remote sensing alcantar-1
TRANSCRIPT
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Presented by: Vanessa Alcantar
Geography 299E
Dr. Gillespie
May 31, 2011
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Abstract:
Several data sources are used to analyze the condition of protectedparks near Managua, Nicaragua. Landsat images from the year
2002 and 2011 are downloaded from the USGS Global
Visualization Viewer in order to analyze vegetation change. NDVI
and Classifications are created using ENVI to detect any vegetation
change. Fire data collected from FIRMs is obtained to get an ideaof how many fires occurred in the nature reserves in past 9 years.
Population is analyzed and obtained from landscan. Its purpose was
to get an idea of which parts of Nicaragua are most
populated/urbanized. A vegetation cover map is obtained from
globcover, vegetation analysis of the pacific region. Lastly, there isa modis vegetation index map from the year 2000. The map
displays the amount of trees, herbaceous, and bare land.
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Introduction:Nicaragua is located in central America. Its capital Managua is in the
pacific region and is one of the most populated regions in the entire
country. The national language is Spanish. Nicaragua is known for thelargest tropical rain forest north of Amazonia, the most extensive sea grass
pastures in the Western Hemisphere, the widest continental shelf, and
stretch of coral reefs in the Caribbean, the longest river, largest lakes,
richest volcanic soils, and least populous territory in Central America
(Nietshmann 1990). The nature parks consist of such diversity of plants,
animals, and natural geographic features. Park reserves are currently facing
several threats which are: production of fruits, vegetables, coca, ornamental
plants, forest products, livestock, specialty coffee, and dairy
(Weaver,Lombrano,Sanchez 2). Nicaraguas protected parks are not
actually protected. Nicaragua has two other corridors that are less well
known: a rainforest to dry forest (rainfall) gradient along the southern
border, and a lowland rainforest to cloud forest (altitudinal) gradient in the
north central area (Weaver,Lombrano,Sanchez 4).
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Political Map of Nicaragua
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Data Analysis Methods:
The primary methods of analysis included NDVI andclassifying a band into intervals, then assigning each interval toa color (Campbell 153). The NDVI (Normalized DifferenceVegetation Index) estimates how healthy vegetation is in aregion. Data from landscan, globCover, Firms fire mapper, andIUCN Reserves were also obtained in this analysis. ENVI wasthe primary application used for analysis
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Site:
The main focus on this project was to analyze the parkreserves near the Managua, one of most urbanizedregions in the country.
Below is map of the region obtained from Google:
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Landsat Images in RGB:
2002 2011
Bands 3-2-1
P k R N Th Si
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Park Reserves Near The Site
Estero Real Sistema Lagunar de Tisma
Cerro Tisey Cerro Quiabuc
Tespesomoto Mesa de Moropotente
Cerro Guabule
Volcan Yali Cordillera Dipilto y Jalapa
Cerro Kilambe Estero Padre
Cerro El Diablo
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Results
P l ti
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Population :
The Population surrounding the parks are dense, depicted in orange
and burgundy. This population data from land scan and was
produced in 2008. The current population is increasing by 1.85%
per year (CIA). This then means that more land is needed for a
growing population
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Vegetation:
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Vegetation Continued
There are two primary vegetation located in
the pacific region are:
20-50% Grasslands/scrubland/Mosaic forest.
30% Mosaic Cropland
Less 15 % Herbaceous vegetation(grassland,
savanna, or lichen/mosses)
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Landsat Images Before Analysis
Bands 4-3-22002 2011
Repaired the 2011 image using
the repair bad value tool in ENVI.
There no longer any lines
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NDVI
2002 2011
Abundance of vegetation can be seen in the light pixels . Darker
pixel are an absence of vegetation. There is a drastic change in2011 compared to 2002.
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Vegetation Class
2002 2011
Red:32.4 % represents Vegetation
Green: 23.4% represents Bare LandRed: 25.7% Vegetation
Green: 33.1% Represents Bare Land
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Vegetation Modis Map
General vegetation distribution in reserves. In the pacific about 90%
of the land is herbaceous in the year 2000.
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General Fire map of ALL Fires
Fires Mapped by Brightness
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Fires Mapped by Brightness
There have been a total of approx. 4,200 fires in all the Nicaraguan
park reserves. The parks located near Managua have experienced
approx 1,000 fires. Most of the main cause of these fires are because
of the dry season. The brightness of these fires are measure in Kelvin.
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Conclusion/Discussion
Vegetation is decreasing at a low rate since 2002 due tourbanization and poor enforcement of park reserve laws. All the parks in the area of interest are in category 4, managednature reserve/wildlife sanctuary (IUCN).
There are currently 78 vulnerable/endangered species due to habitatloss. It is important to keep preserving these areas in order to preventflora and fauna extinction or endangerment.Species in these areas are unique because of the unique position
between the Neartic and Neotropic Nicaragua is located in(Gillespie163).There are currently forest land owners that have been launchingconservation projects based on ecotourism.
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List of Endangered Species
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List Continued
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List Continued
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End of List
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Sources
Campbell, J.B. "Introduction to Remote Sensing," 3rd ed., Taylor &
Francis, p. 153
Gillespie, Thomas. 2001. Patterns of Vertebrate Species Richness and
Conservation in Nicaragua. 163
Nietschmann, B. 1990. Conservation by conflict in Nicaragua. Natural
History 11;42-48.Weaver, Lombrano, Sanchez. 2003. Biodiversity, and Tropical Forest
Conservation, Protection and Management in Nicaragua: Assessment and
Recommendations.
IUCN Species Redlist
CIA World Fact Book-Nicaragua
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Gracias!
Estero Real nature reserve, known for sea turtle nesting.