rouen-type Ware 4 9 2 4 9 2Saintonge Whiteware 2 31 16 2 31 16ARGmq1 1 7 7 1 7 7FQ4 1 13 13 1 13 13FQarg1 1 5 5 1 22 22 2 27 14FQarg3 1 41 41 1 41 41FQF2 2 17 9 13 100 8 1 39 39 16 156 10MQfe2 1 10 10 1 8 8 2 18 9MQ3 35 280 8 3 27 9 10 293 29 48 600 13MQ4 49 623 13 20 298 15 87 1134 13 156 2055 13FQfearg1 1 3 3 1 3 3FQarg2 7 54 8 21 485 23 28 539 19MQfe3 2 65 33 2 65 33


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Late medieval organic tempered sandy ware 1 28 28 1 2 2 2 25 13 4 55 14Late medieval sandy ware 19 360 19 86 1382 16 194 3825 20 299 5567 19Siegberg Stoneware 1 5 5 1 5 5Raeren-type Stoneware 1 5 5 1 5 5Misc. Medieval 18 51 3 3 37 12 21 88 4Tudor Green 2 2 1 12 20 2 14 22 2Post Medieval Sandy Ware 33 1080 33 33 1080 33Verwood 29 385 13 41 490 12 70 875 13Post Medieval Redware 2 65 33 2 65 33Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 1 3 3 1 3 3

Porcelain 1 1 1 1 1 1Unid 2 1 1 2 1 1Total 454 4685 10 224 2891 13 612 9326 15 1290 16902 13

Table 9: Pottery from Phase 2 Deposits.

Context: 1819 1821 1822 1824 1826 1827 Total

WareSC

SW

ASW

SC

SW

ASW

SC

SW

ASW

SC

SW

ASW

SC

SW

ASW

SC

SW

ASW

SC

SW

Flint and sand tempered ware 1 8 8 1 8Chalk tempered ware 1 12 12 1 12

Wessex Coarseware 2 33 17 10 76 8 3 16 5 1113

8 13 1411

8 8 6 40 7 4642

1Laverstock-type Ware 1 5 5 1 6 6 2 11Local Whiteware 1 6 6 1 6MQ3 1 4 4 1 4MQ4 1 5 5 1 5Late medieval organic temperedsandy ware 1 28 28 1 28

Late medieval sandy ware 2 27 14 925

1 28 1 29 29 1230

7Verwood 1 4 4 1 4

Total 4 60 15 2234

4 16 3 16 5 1319

5 15 1915

1 8 6 40 7 6780

6Table 11: Pottery from Pit 1840.


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Phase 2a (13 th -15 th century)Layer 30 is a brickearth layer that covers the site, which underlies the late 16 th -early 17 th centurylayer 29. Only one context within this group of layers (1241) contained pottery (table 10). All of thepottery is of 11 th-13 th century date and consists of a small sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Wareand fairly large sherds of Fine Sandy Ware and Wessex Coarsewares. This layer would appear, onceramic grounds, to date the earlier part of phase 2a.

Context: 1241Ware SC SW ASWFlint tempered ware 1 4 4Fine sandy ware 1 19 19Wessex Coarseware 3 55 18Total 5 78 16

Table 10: Pottery from Brickearth Layer 30.

Context (1608) is a burnt layer, nothing is noted about its stratigraphic associations. It contained a

single moderately large sherd of FQ1 and on this basis can be dated to the earlier part of phase 2a.

Pit 1840 contains a mixture of gravel and cessy fills. The lowest fills are gravel layers (1828) and(1827), which are overlain by fills (1823), (1824) and (1826), whilst the upper fills (1822), (1821) and(1819) contained cessy material. Layer (1828) did not contain pottery. Layer (1827) contained 6 verysmall sherds of Wessex Coarseware, perhaps redeposited along with the gravel fill (table 11). Mostpottery comes from the middle fills of the pit. Layer (1826) contained 19 small sherds (ASW: 8g).These include 1 moderately sized sherd of Chalk Tempered Ware, 14 small sherds of WessexCoarseware and single small sherds of Laverstock-type Ware, Local Whiteware, MQ3 and MQ4. Thefragmented nature of the material suggests that the fill is redeposited. The latest material is of 14 th

century date, so this can be suggested as a terminus post quem for this deposit. Layer (1824)contained less pottery, but the sherds are larger. They consist of 11 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and large sherds of Late Medieval Organic Tempered Ware and Late MedievalSandy Ware. The difference in the fragmentation of this material suggests that this may be part of asecondary waste deposit, probably deposited in the latter part of the 14 th century. The upper cessydepsoits generally contain small and fragmented assemblages. Layer (1822) contained 3 small(probably residual) sherds of Wessex Coarseware. Pottery is more abundant in layer (1822). Smallsherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, Wessex Coarseware and Laverstock-type ware wouldappear to be residual, perhaps redeposited as material used to seal a cessy deposit. Nine largersherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware are probably contemporary with the fill and may berepresentative of the placement of some secondary waste in the pit in the late 14 th or early 15 th century. A single small sherd of Verwood-type is probably intrusive. Layer (1822) would appear to bea mixture of redeposited and secondary waste, perhaps dumped into the pit to seal lower cessydeposits. Layer (1819) contained 4 sherds, 2 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and 2 of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. These may also relate to sealing deposits. Pit 1480 would appear to havebeen filled in the latter part of the 14 th century with a mixture of redeposited and secondary waste.On ceramic grounds it could probably be moved to phase 2b.

Pit 1462 contained 7 sherds (table 12). The lowest fill with pottery is (1515), which contained 2 smallsherds of Wessex Coarseware. Context (1463) contained 5 sherds; 3 of Wessex Coarseware, 1 of


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MQ5 and 1 of FQfe1. The fragmented nature of the sherds suggests that the pit was filled withredeposited material, probably in the late 14 th century.

Context: 1463 1515 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW

Wessex Coarseware 3 21 7 2 6 3 5 27FQarg1 1 5 5 1 5MQ4 1 5 5 1 5Total 5 31 6 2 6 3 7 37

Table 12: Pottery from Pit 1462.

Pit 1668 contained 4 moderately sized-large sherds, all from fill (1755) (table 13). The pit wouldseem to have been filled in the 14 th century, with a large sherd of MQ3 and a moderately sized sherdof MQ4 being present. There are also 2 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware. These maybe residual, or indicate the filling of the pit over a longer period of time, or with redepositedmaterial. The small assemblage size makes it impossible to determine which interpretation iscorrect.

Context: 1755 Ware SC SW ASWWessex Coarseware 2 32 16MQ3 1 39 39MQ4 1 11 11Total 4 82 21

Table 13: Pottery from Pit 1668.

Several pits contain only very small assemblages, from which it is impossible to make meaningful

interpretations about date or taphonomy. Pit 1556 contained a single fill (1557), which contained asingle small sherd of Wessex Coarseware. Pit 1584 has a single fill (1585), which contained singlesmall sherds of Chalk Tempered Ware and Wessex Coarseware, which may be residual. Pit 1800would appear to have been filled in the late 14 th century. It contains a small sherd of MQ3 and 2small sherds of MQ4, these may be redeposited. Fill (1792) of pit 1802 contained 4 moderately sizedsherds of Wessex Coarseware.

Well 1591 contains a series of layers. The uppermost of these consist of a series of capping layers.The lowest fill which contained pottery is (1743) (table 14). This contained 37 small sherds, including22 sherds of MQ3, suggesting a 14 th century date for the filling of the well. The presence of

fragmentary earlier material suggests that this layer consists of a redeposited dump used to closethe well. Layer (124) has a similar composition in terms of chronology, but MQ4 is most abundant.Sherds are similarly fragmented, suggesting that the fill is a redeposited dump. Layer (1681)contained 11, generally small, sherds. These wares are principally of 13 th-14 th century date, withsherds of Laverstock-type Ware, Southampton Sandy Ware, Saintonge Whiteware and FQF2 beingpresent. Earlier types are represented by 3 sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware whilst a singlesherd of MQ4 is also present. The generally small sherd size may suggest that the fill consists of redeposited material. The reverse stratigraphy present may suggest the filling occurred from asurface deposit whih had accumulated over some time. Layer (1541) contained 16 sherds which aregenerally small (ASW: 9g). These sherds are of Wessex Coarseware and Fine Sandy Ware and asthese pre-date the types present in (1681) it can be suggested that these are part of a redeposited


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1621 1622 1625 1629 1541 1681 1724 1743 Total

e SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW

man 2 25 13 2 25

tempered ware 1 21 21 1 11 11 2 32and sand tempered ware 3 33 11 1 5 5 4 38k tempered ware 1 24 24 1 24

sandy ware 12 88 7 12 88

1 4 4 1 4sex Coarseware 1 7 7 3 61 20 2 156 78 4 50 13 2 16 8 18 184 10 9 96 11 39 570

erstock-type Ware 1 1 1 1 7 7 1 9 9 3 17

hampton Sandy Ware 2 18 9 1 10 10 3 28tonge Whiteware 2 31 16 2 31

2 1 6 6 1 6

3 8 58 7 22 166 8 30 224

4 1 5 5 1 12 12 38 490 13 1 10 10 41 517

rg2 1 12 12 1 12

medieval sandy ware 1 4 4 1 5 5 1 3 3 3 12

c. Medieval 1 2 2 1 2

l 2 8 4 2 23 12 4 66 17 5 178 36 16 138 9 11 115 10 69 767 11 37 335 9 146 1630

Table 14: Pottery from Well 1591.


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dump of material used to close the well. Layers (1621), (1622), (1625) and (1629) are described inthe archive notes as capping layers. Layer (1629) is a gravel layer, which contained 2 large sherds of Wessex Coarseware, 2 smaller sherds of Southampton-type Sandy Ware and a single small sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. Layer (1625) is also a gravel layer. It 3 large sherds of WessexCoarseware and a single small sherd of MQ4. Layer (1622) contained a large sherd of Flint TemperedWare of mid-late Anglo-Saxon date and a small sherd of unidentified medieval pottery. Layer (1621)contained 2 small sherds, of Wessex Coarseware and Laverstock-type Ware. From a datingperspective, the pottery would suggest that the well was sealed in the late-14 th century. Thefragmented sherds and wide date range represented demonstrates that the well was closedprincipally with redeposited material.

There a series of postholes in Area F. Only one, 1564 contained pottery. Its fill (1567) contained asmall sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware, suggesting a late 14 th or early 15 th century date. In area J,posthole 1756 contains a single small sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware which is probablyresidual.

Layer (1147) is a gravel yard surface, from which some of the intrusive material present in phase 1layers may have originated. It contained 36 small sherds (ASW: 9g). None of the pottery can bedemonstrated to be residual, although some of the 21 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware could be.Four small sherds of Laverstock-type Ware, 1 of Southampton-Sandy Ware and 5 larger sherds of South Hampshire Redware suggest that the surface was in use during the 13 th -14 th centuries. Foursmall sherds of FQarg2 suggest use continued into the latter part of the 14 th century, however asingle sherd of Tudor Green, in the absence of other 15 th -16 th century types, is likely to be intrusive.The gravel used to form this layer would appear to have been clean and the yard surface was not amajor area of waste deposition, with small sherds probably becoming mixed into the gravelaccidentally. The layer can be quite tightly dated to the 13 th-14 th centuries.

Context: 1147 Ware SC SW ASWWessex Coarseware 21 150 7Laverstock-type Ware 4 30 8South Hampshire Redware 5 118 24Southampton Sandy Ware 1 7 7FQarg2 4 19 5Tudor Green 1 1 1Total 36 325 9

Table 15: The Pottery from Layer 1147.

Feature 1084 is a gulley or ditch, interpreted as a possible property boundary. The location of context (1595) within this feature is unclear. It contained only 2 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware(table 16). Layer (1242) contained 10 small sherds. These can all be dated to the 13 th -14 th centuriesand include sherds of Wessex Coarseware, Laverstock-type Ware, Rouen-type Ware and ARGmq1,with 2 larger sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware perhaps being intrusive. Layer (1240) is the upperfill. It contained 18 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and small sherds of MQ3 andVerwood, which may be intrusive. The small sherd size and small number of sherds suggests that thisfeature was intended to be kept clear of waste, although the upper fill may represent a redeposited

dump of material, used to close this feature.


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Context: 1240 1242 1595 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWWessex Coarseware 18 217 12 1 3 3 2 5 3 21 225Laverstock-type Ware 5 32 6 5 32Rouen-type Ware 1 4 4 1 4

ARGmq1 1 7 7 1 7MQ3 1 6 6 1 6Late medieval sandy ware 2 22 11 2 22Verwood 1 5 5 1 5Total 20 228 11 10 68 7 2 5 3 32 301

Table 16: The Pottery from Ditch 1084.

Feature 1150 is one of a series of tiled hearths uncovered on the site. Layer (1418) within this hearthcontained a small sherd of unidentified medieval pottery, whilst (1353), an ashy fill, contained asingle, large sherd of Verwood-type, which is intrusive. A single sherd of Wessex Coarseware isassociated with hearth 1234 (from context (1274), the bedding layer) and single large sherd of the

same type is associated with hearth 1534.

Context (1476) is a fill of the undefined feature 1475. It contained 2 small sherds of FQ2. Feature1775 is also undefined. Its fill (1776) contained 4 small sherds of FQ2, a small sherd of WessexCoarseware and a small sherd of MQ3. Context (1788), the fill of feature 1787 contained amoderately sized sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware.

A series of floor layers are present in area F. Layer (1568) contained only 2 small sherds, which couldnot be identified. Layer (1615) contained a small sherd of Wessex Coarseware, which may be aprimary waste deposit. Floor layer (1617) contained 2 small, residual, sherds of Roman pottery and 3small sherds of unidentified medieval types. These may all have been residual in the laying of thefloor, or the medieval wares may be contemporary, primary deposits trodden into the floor. Floor(1243), in area I, contained 8 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware. These may be a primary deposit,trodden into the floor.

There are also a number of other undefined layers. Layer (1356) contained 2 small sherds of WessexCoarseware and a single small sherd of South Hampshire Redware. Layer (1516) is below this layer. Itcontained 38 small sherds, ranging in date from the Saxo-Norman to post medieval period. Theearliest wares are a single sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and 18 sherds of WessexCoarseware. Sherds of Laverstock-type Ware, Rouen-type Ware and South Hampshire Redware maybe contemporary with the layer, when the pottery from (1356) is considered. Sherds of FQF2 mayalso be contemporary. There are 12 intrusive sherds, of FQarg2, Raeren-type Stoneware andVerwood-type Ware. Layer (1582) is also below layer (1516). This contained a single intrusive sherdof MQ4.

Layer (1757) in area J contained 14, generally small, sherds (table 17). These are of mixed date, theearliest being 4 very small sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, which are likely to be residual.Seven sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a single sherd of Laverstock-type ware date to the 13 th century, whilst large sherd of MQ4 may indicate a later 14 th century date. A single, small sherd of Tudor Green is probably intrusive.


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Context: 1757 Ware SC SW ASWFlint and sand tempered ware 4 11 3Wessex Coarseware 7 82 12Laverstock-type Ware 1 5 5

MQ4 1 64 64Tudor Green 1 1 1Total 14 163 12


Layer (1564) contained 8 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and 8 moderately sizedsherds of South Hampshire Redware. It was probably formed during the 13 th century.

Layer (1436) contained a single small sherd of Fine Sandy Ware, which may be residual. Layer (1518)contained a single small sherd of Roman pottery and 9 small sherds of unidentified medievalpottery.

Layer (1398) may be slightly later. It contained 3 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware, but also asherd of MQ4, giving a terminus post quem of the late 14 th century. Layer (1404) underlies layer(1398). It contained 7 small sherds, of Wessex Coarseware, South Hampshire Redware, MQfe2 andMQfe3, all datable to the 13 th-14 th centuries, confirming the late 14 th century date for (1398).

The ceramic evidence confirms that deposits assigned to this phase date from the 13 th-15 th centuries. Several features contain intrusive later material demonstrative of later disturbance,perhaps through activity related to the construction of Osborne House. There are only smallquantities of residual material, perhaps demonstrating that there was little occupation on the siteprior to the 13 th century. None of the deposits can be determined to consist purely of secondarywaste, with the majority of features being filled with fragmentary, redeposited material. Some floorsurfaces may include primary waste deposits, sherds trodden into the floor during use.

Phase 2b (14 th Century)Only 224 sherds were recovered from phase 2b features. The most common are sherds of LateMedieval Sandy Ware, however sherds of Wessex Coarseware are also quite abundant. The sherdsof Wessex Coarseware are much smaller however, demonstrating that these are likely to be residual.Small sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware are residual, as may be small sherds of 13 th-14 th century glazed sandy wares. Other late medieval sandy wares are represented by sherds of MQ3,MQ4 and FQarg2. The 13 small sherds of FQF2 may also be contemporary with this phase, althoughall are possibly redeposited within a single feature. The only intrusive later pottery is a single smallsherd of Porcelain.

Ditch 1673 has a single fill (1637) which contained 12 sherds. These consist of a single small sherd of Wessex Coarseware, which is residual. Eleven larger sherds (ASW: 20g) of Late Medieval Sandy Wareare contemporary and date the ditch to the late 14 th or early 15 th century.


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Context: 1637 Ware SC SW ASWWessex Coarseware 1 3 3Late medieval sandy ware 11 217 20Total 12 220 18

Table 18: Pottery from Ditch 1763.

Layer (1517) is a floor surface. It contained 12, generally small sherds. Six extremely small (ASW: 2g)sherds of Wessex Coarseware are likely to be residual whilst 4 small sherds (ASW: 7g) of LateMedieval Sandy Ware may be representative of sherds trodden into the floor during use. This mayalso be the case for a larger (22g) sherd of FQarg1, which is probably a 13 th -14 th century type. Asingle sherd of Porcelain is intrusive. This layer is overlain by floor surface (1511) which contained 2residual sherds of Wessex Coarseware.

Layer (1512) is a gravel layer, which contained 2 sherds of pottery. A small sherd of Laverstock-typeware may be residual, or demonstrate that the layer was formed in the earlier part of the 14 th century. A larger sherd of MQ4 is likely to be contemporary with the use of the layer, in the late 14 th century.

Layer (1609) is a levelling layer above the phase 2a well 1591. The layer contains 7 sherds, 5 largesherds of Wessex Coarseware and a large sherd of Dorset Whiteware. A small sherd of FQfearg1 isalso present. The presence of large sherds of 13 th-early 14 th century wares suggests that the layerwas formed in the earlier part of this phase, the small sherd of FQfearg1(which is likely to be a latemedieval sandy ware) may be intrusive.

The linear feature 1764 has 4 fills which contain pottery (table 19). The lowest of these (1772)

contained 16 sherds. These consist of a moderately sized sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, 14sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a single, small, sherd of MQ3. Layer (1771) has a similarcomposition although the 4 sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and the 25 sherds of WessexCoarseware are smaller than in (1772) and a single moderately sized sherd of FQ4 is present. Layer(1765) contained 3 sherds; 2 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a moderately sizedsherd of Surrey(?) whiteware. The uppermost fill (1771) contained a single small sherd of MQ3. Thepottery within this feature can be dated to the 11 th-13 th centuries, however it is possible that it maybe redeposited, whilst sherds of MQ3 do indicate a terminus post quem of the 14 th century. Thesesherds may be intrusive however. This feature is likely to have been filled with redeposited material,but it this could have occurred at any point between the 11 th and 15 th centuries.

Context: 1760 1765 1771 1772 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFlint and sand tempered ware 4 25 6 1 15 15 5 40Wessex Coarseware 2 23 12 25 259 10 14 156 11 41 438Surrey(?) Whiteware 1 18 18 1 18FQ4 1 13 13 1 13MQ3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 3Total 1 2 2 3 41 14 30 297 10 16 172 11 50 512

Table 19: The Pottery from Feature 1764.

Pit 1815 has 2 fills which contain pottery (table 20). The lower fill is (1809). This contained 34 sherdsof moderate size. The earliest sherd is a single fragment of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, whilst 14


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sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a single sherd of South Hampshire Redware are present. Thesesherds are noticeably smaller than the fragments of later material. These consist of a large sherd of MQ3, 5 sherds of MQ4 and 12 sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. The differences infragmentation suggest that the earlier sherds may be redeposited, whilst the later sherds may haveentered the pit as a secondary waste deposit. Alternatively they could be intrusive from the recut,pit 1839. Context (1809) can be interpreted as consisting of a mix of secondary and tertiary waste.The 43 sherds from layer (1796) are more fragmentary. There are 4 sherds of Flint and SandTempered Ware, 11 sherds of Wessex Coarseware, 13 sherds of FQF2 (all the sherds of this fabricfrom this phase), a single sherd of MQ4 and 14 sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. In contrast to(1809), most of the pottery from (1796) is likely to be redeposited. The filling of pit 1815 likelyoccurred in the 14 th century, and this consisted of the dumping of a mixture of tertiary andsecondary waste deposits. Given that the sherds of FQF2 are potentially redeposited, a 13 th centurydate may still be appropriate for this type.

Context: 1796 1809 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFlint and sand tempered ware 4 9 2 1 10 10 5 19Wessex Coarseware 11 82 7 14 140 10 25 222South Hampshire Redware 1 6 6 1 6FQF2 13 100 8 13 100MQ3 1 24 24 1 24MQ4 1 14 14 5 71 14 6 85Late medieval sandy ware 14 141 10 12 150 13 26 291Total 43 346 8 34 401 12 77 747


Two fills of pit 1839, which is a recut of pit 1815, contained pottery (table 21). The lower of these is(1818). This contained 4 small sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware and 3 large sherds of WessexCoarseware. Layer (1795) contained 54 sherds, larger in size and consisting only of 14 th century typesMQ4 and Late Medieval Sandy Ware. The pottery suggests that the pit may have been filled oversome time, with the lower fill perhaps being 13 th century in date, whilst the upper fills date to the14 th century. The pit is a recut, of pit 1815 and the earlier Wessex Coarseware sherds in (1818) mayrelate to the fill of this pit. Considered together we can suggest that pit 1815 dates to the 13 th-14 th century and was filled with a mixture of tertiary and secondary waste. This was then recut by pit1839, which was filled, perhaps with secondary waste, in the late 14 th century.

Context: 1795 1818 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWWessex Coarseware 3 63 21 3 63MQ4 13 169 13 13 169Late medieval sandy ware 41 811 20 4 37 9 45 848Total 54 980 18 7 100 14 61 1080


A single posthole from this phase, feature 1672, contained pottery. This consists of a single smallsherd of Late Medieval Organic Tempered Ware, from context (1636).

The larger sherd size of some 14th

century types in features of this date suggests that somesecondary waste deposition occurred within this phase. This material is nearly always present with


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fragmented earlier material however, which is likely to be redeposited. Therefore the generalpattern of waste deposition in this phase seems to be a mixture of tertiary and secondary wastedeposits. Very little pottery was recovered from layers and some of this is likely to be primary waste,trodden into floor or yard surfaces. There are noticeable differences in the level of fragmentation of 14 th century sherds and earlier sherds, which indicates that it is correct to consider these deposits asbeing of 14 th century date.

Phase 2c (15 th Century)A total of 612 sherds were recovered from phase 2c features. The most abundant are Late MedievalSandy Ware sherds (194 sherds) and there are also 87 sherds of MQ4. Sherds of later Post MedievalSandy Wares, Verwood and Post Medieval Redware are present along with large sherds of FQarg2and MQ3. Whilst earlier types, particularly Wessex Coarseware, are present, sherds are generallysmaller suggesting most are residual or redeposited.

A single pit, 1652 is dated to this phase. Two fills, (1779) and (1713), contained 254 sherds, weighing

4.9kg, between them (table 22). The lower fill is (1779), which contained 37 of these sherds. Single,small, sherds of Wessex Coarseware and Laverstock-type ware are probably residual. The bulk of sherds are of 14 th century date, consisting of 10 sherds of MQ4 and 23 sherds of Late MedievalSandy Ware. A large sherd of FQarg3 is also likely to be contemporary with these wares. A singlesmall sherd of Tudor Green is also present, dateable to the mid-late 15 th century. It is likely that thelate 14 th century sandy wares also continued in use into the 15 th century. The bulk of the potterycame from fill (1779). There are a number of small, earlier, sherds which are probably residual.These consist of sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, Chalk Tempered Ware, WessexCoarseware, Laverstock-type Ware and South Hampshire Redware. Sherds of later types arenoticeably larger. Eight sherds of MQ3, 35 sherds of MQ4, 3 sherds of FQarg2 and a single sherd of Late Medieval Organic Tempered Ware probably date to the late 14 th or early 15 th century. There arealso 69 large sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware, contemporary with these sherds. The date of thelayer is pushed later into the 15 th century by 32 large sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware andsmaller sherds of Tudor Green and Siegberg Stoneware. A further 26 sherds of Verwood-type and 2sherds of Post Medieval Redware may push the date of the deposit into the 16 th century, or beintrusive. The large sherd size suggests that the pit was filled with a secondary, rather than tertiary,waste deposit.


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1596 1666 1679 1690 1693 1694 1696 1703 1736

SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW S

1 5 5

1 10 10

1 8 8

1 4 4 16 235 15 2 32 16 101 910 9 2 6 3

4 11 3

2 10 5

1 6 6 1 5 5 1 14 14

1 39 39

1 8 81 4 4 1 2 2

11 264 24 1 5 5 1 12 12 19 128 7 3 30 10

3 31 10 3 51 17 3 91 30 2 26 13

re 1 2 2

16 270 17 7 118 17 10 83 8 4 42 11 5 79 16 52 962 19

3 37 12

1 11 11

1 2 2 4 24 6

8 77 10 32 560 18 17 276 16 10 130 13 12 99 8 8 84 11 140 1277 9 4 32 8 57 1042 18

Table 23: The Pottery from Well 1689.


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Context: 1713 1779 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFlint and sand tempered ware 2 8 4 2 8Chalk tempered ware 1 12 12 1 12Wessex Coarseware 23 151 7 1 10 10 24 161

Laverstock-type Ware 3 14 5 1 3 3 4 17South Hampshire Redware 4 11 3 4 11FQarg3 1 41 41 1 41MQ3 8 287 36 8 287MQ4 35 478 14 10 151 15 45 629FQarg2 3 133 44 3 133Late medieval organic tempered sandyware 1 23 23 1 23Late medieval sandy ware 69 1515 22 23 587 26 92 2102Siegberg Stoneware 1 5 5 1 5Tudor Green 7 15 2 1 2 2 8 17Post Medieval Sandy Ware 32 1069 33 32 1069

Verwood 26 349 13 26 349Post Medieval Redware 2 65 33 2 65Total 217 4135 19 37 794 21 254 4929


Most of the pottery from this phase comes from a single feature, well 1689 (table 23). Ten fills of thiswell contained pottery. The lowest of these, (1737), contained 31 sherds. These include a mix of 14 th century types (MQ4, FQarg2 and Late Medieval Sandy Ware) and earlier material (FQ2 and WessexCoarseware). It is possible that the earlier sherds are residual. The next layer is (1736), a gravel layer.This contained 57 sherds, 52 of which are large sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. A single smallsherd of Post Medieval Sandy Ware, 3 sherds of MQ4 and a large sherd of FQF2 are also present. Thegravel may be a layer dumped into the well during closing. This would appear to have been dumpedalong with some small, redeposited, sherds as well as secondary waste. Layer (1737) may alsoconsist of residual material dumped during this process. Layer (1703) is a charcoal fill, perhapsrepresenting the dumping of a hearth lining into the well during closing. This contained 2 smallsherds of Wessex Coarseware and 2 moderately sized sherds of FQarg2. Layer (1696) contained ahigher quantity of pottery, 140 sherds. The majority of this is redeposited, consisting of earlier typessuch as Wessex Coarseware, Laverstock-type Ware, South Hampshire Redware and Dorset RedPainted Ware. The presence of Dorset Red Painted Ware, also present in other features of this date,may indicate redeposition into features from a single source. The material contemporary with the

filling of the well is also fairly fragmentary, consisting of 19 small sherds of MQ4 although largersherds of FQarg2 and Late Medieval Sandy Ware are also present. Four sherds of Verwood-type maybe intrusive. Layer (1694) probably also consists of redeposited (tertiary) waste. Only 2 sherds of earlier Wessex Coarseware are present, along with the late medieval types MQfe2, MQ3 and LateMedieval Organic Tempered Ware. The absence of earlier material in layers (1693) may indicateredeposition from a different source. This layer consists of 10 sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Wareand single sherds of MQ3 and MQ4. Layers (1679) and (1690) however are likely to be from thesame source as layer (1696) as they also contain sherds of Dorset Red Painted Ware, along withsherds of later medieval types. Layer (1666) is another charcoal layer. This contained 32 sherds,including 16 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware, a single sherd of FQ2, 11 sherds of

MQ4, 3 sherds of FQarg2 and a single small sherd of Verwood-type. The upper fill is (1596). Thiscontained a single small sherd of Roman pottery and small sherds of Wessex Coarseware, FQarg2


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and unidentified sherds of medieval date. The well was clearly filled with redeposited material fromseveral sources, including hearths and, perhaps, the gravel yard surface. The presence of Dorset RedPainted Ware, otherwise rare on the site, in several fills, suggests that some layers were derivedfrom a common source. The presence of some intrusive material is demonstrative of some post-depositional disturbance. It can be demonstrated however that this well was filled with, principally,tertiary material from various surface deposits in the late 14 th or early 15 th century. A small quantityof contemporary, secondary waste, may also have been dumped into the well, in layers (1736) and(1696).

Layer (1589) is a charcoal layer. It contained 10 sherds, all fragmentary and of mixed date (table 24).The earliest sherd is a large fragment of FQ2. There are single, small, sherds of Laverstock-typeWare, Local Whiteware, MQ4, Late Medieval Sandy Ware and Tudor Green, with 4 sherds of Verwood which are likely to be intrusive. Some of the material is clearly residual/intrusive,demonstrating that the layer has been quite heavily disturbed.

Context: 1589 Ware SC SW ASWFQ2 1 19 19Laverstock-type Ware 1 6 6Local Whiteware 1 7 7MQ4 1 6 6Late medieval sandy ware 1 7 7Tudor Green 1 1 1Verwood 4 30 8Total 10 76 8


The fill of the undefined feature 1747, (1748) is also very mixed (table 25). A small sherd of DorsetRed Painted Ware is probably residual, whilst a small sherd of Staffordshire White Salt GlazedStoneware and 6 moderately sized sherds of Verwood are probably intrusive. This leaves 5 largesherds of FQarg2 and 2 exceptionally large sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware as beingcontemporary with the filling of the feature. The large size of these sherds suggests that the featurewas filled with a secondary waste deposit.

Context: 1748 Ware SC SW ASWDorset Red Painted Ware 1 7 7FQarg2 5 113 23Late medieval sandy ware 2 115 58Verwood 6 85 14Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 1 3 3Total 15 323 22

Table 25: Pottery from Feature 1747.

Two posthole are present in this phase. The fill (1345) of posthole 1441 contained a small sherd of Wessex Coarseware, which is probably residual. The fill of posthole 1481, (1480), also contained asingle small sherd of Wessex Coarseware.

Further features contained only small quantities of pottery. Layer (1137) contained 10 sherds. Eightsmall sherds of Wessex Coarseware are probably residual whilst a moderately sized sherd of Late


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Medieval Sandy Ware may be contemporary with the layer, a s may a single sherd of Tudor Green.The beam slot 1215 contained 2 small sherds of Tudor Green, placing the filling towards the latterend of the phase.

This phase saw a continuation in the trend of depositing secondary, rather than tertiary, deposits

into pits. The well 1689 contained most pottery however and this was mostly filled with redepositedpottery from several sources. Layers generally consist of a mix of material, probably having beendisturbed by later activity, or having disturbed earlier material in their formation.

P HASE 3 (16 TH -17 TH CENTURIES )A total of 122 sherds were recovered from features of phases 3a and 3b, with most (107 sherds)coming from the phase 3a deposits, which date to the 16 th century (table 26). The most commonware in this phase is Verwood-type ware, although Surrey types are also represented through sherdsof Border Ware and Tudor Green. All of the pottery in phase 3b deposits pre-dates the 16 th centuryand is probably residual.

Phase: 3a 3b Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWRoman 1 4 4 1 4FMQ2 1 4 4 1 4Saxo-Norman Organic Tempered 1 5 5 1 5Fine sandy ware 4 9 2 4 9FQ2 4 73 18 1 6 6 5 79Wessex Coarseware 10 69 7 2 14 7 12 83South Hampshire Redware 1 8 8 1 8Southampton Sandy Ware 1 3 3 1 3

Dorset Red Painted Ware 1 7 7 1 7FQarg1 2 45 23 2 45MQfe2 1 2 2 1 2MQ3 1 133 133 1 133MQ4 8 91 11 3 41 14 11 132FQ14 10 128 13 10 128FQarg2 3 91 30 3 91Late medieval sandy ware 9 87 10 4 51 13 13 138Siegberg Stoneware 1 7 7 1 7Border Ware 1 12 12 1 12Tudor Green 12 25 2 12 25Verwood 35 503 14 35 503

Post Medieval Redware 3 21 7 3 21Refined Earthenware 1 1 1 1 1Unid 1 12 12 1 12Total 107 1276 12 15 176 12 122 1452

Table 26: The Pottery from Phase 3 Deposits.

Phase 3a (16 th Century)As mentioned above, sherds of Verwood-type ware are most common in this phase. Othercontemporary types consist of sherds of Post Medieval Redware, Border Ware, Tudor Green,Siegberg Stoneware and, potentially, some of the later-post medieval sandy wares. There are sherdsof earlier types present which are residual in features of this date.


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Context: 1051 1326 1410 1412 1542 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFine sandy ware 2 3 2 2 6 3 4 9FQarg2 1 32 32 1 32Border Ware 1 12 12 1 12Tudor Green 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 6Verwood 1 5 5 1 5Refined Earthenware 1 1 1 1 1Total 1 12 12 2 2 1 5 10 2 3 9 3 1 32 32 12 65

Table 27: Pottery from the Metalled Surface.


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A major feature in this phase is a metalled surface which is present in several areas of the site. In all,only 12 sherds were recovered from this surface (table 27). Four sherds of Fine Sandy Ware areprobably residual and the same is probably true of the large sherd of FQarg2. Small sherds of

contemporary types; Border Ware and Tudor Green, may have been incorporated into the layerduring its construction or use. The same may be true of the single sherd of Verwood-type, althougha sherd of Refined Earthenware is definitely intrusive. None of this pottery can be demonstrated tohave been dumped during the construction of this layer and all sherds probably became associatedwith the layer accidentally.

Several other layers are present in this phase. Layer (1197) contained 13 sherds (table 28). Theseinclude 10 moderately sized sherds of FQ14, probably of 14 th -15 th century date and small sherds of MQfe2, Tudor Green and Verwood. Whilst the Verwood and Tudor Green may be contemporarywith the deposit, the other wares are likely to be residual. Layer (1424) contained 2 small sherds of

Late Medieval Sandy Ware.

Context: 1197 Ware SC SW ASWMQfe2 1 2 2FQ14 10 128 13Tudor Green 1 1 1Verwood 1 8 8Total 13 139 11


Layers (1315) and (1316) are stratigraphically associated, with (1315) overlying (1316). Layer (1315)contained a single sherd of Dorset Red Painted Ware. Layer (1316) contained 8 sherds (table 29). Asherd of Wessex Coarseware is residual, but 2 sherds of Tudor Green, 4 sherds of Verwood-type anda sherd of Post Medieval Redware, are all likely to be contemporary with the creation of this layer,possibly in the late 16 th , or early 17 th , century.

Context: 1315 1316 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWWessex Coarseware 1 2 2 1 2Dorset Red PaintedWare 1 7 7 1 7

Tudor Green 2 14 7 2 14Verwood 4 7 2 4 7Post Medieval Redware 1 3 3 1 3Total 1 7 7 8 26 3 9 33

Table 29: The Pottery from Layers 1315 and 1316.

Layer (1216) is a floor layer, which overlies many of the phase 2c features. It contained only 2 sherdsof pottery, which date it to the late 15 th or early 16 th century. These are a large sherd of LateMedieval Sandy Ware and a small sherd of Tudor Green.

Two pits in this phase contained pottery. The first of the is pit 1645. The lowest layer with pottery is

(1712) which only contains a single, residual, sherd of South Hampshire Redware (table 30). Layer(1706) also contains residual sherds, 3 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware. A large sherd of MQ3 is


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likely to be a secondary waste deposit, possibly dated to the 15 th , rather than 16 th century. The pit issealed by gravel layer (1705). This contained 4 small sherds which are likely to be redeposited withinthe gravel. These consist of small sherds of Wessex Coarseware, Late Medieval Sandy Ware andVerwood-type Ware. The small quantity of pottery from this pit makes it difficult to understand howit was filled, but the majority of sherds would appear to be residual/redeposited.

Context: 1705 1706 1712 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWWessex Coarseware 1 5 5 3 27 9 4 32South HampshireRedware 1 8 8 1 8MQ3 1 133 133 1 133Late medieval sandyware 1 12 12 1 12Verwood 2 6 3 2 6Total 4 23 6 4 160 40 1 8 8 9 191


The pottery from the fills of pit 1789 are also fairly fragmentary (table 31). The lowest is (1820). Thiscontained 4 small sherds, of Late Medieval Sandy Ware, Tudor Green and Verwood-type Ware. Thenext fill (1812) is different in character, with 5 large sherds of Verwood-type being present, alongwith moderately sized sherds of FQ2 and Wessex Coarseware. These earlier wares are either residualor redeposited, the larger Verwood-type sherds may be a secondary waste deposit. Layer (1810) issimilar, containing a large sherd of Verwood-type and 2 smaller sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware,which may be residual. The pottery in the upper fill is much more mixed and fragmented, it may bederived from a later layer. It contains 20 sherds of Verwood-type, 2 sherds of Post MedievalRedware, 2 sherds of Tudor Green, a sherd of Siegberg Stoneware, along with sherds of MQ4, LateMedieval Sandy Ware and Verwood-type Ware. Whilst the pit would appear to have been filled withcontemporary, secondary waste, the pit was either closed with redeposited material, or the upperlayer is later and slumped into the pit.

Context: 1790 1810 1812 1820 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFQ2 1 15 15 1 15Wessex Coarseware 1 10 10 1 12 12 2 22MQ4 8 91 11 8 91Late medieval sandyware 2 7 4 2 23 12 1 4 4 5 34Siegberg Stoneware 1 7 7 1 7Tudor Green 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 3Verwood 20 266 13 1 68 68 5 132 26 1 11 11 27 477Post Medieval Redware 2 18 9 2 18Total 36 400 11 3 91 30 7 159 23 4 17 4 50 667


One posthole in this phase contained pottery, feature 1646. Its fill (1704) contained a small sherd of Saxo-Norman Organic Tempered Ware, 2 larger sherds of FQ2 and a small sherd of WessexCoarseware. All are likely to be redeposited or residual. The undefined feature 1427 also containedresidual pottery, in the form of a small sherd of Wessex Coarseware and 2 larger sherds of FQarg2.


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Based on these sherds it would be appropriate to date this feature to the 14 th /15 th rather than 16 th century.

The tiled hearth 1182 had residual sherds of FQ2 and Wessex Coarseware associated with it, whilstthe bedding layer (1337) contained a single residual sherd of Roman pottery.

Very few features date to this phase and the 2 pits appear to have different depostional histories,one having been filled with redeposited material and one with secondary waste. Several of thelayers contain a mixture of contemporary and residual material. Feature 1427 may be earlier,perhaps 14 th /15 th century in date whilst the presence of Verwood-type wares in most of thesedeposits would push their dating to the latter part of the 16 th century, if not into the 17 th century.

Phase 3b (16 th -17 th Century)All of the 15 sherds recovered from phase 3b deposits came from layers (table 32). Layer (1281) is aburnt layer which only contained residual pottery, sherds of Southampton-type Sandy Ware, MQ4

and Late Medieval Sandy Ware. Layers (1377) and (1504) are levelling layers, which also only containearlier material. Layer (1377) contained 2 sherds of FQarg2 whilst layer (1504) contained a range of fragmented sherds. The types present include Flint and Sand Tempered Ware (FMQ2), FQ2, WessexCoarseware, MQ4 and Late Medieval Sandy Ware. The absence of 17 th century types means that onceramic grounds it is not appropriate to separate phases 3a and 3b, however phase 3b does seem torepresent a discrete phase of levelling activity on the site.

Context: 1281 1377 1504 Total Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFMQ2 1 4 4 1 4FQ2 1 6 6 1 6Wessex Coarseware 2 14 7 2 14Southampton Sandy Ware 1 3 3 1 3FQarg1 2 45 23 2 45MQ4 2 33 17 1 8 8 3 41Late medieval sandy ware 1 4 4 3 47 16 4 51Unid 1 12 12 1 12Total 5 52 10 2 45 23 8 79 10 15 176

Table 32: The Pottery from Phase 3b Deposits.

P HASE 4 (17 TH -18 TH CENTURY )Most of the pottery from phase 4 deposits was recovered from layers and structural features. Many

of these deposits are likely to have disturbed earlier features, based on the large quantity of residualmaterial present (table 33). Seventeenth-eighteenth century types are present however, includingsherds of Verwood, Post Medieval Sandy Ware and Post Medieval Redware. Sherds of Tudor Greenand Coarse Border Ware may date to the earliest part of the phase. Other 17 th -18 th century typesinclude Raeren-type Stoneware, Tin Glazed Ware, Creamware and Porcelain. Sherds of EnglishStoneware and modern flower pot are probably intrusive.

We can deal first with the layers. Layer (1279) is a burnt layer. It contained 3 sherds, one of which, of Post Medieval Redware, is probably contemporary with the deposit. Sherds of Rouen-type ware andARGmq1 are residual. Layer (1371) is also a burnt layer. The residual material within this layer

consists of a sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, 15 sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a sherd


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of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. Sherds of Verwood and Creamware may be contemporary with thelayer and suggest a mid-18 th century date, however these could be intrusive.

Ware SC%geSC SW

%geSW ASW

Flint and sand tempered ware 1 0% 14 1% 14Flint and sand tempered ware (Newbury type) 1 0% 3 0% 3Fine sandy ware 1 0% 2 0% 2Wessex Coarseware 31 13% 238 12% 8Laverstock-type Ware 6 2% 42 2% 7Local Pink Sandy Ware 1 0% 11 1% 11Local Whiteware 1 0% 15 1% 15Southampton Sandy Ware 1 0% 2 0% 2Rouen-type Ware 1 0% 1 0% 1ARGmq1 1 0% 5 0% 5FQF3 2 1% 37 2% 19MQ3 6 2% 49 3% 8

FQfe3 1 0% 2 0% 2FQarg2 4 2% 20 1% 5Late medieval organic tempered sandy ware 1 0% 50 3% 50Late medieval sandy ware 5 2% 67 3% 13Raeren-type Stoneware 60 25% 24 1% 0Coarse Border Ware 1 0% 11 1% 11Tudor Green 14 6% 34 2% 2Post Medieval Sandy Ware 11 5% 130 7% 12Verwood 78 32% 955 50% 12Post Medieval Redware 1 0% 8 0% 8Tin Glazed Ware 1 0% 1 0% 1Creamware 2 1% 14 1% 7Porcelain 3 1% 1 0% 0English Stoneware 3 1% 35 2% 12Flower Pot 2 1% 31 2% 16Unid 4 2% 124 6% 31Total 244 1926 8

Table 33: The Pottery from Phase 4 Deposits.

Layer (1376) is a chalk layer. It contained 2 small sherds of Verwood-type, likely to be contemporarywith its formation. Layer (1183) contains a relatively tightly datable group (table 34). The earliestsherds, which may be residual, are 4 small fragments of Tudor Green. Sherds of Verwood, Tin GlazedWare, Creamware and Porcelain can all be dated to the 18 th century.

Context: 1183 Ware SC SW ASWTudor Green 4 3 1Verwood 2 10 5Tin Glazed Ware 1 1 1Creamware 1 10 10Porcelain 3 1 0Total 11 25 2



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Layer (1265) contained 4 small sherds, all likely to be residual. These consist of single sherds of Flintand Sand Tempered Ware, Wessex Coarseware, FQfe3 and Coarse Border Ware. Layer (1378) has asimilar composition, however there are several small sherds of Raeren-type stoneware present.

Context (1653), a fill of pit 1734 contained a single sherd of Laverstock-type ware, which is probably

residual. Three postholes from this phase contained pottery. Posthole 1198 contained a single largesherd of Verwood in context (1200), which may be contemporary with the filling of the feature.Posthole 1447 contained a small, residual sherd of Wessex Coarseware, whilst contained a smallsherd of Tudor Green and a larger sherd of Verwood-type Ware, which are likely to be contemporarywith the deposit.

Five sherds are associated with the Tile Hearth 1581. These consist of 3 large sherds of Verwood-type and 2 moderately sized sherds from flower pots. A single, small, residual sherd of WessexCoarseware is associated with Tile Hearth 1586.

Context: 1439 1444 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFine sandy ware 1 2 2 1 2Wessex Coarseware 3 12 4 2 12 6 5 24Verwood 5 103 21 5 103Total 8 115 14 3 14 5 11 129

Table 35: Pottery from Trench 1440.

Two trenches may be associated with gardening activity. Two layers within context 1440 containedpottery (table 35). Context (1444) contained 3 residual sherds, of Fine Sandy Ware and WessexCoarseware. Layer (1439) also contained 3 small, residual sherds of Wessex Coarseware, along with

5 larger sherds of Verwood-type, likely to be contemporary with the deposit. Three fills withintrench 1553 contained pottery. Layer (1607) contained 3 sherds. These are small, fragmentary piecesof MQ3 and Southampton-type Sandy Ware, all likely to be residual. Most of the pottery (42 sherds)came from (1540). A sherd of English Stoneware and 25 sherds of Verwood-type are likely to becontemporary with the deposit, whilst smaller sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware, Tudor Greenand various medieval sandy wares are probably residual. Context (1503) contained 5 small sherds of Verwood-type, which are probably redeposited. Both trenches are filled with redeposited material,however a small quantity of sherds if trench 1440 may represent some secondary waste mixed withthese tertiary deposits.

Context: 1503 1540 1607 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWLocal Whiteware 1 15 15 1 15Southampton Sandy Ware 1 2 2 1 2MQ3 1 6 6 2 11 6 3 17Late medieval sandy ware 3 56 19 3 56Tudor Green 1 7 7 1 7Post Medieval Sandy Ware 10 72 7 10 72Verwood 5 14 3 25 326 13 30 340English Stoneware 1 15 15 1 15Total 5 14 3 42 497 12 3 13 4 50 524



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The fills of well 1331 contained 64 sherds, principally of medieval date (table 37). The lowest fill withpottery is (1454). It contains 20 sherds, 9 of which are likely to be residual, consisting of smallfragments of Wessex Coarseware, Laverstock-type Ware MQ3 and Tudor Green. Eleven sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware are also present, however these are also very small (ASW: 8g). All of thismaterial is likely to have been redeposited. Layer (1388) would also appear to be a dump of redeposited material. There are 14 small sherds, consisting of residual fragments of WessexCoarseware, medieval glazed sandy wares, FQarg2 and Tudor Green. Layer (1344) is very different innature. Two small sherds of Wessex Coarseware are residual, however there are large sherds of PostMedieval Sandy Ware and Verwood-type Ware, which may be a secondary waste deposit. The upperfill is (1332). The material from this layer is mixed and fragmentary, suggestive of this being aredeposited layer. The only sherds likely to be contemporary with the formation of the layer are 16moderately sized sherds of Verwood-type.

The bulk of the pottery from Phase 4 features is redeposited, either being residual earlier material orbeing fragmentary, contemporary sherds. Small quantities of secondary waste are present in somefeatures, but these have generally been mixed with tertiary waste deposits. This is likely to be due tothe nature of these deposits, principally being structural features and layers.


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Context: 1332 1344 1388 1454 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWWessex Coarseware 1 20 20 2 15 8 1 3 3 4 23 6 8 61Laverstock-type Ware 1 11 11 1 1 1 2 9 5 4 21Local Pink Sandy Ware 1 11 11 1 11FQF3 2 37 19 2 37MQ3 1 29 29 2 3 2 3 32FQarg2 2 8 4 2 8Late medieval organic tempered sandy ware 1 50 50 1 50Tudor Green 1 4 4 6 18 3 1 1 1 8 23

Post Medieval Sandy Ware 1 58 58 1 58Verwood 16 208 13 1 10 10 11 90 8 28 308English Stoneware 2 20 10 2 20Unid 3 117 39 1 7 7 4 124Total 23 342 15 7 200 29 14 85 6 20 126 6 64 753

Table 37: Pottery from Well 1331.


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P HASE 5 (18 TH CENTURY )Around half of the pottery from phase 5 features is of Verwood type (table 38). Other typescontemporary with the phase include Post Medieval Redware, Post Medieval Brown Glazed Ware(Alderholt type?), 5 sherds of Tin Glazed Ware, 29 sherds of Creamware and sherds of Porcelain,White Salt Glazed Stoneware and Pearlware. Some other post-medieval types of 16 th-17 th centurydate are also present in these deposits, including sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware, Border Ware,Tudor Green and Frechen and Raeren-type stonewares. These are all potentially residual. Sherds of medieval types are generally small and are all residual.

Ware SC%geSC SW

%geSW ASW

Flint and sand tempered ware 2 1% 6 0% 3Wessex Coarseware 12 5% 135 4% 11Laverstock-type Ware 1 0% 6 0% 6South Hampshire Redware 2 1% 31 1% 16FQ4 1 0% 10 0% 10MQfe2 3 1% 51 2% 17MQ3 1 0% 3 0% 3MQ4 1 0% 6 0% 6Late medieval sandy ware 6 3% 33 1% 6Raeren-type Stoneware 1 0% 4 0% 4Frechen-type Stoneware 1 0% 13 0% 13Border Ware 3 1% 65 2% 22Coarse Border Ware 1 0% 17 1% 17Tudor Green 4 2% 3 0% 1Post Medieval Sandy Ware 16 7% 272 9% 17Verwood 103 44% 1716 54% 17

Post Medieval Redware 18 8% 527 17% 29Post Medieval Brown Glazed 2 1% 13 0% 7Tin Glazed Ware 5 2% 34 1% 7Creamware 29 12% 65 2% 2Pearlware 1 0% 2 0% 2Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 1 0% 9 0% 9Porcelain 3 1% 11 0% 4Refined Earthenware 10 4% 75 2% 8English Stoneware 5 2% 53 2% 11Flower Pot 1 0% 2 0% 2Total 233 3162 14


Layer (1325) is an ashy deposit. It contained 3 large sherds of Verwood-type and 6 small sherds of refined earthenware. The Verwood may be contemporary with the deposit, but the RefinedEarthenware is likely to be intrusive.

Layer (1153) contained 5 moderately sized sherd of 18 th -19 th century date. These consist of fragments of Verwood-type, Refined Earthenware and English Stoneware. All are likely to becontemporary with the formation of the layer.

Layer (1213) contains a more mixed assemblage. Sherds of Border Ware and Coarse Border Waremay be residual, whilst 16 sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware and 2 sherds of Tin Glazed Wares arelikely to be contemporary with the formation of the deposit.


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Layer (1372) contained a single, small sherd of Wessex Coarseware, which is residual. All of thepottery from layer (1446) is residual. It consists of sherds of Wessex Coarseware, Laverstock-typeWare, FQ4 and MQ3.

Layer (1303) is a rubble layer. It contained 25 small sherds of Verwood-type Ware which may be

contemporary with the deposit. There is also residual material present, consisting of sherds of Wessex Coarseware, Late Medieval Coarseware, Raeren-type Stoneware and Tudor Green.

Undefined feature 1425 contained 4 sherds, all of which may be contemporary with the deposit(table 39). These consist of 2 moderately sized sherds of Verwood-type and small sherds of TinGlazed Ware and English Stoneware.

Context: 1423 Ware SC SW ASWVerwood 2 25 13Tin Glazed Ware 1 1 1English Stoneware 1 4 4Total 4 30 8


Feature 1063 is flint lined. Layer (1334) is the foundation layer. It contained 4 small sherds of Verwood-type and 2 small sherds of Tin Glazed Ware, likely to be redeposited (table 40). The fill(1175) contained 13 larger sherds of Verwood-type, which may be a secondary waste deposit.

Context: 1175 1334 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWVerwood 13 307 24 4 37 9 17 344Tin Glazed Ware 2 1 1 2 1Total 13 307 24 6 38 6 19 345


The hearth 1201 contained 14 large sherds, (table 41) all of which are probably contemporary withthe hearth. These consist of Border Ware, Verwood-type Ware, Post Medieval Redware, Creamwareand English Stoneware.

Context: 1203 Ware SC SW ASWBorder Ware 2 63 32Verwood 9 451 50Post Medieval Redware 1 73 73Creamware 1 18 18English Stoneware 1 18 18Total 14 623 45

Table 41: Pottery from Hearth 1201.

Feature 1665 is a linear cut. The fill (1735) contained 24 small sherds of pottery, many of which arelikely to be residual (table 42). Sherds of Verwood-type Ware, Post Medieval Redware, Creamwareand English Stoneware may be contemporary with the filling of the feature; a small sherd of RefinedEarthenware may be intrusive. Sherds of Wessex Coarseware, South Hampshire Redware and TudorGreen are residual. The feature is likely to have been filled with redeposited material.


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Context: 1735 Ware SC SW ASWWessex Coarseware 3 63 21South Hampshire Redware 2 31 16Tudor Green 1 1 1

Verwood 9 69 8Post Medieval Redware 1 12 12Creamware 5 15 3Refined Earthenware 1 2 2English Stoneware 2 20 10Total 24 213 9

Table 42: Pottery from Linear Feature 1665.

Three pits have been dated to this phase. The first, pit 1283, contained 32 sherds (table 43). The 4small sherds from (1296) are residual. Small, residual sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, MQ4and Late Medieval Sandy Ware are also present in (1262). There are larger, contemporary sherds of

Verwood-type, Post Medieval Redware and Frechen-type Stoneware. These may represent asecondary waste deposit, mixed with residual, redeposited, earlier pottery.

Context: 1262 1296 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFlint and sand tempered ware 1 2 2 1 2Wessex Coarseware 3 24 8 3 24MQ4 1 6 6 1 6Late medieval sandy ware 1 7 7 1 5 5 2 12Frechen-type Stoneware 1 13 13 1 13Verwood 10 135 14 10 135Post Medieval Redware 14 387 28 14 387Total 28 550 20 4 29 7 32 579


All of the pottery from pit 1674 is likely to be redeposited (table 44). Layer (1733) is the lowest layerwith pottery, it contained a single large sherd of Post Medieval Redware. Layer (1638) contained 10fragmentary sherds, including residual fragments of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and LateMedieval Sandy Ware. Sherds of Verwood-type, Post Medieval Redware, Post Medieval BrownGlazed Ware, Creamware and Porcelain are all likely to be contemporary with the deposit, but maystill be redeposited. Pit 1805 contained only a single sherd of Wessex Coarseware.

Context: 1638 1733 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFlint and sand tempered ware 1 4 4 1 4Late medieval sandy ware 1 5 5 1 5Verwood 5 39 8 5 39Post Medieval Redware 1 32 32 1 32Post Medieval Brown Glazed 1 9 9 1 9Creamware 1 2 2 1 2Porcelain 1 4 4 1 4Total 10 63 6 1 32 32 11 95


Posthole 1304 contained 4 sherds, a small sherd of Verwood-type and 3 moderately sized sherds of MQfe2. All is likely to be redeposited. Posthole 1306 contained a single, residual sherd of Late


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Medieval Sandy Ware. In contrast, posthole 1587 contained 2 large sherds, of Post MedievalRedware and Verwood-type Ware. These are likely to be post packing. Posthole 1656 contained 5small sherds which are likely to be redeposited, but contemporary with the feature. These consist of Verwood-type Ware, Creamware, White Salt Glazed Stoneware and Porcelain. Posthole 1722contained a single small sherd of Pearlware. Posthole 1723 contained small sherds of Post MedievalBrown Glazed Ware and Flower Pot.

Feature 1093 is a sump in the cellar floor. Fifteen small sherds of Verwood-type Ware and 21 smallsherds of Creamware were present in context (1112), whilst context (1111) contained a small sherdof Porcelain and larger sherds of Verwood-type Ware and Refined Earthenware.

As with phase 4, most of the pottery from phase 5 features is redeposited, with a quantity of residual material present in most deposits. Where pottery contemporary with the phase is present,sherds are generally fragmented, suggesting redeposition.


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P HASE 6 (19 TH CENTURY )Most of the pottery from Phase 6 deposits came from phase 6A (table 45). Pottery from this phaseconsists principally of Verwood-type Wares with smaller quantities of industrial produced types.There is also a fairly high quantity of earlier, residual material present. Only 29 sherds wererecovered from Phase 6B features, consisting of Verwood-type Ware, Tin Glazed Ware, Creamware,Industrial Slipware and English Stoneware. Five sherds were recovered from phase 6C features,consisting of Westerwald-type Stoneware, Post Medieval Sandy Ware and Tin Glazed Ware. Only thepottery from phase 6A deposits will be discussed below.

Phase: 6A 6B 6C TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFlint and sand tempered ware 1 34 34 3 26 9 4 60Fine sandy ware 3 202 67 3 202Wessex Coarseware 15 269 18 15 269Local Whiteware 21 304 14 21 304

MQ3 1 18 18 1 18MQ4 1 6 6 1 6FQarg2 2 12 6 2 12MQffe1 1 11 11 1 11Late medieval sandy ware 5 27 5 5 27Iberian calcareous redware 1 13 13 1 13Iberian Micaceous Redware 1 8 8 1 8Raeren-type Stoneware 3 44 15 3 44Frechen-type Stoneware 3 31 10 3 31Westerwald Stoneware 2 26 13 1 52 52 3 78Border Ware 5 70 14 5 70Tudor Green 9 21 2 1 3 3 10 24

Post Medieval Sandy Ware 3 40 13 3 40Verwood 119 2462 21 14 225 16 133 2687Post Medieval Redware 15 476 32 15 476Post Medieval Brown Glazed 3 9 3 3 9Bristol-Staffordshire Slipware 1 12 12 1 12Tin Glazed Ware 18 132 7 4 40 10 3 44 15 25 216Creamware 19 179 9 4 15 4 23 194Black Basalte 3 26 9 3 26Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 5 42 8 5 42Scratch Blue 1 2 2 1 2Industrial Slipware 1 2 2 1 2Porcelain 6 86 14 6 86Refined Earthenware 28 232 8 28 232English Stoneware 10 195 20 2 15 8 12 210Flower Pot 2 8 4 2 8Unid 2 3 2 1 3 3 3 6Total 309 5000 16 29 326 11 5 99 20 343 5425


Phase 6A (1808-1815)The main features present in this phase are related to Osborne House. Two cellars are present.Feature 1093, a sump in one of these has a single context (1101), dated to this phase. It contained asingle sherd of Black Basalt Ware.


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The fill of cellar 1184, (1182), contained 4 moderately sized sherds, of Westerwald-type Stoneware,White Salt Glazed Stoneware and English Stoneware. Cellar 1829 contained only 3 residual sherds of Border Ware. The fills of both cellars are likely to consist of redeposited spoil.

A single pit is present in this phase, feature 1243. Context (1244) within it contained 2 sherds of

Border Ware with a sherd of Verwood-type Ware and one of Refined Earthenware. All are very smalland likely to be redeposited.

Fill (1630) of well 1667 contained 32 sherds. Twenty-three sherds of Verwood-type and sherds of Creamware and English Stoneware may be contemporary with the deposit, but a sherd of Bristol-Staffordshire type Slipware is of 17 th -18th century date. It is probable that the well was filled withredeposited spoil, which included some contemporary waste.

Feature 1211 is a drain. Residual sherds of Wessex Coarseware and Late Medieval Sandy Ware, aswell as 2 small sherds of Refined Earthenware were associated with it.

A number of foundation trenches are present, associated with the walls of Osborne House. The fillsof trench 1007 contained 32 sherds (table 46). Context (1212) contained a single residual sherd of Raeren-type Stoneware. Thirty-one sherds were recovered from context (1253). Residual sherds arepresent in the form of Wessex Coarseware. Sherds of Verwood-type Ware, Post Medieval Redware,Tin Glazed Ware, Refined Earthenware and English Stoneware may all be contemporary with theconstruction phase, however the relatively small sherd size suggests that the material wasredeposited into these trenches from elsewhere.

Context: 1212 1253 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWWessex Coarseware 1 4 4 1 4Raeren-type Stoneware 1 20 20 1 20Verwood 11 219 20 11 219Post Medieval Redware 1 12 12 1 12Tin Glazed Ware 11 100 9 11 100Refined Earthenware 4 12 3 4 12English Stoneware 3 33 11 3 33Total 1 20 20 31 380 12 32 400


Trench 1024 only contained 2 sherds, 1 of Post Medieval Redware and 5 of Creamware (table 47).

The sherds a re relatively large and may represent secondary waste used as packing. Trench 1042contained a wider range of pottery. Context (1042) contained a large, but residual, sherd of Flint andSand Tempered Ware, with 2 sherds of Tudor Green, a large sherd of Verwood-type Ware and 2sherds of Refined Earthenware. Sherds in context (1373) are much more fragmented and a widerrange of types are present, including Iberian Micaceous Redware, Rhenish Stoneware andcontemporary, industrially produced types. This trench appears to have principally been filled withcontemporary, redeposited material, possibly from elsewhere.


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Context: 1042 1373 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SWFlint and sand tempered ware 1 34 34 1 34Iberian Micaceous Redware 1 8 8 1 8Raeren-type Stoneware 1 13 13 1 13

Westerwald Stoneware 1 21 21 1 21Tudor Green 2 5 3 2 5Verwood 1 66 66 12 175 15 13 241Post Medieval Brown Glazed 2 5 3 2 5Creamware 4 6 2 4 6Refined Earthenware 2 30 15 3 8 3 5 38English Stoneware 1 2 2 1 2Unid 1 1 1 1 1Total 6 135 23 26 239 9 32 374


Similarly, trench 1123 seems to have been filled principally with redeposited material, however a

large sherds of Verwood-type Ware (in context (1177)) and Post Medieval Redware (in context(1219)) may be secondary waste deposits. As in trench 1042 most of this redeposited material islikely to be contemporary with the filling of the feature. Trench 1260 contained 2 moderately sizedsherds of Verwood-type Ware and 2 smaller Flower Pot fragments. All of these foundation trenchesappear to have been filled with redeposited material, although the pottery is generallycontemporary, suggesting that the spoil used was formed fairly recently in relation to the filling of the features.

Context: 1177 1219 TotalWare SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW

MQffe1 1 11 11 1 11Tudor Green 2 4 2 2 4Verwood 3 60 20 3 60Post Medieval Redware 3 123 41 3 123Tin Glazed Ware 1 5 5 1 5Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 1 3 3 1 3Refined Earthenware 1 1 1 3 6 2 4 7English Stoneware 1 1 1 1 1Total 6 75 13 10 139 14 16 214


Feature 1097 is a robber trench. The fill (1096) contained a small, residual sherds of Fine Sandy Wareand Post Medieval Sandy Ware, with a sherd of Refined Earthenware.

The garden soil layer (1583) yielded 55 sherds, including 5 very large (but residual) fragments of Wessex Coarseware and 21 sherds of Local Whiteware (table 49). The remainder of the pottery is of post medieval date, with sherds generally being moderate-large in size. The wares present consist of Verwood, Post Medieval Redware, Post Medieval Brown Glazed Ware, Tin Glazed Ware andindustrially produced Black Basalt, Creamware, Porcelain, Refined Earthenware and EnglishStoneware. Sherds of Tudor Green and Iberian Redware are likely to be residual. A single sherd of Scratch Blue was recovered from the gravel layer (1164) and is likely to be contemporary with it.


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Table 49: Pottery from Garden Layer 1583.

Further layers also contained pottery. A single small sherd of Verwood-type was recovered fromlayer (1163), whilst a residual sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware and sherds of Tin Glazed Ware,White Salt Glazed Stoneware and Porcelain were recovered from (1269). Layer (1370) contained asingle sherd of Verwood-type ware. The levelling layer (1059) contained 12 large sherds of Verwood-type, likely to be contemporary with the formation of the deposit, as well as 2 residual sherds of Tudor Green.

Layer (1312) contained a mixed assemblage of 89 sherds (table 50). M

report 13 church st

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