replace 48-pulse gto converter by 9-level gto converter in .... replace 48-pulse gto conver… ·...

J. M. R. Malla et. al. / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and EngineeringVol. 1, Issue. 1, Jan. 2014, ISSN XXXX-XXXX

Available online @ www.ijntse.com 1

Replace 48-Pulse GTO Converter by 9-LevelGTO Converter in VSC DSTATCOM

Jagan Mohana Rao Malla and Manti Mariya DasEmail: [email protected]

Abstract ― The paper investigates the dynamic operation of novel control scheme for StaticSynchronous Compensator (STATCOM based on a new full model comprising a 48-pulse GateTurn-Off thyristor voltage source converter for combined reactive power compensation andvoltage stabilization of the electric grid network. The complete digital simulation of theSTATCOM within the power system is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environmentusing the Power System Block set (PSB). The STATCOM scheme and the electric grid networkare modeled by specific electric blocks from the power system block set, while the controlsystem is modeled using Simulink. In this paper 9 level converter is used instead of 48 pulseconverter. In general 48 pulse converter have 8 transformers and 8 six pulse converters, so it isvery difficult to operate and cost is also very high. In our proposed structure have only onetransformer and one 9 level converter so performance/controlling is very easy and cost is veryless compare to general configuration. Present results at different loads connected to line.

Index Terms— 48-pulse Gate Turn-Off (GTO) thyristor model STATCOM, 9 level converter, andreactive compensation.

I. INTRODUCTIONIN THE last decade, commercial availability of Gate Turn-Off (GTO) thyristor switching devices

with high-power handling capability and the advancement of the other types of power-semiconductordevices such as IGBTs have led to the development of fast controllable reactive power sourcesutilizing new electronic switching and converter technology. These switching technologiesadditionally offer considerable advantages over existing methods in terms of space reductions andfast effective damping [1-14].

The GTO thyristor enable the design of the solid-state shunt reactive compensation and activefiltering equipment based upon switching converter technology. These Power Quality Devices (PQDevices) are power electronic converters connected in parallel or in series with transmission lines,and the operation is controlled by digital controllers [10-19]. The interaction between thesecompensating devices and the grid network is preferably studied by digital simulation. Flexiblealternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices are usually used for fast dynamic controlof voltage, impedance, and phase angle of high-voltage ac lines [15-19]. FACTS devices providestrategic benefits for improved transmission system power flow management through betterutilization of existing transmission assets, increased transmission system security and reliability aswell as availability, increased dynamic and transient grid stability, and increased power quality forsensitive industries (e.g., computer chip manufacture). The advent of FACTS systems is giving riseto a new family of power electronic equipment for controlling and optimizing the dynamicperformance of power system, e.g., STATCOM, SSSC, and UPFC [17, 20-28]. The use of voltage-source inverter (VSI) has been widely accepted as the next generation of flexible reactive powercompensation to replace other conventional VAR compensation, such as the thyristor-switchedcapacitor (TSC) and thyristor controlled reactor (TCR). Multilevel inverters play key role in FACTSdevices as well as in improving power quality [9-17, 28-31]. This paper deals with a novel cascadedmultilevel converter model, which is a 48-pulse (9 levels) source converter. The voltage source



converter described in this paper is a harmonic neutralized, 48-pulse GTO converter. It consists ofone transformer and one 9 level converter (replace conventional 48 pulse i.e. 8 six pulse convertersand 8 transformers by only one 9 level converter). We can improve further to automation of thiscontroller to improve power quality during faults also [32-35]. By applying artificial neural networkand fuzzy system to the system for simplify the complexity [36-44]. General 48 pulse STATCOM isshown in fig1, and proposed structure is shown in fig2. Recently research has been increased on non-polluting energy such as renewable energy power generation [45-59]. Further this system candevelop for renewable energy based power generation system.

Fig 1: general 48 pulse STATCOM (8 transformers and 8- six pulse converters)

Fig2: proposed structure (1 transformer and one 9 level converter)

II. STATCOMThe basic STATCOM model consists of a step-down transformer with leakage reactance, a three-

phase GTO VSI, and a dc side capacitor. The ac voltage difference across this transformer leakagereactance produces reactive power exchange between the STATCOM and the power system at the



point of interface. The voltage can be regulated to improve the voltage profile of the interconnectedpower system, which is the primary duty of the STATCOM. A secondary damping function can beadded to the STATCOM for enhancing power system dynamic stability. The STATCOM’s mainfunction is to regulate key bus voltage magnitude by dynamically absorbing or generating Reactivepower to the ac grid network, like a thyristor static compensator. This reactive power transfer is donethrough the leakage reactance of the coupling transformer by using a secondary transformer voltagein phase with the primary voltage (network side). This voltage is provided by a voltage-source PWMinverter and is always in quadrature to the STATCOM current. Generally power quality problems aremore addressed in in grid connected system [60-73]. Hence, STATCOM plays major role in grid andits mitigate voltage sag and sweel [74-75].

The STATCOM device operation can be illustrated by the phasor diagrams shown in Fig. 3. Whenthe secondary voltage (VS) is lower than the grid system bus voltage (VB), the STATCOM acts likean inductance absorbing reactive power from the grid bus. When the secondary voltage (VS) ishigher than the bus voltage (VB), the STATCOM acts like a capacitor generating reactive power tothe grid bus. In steady-state operation and due to inverter losses, the bus voltage (VB) always leadsthe inverter ac voltage by a very small angle to supply the required small active power losses. Thevoltage source-converter or inverter (VSC or VSI) scheme is the building block of any STATCOMdevice and other FACTS devices. A simple inverter produces a square voltage waveform as itswitches the direct voltage source on and off. The basic objective of a good VSI-converter scheme isto produce a near sinusoidal ac voltage with minimal wave form distortion or excessive harmonicscontent. Three basic techniques can be used for reducing the harmonics produced by the converterswitching. Harmonic neutralization using magnetic coupling (multipulse converter configurations),harmonic reduction using multilevel converter configurations, and novel pulse-width modulation(PWM) switching techniques.

The 24- and 48-pulse converters are obtained by combining two or four (12-pulse) VSI,respectively, with the specified phase shift between all converters. For high-power applications withlow distortion, the best option is the 48-pulse converter, although using parallel filters tuned to the23th–25th harmonics with a 24-pulse converter could also be adequately attentive in mostapplications, but the 48-pulse converter scheme can ensure minimum power quality problems andreduced harmonic resonance conditions on the interconnected grid network. Design of capacitor andplacement of FACTS location is important factor in transmission system [76-85]. At the same timeharmonic compensation is important for maintaining good power quality [85]. The proposed systemcan work like a active power filter for nonlinear loads.

Fig. 3. STATCOM operation. (a) Inductive operation. (b) Capacitive operation.



III. DIGITAL SIMULATION MODELA novel complete model using the 48-pulse digital simulation of the STATCOM within a power

system is presented in this paper. The digital simulation is performed using the MATLAB/ Simulinksoftware environment and the Power System Block set (PSB). The basic building block of theSTATCOM is the full 48-pulse converter-cascade implemented using the MATLAB/ Simulinksoftware. The control process is based on a novel decoupled current control strategy using both thedirect and quadrature current components of the STATCOM. The operation of the full STATCOMmodel is fully studied in both capacitive and inductive modes in a power transmission system andload excursion. The use of full 48–pulse STATCOM model is more accurate than existing low-orderor functional models.

IV. POWER SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONFig. 4. Novel STATCOM d-q decoupled current control system. Interface Bus. The output of the

PLL is the angle that used to measure the direct axis and quadrature axis component of the ac three-phase voltage and current. The outer regulation loop comprising the ac voltage regulator provides thereference current for the current regulator that is always in quadrature with the terminal voltage tocontrol the reactive Power. The voltage regulator is a proportional plus integral PI controller with thecurrent regulator is also PI controller.

The PLL system generates the basic synchronizing-signal that is the phase angle of thetransmission system voltage, and the selected regulation-slope determines the compensation behaviorof the STATCOM device. To enhance the dynamic performance of the full 48-pulse STATCOMdevice model, a supplementary regulator loop is added using the dc capacitor voltage. The dc sidecapacitor voltage charge is chosen as the rate of the variation of this dc voltage. Thus, for a fixedselected short time interval, the variation in the magnitude is measured, and any rapid change in thisdc voltage is measured and if this change is greater than a specified threshold, the supplementaryloop is activated. The main concept is to detect any rapid variation in the dc capacitor voltage.

The strategy of a supplementary damping regulator is to correct the phase angle of the STATCOMdevice voltage, with respect to the positive or negative sign of this variation. If, the dc capacitor ischarging very fast. This happens when the STATCOM converter voltage lag behind the

AC system voltage; in this way, the converter absorbs a small amount of real power from the acsystem to compensate for any internal losses and keep the capacitor voltage at the desired level. Thesame technique can be used to increase or decrease the capacitor voltage and, thus, the amplitude ofthe converter output voltage to control the VAR generation or absorption. This supplementary loopreduces ripple content in charging or discharging the capacitor and improves fast controllability ofthe STATCOM.



Fig 4: control model of STATCOM for 9 level cascade (48 pulses) converters.

V. NINE LEVEL H-BRIDGE INVERTERA different converter topology is introduced here, which is based on the series connection of

single-phase inverters with separate dc sources. Fig. 5 shows the power circuit for one phase leg of anine-level inverter with four cells in each phase.

The resulting phase voltage is synthesized by the addition of the voltages generated by thedifferent cells. Each single-phase full-bridge inverter generates three voltages at the output: +Vdc, 0,and -Vdc. This is made possible by connecting the capacitors sequentially to the ac side via the fourpower switches. The resulting output ac voltage swings from 4 to 4 with nine levels, and the staircasewaveform is nearly sinusoidal, even without filtering.

For high-voltage high-power applications, it is possible to adopt multilevel diode-clamped orcapacitor-clamped inverters to replace the full-bridge cell in a cascaded inverter. The reason fordoing so is to reduce the amount of separate dc sources. The nine-level cascaded inverter shown inFig. 5 requires four separate dc sources for one phase leg and twelve for a three-phase inverter. If athree-level inverter replaces the full- bridge cell, the voltage level is effectively doubled for each cell.Thus, to achieve the same nine voltage levels for each phase, only two separate dc sources areneeded for one phase leg and six for a three-phase inverter. The configuration can be considered ashaving mixed-level hybrid multilevel cells because it embeds multilevel cells as the building block ofthe cascaded inverter. Fig.5 shows the nine-level cascaded inverter incorporating a three-levelcapacitor-clamped inverter as the cell.



Fig 5 Nine level H-Bridge inverter and switching strategies

VI. RESULTSFig. 6 shows the matlab implementation of 48 pulse (9 level converter) STATCOM. The dynamic

response of the 48-pulse converter voltage and current and the transition sequence from capacitivemode of operation to inductive mode of operation with no transient over voltage appeared, and thistransition for operation mode takes a few milliseconds. This smooth transition is due to the novelcontroller, which is based on the decoupled control strategy and the variation of the capacitor dcvoltage.

Fig. 6: matlab implementation of 48 pulse STATCOM



Fig 7: load voltage, load current and Vrms.

In fig 6, throughout analysis common impedance Z (R + jX) is connected to line, here thisimpedance secondary ports connected to ground, so this impedance acts as a load. Due to thisimpedance normal load current is flow through load this is shown in fig 7this is known as normalload current. from time 0.1 sec to 0.15 sec. connected 5000 VAR capacitive load to the transmissionline and remove this from line at 0.15 sec. this performance is shown in fig 7: in this fig.7. FromTime 0.1sec to 0.15 load current is reduced because of capacitive load connected to line onlycapacitive load current is shown in fig 7a. From time 0.15 to 0.2 sec normal load connected socurrent is same as previous load current. From time 0.2 sec to 0.25 sec, connected nonlinear load, sonon-linear current is flow through load after 0.25 sec remove nonlinear load, so normal current isflow through this load. This nonlinear load current is also shown in fig 7b. from 0.3 sec to 0.35 secinductive load is connected to line, so load current is increase after 0.35 sec remove this inductiveload so again load current is reach normal load current, this is shown in fig 7. Only inductive loadcurrent is shown in fig 7c.fig 7(a1) is represent the resistive load is connected parallel to capacitiveload, so voltage will reach zero after remove the capacitive load.



Fig 7(a)

Fig 7 (a1)

Fig 7(b)

Fig 7(c)

The load voltage is same as supply voltage at all time.



VII. PARAETERSTABLE 1: parameters of system:

No Timerange (s)

Type ofload

Load

1 0 to 0.4 Normalload

Z; R=1,L=50mh

2 0.1 to 0.15 Capacitive P=1KW,Q=5KVAR

3 0.2 to 0.25 Nonlinear R=50,L=20mh

4 0.3 to 0.35 Inductive P=1KW,Q=10KVAR

ZL = 13e-3 + j350e-6 / phase

Fig 8: general block diagram

VIII. CONCLUSIONSThe paper presents a novel full 48-pulse GTO voltage source converter of STATCOM. These full

descriptive digital models are validated for voltage stabilization reactive compensation anddynamically power flow control using three novel decoupled current control strategies. The controlstrategies implement decoupled current control and auxiliary tracking control based on a pulse widthmodulation switching technique to ensure fast controllability, minimum oscillatory behavior, andminimum inherent phase locked loop time delay as well as system instability reduced impact due to aweak interconnected ac system. The load voltage is same as supply voltage at all time, so loadvoltage is constant. This novel configuration is reducing the cost of general 48 pulse STATCOM.

References[1]. Pavani vanga, Dr.S.Satyanarayana and M.Subbarao, “Design and Analysis of Soft Switched PWM Full Bridge

DC–DC Converter for Regulated Voltage”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue. 1, pp. 24-29, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in, www.iret.co.in.

[2]. Mr. Thanikonda Yedukondalu, Dr S. Satya Narayana and M. Subba Rao, “Controlling of Buck Converter UsingDifferent Types of Sliding Mode Controllers”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue. 2, pp. 1-4, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[3]. J.Shankaraiah, G.Kumara Swamy and Dr.K.Sri Gowri, “High Step-UP DC-DC Converter Using CascodeTechnique”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569),Vol. 8, Issue. 1, pp. 13-18, Oct-2013, www.iret.co.in.



[4]. Banothu Thavu, “Micro Controller based Current Fed Dual Bridge DC-DC Converter”, International Journal ofEmerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 4, pp. 24-31, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[5]. P. Bapaiah, “Improvement of Power System Stability Using HVDC Controls”, International Journal of EmergingTrends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 19-34, April-2013,www.iret.co.in.

[6]. Brijesh M.Patel, Minesh k. Joshi and Dhaval N. Tailor, “Design and Simulation of Boost Converter for ConstantOutput Voltage”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 8, Issue. 1, pp. 19-24, Oct-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[7]. U.Vinod kumar and P.Sai Sampath Kumar, “Loaded Resonant Converter for the DC to DC Energy ConversionApplications”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue. 2, pp. 21-28, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[8]. Jil sutaria, Manisha shah and Chirag chauhan, “Comparative Analysis of Single Phase and Multiphase Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE-ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 41-46, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[9]. Dhana Prasad Duggapu, Satya Venkata Kishore Pulavarthi and Swathi Nulakajodu, “Comparison between DiodeClamped and HBridge Multilevel Inverter (5 to 15 odd levels)”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 4, pp. 66-78, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[10]. P.Chaithanya Deepak and S. Nagaraja Rao, “Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Using Inverted Sine WavePWM Technique”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue. 1, pp. 39-44, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[11]. Dharmesh.V.Khakhkhar, “Design and Simulation of Novel Integral Switching Cycle Control for Heating Load”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue.1, pp. 41-44, July-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[12]. Mukesh Gupta, Sachin Kumar and Vagicharla Karthik, “Design and Implementation of Cosine Control FiringScheme for Single Phase Fully Controlled Bridge Rectifier”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue. 1, pp. 40-46, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[13]. L. Sai Suman Rao and S. Nagaraja Rao, “Three Level Neutral Point Clamped Back to Back Converter”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue.1, pp. 45-50, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[14]. M. M. Irfan, “Simulation of High Voltage Gain Zero Voltage Switching Boost Converter”, International Journalof Engineering Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 88-92, May,2013, www.iret.co.in.

[15]. A Mallikarjuna Prasad, S Thirumalaiah, U chaithanya and P Nagarjuna, “Simulation of New Multilevel InverterTopology”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569),Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 68-73, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[16]. Mr. Ambadas. S. Mane and Mr. Vijay. B. Suryawanshi, “Analysis of Five Level Inverter”, International Journal ofEmerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 98-101, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[17]. Mashhood Hasan, Dinesh Kumar and Zafar Khan, “Multimodules of Diode Clamped Multilevel Converter: ANovel Option for High Power Facts Controller”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 109-112, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[18]. Santhosh Kumar Vasireddy and Munfar Ali G, “Parallel Power Flow AC/DC Converter with Input Power FactorCorrection and Tight Output Voltage Regulation for Universal Voltage Applications”, International Journal ofEmerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 4, pp. 55-65, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[19]. R. Subbarayudu, K. Kishore Reddy and Dr K. Sri Gowri, “A Novel Power Converter for Integrated TractionEnergy Storage”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue. 2, pp. 37-45, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[20]. Manish Raval and Ved Vyas Dwivedi, “Commencing the FACTS in Variable Energy Sources Network toOptimize Existing Transmission System with Stability”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electricaland Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 96-104, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[21]. Ankush Malhar and Parag Nijhawan, “Improvement of Power Quality of Distribution Network with DTC DriveUsing UPQC”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue. 2, pp. 1-6, July-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[22]. Akhib Khan Bahamani, Dr. G.V. Siva Krishna Rao, Dr. A.A. Powly Thomas and Dr V.C. Veera Reddy,“Modeling and Digital Simulation of DPFC System using Matlab Simulink”, International Journal of EmergingTrends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue. 1, pp. 1-5, Aug-2013,www.iret.co.in.

[23]. P. Bapaiah, “Power Quality Improvement by using DSTATCOM”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 4, pp. 1-12, April-2013, www.iret.co.in



[24]. Sudharshan Rao Gandimeni and Vijay Kumar K, “Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) During VoltageSag and Swell”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 4, pp. 12-23, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[25]. Rajshekar Sinagham and K. Vijay Kumar, “Role of Interline Power Flow Controller for Voltage Quality”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue.4, pp. 51-54, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[26]. Seelam Swarupa, and K. V. S. Ramachandra Murthy, “Control Strategy for Unified Power Flow Controller”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue.1, pp. 59-63, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[27]. Rajan Sharma and Parag Nijhawan, “Role of DSTATCOM to Improve Power Quality of Distribution Networkwith FOC Induction Motor Drive as Load”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue. 1, pp. 83-88, July-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[28]. Mr. N. Peddaiah, Mr. K. Veera Sekhar, Mr. J. Lakshman and Mr. G. Rajashekhar, “A Revolutionary Idea toImprove Power Quality by Using Distributed Power Flow Controller [DPFC]”, International Journal of EmergingTrends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 1-5, April-2013,www.iret.co.in.

[29]. R.Dinesh kumar and P.Karuppusamy, “Performance Analysis of Soft Switched Seven Level Inverter forPhotovoltaic System”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN:2320-9569) Vol. 5, Issue. 3, pp. 11-16, July-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[30]. M.Balachandran and N.P.Subramaniam, “Fuzzy Logic Controller for Z-Source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue.1, pp .30-34, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[31]. Dr Rama Rao P.V.V. and Ms. N. VENUPRIYA, “SPWM Based Two Level VSI for Microgrid Applications”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue.1, pp. 3-6, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[32]. Omveer Singh, Prabhakar Tiwari, Ibraheem and Arunesh Kr. Singh, “A Survey of Recent Automatic GenerationControl Strategies in Power Systems”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 2, pp. 1-14, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[33]. Dr. Tarun Chopra, “Future Directions of Research in Fault Diagnosis and Intelligent Control of ComplexSystems”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569)Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp. 1-2, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[34]. P.Pugazhendiran, M.Sujith and Dr.S.S.Jayachandran, “Matlab Based HVCT Fault Analysis”, International Journalof Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 105-108,April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[35]. Jayeshkumar G. Priolkar and Vinayak N. Shet, “A Review on Protection Issues in Microgrid”, InternationalJournal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 6-11,April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[36]. Neha Gupta, Harish Balaga, D. N. Vishwakarma, “Numerical Differential Protection of Power Transformer usingGA Trained ANN”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue.1, pp. 1-7, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[37]. T. Hariharan, S. Raja and S. Hareesh, “Real Power Loss Minimization using Fuzzy logic Controller”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue.2, pp. 46-49, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in

[38]. T.Hariharan and Dr.M.GopalaKrishnan, “Optimal Reactive Power Flow using Fuzzy logic Controller Technique”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue.1, pp. 49-53, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[39]. Miss Shraddha Mehta, Miss Mital Upahaya, Miss Mita Rathod, “CloudComputing: A Review”, InternationalJournal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 4, Issue. 2, pp. 29-31,June-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[40]. Ms. Mohini Pande, Mr.Dishant Vyas, Ms.Roopakiran Yeluri and Prof.(Mrs).Suvarna K.Gaikwad,“Microcontroller Based Neural Network Controlled Low Cost Autonomous Vehicle”, International Journal ofEmerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 4, pp. 36-39, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[41]. Arun Kumar, Munish Vashishth and Lalit Rai. “Liquid level control of coupled tank system using Fractional PIDcontroller”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569),Vol. 3, Issue. 1, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[42]. Rajdeep Singh, Kumari Kalpna, Dawindar Kumar Mishra, “Hybrid Optimization Technique for CircuitPartitioning Using PSO and Genetic Algorithm”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 4, Issue. 2, pp. 69-71, June-2013, www.iret.co.in.



[43]. Manju khare, Yogendra kumar, Ganga Agnihotri and V.K. Sethi, “Simulation and Analysis of Maximum-Power-Point-Tracker for Photovoltaic Arrays”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp .1-6, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[44]. MoganapriyaKrishnakumar andPanneerselvamManickam, “Modeling and Neuro-Fuzzy Control of DFIG in WindPower Systems for Grid Power Leveling”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue.1, pp. 8-14, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[45]. Devendra Singh, Gyanendra yadav, DivyaPratap Singh and GyanRanjan Gupta, “Maximum Power Point TrackingFor PV Based Solar System: A Review”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue.1, pp. 29-30, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[46]. Bhanupriya.R and Subasri.R, “Nonlinear Disturbance Control in a Wind Energy Conversion System Using Theta-D Control”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569),Vol. 6, Issue. 1, pp. 35-38, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[47]. Rupert Gouws and Elizbe van Niekerk, “Prototype Super-capacitor Photovoltaic Streetlight with xLogicSuperRelay Functionality”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE-ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp. 34-39, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[48]. Brijesh M. Patel, Kalpesh J.Chudasma, Hardik A.Shah, “Simulation of Single Phase Inverter using PSIMSoftware for Solar P.V. System give Constant Output Voltage at Different Solar Radiation”, International Journalof Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 4, Issue. 1, pp. 26-31, June-2013, www.iret.co.in

[49]. Mrs. S. Sathana and Ms. Bindukala M.P, “Hybrid Solar and Wind Power Conversion Using DFIG with GridPower Leveling”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 43-48, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[50]. Mr.K.Saravanan and Dr. H. Habeebullah Sait, “Multi Input Converter for Distributed Renewable EnergySources”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569),Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 51-58, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[51]. Mrs. Thivya Balasubramanian., Mr. Rajesh. T. Mr.RajaPerumal T.A, “Load Sharing In A Hybrid Power SystemWith Renewable Energy Sources”, International Journal of Engineering Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 35-39, May, 2013, www.iret.co.in.

[52]. K. K. Saravanan , Dr. N. Stalin and S. T. Jayasuthahar, “Review of Renewable Energy Resources in Clean GreenEnvironment”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 54-58, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[53]. S.Sathish Kumar and S. Chinnaiya, “Switched Inductor Quasi-z-source Inverter for PMSG based Wind EnergyConversion System”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN:2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue. 1, pp. 41-46, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[54]. C.Bhuvaneswari and R.Rajeswari, “Study Analysis of Hybrid Power Plant (Wind-Solar) - Vertical Axis WindTurbine-Giromill Darrieus Type with Evacuated Tube Collectors”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 80-83, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[55]. Deepali Sharma, Uphar Tandon, Nitin Saxena, “Development of 1000W, 230volt Solar Photovoltaic PowerElectronic Conversion System”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE-ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue. 1, pp. 70-74, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[56]. K.Gayathri, S.gomathi and T.Suganya, “Design of Intelligent Solar Power System Using PSO Based MPPT withAutomatic Switching between ON grid and OFF Grid Connections”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 95-97, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[57]. D.Pugazhenthi, P.Sathishbabu and R.M.SasiRaja, “A NOVEL NINE-SWITCH CONVERTER FOR SOLARENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMS”, International Journal of Engineering Trends in Electrical andElectronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 83-87, May, 2013, www.iret.co.in.

[58]. Panchal Mehulkumar J and Ved Vyas Dwivedi, “Sustainable Energy Development and Appropriate Options toEnergy Sustainability Threats in India”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 4, pp. 83-89, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[59]. Mr. Karthick R.T and Dr. Ashok Kumar L, “Stand-Alone Solar Power Generation System with Constant CurrentDischarge”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569),Vol. 5, Issue. 1, pp. 108-114

[60]. Banothu Thavu, Thuraka Rajendra, Ravi Bukya and M. Maheswararao, “Modeling and Power-SynchronizationControl of Grid-Connected VSC- HVDC”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp .84-94, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[61]. R.Satish Kumar , D. Lenine and Ch. Sai Babu, “Modeling and Analysis of PFC with Appreciable Voltage Rippleto Achieve Fast Transient Response”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp. 53-57, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[62]. M.Lavanya and J.Krithika Jothi, “Reliability Assessment of Power Generation System Using Seeker OptimizationAlgorithm”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569),Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 59-63, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.



[63]. Apoorva Saxena and Subhash Chandra, “Rural Off Grid Electrification Using Hybrid Mini grid and its SocioEconomic Impact : A Case Study of District Pilibhit”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 70-73, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[64]. C. Brahmananda Babu, D. Lenine and Chintapalli. K. Sudhakar, “An Improved Performance of Power FactorCorrection Circuits with Average Current Control Approach”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp.58-62, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[65]. K ElanSeralathan, Joseph Richards A, Rajasekaran C, Sambath kumar S and Santhosh Kumar G, “Modleing ofElectric Tree Progression in the Presence of Barrier”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue. 2, pp. 49-52, July-2013, www.iret.co.in

[66]. Ratandeep Gupta, Rashmi Chandra, Vikas Chaudhary and Nitin Saxena, “OPTIMAL LOAD DISPATCH USINGBCOEEFICIENT”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue. 1, pp. 53-56, May-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[67]. K.Sandhya, Dr.A.Jaya Laxmi and Dr.M.P.Soni, “Optimal Placement of Distribution Generation in RadialDistribution System”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN:2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 74-80, April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[68]. K V S Ramachandra Murthy, Mamta Karayat, P. K. Das, A. Ravi Shankar & G. V. Srihara Rao, “Loss LessDistribution using Optimal Capacitor and Type -3 DG Placement”, International Journal of Engineering Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 57-60, May, 2013, www.iret.co.in.

[69]. K ElanSeralathan, Joseph Richards A, Rajasekaran C, Sambath kumar S and Santhosh Kumar G, “Modleing ofElectric Tree Progression with Different Barrier Width and Field Studies”, International Journal of EmergingTrends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue. 2, pp. 53-58, July-2013,www.iret.co.in.

[70]. K ElanSeralathan, Joseph Richards A, Rajasekaran C, Sambath kumar S and Santhosh Kumar G, “Understandingthe Field Conditions Around the Barrier for Electric Tree Propagation”, International Journal of Emerging Trendsin Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 5, Issue. 2, Jpp. 59-63, uly-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[71]. Ms.Santoshi Gupta, “Simulation of PQ Disturbances by MATLAB”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 74-79, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[72]. M.Sankar, G.Murugaraja, D.VasanthaKumar, S.Vignesh, B.Ramachendran, “Simulate and Analysis of the Limitof Output Capacitor Reduction in Power Factor Correctors by Distorting the Line Input Current”, InternationalJournal of Engineering Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 65-69, May, 2013, www.iret.co.in.

[73]. Mrs Babita Panda, Dr. Bhagabata Panda and Dr. P.K Hota, “Smart Grid Hybrid Generation System”, InternationalJournal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 2, Issue. 4, pp. 68-70,April-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[74]. M. Koteswara Rao, T.Ganeshkumar and PappuPawan Puthra, “Mitigation of Voltage Sag and Voltage Swell byUsing D-STATCOM and PWM Switched Autotransformer”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp. 40-48, Sep.-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[75]. T. S. Sirish, G. V. Srihara Rao & K V S Ramachandra Murthy, “Optimal Capacitor and DG Placement for LossLess Distribution on 69- Bus System using KVS – Direct Search Algorithm”, International Journal of EngineeringTrends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 31-34, May, 2013,www.iret.co.in

[76]. K. Sreekanth Reddy, “Simulation of ZVS H-Bridge Inverter Using Soft Switching Boost Converter”, InternationalJournal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue. 1, pp. 21-26,Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in

[77]. Shilpi Nayak, Shraddha Kaushik and Ishawari Prasad Sahu, “Algorithm for Removal of DC Offset in Current andVoltage Signals”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 40-42, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[78]. T. Nireekshana , Dr.G.Kesava Rao and Dr.S.Siva Naga Raju, “Congestion Mitigation based on GeneratorSensitivities in Deregulation”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE-ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 13-19, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[79]. M.Abitha Thangam and Dr.V.Gopalakrishnan, “Power Factor Improvement Using PQ Theory Based HybridController for Three Phase Converter”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue. 1, pp. 20-24, March-2013, www.iret.co.in

[80]. Mamta Karayat, G. V. Srihara Rao, Ravi Kumar Kenguva & K V S Ramachandra Murthy, “Optimal Capacitorand Type -2 DG Placement using Modified KVS – Direct Search Algorithm for Loss Less Distribution”,International Journal of Engineering Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue1, pp. 20-24, May, 2013, www.iret.co.in

[81]. U. Ravi Kumar, G. Surya Chandra & K V S Ramachandra Murthy, “Optimal Placement of SPV based DG usingHeuristic Search Strategies for Loss Less Distribution”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical andElectronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 6, Issue. 1, pp. 13-23, Aug-2013, www.iret.co.in.



[82]. S. D. Gokhale and Dr. S. A. Patil, “Variable Frequency HV Testing of Capacitor Using PIC 18F452”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 7, Issue.1, pp. 13-20, Sep-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[83]. Swati Agrawal, Dr.Prema Daigawane and Dr.J.B.Helonde, “Comparison of Induced Voltages in Different CasesDescribing the Effect of High Voltage on Transmission Line”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 8, Issue. 1, pp. 25-29, Oct-2013, www.iret.co.in

[84]. K. Chandram, Ch. Venkat Rao, G. V. Srihara Rao & K V S Ramachandra Murthy, “Optimal Placement of Type -1DG using KVS – Direct Search Algorithm for Loss Less Distribution”, International Journal of EngineeringTrends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569) Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 25-28, May, 2013,www.iret.co.in.

[85]. T. Suneel, “Space Vector Modulation Controlled Hybrid Active Power Filter for Power Conditioning”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE- ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 1, Issue.4, pp. 32-50, March-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[86]. G.Vijayakumar and R Anita, “Renewable Energy Based Shunt Compensator for Power Quality Improvement”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 9,Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[87]. J. Suryakumari and G. Sahiti, “Analysis and Simulation of Modified Adaptive Perturb and Observe MPPTTechnique for PV Systems”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE –ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[88]. Danish Chaudhary, Amit Kumar Singhal, Madhur Chauhan, “Analysis of Harmonic Free Voltage Regulator withSimulation Technique”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN:2320-9569), Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[89]. Aslam P. Memon, Waqar A. Khan, Riaz H. Memon, Asif Ali Akhund, “Laboratory Studies of Speed Control ofDC Shunt Motor and the Analysis of Parameters Estimation”, International Journal of Emerging Trends inElectrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[90]. Aslam P. Memon, A. Sattar Memon, Asif Ali Akhund, Riaz H. Memon, “Multilayer Perceptrons Neural NetworkAutomatic Voltage Regulator With Applicability And Improvement In Power System Transient Stability”,International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 9,Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[91]. Aslam P. Memon, M. Aslam Uqaili, Zubair A. Memon, Asif A. Akhund, “Time-Frequency Analysis Techniquesfor Detection of Power System Transient Disturbances”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electricaland Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[92]. V.Samba Siva Raju, Mr. S.Srinu, “Fault Detection and Mitigation in Multilevel Cascaded ConverterSTATCOM’s”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[93]. Dhanorkar Sujata , E. Himabindu, “Voltage Sag Mitigation Analysis Using DSTATCOM Under Different Faultsin Distribution System”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN:2320-9569), Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[94]. Vishal Phaugat, Hari Mohan Rai, Subham Gupta and Rohit Thakran, “Effect of Binder on Viscosity with ShearRate”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol.9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[95]. Shivam Thakur, Hari Mohan Rai, Sidharth Kumar and Suman Pawar, “Factors Determining the Speed andEfficiency of a Micro-Processor in a PC”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics(IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569), Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[96]. G.Paranjothi and R.Manikandan, “Photovoltaic Based Brushless DC Motor Closed Loop Drive for ElectricVehicle”, International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE – ISSN: 2320-9569),Vol. 9, Issue. 1, Nov-2013, www.iret.co.in.

[97]. C. N. Bhende, S. Mishra, S. G. Malla, “Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Standalone WindEnergy Supply System”, IEEE Transaction on sustainable energy, Vol. 2, No.2, 2011.

[98]. S.G. Malla, C. N. Bhende, S. Mishra, “Photovoltaic based Water Pumping System”, International Conference onEnergy, Automation and Signal (ICEAS), 2011.

[99]. J. M. R. Malla and S. G. Malla, “Three level diode clamped inverter for DTC-SVM of induction Motor”,International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), 2010.

replace 48-pulse gto converter by 9-level gto converter in .... replace 48-pulse gto conver… ·...

Documents