RENEWAL Phase 1 and 2:Research Highlights

Suneetha Kadiyala

RENEWAL 3 Regional Workshop

12th March 2007

Focus of Phase 1 and 2

• Interactions• Impacts• Analyzing responses

Several Outputs• Developing tools, maps and their applications• RENEWAL Research Studies:

– 8 in R1

– 9 in R2

• Synthesizing the broader literature– Food Policy Review– AIDS, Poverty and Hunger: Challenges and Responses

HIV/AIDS and Foodand Nutrition Security

From Evidence to Action

An international conference

Durban, South Africa

14–16 April 2005

Some Important Research Highlights

AIDS and Livelihoods : Zambia

• Different methods of inquiry and units of analysis

• Jayne, Chapoto, Byron, Hamazakaza, Kadiyala, Gillespie– Quantitative nationally representative panel survey (2001, 2004)

• Drinkwater, McEwan, Samuels– Qualitative panel survey of ‘Clusters”

• Hamazakaza, Kadiyala, Byron, Ndoyii (draft)– a cross-sectional survey and in-depth inquiry of four communities

sampled from Jayne et al sample

• RENEWAL-Zambia synthesis (forthcoming in Food & Nutrition Bulletin)

• Unit of analysis: Community, Cluster and Household

AIDS and Livelihoods : Zambia Findings

• Rise in mortality rates from 0-24% = 6% decline in land area cultivated

• Recovery from death impacts = 2-5 years• Labor-saving crops = no substitution• Prior mortality = reduction in value per hectare• Impacts = mortality x vulnerability • AIDS has not yet significantly reduced aggregate production

but…• Lagged impacts on agriculture (impact on secondary producers)• Community driven responses unable to explain varying degrees of

community resilience

– Important resource flows are between clusters/ households

– Worsening of inequalities within communities

– Initial conditions matter

AIDS and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVCs): South Africa

• Adato, Kadiyala, Roopnaraine, Biermayr-Jenzano and Norman – Study of trajectory of experiences of children and their families before

orphanhood (vulnerable children) to orphanhood in 3 provinces

– in-depth interviews, observations, and survey data (in KZN)

– Child care arrangements, discrimination and support systems

• Norman, Chopra and Kadiyala

– in-depth interviews of HIV positive mothers in 2 provinces

– Disclosure

• Norman, Kadiyala and Chopra – in-depth interviews of HIV positive mothers in 2 provinces

– Planning for children’s future security

AIDS and OVC: South Africa Findings

• Already established patterns of childcare arrangements are primary safety nets : Resilience of matrilineal system

• Children playing a critical role in households• No explicit evidence of orphan discrimination (e.g. schooling),

– but instances of discrimination observed

• Grants are the most important source of support– Low uptake of Foster Care Grant

• Disclosure is a catalyst to access support– Barriers and facilitators of disclosure identified

• Systematic and integrated response covering the trajectory essential

AIDS and Nutrition: Kenya

• Byron, Gillespie and Nangami• Study of local perceptions of role of nutritional support

– AMPATH’s HAART and Harvest initiative

• Findings– Increased dietary diversity and caloric intake of PLWH– Improved health and emotional well-being– Better adherence, reduced side-effects – Catalyst for extra family and community support (less stigma)– Economic benefit, productivity increases

• Challenges– Transitioning from short-term assistance– Links to sustainable livelihood programming– Seasonal vulnerability, eligibility, transparency, communications