Religious causes: evangelical Christianity and utilitarianism: the clash of civilisations had begun, according to Ferguson Supporters of this religious revival got key posts in government No more White Mughals Changing attitude towards Hinduism> Suttee (widow burning) was forbidden Was the Indian mutiny an Islamic revolt? Wahhabi ghazis warriors of the faith; converged on Delhi, to support Bahadur Shah II Holy war across northern India; in Lucknow green flags standard of the Prophet Muhammed Chaman Lal, Indian convert to Christianity Hindu doctor, immediately massacred Abdullah Beg, former EIC soldier, British converted to Islam, against British rule The spark Colonel Wheeler in Barrackpore openly preaching the gospel and many high caste sepoys misinterpreted the presence of missionaries in India official attempts at a conversion policy the cartridges controversy; new rifle was issues to sepoys, supposably greased with tallow or lard First attempts of mutiny Mangal PandeReligious events: Events in Delhi Europeans, Eurasians and Christian converts who did not manage to flee to Meerut, were massacred when the British lost control of DelhiOther causes: The idea of Anglicisation; Michael Woods puts it from now on British dominion in India, was not only to be about making money, but about changing India Britains military weakness in the mid 19th century Saul David: attitude of many British officers appallingly disrespectful Decline in the number of White Mughals The policies of governor general Dalhousie right of lapse King of Delhi, his image removed from the coinage the British created a situation where no one in the imperial family had anything to lose Dalrymple Annexation of Oudh; according to Keay since the days of Clive, its rulers had been the Companys allies, graciously accepting a succession of territorial and financial demands and provding much of the manpower for the Companys Bengal Army ; 1/3 of Bengal Army from Oudh Economic discontent in the countryside Reduced income C A Bayly talks of a revolt of the backwoods Metcalf argues the land revenue system generated an enduring discontent Nana Sahib, Cawnpore Bahadur Shah, Mughal power was still capable of conferring political legitamacy Terms of service Poorly paid Expected to serve outside of EIC territories, even overseasOther events: 2 massacres in Cawnpore