RELIGIOUS ORDERS

What do call a bear with no ears? B!Where do cows go on Saturday nights? To the MOOO-vies!

The Main Religious Orders(communities) During The Middle Ages. A Religious Order- is a

group of people who dedicate their lives to God.

They live outside society.

Interesting Fact

Some say the hoody dates back all the way to the Middle Ages, when Catholic Monks wore a formal outfit of a baggy tunic and a cowl - a long hood - covering their heads. Who knew?!

Religious Orders“The Benedictines”

The first religious orders began 2000 years ago.

The Benedictines, a religious community founded by St. Benedict built their first monastery in 529.

Members of the Benedictines only worked and prayed.

In the year 600, there were almost 200 Benedictine monasteries in France.

Religious Orders“The Cistercians”

The Cistercian order was founded in 1098 in France.

This order wanted to live a simpler life.

The Cistercians thought money and power lead the Christian religion away from Christian values of charity and sacrifice.

Charity and Sacrifice

Charity- is the generous action of helping the poor and sick.

If you are in Montreal and you see a child with no clothes and no food, and you decide to give him clothes and good then that is a charitable act.

The Religious Order“The Franciscans”

The Franciscan Order was founded in 1210 by St. Francis, a young Italian.

The Franciscans gave up all materials they owned(houses, Jewelry, money,).

They lived with the other people but begged for their food.

Cluny Abbey

In 910, the Benedictines founded Cluny Abbey, which received large donations from Duke William of Aquitaine.

Duke William gave money to the monastery but he wanted the monks to pray for his soul.

Monk- someone who gives their life to God and prayer. They promise to be poor, obey the laws, and remain celibate (unmarried).

Yo Bob, were women members of religious orders?

In the beginning the Church did not have any place for women.

However, in 1101, Fontrevault Abbey was opened by Robert d’Abrissel. The religious order welcomed men and women.

In fact, a woman, Abbess Petronille de Chemille was the leader.

The Church: A Supreme Power

In the middle ages, the Church received great power and wanted to use their power to govern(control) people.

Religion governed the lives of Christians from birth until death with each stage celebrated by the sacraments.

Sacraments- A ritual marking the journey of Christians in their religious life.

The Sacrament of Baptism:

The Sacrament of Baptism, the first of the three sacraments of initiation, is also the first of the seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church. It removes the guilt and effects of Original Sin and incorporates the baptized into the Church, the Mystical Body of Christ on earth.

The Sacrament of Confirmation:

The Sacrament of Confirmation is the second of the three sacraments of initiation because, historically, it was administered immediately after the Sacrament of Baptism. Confirmation perfects our baptism and brings us the graces of the Holy Spirit that were granted to the Apostles on Pentecost Sunday.

The Sacrament of Holy Communion:

While Catholics in the West today normally make their First Communion before they receive the Sacrament of Confirmation, the Sacrament of Holy Communion, the reception of Christ's Body and Blood, was historically the third of the three sacraments of initiation. This sacrament is the source of great graces that sanctify us and help us grow in the likeness of Jesus Christ.

The Sacrament of Confession:

The Sacrament of Confession is one of the least understood, and least utilized, sacraments in the Catholic Church. In reconciling us to God, it is a great source of grace, and Catholics are encouraged to take advantage of it often, even if they are not aware of having committed a mortal sin.

The Sacrament of Marriage:

Marriage, a lifelong union between a man and a woman for procreation and mutual support, is a natural institution, but it is also one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church. It reflects the union of Jesus Christ and His Church.

The Sacrament of Holy Orders:

The Sacrament of Holy Orders is the continuation of Christ's priesthood, which He bestowed upon His Apostles. There are three levels to this sacrament: the episcopate, the priesthood, and the diaconate.

The Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick:

Traditionally referred to as Extreme Unction or Last Rites, the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick is administered both to the dying and to those who are gravely ill or are about to undergo a serious operation, for the recovery of their health and for spiritual strength.

The Two Powers of The Church

Temporal Power: is the power that the church had on life on earth. Also, it is the power of the church as it related to material wealth(money, land).

The Church’s Temporal Power The church was very rich in the middle ages. It

collected tithes from its communities and also received big donations from people who wanted the church to pray for their souls and eternal life.

The church also owned a lot of land/property which made them a lot of money.

Words to remember: Tithe- the money that Christians had to pay to the

church every year. In the middle ages, the church collected 10% of a Christian’s salary.

So, if Fred made $10, he would give the church $1. If he made $100 he would give the church $10.

The Church’s Spiritual Power The Church’s power during the

Middle Ages mostly came from spiritual power.

The Christian Religion promised salvation, life after death (heaven).

Salvation- to be saved from death and sent to heaven.

What Christians Had To Do To Be Saved:

To Get Into Heaven:

Christians had to practice and respect their religion.

Christians listened all the rules of the church, because the church could kick people out of the religion/church. This was called excommunication.

Excommunication- Excommunicated persons were excluded from the Christian community and could no longer receive the sacraments.

Writing Reflection

How would you feel if you were excommunicated from your community for not believing the same thing?

Remember Excommunicated means: To be excluded(kept out) of a community

Medieval Society

What do we need to know after we study MEDIEVAL SOCIETY?

We need to know and understand how Medieval society was organized.

Medieval Society was designed much differently than society today. But our society today was born out of medieval society.

Medieval Society

In the late fifth century, the Western Roman Empire was divided into 6 kingdoms controlled by kings(rulers) who would not keep peace.

Because kings could not keep the peace, land owners (Lords) decided to protect themselves and the people living in their territory.

The people were very happy so they agreed to help the lords.

The good relationship between lords and people is known as FEUDALISM.

Lords and Vassals

Lord- was a landowner who had power over others. They rented land to the vassals.

Here a vassal givesrespect to his lord.

Vassal- was usually a farmer who borrowed land from a lord. The Vassal would pay rent to the lord for the land. They need to support the lord and go to war if the Lord asked them.

Feudalism

Feudalism was based on the relationship between the lord and his vassal.

The Lord was stronger so the lord provided protection to the vassal (weaker).

In return for the protection, the vassal promised to be loyal and support the Lord.

Hierarchy of Feudalism

Local King

Lords

Knights and professional army

Peasants (Farmers)

Hierarchy of Feudalism

Local King- The most powerful person in the kingdom was the king. The king's word was law and he could have a person thrown into jail or have a person  beheaded if he so ordered. The king gave the land to the lords.Lords- Because the king gave them land they had to protect the kings with an army. They protected

the knights and game them shelter and food.

Knights and professional army- Because the Lords gave them so much the knights had to go to war for the lords if there was a war. The knights were

the army. The knights gave food shelter and protection to the peasants.

Peasants (Farmers)- At the bottom of the pyramid were the peasants and serfs who worked the land. They farmed the land and paid rent to the knights.

All they received was food and shelter.

Rent

The payment that peasants had to give the lord for the land they farmed.

Rent could be paid in money or with crops and livestock.

An Order Based Society

* Order is another word for group.

Medieval society was made of three orders(groups).

Order Responsibility

Lords Lords were responsible for starting war and protecting the country.

Clergy (members of the church)

They were responsible for praying.

Peasants The people who worked and supported the lords and clerics(clergy members).

Those Who Fought

In the 11th and 12th centuries (1000-1199), kings often had very little power.

The laws were made by the lords because they owned the land.

Those who fought continued… To protect their land they surrounded

themselves with armed horsemen. They were like soldiers.

Some of these horsemen became knights. It was an honour to become a knight.

There was a special ceremony when horsemen became knights. This ceremony was called a dubbing.

Dubbing- The ceremony where a young horseman received his sword and the title of knight.

Where the Lords lived

To protect themselves and their vassals (knights), the lords built large castles.

These castles were sometimes surrounded by a double set of walls.

If there was a war, all the villagers would be able to hide within the castle walls.

The Lord’s Castle

Writing Exercise

Write a paragraph about castles from the film.

Those who prayed

The clergy were very important in medieval society.

In 13th century France, the church was located in the centre of the village and played a important role in villagers’ lives.

The church was an important place where villagers gathered at all hours of the day.

Peasants

People who worked the land In the Middle Ages, the great

majority of the population who lived in the country were peasants.

Nearly all the peasants needed their lord for survival because the lord gave them farmland and a place to live.

The peasants worked on the lord’s land/