remotely control high energy efficient automatic street lighting system

IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 1 | Issue 11 | May 2015

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org

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Remotely Control High Energy Efficient

Automatic Street Lighting System

Ms. Priti Lahoti Prof. Anil Wanare

PG Student Professor

Department of Electronic & Telecommunication Department of Electronic & Telecommunication

D.Y.P.S.O.E. Pune D.Y.P.S.O.E. Pune

Abstract

We proposed the remotely control automated smart street lighting system which increases the energy efficiency of the system by

50 to 60% and reduces its maintenance. The proposed system uses combination of sensors, zigbee, solar tracking system and

LED based lamps as a lighting source. All information is transferred to base station over the zigbee transmitter and receivers so

as to check the status of the lamp and take the proper action if fault is detected. System uses auto switching feature between

power supply i.e. if charging level of solar powered battery is lower than system threshold then power supply will be

automatically switches to alternating current supply.

Keywords: LED, sensors, solar powered battery, solar tracking system, street lighting system, zigbee

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I. INTRODUCTION

Generally street lighting systems especially in the public sector did not use the technology advancement in their design. Today as

well they often uses old designing standard instead of recently developed techniques of designing. Most of the time the main

reason behind this is plant administrators. They did not complete expenses returns which are derived from the construction of

existing facilities. But, the recently there is increasing pressure regarding low material costs. Along with this the social

sensitivity towards environment issues and its safety is also increased during these days. As a result of these manufacturers are

automatically enforced to develop new techniques and technologies which will achieve cost effective and environment friendly

design. For this we can find three possible design approaches in the literature.

The first one and most important approach is use of new technology such as Light Emitting Diode(LED) for the sources of

light. LED technology is the best solution as it offers many benefits like low power consumption, long life, high energy

efficiency etc. Some of the researchers [1-4] already considered this option for the designing of advance intelligent street lighting

system using LEDs.

The second and most innovative solution is the use of automatic system based on Graphical Liquid Crystal Display. This

system can be operated remotely using microcontroller and Zigbee which transfer all the information to base station so as to

reduce the management and maintenance issues. Few of the researchers [5][8] developed the street lighting system using Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GSM), power line communication and General-packet radio service (GPRS).

Finally, the third possible solution would be the use of eco-friendly energy resource as a power source instead of conventional

energy sources. Renewable energy source like solar energy is the best option available for this.

Aim of my project is unification of all the three mentioned approaches so as to create high energy efficient remotely control

smart automatic street lighting system. This system will use LED as a light source and renewable energy (battery charged using

solar energy) as a primary power source. In addition to this the system will have auto switching facility between solar powered

battery and AC mains. i.e. the system will continuously check the charging level of the battery which is charged using solar panel

through means of solar energy. If this energy level is less than minimum threshold value which is required for controller

operation then system will automatically switch to AC mains power source.

Fig. 1: Schematic image of the street lighting system [1]

Remotely Control High Energy Efficient Automatic Street Lighting System (IJSTE/ Volume 1 / Issue 11 / 009)


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The remote control of the system is achieved using sensors and wireless zigbee protocol is used to collect and transfer the

relevant information regarding status of the system to the base station. We can find many street lighting as well as other lighting

systems in the literature based on zigbee and sensors [9-11].

In our paper, we are presenting such street lighting system which is integration of all the above latest technologies so as to

design intelligent and advanced street light system. We are presenting the partial implementation of such system through our

paper so we will illustrate only transmitter part of the project in detail.

II. WORKING OF DEVICES AND PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Figure 1 shows the schematic image of the proposed street lighting system. It consists of base station, street light lamps and solar

panel and sensors such as LDR and IR. As this system is a modular system it can be easily extendable.

The sensors monitor the sunlight intensity and detect the presence of any pedestrian or vehicle on the road. Based on this, sensors

will give the input to controller and controller will decide to on or off the street lamps. The sunlight intensity on the road depend

on the solar radiation at a given particular point on the street, season, Weather condition, geographical location and some other

factors.

The sensors i.e. IR sensor, LDR and emergency switch and microcontroller together monitors the condition of the street lamps

and take the appropriate action so we can collectively refer them as on street monitoring station. This station checks whether all

lamps are properly working or not and send the corresponding information to the base station using zigbee transmitter module.

This is the small part of the transmitter section of project. Along with this on street monitoring station transmitter section of the

project consists of solar tracking system, 3 lamps, 3 relays to control these lamps (1 for each lamp), 3 voltage and current

transformers so as to measure current and voltage of the lamp and determine the power consumption of each of them.

Let us discuss the detail working of each and every part of the transmitter module of the project in detail.

Monitoring Station: A.

The on street monitoring station of the street lighting system consists of 3 IR sensor pairs, LDR and emergency switch. All these

sensors work together and transfer all of the required information to the microcontroller. The microcontroller processes the input

data received by sensors and take the appropriate action. Each sensor has a priority assigned to it in the transmission of data. E.g.

emergency switch always takes precedence over all other sensors.

IR Sensor Pairs: 1)

The task of the IR sensor pairs is to identify passage of any pedestrian or any vehicle on the road. In other words we can say that

it will identify the presence of any obstacle on the road and gives the input to microcontroller to turn on or turn off the lamp. This

feature of automatic switching on and off of the street lamps avoids the unnecessary wastage of energy. The challenging part

about this sensor is its placement. It should be placed at medium height not too low and not too high. Because if it is at too high

level it cant detect the presence of children. We can decide the best suitable optimal height as per user requirement for the placement of this sensor through detail study so as to work the system properly. We are using IR2110 (with base) sensor which is

cheap as compare to other sensors and gives the good performance.

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): 2)

It is used as a light sensing sensor. The task of this sensor is to measure the brightness of the sunlight in the surrounding

environment and provide the information to the microcontroller. This measurement of the sunlight is made to know the

illumination of street and microcontroller can take action to on or off the lamps so that minimum illumination of street is

maintained. The sensitivity of the light sensor used for this street lighting system should be very high in visible spectrum. We

have used MCT6 (with base) for our project.

On the basis of measure luminance, micro-controller operates the lamps so that illumination level is maintained constant. This

is required at early morning time or at dusk when it is not essential to operate the lamp but as sunlight intensity is low at that time

so simply as a support to sunlight we can switch on the lamp.

Emergency Switch 3)

The street lighting system has an emergency switch which can be used in case of an urgent situation. If we press this switch it

will exclude the complete street lighting system and immediately turn on all the lamps.

The figure below shows the block diagram of transmitter part of the street lighting system.



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Fig. 2: Block Diagram of Transmitter Module of Street Lighting System

Control Unit: 4)

All the sensors transfer the collected information to the microcontroller. This microcontroller analyzes the software flow of the

system and automatically sets the course of action need to be taken. Figure 3 shows the software flow of the system. As the name

indicates, emergency switch on and off the lamp without checking any condition. i.e. if emergency switch is pressed it will skip

entire system logic and turn on all the street lamps. When there is no output from emergency switch then microcontroller checks

the inputs received from IR sensor and LDR. Microcontroller will receive the input from IR sensor only on the presence of any

pedestrian or vehicle on the road. So, upon receiving the signal from IR sensor, microcontroller checks the input from LDR.

LDR gives the input to the microcontroller regarding sunlight intensity in the surrounding environment. Based on signals from

these two sensors microcontroller will takes the appropriate decision of turning on or turning off the lamps. The threshold current

flowing in the street lamp during normal operating condition and voltage value is stored in the memory of microcontroller. So

microcontroller checks the real time current reading of each lamp and compare it with threshold it detects the faults in the lamp.

Total four types of fault are detected base on this so as to achieve the automatic fault detection. Those faults are Open Circuit

(O), Short Circuit (S), Over Current (OC) and Less Current (L). If any of these faults is detected in any of the lamp then the

microcontroller turns of that lamp so as to prevent the damage to entire system.

Fig. 3: Software Flow of the System

Solar Tracking System: 5)

The transmitter part of the system contains solar tracking system. This system is designed using solar panel, DC motor, motor

driving IC and wooden frame. The solar panel is mounted on wooden frame and DC motor used to rotate the panel so as to track

the Sun. Two LDRs are mounted on the edges of the solar panel which are used in tracking of the sun. Microcontroller rotates



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the solar panel so that solar radiations falling on solar panel always falls perpendicular to its surface so that maximum sunlight

can be converted into electricity using photo-voltaic principle. This electric energy is utilized to charge 12V battery. We are

using solar panel with 10V, 1A.

The transmitter board with zigbee transmitter module, microcontroller, relays, current transformers and voltage transformers is

mounted on the one side of the wooden frame.

III. RESULTS

The proposed street lighting system improves the energy efficiency of the system by more than 50 to 60%. The below chart

shows the comparison of LED lamp, CFL and incandescent light bulb on the basis of power consumption, life span of the lamps

etc. All of these lamps provide the same light i.e. light of same intensity. Table 1:

Comparison Chart of Lamps

Comparison

Features LED Lamp

Incandescent Light

Bulb Compact Fluorescent(CFL)

Life Span 50,000

Hours 1200 Hours 8,000 Hours

Watts of Electricity used 6-8 Watts 60 Watts 13-15 Watts

Turns on instantly Yes Yes No-Takes time to warm up

Sensitivity to low

temperature No Some

Yes. May not work under 10 Degrees Fahrenheit or over 120 degrees

Fahrenheit

Cost(INR) 110 52 193

The used solar tracking system will increase the energy efficiency by 30 to 40%. Automatic fault detection feature is

implemented to detect faults in lamp and LDR which reduced the maintenance of the system.

IV. CONCLUSION

This paper proposes high energy efficient smart street lighting system using solar tracking system. It achieves the integration of

all latest technologies such as LED lamps as a lighting source, solar panel with along with solar tracking as a primary power

source and the automatic remote control technique. System achieves the sufficient cost saving.

One more benefit of the proposed system is its remote control feature which reduces the system maintenance. This system is

flexible enough such that it can be extended easily. This system can be further extended as traffic controller system along with

street lighting system.

REFERENCES

[1] Fabio Leccese Remote-Control System of High Efficiency and Intelligent Street Lighting Using a ZigBee Network of Devices and Sensors In IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, vol. 28, no. 1, January 2013

[2] M. A. D. Costa, G. H. Costa, A. S. dos Santos, L. Schuch, and J. R. Pinheiro, A high efficiency autonomous street lighting system based on solar energy and LEDs, in Proc. Power Electron. Conf., Brazil, Oct. 1, 2009, pp. 265273.

[3] P.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Liu, Y.-T. Yau, and H.-C. Lee, Development of an energy efficient street light driving system, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Sustain. Energy Technol., Nov. 2427, 2008, pp. 761764.

[4] W. Yongqing, H. Chuncheng, Z. Suoliang, H. Yali, and W. Hong, Design of solar LED street lamp automatic control circuit, in Proc. Int. Conf. Energy Environment Technol., Oct. 1618, 2009, vol. 1, pp. 9093.

[5] W. Yue, S. Changhong, Z. Xianghong, and Y. Wei, Design of new intelligent street light control system, in Proc. 8th IEEE Int. Conf. Control Autom., Jun. 911, 2010, pp. 14231427.

[6] R. Caponetto, G. Dongola, L. Fortuna, N. Riscica, and D. Zufacchi, Power consumption reduction in a remote controlled street lighting system, in Proc. Int. Symp. Power Electron., Elect. Drives, Autom. Motion, Jun. 1113, 2008, pp. 428433.

[7] Y. Chen and Z. Liu, Distributed intelligent city street lamp monitoring and control system based on wireless communication chip nRF401, in Proc. Int. Conf. Netw. Security, Wireless Commun. Trusted Comput., Apr. 2526, 2009, vol. 2, pp. 278 281.

[8] L. Jianyi, J. Xiulong, and M. Qianjie, Wireless monitoring system of street lamps based on zigbee, in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Wireless Commun., Netw. Mobile Compute., Sep. 2426, 2009, pp. 13.

[9] D. Chen and M. Wang, A home security zigbee network for remote monitoring application, presented at the Inst. Eng. Technol. Int. Conf. Wireless Mobile Multimedia Netw., Hangzhou, China, Nov.69, 2006.

[10] M. Xiangyin, X. Shide, X. Ying, and H. Huiping, Zigbee based wireless networked smart transducer and its application in supervision and control system for natural gas gate station, in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. Educ., Jul. 2528, 2009, pp. 301306.

[11] Z. Rasin, H. Hamzah, and M. S. M. Aras, Application and evaluation of high power zigbee based wireless sensor network in water irrigation control monitoring system, in Proc. IEEE Symp. Ind. Electron. Appl., Oct. 46, 2009, vol. 2, pp. 548-551.

remotely control high energy efficient automatic street lighting system

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