renewable heating and cooling · global view on renewable heating and cooling ... bioenergy for...

© OECD/IEA 2013

Global View on Renewable Heating and Cooling

4th European Conference on

Renewable Heating and Cooling,

22-23 April, 2013

Paolo Frankl Head of Renewable Energy Division, IEA, Paris

© OECD/IEA 2010 © IEA/OECD 2013

IEA publications on renewable heat

Renewables for Heating & Cooling (2007)

Technology roadmaps (2011-12) Bioenergy for Heat and Power

Geothermal Heat and Power

Solar Heating and Cooling

Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 Chapter on heating & cooling

Policies for renewable heat (2012)

Section within the Medium term Renewables Market report 2013

Renewable heating without (global) warming (2013, forthcoming)


63.30

84.04

33.53

74.91

84.12

8.71

World Total Final Energy Consumption (EJ)

Electricity

Transport

Non-Energy Use

Industry

Buildings

Other Sectors

Heat accounts for almost 50% of the world’s total final energy consumption

Source: IEA Statistics


Heat is needed in many sectors


Hydro

Solar

Heating

Geothermal

Wind

Bioenergy

CSP

Solar PV

Grid

Electricity

District

Heating

From Renewable Source to Final Heat

Buildings and Industry


Biomass is by far the most important renewable energy source for heat in the buildings sector

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EJ

Solarthermal Geothermal

Biogas Liquid biofuels

Solid Biomass (OECD) Solid Biomass (non-OECD)

Share of renewables in total heat (OECD) Share of renewables in total heat (non-OECD)

Most of the non-

OECD solid

biomass is used in

form of

traditional

bioenergy


Share of renewables in total heat demand by type in selected OECD countries in 2008

The share of renewable energy in total demand for heat varies widely in OECD countries

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Sweden

Iceland

New Zealand

Austria

Greece

France

Spain

United States

Germany

Italy

Japan

United Kingdom Biomass

Geothermal

Solar

Commercial heat Renewable heat

in commercial

heat

Source: IEA Statistics


Renewable energy use (excl. solid biomass) for heat in buildings is growing

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EJ

Solarthermal GeothermalBiogas Liquid biofuelsShare in total energy use for heat Source: IEA Statistics


Solar Heating Growing Rapidly – China Dominates!


Bioenergy – an important source of heat, also in the long-term

Buildings Industry

Bioenergy share on total demand: 30% in 2009 18% in 2050

Bioenergy share on total demand: 8% in 2009 15% in 2050

Source: Technology Roadmap – Bioenergy for Heat and Power


Bioenergy – a competitive source of heat in many circumstances

Source: Technology Roadmap – Bioenergy for Heat and Power


Solar heating & cooling can play an important role in industry and buildings

Source: Technology Roadmap – Solar Heating & Cooling

Solar heating and cooling capacity could produce annually by 2050: - 16.5 EJ solar heat (16% of TFE low temp. heat) - 1.5 EJ solar cooling (17% of TFE cooling)


Geothermal heat is set to grow in a low-carbon energy scenario

Note: Figure does not include ground-source heat pumps

Source: Technology Roadmap – Geothermal Heat and Power


Centralised fuel production,power and storage

Renewable energy resources

EV

Co-generation

Smart energysystem control

Distributedenergy resources

Surplus heat

H vehicle2

A smart, sustainable energy system

© OECD/IEA 2012

A sustainable energy system is a smarter, more unified and integrated energy system

Source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2012


Barriers to deployment renewable heat

Barriers heat (general) Barriers renewable heat

Fragmented market: millions of

owners/developers, district

heating operators and industries

Renewable heat production should

be close to heat sink (limited

transportability, no grid for surplus,

limited storage)

Gatekeepers between supply and

demand (installers, architects)

Heat demand can be variable over

time (space heating is seasonal)

Dynamics heat market: space

heating demand declining, power

for heat in new buildings?

Heat is a heterogeneous commodity:

differing temperatures in both

demand and renewable heat supply

“Split incentive” between building

owner & consumer/ tenant

Sector specific opportunities and

concerns

Barriers to heat are often sector specific and best tackled as part of sectoral approach to energy management, integrated with energy efficiency policies and measures


Policies to accelerate deployment RES-heat

Carbon tax on fossil fuels used in heat production: Sweden

Source: Lund University


Need for RD&D

Renewable cooling

Increase thermal COP of renewable heat driven cooling systems

Household-scale cooling systems

Heat and cold storage

Continue RD&D on promising materials for compact thermal energy storage

Enhance RD&D on materials for medium-temperature storage (100-300 C)

Integration of technologies and heat and electricity generation

Hybrid systems of solar thermal + heat pump; heat pump + biomass boiler etc.

Hybrid photovoltaic and solar thermal collectors


Conclusions

Heat dominates final energy use: expanding renewable heat is important to reduce emissions and enhance energy security

Shares of modern renewable heat are still small, with exception of a few countries but growing

Low carbon futures will require integrated energy approach , and RE heat will play an essential role

Potential for renewable cooling still largely unexploited

Deployment of renewable heat has sectorally specific barriers and a sector specific approach, integrated with energy efficiency policies and measures is needed.

renewable heating and cooling · global view on renewable heating and cooling ... bioenergy for...

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