release notes 14 - simtec

SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 14.5

Release Information

April 2018 1/57

Release Information – PSS®SINCAL Platform 14.5

This document describes the most important enhancements and changes to the new program version. See

the product manuals for a more detailed description.

1 General Remarks 3

1.1 Licensing 3

1.2 System Requirements 3

1.3 Revised Models 4

2 PSS®SINCAL 5

2.1 User Interface 5

2.1.1 Multiple Calculation 5

2.1.2 New Result Compilation 7

2.1.3 New Functions in Tabular View 9

2.1.4 Variants 10

2.1.5 Workspace 11

2.2 Electrical Networks 11

2.2.1 Enhancements in the Short Circuit Calculation 11

2.2.2 Enhancements for Harmonics 14

2.2.3 Enhanced Protection Documentation 17

2.2.4 Enhancements to the Protection Analysis 18

2.2.5 Check OC Settings 23

2.2.6 Enhancements in Protection Coordination 25

2.2.7 Enhancements in Reliability 26

2.2.8 Load Profile Calculation 28

2.2.9 Load Development and Economy 28

2.2.10 Enhancements for Dynamics 31

2.2.11 Enhancements for Static Network Reduction 32

2.2.12 Enhancements for Variable Shunt Element 33

2.2.13 Enhancements with DC Elements 34

2.2.14 Enhanced Feeder Documentation 35

2.2.15 Calculation Settings in Automation 36

2.2.16 Enhanced Excel Import 42

2.2.17 Enhanced CYMDIST Import and Export 42

2.2.18 Enhanced PSS E Import 43


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April 2018 2/57

3 PSS®NETOMAC 44

3.1 User Interface 44

3.1.1 Enhanced Functions for Network Browsers 44

3.1.2 Enhancements in the Diagram System 45

3.1.3 Snippets in the Text Editor 46

3.1.4 Improvements in the Model Editor 47

3.1.5 Encryption of Models 48

3.2 Calculation Methods 49

3.2.1 Enhancements in Eigenvalue Analysis 49

3.2.2 Improvements for G Types 51

3.2.3 Enhanced Load Flow Control with BOSL 52

3.2.4 Enhancement for Active Frequency Response 53

3.2.5 Improved Signal Recording with a Line 53

3.2.6 New BOSL Blocks 54

3.2.7 Enhancements for NSN File 55

3.2.8 Improvements for Torsion Calculation 57


Release Information

April 2018 3/57

1 General Remarks

1.1 Licensing

PSS SINCAL 14.5 Platform uses the same license file as the preceding PSS SINCAL 14.0 version.

In order to activate the software, it is only necessary to assign the license file to the new version

using the PSS Tool utility program.

If you need a new license file or have any questions about the licensing, please contact the

PSS SINCAL Platform Support (phone +43 699 12364435, email [email protected]).

1.2 System Requirements

The following hardware and software requirements include the minimum requirements to operate an

application of the PSS SINCAL Platform 14.5.

Recommended Hardware

PC or notebook

CPU: >= 2 GHz (MultiCore)

RAM: 8 GB

Hard disk: >= 20 GB

Graphics card: >= 1920 x 1200, True Color

Mouse: 3 buttons (wheel mouse)

Operating Systems Supported

Windows 7 (x86 & x64)


Windows 8.1 (x86 & x64)


Windows Server 2008 R2 (x64)

Windows Server 2012 R2 (x64)

Windows Server 2016 (x64)

Database Systems Supported

Microsoft Access

Oracle 9i

Oracle 10g

Oracle 11g

SQL Server 2008, SQL Server Express 2008

SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server Express 2008 R2



mailto:[email protected]


Release Information

April 2018 4/57


The supported operating systems and database systems have not changed compared to the

PSS SINCAL platform 14.0.

1.3 Revised Models

The following three documents describe the models contained in the model library:

• Models\1_DynamicModelsLibrary.pdf

Description of the model library (in development)

• Models\2_PSSE_models.pdf

Description of models in "Models\"

• Models\3_EPRI_CIM_for_Dynamics.pdf

Description of models in "Models\CGMES\"

The last two documents are used temporarily to describe the standard models and will be replaced in

future versions of PSS SINCAL by the first document stated.

Standard Models

The following modifications/adaptions were made:

• Models\IEEEST6C_xmac.xmac:

Correction of the input variables.

• Models\PSS2B.mac:

Extension of the definition options for #M and #N.

• Models\CGMES\Pss2B.mac:

Extension of the definition options for #M and #N.

• All GMB models of subfolder "Models\XMAC\" were integrated in the main folder "Models\" and

the suffix "_xmac" was removed from the file name.

CGMES Models

The following models in accordance with the description "3_EPRI_CIM_for_Dynamics.pdf" have

been added to the model library "Models\CGMES":

• ExcAVR3

• PssSB4

• ExcDC3A

• ExcDC3A1

• ExcHU

• ExcST1A

• ExcST2A

• ExcST3A

• ExcST4A

• ExcST6B


Release Information

April 2018 5/57

• GovSteamFV3

2 PSS®SINCAL

2.1 User Interface

2.1.1 Multiple Calculation

Particularly in conjunction with the new result compilation, this new function enables complete

workflows by which the network is analyzed in different configurations with several calculation

methods. The configurations can either be variants or scenarios. The results of all completed

calculations are saved in the database and can be evaluated afterwards.

The following example shows the principle by means of scenarios. A scenario in PSS SINCAL is a

combination of change data which is assigned to an existing network. This enables the operating

state of the network elements (active/inactive), the switching of connections and naturally also the

individual data of the network element (e.g. powers, factors, control settings, control method etc.) to

be changed.

Scenarios describe the changes in the network state in a special scenario file. Different scenario files

can also be used simultaneously in order to combine different changes on the network model. The

scenarios can therefore also be used more flexibly as variants which offer a similar function.

The example shows the network in 3 configurations: Basic case without scenarios, with Scenario1

and with Scenario2. Precisely these configurations can now be analyzed with the multiple calculation

function.

For this choose Calculate – Multiple Calculations. This opens a special dialog box in which all

V1

V2

T1

V4

V3

T2

V6

V5

S1

S2

S3

V2 V8

Scenario1:

T1 out of service

S3 closed

Scenario2:

T2 out of service

S1 closed


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April 2018 6/57

calculations to be performed are compiled.

As already mentioned, the multiple calculations can be performed both with the scenarios as well as

also variants. The Calculation mode section enables the appropriate selection to be made:

• Variants:

The selected calculation methods are carried out in each variant that was activated for the

variant comparison.

• Scenarios:

An additional selection field is used here to select the variant in which the individual scenarios

are to be created. The input field next to it is used to enter the name for the scenario base

variant. If this scenario base variant already exists, this is overwritten.

In this current example two scenarios have to be analyzed. The Scenarios calculation mode is

therefore selected in the dialog box. The subsequent selection field is used to select the variant in

which the results of the scenario calculation are to be provided. The selected variant is also the basic

case of the network without scenario changes.

The definition is then made from the calculation to be performed. All suitable calculations are shown

in the Available Methods selection list. These can then be transferred to the Selected methods list

by drag and drop or by using the button in the dialog box. In our case the load flow calculation and

the three-phase short circuit calculation are selected.

Clicking the Calculate button calculates the scenarios with all selected methods.

The results of the calculation are provided in the form of variants.


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April 2018 7/57

A "Scenarios" base variant is created which depicts the basic case without scenarios. Another variant

with the name of the scenario is created for each calculated scenario. In all variants, the results of

the completed calculations are provided for further analysis.

Changes with Calculation Settings for Scenarios

The options for scenarios previously provided in the Basic Data tab of the calculation settings have

been removed. The same function is now provided also with the new multiple calculation in extended

form.

2.1.2 New Result Compilation

This new function enables the results of different calculations to be visualized and evaluated at the

same time. This is a practical addition to the multiple calculation, but can also be used completely

separately to it.

The function is started via Calculate – Result Compilation.

The results contained in the database can be combined in the dialog box as required on element

level (terminal) or node level. The attributes provided enable an individual selection to be made,

which can then be visualized. The following illustration shows the structure of the result tables in the

database for load flow (LF) and short circuit (SC3, SC1).


Release Information

April 2018 8/57

LFNodeResult

Result_ID

Node_ID

U

U_Un

...

LFBranchResult

Result_ID

Terminal_ID

P

Q

...

S_Sn

SC3NodeResult

Result_ID

Node_ID

Ik2

phiIk2

...

Sk2

SC3BranchResult

Result_ID

Terminal_ID

Ik2

phiIk2

Unn

Sk2

Ip

phiUnn

...

Variant_ID

Variant_ID

Variant_ID

Variant_ID

SC1NodeResult

Result_ID

Node_ID

Ik2

phiIk2

...

Sk2

SC1BranchResult

Result_ID

Terminal_ID

Ik2

phiIk2

Unn

Sk2

Ip

phiUnn

...

Variant_ID

Variant_ID

The attributes of node and branch results from different calculations selected via the dialog box are

combined in a single result line. In this way, only the most important information is visualized clearly

for evaluation. The combination is based on the topology information of the results.

The following table shows a possible combination. The topology of the result is displayed with node

name and element name in every data line. The voltage at the node V_Vn and also the utilization at

the terminal S_Sn then follow from the load flow node result. This is followed by the results of the 3-

phase short circuit and those of the 1-phase short circuit:

Topology LF K3 K1

Node Element V_Vn [%]

S_Sn [%]

Ik" [kA]

Sk" [MVA]

Ik" [kA]

Sk" [MVA]

K1 V1 90 20 1.9 11 0.6 10

K2 V2 95 70 2.1 12 0.2 3.8

The result view is opened automatically when the dialog box for result compilation is closed with the

OK button.

The example shown displays load flow and short circuit results of the network. While the display form

makes new evaluations possible, the actual task of the new function is to clearly visualize the

problematic locations in the network. Filter criteria can therefore be set for all displayed attributes. As


Release Information

April 2018 9/57

soon as filters are active, the result line is only displayed when at least one of the filter criteria

applies.

The filter criteria are entered directly in the result compilation dialog box. All filters are shown in the

result view directly above the table and can be switched on and off via a toggle function. This

enables either complete results or only those results with limit value violations to be shown.

In the following example, a filter is active by which all elements with an utilization over 75 % are to be

listed.

A special function is provided for evaluating the results of scenarios and variants. As soon as the

variant comparison for results is activated in the user interface, the display in the result view is

adjusted. This will then show the results in groups according to element and variant. The following

illustration shows the results of the scenario calculation. The result table clearly shows that line L24

with Scenario1 indicates an utilization that is greater than the filter criterion.

The result view also provides other functions to support evaluation and documentation. For example,

problematic network elements can be highlighted in the graphics editor or the result table can be

exported as a report.

2.1.3 New Functions in Tabular View

New functions in Tabular View are provided in the pop-up menu. Like with the network graphic, the

available results for network elements can be displayed in the form of data screen forms. In this way,

all the available results for nodes and elements can be accessed conveniently for comparisons

without having to open another table.


Release Information

April 2018 10/57

2.1.4 Variants

Modified Activation of the Variant Comparison

The variant comparison is now activated directly in the Variants dialog box. This makes variant

selection for comparison and the activation of the comparison function available in the same dialog

box.

Variants in Diagrams

The variant support in the diagrams was completely updated. The aim here is to enable simple and

efficient use without the tedious manual assignment of all compared signals in the diagram.

The new function has a similar design to the variant comparison in the graphics editor. The

comparison selection is made in the Variants dialog box. The diagram view contains a new button

for the activation of the variant comparison in the toolbar. Besides the data of the current variant in

the diagram, all the data of the other variants in the diagram is displayed if these are available and fit

in the topology.

The "Scenarios" variant is active in the example shown and the "Scenario1" and "Scenario2" variants

were selected for comparison. Clicking the "Compare variant" button in the toolbar of the diagram

activates the variant display. As is shown in the following illustration, the voltage curve "VC1" of


Release Information

April 2018 11/57

variant "Scenario2" is also displayed. There are no suitable results in variant "Scenario1", and so

nothing is shown here.

The name of the data series in the legend of the diagram is provided with additional information on

the variant to indicate the source of the data:

The previous functions integrated in different dialog boxes for comparing variants were removed as

they are not compatible with the new function.

2.1.5 Workspace

The function for exporting and importing the workspace settings has been enhanced. The default

settings selected in the user interface from the Calculate – Methods dialog box are now also

available here.

2.2 Electrical Networks

2.2.1 Enhancements in the Short Circuit Calculation

Calculation acc. to GOST Standard

PSS SINCAL now also provides a short circuit calculation in accordance with the GOST R


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April 2018 12/57

52735/2007 – GOST 28249/1993 standard.

GOST R 52735-2007: This part of the GOST standard is for networks greater than 1 kV and smaller

than 750 kV at a frequency of 50 Hz. The rated voltage specified by the standard is the average

rated voltage and so PSS SINCAL uses the rated voltage of the node. The source voltage is

determined for an imprecise calculation with a safety factor c. The load voltage is used with a precise

calculation.

GOST 28249/1993: This part of the GOST standard is for networks up to 1000 kV at a frequency of

50 Hz. The source voltage specified by the standard is the average rated voltage and so

PSS SINCAL uses the rated voltage of the node.

The following shows in brief the most important differences between GOST and IEC:

• Initial short circuit alternating current

IEC determines the initial shortcircuit current AC from the saturated subtransient reactance.

GOST determines the initial shortcircuit current AC from the subtransient reactance.

• Minimum short circuit current

IEC determines the minimum short circuit current at increased conductor temperature and

without motors. GOST determines the minimum short circuit current with arc impedances.

• Network display

Unlike GOST, IEC requires a separate network simulation with the following special

requirements:

o Disregarding line capacities in the positive and negative phase

o Disregarding non-rotating loads in positive and negative phase

o Using impedance correction factors for network transformers

• Surge current

There are different calculation requirements for determining the surge factor.

Converter Infeeder

A factor and an angle were added to the input data for the converters. This provides a safety factor


Release Information

April 2018 13/57

for the currents. The angle entered is useful for short circuit standards without any special

requirements for converter infeeders.

The enhancement is provided for synchronous machines, asynchronous machines, power units, DC-

infeeders and AC/DC-converters.

Extended Default Values for Zero-Phase Sequence

The activation of the zero-phase sequence input in PSS SINCAL also requires the correct data to be

entered in all cases. If the data is not activated, PSS SINCAL can determine default values. How

these are determined is described in the product documentation.

The problem here is that zero-phase sequence data of the network elements is often not available,

while information on the impedance of the neutral point grounding is available. However, this cannot

be entered without zero-phase sequence data.

The handling of the zero-phase sequence data has therefore been enhanced. When entering 0.0 for

all zero-phase sequence data required in the input dialog boxes, the default zero-phase sequence

data (Z0 Def) is used instead of the error abort. This enables users to enter neutral point impedances

(ZE) without any problems. The calculation is then carried out with the effective zero impedance (Z0 =

Z0 Def + 3 x ZE).

Another typical user problem arises through the connection of networks without zero-phase

sequence data and grounding with networks with zero-phase sequence data and grounding. The

networks normally come from different systems and are transferred to PSS SINCAL via the import

functions. Even the smallest imbalance causes problems for the joint calculation.

In order to mitigate this problem, the selection option "Z0 equals Z1 and Npt" has been added to the

options for the creation of default zero-phase sequence data in the Calculation Settings. In addition

to the zero-phase sequence data, all transformer switch groups Y and Z, such as YN and ZN, are

also handled.


Release Information

April 2018 14/57

Diagram for Short Circuit

A short circuit curve diagram based on the predefined route has been provided for the results of the

short circuit calculation in the same way as the voltage curve diagram. To define the route, the same

data is used as for the voltage diagram. The new diagrams are created automatically in the course of

the short circuit calculation if suitable routes were defined.

It is possible to select in the diagram the data to be visualized. The following are provided:

• Initial short circuit current Ik" [kA]

• Initial short circuit alternating power Sk" [MVA]

• Peak short circuit current ip [kA]

2.2.2 Enhancements for Harmonics

Voltage Limits for Nodes with V <= 1 kV according to IEEE 519 2014

The additional voltage limits for V <= 1 kV in accordance with the current standard are now also

included in PSS SINCAL and the evaluation of the node levels was upgraded for the new limits.

New Evaluation for Harmonic Currents according to IEEE 519 2014

The harmonics calculation now provides a new evaluation for harmonic currents in accordance with

IEEE 519. The fed harmonic currents are determined using the maximum necessary load current at

the point of common coupling:

Point of common coupling (PCC): Point on a public power supply system, electrically nearest

to a particular load, at which other loads are or could be connected. The PCC is a point located

upstream of the considered installation.

This node and the maximum necessary load current cannot be determined in PSS SINCAL. This

information must be provided as input data. For this the input data of the node was extended

accordingly.


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April 2018 15/57

The current point of common coupling is determined by a network trace from each node. If there are

several, the standard stipulates that the nearest one must be used. As the term is not defined here in

more detail, the PCC configuration must be stored for the correct node.

The fed harmonic currents are also evaluated according to the ratio of the short circuit current to the

maximum necessary load current (ISC/IL) at the point of common coupling. This, however, does not

apply to the elements that supply active power – these must be evaluated independently of the

ISC/IL ratio.

The harmonic current load determined is shown with the branch results and also with a filter

highlighting of the network graphic based on these results.


Release Information

April 2018 16/57

Enhancement of Harmonic Impedance for Network Elements

The following options were added to the impedance calculations for network elements:

• Infinite: Infinite impedance independent of the frequency.

• Quality – R constant: Besides the existing serial connection of R+jX a parallel connection of

R+jX was implemented.

The following enhancements were implemented:

• Those network elements to which an harmonic current source can be assigned now also have

the possibility of modeling with infinite impedance.

• General loads are provided with the possibility of modeling with the R quality constant and

parallel connection of R+jX.

• Variable shunt elements and shunt impedances now have the same possibilities for impedance

determination as the general load.


Release Information

April 2018 17/57

2.2.3 Enhanced Protection Documentation

PSS SINCAL provides a special function for the documentation of protection device settings, which

enables the lt characteristic curve of the protection devices and also the network graphics to be

shown in a diagram with the corresponding network elements. However, this functionality is not only

limited to the visualization. It is also possible to modify the input data and the switching state directly

via the network graphic in the diagram.

A new protection documentation can be created very easily via Tools – Create Protection

Documentation. However, an already existing documentation function could not be enhanced easily

until now.

The function for the manual updating of the network graphic was therefore also linked in the

diagrams of the protection documentation. Any additional network elements can be transferred from

the network browser with drag and drop into the diagram.

The following illustration shows the protection documentation in the example network "Example OC"

with the network browser in which Update Graphics is activated.

As can be seen in the illustration, the network browser offers those nodes for updating that are not in

the diagram in exactly the same way as with the network graphic, although the diagram view is active

here. If nodes are selected in the diagram, this selection is automatically synchronized in the update

graphics view of the network browser and the connected topology is also displayed accordingly. This

enables an additional subnetwork to be manually updated easily in the Protection Documentation

diagram.


Release Information

April 2018 18/57

The following illustration shows the result of the updating of node K3. As can be seen, the node, the

connected transformer and the assigned protection device are shown in the graphic and in the

diagram.

The new Update Layout function is provided in the pop-up menu for the later automatic alignment of

the network graphic. This enables the layout of the network elements and nodes selected in the

diagram to be recalculated automatically.

A function for creating the legend for protection devices in the diagram is also new. This function was

previously only available in the network graphic in the pop-up menu of the protection devices but not

in the diagram.

It is now also possible to display the current and voltage transformers in the diagram.

2.2.4 Enhancements to the Protection Analysis

Parallel Calculation for Protection Analysis

In the protection analysis calculation module, the clearing of faults is normally analyzed in the entire

network (mostly also including the failure of the primary protection device). This breaks up the

network into protection routes, starting with each protection device. The following small example

shows the operating principle:


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April 2018 19/57

This results in the following 3 network areas and 4 protection routes:

• Network area 1 for protection device on line L1:

Protection route line L1


Protection route line L2


Protection route line L3 and line L4

Protection route line L3 and line L5

Each of the protection routes is divided up with a definable step width and a fault is simulated at each

division. With a step width of 20 %, each route is divided up six times, at the beginning at 1 %, at the

end at 99 % and at every 20 % point in between.

As can be seen, there are many protection routes on which a moving short circuit has to be

calculated in order to determine whether the protection devices can correctly clear the fault. This

requires very many calculations, particularly in large networks. To improve the calculation speed and

make better use of modern hardware, the protection analysis was enhanced so that it can be also

used simultaneously with several processes.

The following illustration shows the operating principle of the parallel processing. The primary

calculation process controls other processes (Calc Nodes) which solve the subproblems

simultaneously.

Calc nodes 1 to nLoad all data from DBBuild possible casesSplit problem in cases Send Case data to Calculation Nodes Get results from Calculation NodesCalc final resultsStore results to DB/XML files

PSA Calculation Module Calculation Nodes

Calc nodes n+1 to m

Calc nodes m+1 to j

In the primary calculation process the network is loaded from the database and is built as a network

model in the main memory. The protection areas and the protection route are then defined.

Depending on the number of the available CPUs, as well as the default settings in the Calculation

Settings for parallel calculation, individual cases are formed containing the protection routes to be

L1 L2

L3 L4

L5

L3 L4

1 % 99 % 20 % 60 % 80 % 40 %


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April 2018 20/57

calculated. For these cases all the required data of the network model as well as the additional

control information are saved in the form of a binary network image (DMP file), which is then

transferred to the particular Calc Node.

In the individual Calc Nodes short circuit calculations are carried out for the set protection areas, and

the results and messages are returned for preparation and the primary calculation process at the

end. This connects all results from the Calc Nodes, brings these together, re-maps the primary and

secondary keys, and then writes the data into the database, and creates the XML result file for the

protection analysis.

Busbar Faults in Protection Analysis

The check for busbars faults is now also available in the protection analysis. This fault must likewise

be correctly cleared, however, this is located "in front of" the protection device, i.e. a special

parameter setting on the device is required (reverse) or a separate differential protection for the

busbar.

The new checking of the clearing of busbar faults can be activated in the control dialog box of the

calculation method.

If the busbar faults are activated, two additional columns are shown in the result view: 0 % and

100 %. These show the fault at the busbar at the beginning and end of the protection route. The

clearance of the busbar fault is visualized precisely in the same way as for faults of the protection

route. If no protection is provided at a busbar, this is indicated by the "Not calculable" status.

Calculation of Different Fault Types in Protection Analysis

To check simply whether the protection setting values are correct also with different fault types (K1,

K3, etc.), a new check mode is provided, by which the faults to be calculated can be predefined.


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April 2018 21/57

The enhanced check is activated via the Selection SC Method field:

• If "Single" is selected, the previous functionality is unchanged.

• If "Multiple" is selected, the short circuit calculations to be carried out during the short circuit

procedure can be selected in a dialog box. In the illustration shown, this is a two-phase short

circuit through contact with a return conductor and a three-phase short circuit.

If a calculation is carried out with multiple short circuits, the results are provided for each individual

short circuit type as before. However, these are available simultaneously, and it is possible to switch

easily between the results by clicking the short circuit method. For this a dialog box is opened in

which the result to be shown can be selected.

A special feature provided is the possibility to compare results selectively. This can also be activated

in the new dialog box for selecting the results. The calculation types to be compared are simply

selected for this. If the comparison function is active, a totals evaluation is shown in the result view.


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April 2018 22/57

The results of the protection routes are shown based on the result selected in the Show Results

dialog box. However, the route is overlaid with the results of the short circuit methods selected for the

comparison and a totals evaluation is therefore displayed that contains the worst results. This

therefore makes it possible to check the correctness of the protection settings simply at a glance.

Protection Analysis with Dynamics

This new function is designed to enable a more detailed analysis of the tripping behavior of

protection devices, particularly taking the frequency protection into account. For this, the possibility

was provided (as already for the protection coordination) to carry out a protection analysis in

conjunction with the dynamic simulation. A special calculation is started here, in which the network

model and the faults are simulated with the stability calculation in PSS NETOMAC and the behavior

of the protection devices in PSS SINCAL. The switching actions of the protection devices are

redefined in PSS SINCAL for each calculation time step of the stability calculation. If the pickup time

of a protection device is permanently reached, this protection device trips and determines also the

time for the first time loop. For all other time steps of the stability calculation the connection of the

protection device that trips is opened. This operation is repeated until the fault current equals 0.0

ampere.

The benefit of this process is the fact that the dynamic behavior of the network in the event of faults

and the switching actions of protection devices can be correctly simulated. This enables frequency

changes in the network to be detected, which then cause pickup and tripping at the corresponding

frequency protection settings of the protection devices. However, the disadvantage is the complexity

of this calculation. A complete dynamic simulation must be carried out for each fault position on a

protection route. In other words, the computation time is many times greater than for simple short

circuit calculations. In this respect, it must also be taken into account that far more calculations are

carried out in the protection analysis than with normal protection coordination. Another particular

aspect to be taken into account here is the fact that the destruction of equipment cannot be

determined with dynamic simulation, as only currents and voltages at the installation locations of the

protection devices are provided and not in the entire network.

The dynamic simulation in the protection analysis can be activated with the Consider frequency

protection option in the control dialog box.


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April 2018 23/57

The calculation procedure and scope of the provided results of the protection analysis remain

unchanged. Only the detailed simulation is used as the basis for the tripping of the protection devices

at the moving faults on the protection routes.

2.2.5 Check OC Settings

Check Conditions according to VDE 0102 for k Factor Check

The k factor check of the OC protection setting values provides advanced check functions, making it

possible to analyze whether the requirements for OC protection devices are met in accordance with

VDE 0102.

This functional enhancement fits thematically well with the already existing verification functions and

thus enables even better evaluation of the correctness of existing OC protection device settings. If

activated, the following additional checks are carried out:

• Minimum conductor cross section:

Feeders with a rated voltage <= 1 kV are checked for whether the cross sections of conductors

meet VDE 0636 requirements. This stipulates the use of specific conductor cross sections

depending on the rated voltage of the protection device.

• Minimum thermal limit current:

International specifications stipulate that the tripping current of the protection device that

definitely causes a trip must not exceed 1.45 times the current carrying capacity of the

conductors. This checks whether the conductors meet this criterion in the feeder section:

1,45 × 𝐼𝑡ℎ ≥ 𝐼𝑠𝑛 × 𝑓𝑙2

• Minimum admissible short circuit current:

The thermal energy I2t in the event of a fault can be determined from the short circuit current and

the tripping time. It must be ensured here that the permissible energy of the conductors is not

exceeded:

𝐼2𝑡𝑠 < 𝐼2𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑚


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April 2018 24/57

• Max. tripping time:

According to VDE 0102, the tripping time of the protection devices in the event of a fault must be

less than 5 seconds:

𝑡𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑙 < 5

The check according to VDE 0102 can be switched on in the control dialog box. For this the Check

low voltage network according to VDE 0102 option is activated. It is also important that a one-

phase short circuit is selected for the SC Method since this is the requirement for the check in

accordance with VDE 0102.

If the checks for low voltage networks per VDE 0102 are activated, additional columns are displayed

in the table in the results view, containing the limit values of the check function in the protection area

of the protection device.

If the check is possible, the particular value is highlighted in color. A green highlight indicates that the

criterion was fulfilled. A red highlight indicates a violation of the check criterion. This is also shown in

the State column.


Release Information

April 2018 25/57

Improved Display of Faults in the Backup Protection

In order to better identify faulty settings in the backup protection, these are output on the primary

protection device in the status field.

The pop-up menu in the table also provides a function for showing and hiding all backup devices.

This then enables the complete backup protection in all feeders to be checked if required.

2.2.6 Enhancements in Protection Coordination

Enhanced Signal Interlock

The signals on pickup (forward, reverse and non-directional) have previously not considered the

means by which the pickup was tripped. In other words, the signal was tripped as soon as a pickup

condition of the sender device was fulfilled.


Release Information

April 2018 26/57

In order to make it possible to selectively parameterize the signal interlock, the following pickups

were added to the definition of the zone/element in the teleprotection:

• Minimum current pickup

• Non-directional current pickup

• Directional current pickup

• Underimpedance pickup

• Area pickup

• Undervoltage pickup

Support for Alstom MiCOM P44x and P45x Devices

PSS SINCAL now supports the two Alstom distance protection devices. Both devices have a special

trip area that is depicted with the new Impedance and Blinder measuring type. With this measuring

type the impedance area is described with a polygon. An inclination of the R/X area can be defined

by entering the angle .

This new measuring type is then included as follows depending on the device type:

• P44x: Simulation with Z, φ and R – no inclination

• P54x: Simulation with Z, φ, R and α (per zone), 25 % offset and for zone 3 individual offset R'

and Z'

In the setting value calculation, the impedance polygon is seen in simplified form as a rectangle. If an

inclination is possible, the angle of the boundary impedance of the first zone is used as a setting

value for the angle . The impedance value supplying the smallest reactance value is used as the

smallest primary network impedance.

2.2.7 Enhancements in Reliability

The reliability characteristics ASIFI and ASIDI can be calculated according to IEEE with the following

three different reference values:

• Connected transformer kVA – installed transformer power

• Peak load

• Metered demand

PSS SINCAL previously only provided the characteristic values in relation to the actual demand. The

X

R

Z

-3° -Z

-R

R


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April 2018 27/57

characteristic values determined in this way supply higher values than those that are determined with

the peak load or the installed transformer power. All three calculation methods were implemented in

order to enable greater flexibility in determining the characteristic values.

For this the input data of the network elements has been extended accordingly. Installed Power and

Peak Power are also provided for those network elements that already contain load priority and

number of customers input options.

The calculated reliability characteristic values are provided for the reliability group results.

If the new input data is not provided, this is shown in the result in the State attribute and the

calculation is carried out with the actual demand.


Release Information

April 2018 28/57

2.2.8 Load Profile Calculation

PSS SINCAL 14.0 already provided a new function for trimming a network area by means of the

measured values at all infeeder points. This new type of trimming is now also integrated directly in

the load profile calculation. This is useful in the load profile calculation, particularly if only a few

measured values are present at the infeeder points, although the network is to be examined in the

load profile calculation for weakpoints.

The new optional load assignment in the load profile calculation can be activated in a control dialog

box at the start.

The trimming can be activated with the Use load assignment option. This causes a load assignment

to be carried out before each load flow in order to determine the appropriate load values of the

consumers.

The measured values were also extended to make this also useful. It is now also possible here to

store variable measured values over time in the form of profiles and operating points.

2.2.9 Load Development and Economy

Combination of Economy and Load Development

The economy calculation in PSS SINCAL was originally designed so that this can also be used


Release Information

April 2018 29/57

without a complete load flow network model. With this calculation procedure, only the determination

of costs for network changes and maintenance are in the focus. As no real network model is

required, the loss costs in the cost efficiency can only be defined in a simplified form.

These are considered on the basis of the input data (rated data) of the equipment in the form of load-

independent and load-dependent losses per element. For this serial and shunt losses with the

unavailable energy factor Th are evaluated and determined for one year. This gives the loss energy

E in kWh per element:

𝐸 = 8760 × 𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 × (𝑃𝑉𝐼 × 𝑇ℎ𝑖 + 𝑃𝑉𝑞 × 𝑇ℎ𝑣)

Transformer losses:

𝑃𝑉𝑙 = 𝑆𝑛 ×𝑣𝑟

100

𝑃𝑉𝑞 = 𝑉𝑓𝑒

Line losses:

𝑃𝑉𝑙 = 𝐼 × 𝑝𝑠𝑦𝑠 × 3 × 𝑟 × 𝐼𝑡ℎ

𝑃𝑉𝑞 = 𝐼 × 𝑝𝑠𝑦𝑠 × 𝑣𝑎

Both the economy as well as the load development analyze a network from a set start time up to the

planning horizon at annual intervals. The particular calculations performed are completely different in

both calculation methods. However, there are definitely synergy effects that can be utilized. The

possibility was therefore provided in the load development to carry out the cost calculations for the

economy calculation.

By combining economy with the load development it is possible to prevent the really inaccurate

determination of losses and also enable the evaluation of the energy costs for generation and

consumption. A Load Flow Extended option was therefore provided in the calculation settings, by

which the economy calculation can be activated in the load development.

If the Economics in Load Development option is activated, the load development calculation is

carried out as before. However, the economy calculation is also carried out at the same time. This


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April 2018 30/57

cost efficiency calculation then determines the losses on the basis of real load flow results. This

therefore provides a very precise image of the costs of real losses. The energy costs for generation

and consumption can likewise be determined, based on the load flow result.

The new combined calculation generates both the results for the load development as well as those

for the cost efficiency. This enables the network to be analyzed in a single calculation pass.

Enhanced Results for Economy

Previously the economy calculation only provided cumulative results for the entire network. In order

to enable detailed evaluations based on the topological structure of the network, cumulative results

for the network level and the network area are now also provided in the same way as for the load

flow based calculations.

The scope of the results was likewise enhanced in order to enable better evaluations of energy costs.

For this new attributes for energy costs are provided in the results of the economy calculation. The

energy costs for infeeders and consumers are determined if the energy cost factor fCe for the input

devices <> 0.

Determination of energy from power:

EE = 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡 × 𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 × 𝑃

Determination of energy costs:

CE = fCe × EE × ce

Economy data at the element:

Enhanced economy results:

Energy Costs in the Load Flow Calculation

The results for network, subnetworks and network areas now likewise show the generated and

consumed energy, the loss energy and corresponding costs. The energy costs for infeeders and

consumers are determined if the energy cost factor fCe <> 0 in the input data. This is determined in


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April 2018 31/57

the same way as for the economy. As no analysis period is provided for the load flow calculation, one

calendar year (8760 hrs) is always used here for the energy calculation.

With subnetworks and network levels the voltage and utilization violations are also recorded.

The new results are provided in the Costs and Violations tab of the result screen forms for

networks, subnetworks and network areas.

Parallel Calculation in Load Development

During load development, many load flows are calculated in order to depict the changes of the

network over the planned period. These load flow calculations can be calculated very well in parallel

because the individual calculations are independent of each other.

The parallel calculation in the load development can be activated via the Max. Parallel Processes

control option in the Basic Data tab of the calculation settings. The maximum number of processes

that can be used for parallel processing is preset here. The particular calculation methods of

PSS SINCAL then automatically decide according to the network model and the calculations to be

carried out how the entire problem is to be divided up into parallel processes.

2.2.10 Enhancements for Dynamics

Load Flow Solution of PSS SINCAL

This new function uses the load flow solution of PSS SINCAL to create the network model for

dynamic simulation. Unlike the NSN file, not only the admittance of the complete network is

transferred, but a complete network model is also created, in which the values of an initial load flow

calculation in PSS SINCAL are added to the input data of the elements.

The following values from the PSS SINCAL load flow solution are provided in the NET file:

• Tap positions of transformers, reactors and capacitors

• Voltages of the PV generators (default of P0 and V0)

• Overlaid operating state with generators at the same node (PV -> PQ)

• Island operation


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April 2018 32/57

• Individual values of RLC elements

The new function can be activated in the calculation settings for the dynamic simulation with the LF

Solution option.

Network Modeling Improvement

The modeling of shunt capacitors and shunt reactors as a consumer branch was changed and these

two elements are now simulated as an RL and RC impedance branch.

The number of fault messages due to incompatible network models was also reduced. The network

models are now adapted as well as possible automatically. This applies to the generator internal

impedance, the different tap positions of transformers and the transformer additional rotation.

2.2.11 Enhancements for Static Network Reduction

The static network reduction provided in PSS SINCAL enables large networks to be reduced to the

relevant section for analysis in load flow and short circuit calculations. Besides the shorter calculation

times, the benefit is naturally also the considerably smaller number of results, which simplifies

evaluations.

Either the Ward or Extended Ward procedure can be used in PSS SINCAL for the reduction. Both

procedures accurately simulate the impedance ratios of the reduced network area. The network

reduced in this way supplies in load flow and short circuit calculations the same results as the

unreduced network.

The following illustration shows the results of the network reduction at the boundary nodes. This is

the area in the network that represents the transition from the unreduced to the reduced network.

The network elements of the network reduction are connected at the boundary nodes. These are

boundary injections and boundary branches.


Release Information

April 2018 33/57

In order to control the generation of the equivalent elements in more detail, new options were linked

in the Wizard for static network reduction.

When the boundary injection is simulated, the Modeling field now makes it possible to control

whether a complex Ward impedance (R+jX) or only a reactance (jX) is to be generated. The

maximum impedance of the Extended Ward can likewise be preset. If this is to be greater than the

preset value, a simplified simulation for the boundary injection without Extended Ward is selected.

Another new feature is the possibility to control individually whether the shunt impedances of the

reduced subnetwork are to be considered.

The modeling of the boundary branches can now be set with more detailed parameters. This

modeling is possible with complex impedance (R+jX) or reactance (jX) and a limit value for maximum

impedance is also provided.

2.2.12 Enhancements for Variable Shunt Element

With this network element it is possible to activate the boundary injection input type. This models

infeeders which arise through the network reduction.

The behavior of the network element with this type of modeling is considerably different to the other

network element simulations available. Strictly speaking, the network element is simulated in the load

flow by a combination of several elements.

Boundary injection BI BI BI

Bounding node

Boundary branch


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April 2018 34/57

𝐽 = ((𝑃𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 − 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔) + (𝑗𝑄𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 − 𝑄𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔)

√3 × 𝑉)

∗

|𝐸| = 𝑉𝑊

𝑍𝑊 = 𝑅𝑙𝑓 + 𝑗𝑋𝑙𝑓

𝑆𝑊 =(𝑉𝑊 − 𝑉) × 𝑉𝑊

𝑍𝑊

The model was enhanced in order to improve the display of the results of network reduction. The

power setting now distinguishes between the original and equivalent network:

• The power flow from the original network to the network to be reduced must be specified via the

Active Power Rem. Porig and Reactive Power Rem. Qorig fields.

• The power flow from the network to be reduced to the original network must be specified via the

Active Power Equ. Pequiv and Reactive Power Equ. Qequiv fields.

2.2.13 Enhancements with DC Elements

DC-Infeeder

The voltage stability mode (island operation) is important for a DC infeeder for network planning.

The DC infeeder operates here like a PV or slack infeeder.

U J Uw E

Zw


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April 2018 35/57

The function of the DC infeeder was enhanced to enable this operating mode. The following

additional modeling functions are now provided in the calculation methods: P and |v| as well as P

and |V|.

Island Operation can now also be activated, irrespective of the selected operating mode. In the

event of a network collapse this enables a DC infeeder determined by the user to take over island

operation (operates then as slack). If several are designated for island operation in the network

island, the DC infeeder with the highest power value is taken.

Serial DC Element

The new power balancing operating mode is provided for the serial DC element. This is activated

automatically if at the converter node there is no topological connection to an infeeder that specifies

the amount and voltage angle (= slack).

The transformer rated voltage on the side of the converter is used for the amount of the AC voltage.

The angle of the voltage is 0.0 degrees. The power is also balanced at this node.

The DC voltage of the converter or the DC voltage of the inverter from the basic data of the serial

DC-element is used as the amount for the DC voltage. If no voltage is to be specified, PSS SINCAL

uses a DC voltage of 100 kV. This DC voltage is only required to define the losses on the DC side.

2.2.14 Enhanced Feeder Documentation

The feeder documentation function in PSS SINCAL makes it possible to export a wide range of

predefined feeder evaluations to an Excel file. This uses both the input data of the network elements

as well as the results of the load flow calculation in order to clearly collate the most important

information on the feeders.


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April 2018 36/57

In response to customer requests, the following additional fields have been added to the existing

feeder overview:

Field name Description

Node Start Name of the first node in the feeder

Vstart/Vr [%] Voltage at the first node in the feeder

Node Max Len Name of the furthest node in the feeder

Node Vmin Name of node with the lowest voltage in the feeder

Vmin/Vr [%] Lowest voltage at the node in the feeder

dV [%] Voltage drop at the node with the lowest voltage in the feeder as the difference to the start node at the transformer substation

Pl [kW] Active power losses of the network elements in the feeder

Ql [kW] Reactive power losses of the network elements in the feeder

2.2.15 Calculation Settings in Automation

The attributes of the calculation settings have been extended for the calculation automation and the

attribute names were changed to more clearly identify the calculation methods to which the attributes

are assigned. The previous attribute names are still supported in order to prevent any problems with

existing automation solutions.

Calculation Settings for Electrical Networks (CalcParameter)

Attribute name Data type Unit Description

ViewDate Double View Date

LoadDataDate Double Load Data Date

EstablishmentDate Double Establishment Date


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April 2018 37/57

IncreaseLoads Integer Use Load Data 0: Base Data 1: Load Increase 2: Load Profile 3: Load Increase/Load Profile 4: Load Profile in Load Development

StoreRes Integer Store Results in Database 0: Due to method 1: Completely 2: Violations 3: All elements in case of violations 4: Marked 5: Marked or violations

CreateDiagram Integer Diagram Creation 0: None 1: Completely 2: Marked 3: Violations 4: Marked or violations

Rating Integer Determine Rating 1: Base rating 2: First additional rating 3: Second additional rating 4: Third additional rating

IncreaseLoads Integer Use Load Data 0: Base Data 1: Load Increase 2: Load Profile 3: Load Increase/Load Profile 4: Load Profile in Load Development

UsymElm Integer Voltage Unbalance 1: V2/V1 2: V0/V1 3: NEMA 4: IEC 61000-2-2 5: IEC 61000-2-4 6: IEC 61000-4-30

ContrAdjustment Integer Controller Adjustment 1: Discrete 2: Continuous

MaxParProc Double Max. Parallel Processes for Calculation

FrqNet Double Hz Frequency

Sref Double MVA Reference Power

Uref Double kV Reference Voltage

LFZ0 Integer Mode Zero-Phase Impedance 1: Input data 2: Z0 equals Z1 3: Ze equals Zl 4: Z0 blocking 5: Z0 equals Z1 and Npt

LockR0 Double Ohm Active Part – Lock Impedance

LockX0 Double Ohm Imaginary Part – Lock Impedance

Load Flow

LFMethod Integer Load Flow Procedure 1: Current iteration 2: Newton-Raphson 3: Admittance matrix 5: Unbalanced (comp.) 8: Unbalanced (phases)

LFExtCalc Integer Extended Calculations 0: None 1: Load factor 2: Nodal transmission loss factor


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April 2018 38/57

LFFlatStart Integer Flat Start 0: No 1: Yes

LFChangeMethod Integer Change Load Flow Method at Convergence Problems 0: Off 1: On

LFPreCalc Integer Pre-Calculate 0: No 1: Yes

LFImpLoad Integer Impedance Load Conversion 0: No 1: Normal 2: Extended

LFControl Integer Enable Automatic Controller Change 0: No 1: Yes

LFITmax Long Integer Maximum Number of Iterations

LFIsland Integer Island Operation 0: No 1: Yes

LFvred Double % Voltage Limit Load Reduction

LFSpeedFactor Double 1 Load Flow Speed Factor

LFPowerAcc Double % Power Accuracy

LFPNB Double MVA Min. Power Accuracy

LFVLB Double % Mesh Accuracy

LFVDN Double % Node Accuracy

LFvll Double % Voltage Lower Limit

LFvul Double % Voltage Upper Limit

LFUtilElm Double % Load Profile – Utilization Limits Branch Element

LFUtilLine Double % Line Utilization Limit

LFCtrlTransformer Integer Activate Transformer Tap Changer 0: Off 1: On

LFCtrlShunt Integer Activate Shunt Element Tap Changer 0: No 1: Yes

LFLoadShedding Integer Activate Load Shedding 0: No 1: Yes

LFCtrlGenerator Integer Activate Generator Controlling 0: No 1: Yes

LFCtrlArea Integer Activate Area Interchange 0: Off 1: On

LFPowerTransfer Integer Activate Redistribute Power between Supply Sources 0: No 1: Yes

Load Flow ext.

StartTime Double h Start Time Load Profile

Duration Double h Duration Load Profile

TimeStep Double h Time Step Load Profile

LPTrim Integer Enable Trim in Load Profile Calculation 0: No 1: Yes

CAReportLimit Integer Reporting Limit

IncrStartDate Double Start Date

IncrEndDate Double End Date


Release Information

April 2018 39/57

EcoInLD Integer Economics in Load Development Calculation 0: No 1: Yes

EcoInflation Double % Inflation Rate

Short Circuit

SCPreL Integer Short Circuit Method 1: VDE 0102/1.90 – IEC 909 2: VDE 0102/IEC 909 (initial load) 3: VDE 0102/2002 – IEC 909/2001 4: IEC 61363-1/1998 5: IEC 61363-1/1998 (initial load) 6: ANSI C37 7: G74 8: VDE 0102/2016 – IEC 909/2016 9: GOST R 52735/2007 – GOST 28249/1993

SCType Integer Kind of Short Circuit Data Type 1: User Defined 2: Minimum 3: Maximum

SCModel Integer Network Model for Short Circuit 0: Sym. Components 1: Phase Values

SCTempDim Double °C Temperature at End of Short Circuit

SCPeakCurrent Integer

Peak Short Circuit Current Calculation Type 1: Ratio R/X at fault location 2: Radial Network 3: Equivalent frequency 4: Uniform ratio R/X 5: Ratio R/X at fault location R/X < 0.3

SCTrippCurrent Integer Breaking Current Calculation Type 1: IANEU VDE0102/1.90 – IEC 909 2: IAALT VDE0102/10.71

SCtmin Double s Global Switch Delay

SCANSIMethode Integer Solve Method 1: E/Z 2: E/X

SCANSINACD Integer NACD Option 1: All remote 2: Predominant 3: Interpolated

SCANSITrf Integer Modeling of Transformers 1: Actual data 2: Rated data

SCANSILine Integer Modeling of Lines 1: Use capacity 2: Ignore capacity

SCfIp Double Safety Factor for Peak Current

SCUseArc Integer Use Arc Data 0: No 1: Yes

SCCalcRX Integer Peak Current Calculation 1: Equivalent Impedance (Normal Frequency) 2: Equivalent Impedance (Equivalent Frequency) 3: Equivalent Resistance/Reactance (Normal Frequency)

SCSmAsm Integer Join Asynchronous and Synchronous Motors 0: No 1: Yes

SCDC Integer Join Photovoltaic in VDE 2016 0: No 1: Yes

SCWind Integer Join Windpower in VDE 2016 0: No 1: Yes


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April 2018 40/57

SCTrafoCorrection Integer Join Trafo Correction Factor in VDE 2016 0: No 1: Yes

Harmonics

HarWeighting Double Harmonic Weighting Type 0: None 1: IEEE 519 (Telephone influence factor) 2: THFF (Telephone high frequency factor) 3: NY x VNY 4: IEC 61000-2-4 class 1 5: IEC 61000-2-4 class 2 6: IEC 61000-2-4 class 3

HarDetFactor Double Detuning Factor

HarFrequency Integer

Frequency Response at Node 1: For all same values 2: Individual values

HarStartFrequency Double Hz Initial Frequency

HarEndFrequency Double Hz End Frequency

HarDeltaFreqMax Double Hz Large Frequency Step

HarDeltaFreqMin Double Hz Small Frequency Step

HarWaveResistance Integer Wave Resistance Equations for Lines 0: No 1: Yes

HarResonanceNetwork Integer Include Resonance Network in Frequency Response 0: No 1: Yes

HarIgnoreConsumer Integer Ignore Consumer 0: No 1: Yes

HarConsiderVoltAngle Integer Voltage Angle Consideration 0: No 1: Yes

Dynamics

DynTs Double s Starting Time

DynTe Double s Stopping Time

DynDt Double s Time Step

DynDtPlo Double s Plot Time Step

DynProt Integer Consider Protection Devices 0: No 1: Yes

DynLoadAngMin Double ° Load Angle Minimum

DynLoadAngMax Double ° Load Angle Maximum

DynSimMethod Integer Simulation Method for Transient Stability Limit 1: Stability 2: EMT

DynQacc Double MVA Reactive Power Accuracy

DynRmax Double Ohm Minimal Branch Impedance

DynModel Integer Model Formation 1: 0 Hz to 300 Hz 2: 50 Hz to 20 kHz 3: 10 kHz to 1 MHz 4: 500 kHz to 50 MHz

DynForceUnsym Integer Force Single Phase Model 0: No 1: Yes

DynReadable Integer Create Readable Files for PSS NETOMAC 0: None 1: Completely 2: No plotdef.


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April 2018 41/57

DynOutput Integer Additional Output 0: None 1: Comtrade (ASCII) 2: Comtrade (binary) 3: Plot File

DynLFSolve Integer Load Flow Help 0: None 1: NSN 2: SINCAL

Eigenvalues

EvaMethod Integer Eigenvalue Analysis Method 0: QR 1: Subspace 2: Dom. Pole

EvaZeta Double % Zeta

EvaZetaChart Double % Zeta Chart

EvaOmegaMin Double rad/s Minimum Omega

EvaOmegaMax Double rad/s Maximum Omega

EvaSigmaMin Double rad/s Minimum Sigma

EvaSigmaMax Double rad/s Maximum Sigma

EvaSigmaStart Double rad/s Sigma Start

EvaTs Double s Start Time for Eigenvalues

The following example in Python shows how the calculation settings can be set with automation

methods. This uses the GetObj() API of the calculation methods in order to obtain access to the

CalcParameter object. The parameters listed in the table can then be set in the object.

# Define method to be called strCalc = "LF_NETO" # Enable simulation batch mode: load from phys. database, store to virtual database Simulation.BatchMode( 2 ) Simulation.Language( "EN" ) # Load data from virtual DB Simulation.LoadDB(strCalc) if Simulation.StatusID == siSimulationLoadDB_Failed: print( "Error: Load database failed\n") WriteMessages(Simulation) CleanupAndQuit() # This can be used to apply SINCAL LF results for NETOMAC (to improve convergence) CalcParameterObj = Simulation.GetObj("CalcParameter", 1) if CalcParameterObj != None: CalcParameterObj.SetItem("DynLFSolve", 2) # Perform simulation Simulation.Start(strCalc) WriteMessages(Simulation) # Close COM instances and quit CleanupAndQuit()


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April 2018 42/57

2.2.16 Enhanced Excel Import

Import of Protection Device Data

The import functions were enhanced specially for the data required for the protection coordination.

Besides the already available import functions the import of the following tables is now also possible:

• ProtPickup – Pickup

• LoopImpData – Loop impedance data

• ProtInterlock – Teleprotection

• ProtInterlockGrp – Teleprotection group

• ProtZone – Protection zone

• ProtDISetting – Distance protection settings

• ProtDICharSiemens – Characteristics – Siemens distance protection

• ProtVoltTrip – Voltage protection

• ProtFrqTrip – Protection frequency

• ProtDiffSetting – Differential protection settings

• ProtGroundFct – Ground factor

These enhancements enable all essential data for protection coordination to be processed with the

Excel import.

Import of Master Resources

PSS SINCAL uses master resources in order to assign any identification keys to the network

elements and equipment. The master resource establishes here a connection to a data set in the

PSS SINCAL database and any key. This also enables information to be stored for the objects in the

PSS SINCAL database for identification in third-party systems.

The Excel import now also supports the importing of master resources both for nodes as well as for

network elements.

2.2.17 Enhanced CYMDIST Import and Export

The CYMDIST import was enhanced so that the files in version 8.0 can also be processed in addition

to the versions 5.0 and 7.2 already supported.

The following enhancements for the import functions were also implemented:

• Shunt Capacitor

This uses the values from the SwitchedKVA fields if FixedKVA fields are empty. The controller

data is also imported if present.

• Three Winding Transformer

This type is now supported for the import.


Release Information

April 2018 43/57

The following enhancements were provided for exporting PSS SINCAL networks in CYMDIST

format:

• When loads without customer load data are exported, a CYMDIST CUSTOMER CLASS data

structure is automatically generated in order for the load to be simulated appropriately.

2.2.18 Enhanced PSS E Import

The PSS E import for versions 33 and 34 was upgraded. Besides the already supported import files,

the import of additional data for the short circuit from the ICE file is now also made possible.

The IEC file contains additional information on network elements in order to enable a short circuit

calculation according to IEC 60909. This data is therefore used in addition to the RAW and SEQ file.

Example of an ICE file from PSS E documentation:

1 Q1 2

5 Q2 2

6 G3 1 10.5 0.0 0.8

41 G1 1 21.0 0.0 0.85 0 1 4 41 0 T1 12

31 G2 1 10.5 7.5 0.9 0 2 3 31 0 T2

0 / END OF GSU, EQV, GEN, AND INDUCTION MACHINE DATA

0 / END OF TRANSFORMER DATA

7 M1 1 0.88 97.5

7 M2 2 0.89 96.8

7 M3 2 0.89 96.8

0 / END OF INDUCTION MACHINE DATA

The selection of the IEC file is now possible in the PSS E import Wizard. If selected, the additional

information is imported from the file and assigned to PSS SINCAL network elements.


Release Information

April 2018 44/57

3 PSS®NETOMAC

3.1 User Interface

3.1.1 Enhanced Functions for Network Browsers

The implementation in the network browser was optimized in order to improve speed in large

networks. The information on the topology display in the browser is created with the calculation core.

This reads in the complete data set and prepares it internally in the same way as with the load flow

calculation. However, no calculation is carried out but only the topology information is extracted. The

processing and visualization of the topology information were extensively optimized in order to also

enable efficient use with large networks.

Indication Whether the Content is Up-to-Date in the Network Browser

The content of the network browser is not updated automatically because the process can take a

long time and would mostly disturb normal operations. A button is therefore provided in the toolbar

for manual updating. To better indicate whether the topology shown in the browser is up-to-date, the

Symbol for updating is marked accordingly. If the input data is newer, this is indicated by the color

of the symbol.

Network browser with up-to-date content:

Network browser with out-of-date content:

Synchronizing Network Browser with Table

It has already been possible to activate a filter in the table via the pop-up menu. This filters the data

in the table so that it matches the elements/nodes marked in the network browser. The use of the

filter is unchanged, however, a new function is also provided in the table that enables an automatic

synchronization/filtering of the data volume with the selection in the network browser.

Activating the new Filter with Network Browser function in the toolbar of the table synchronizes the

display in the table with the node marked in the network browser. As soon as the selection in the

network browser is changed, the table is also filtered again. This thus enables very convenient

analysis of input data and results in the PSS NETOMAC user interface.


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3.1.2 Enhancements in the Diagram System

In response to the wishes of many users, the possibility was provided to transfer several signals from

the Signal Explorer to a diagram at the same time. A new display form was provided in the Signal

Explorer which can be activated via the pop-up menu.

If multiple selection is activated, check boxes are displayed in front of the signals in the browser.

These then enable the simple activation of the signals to be transferred. The signals are transferred

in the same way as before by drag and drop. If the mode for multiple selection is active, this transfers

all selected signals to the diagram. Multiple selection can also be deactivated again at any time. In

this case the signal explorer functions exactly in the same way as before.

Modification of the Export Function for Matlab Level4 Files

PSS NETOMAC can export the signals of the simulation in the Matlab Level4 format. The

implementation had been carried out exactly in accordance with the Matlab description, however, the

file could not be read in Matlab. The analysis by Matlab Support of the files created by

PSS NETOMAC has shown that the files were completely correct. However, Matlab was not able to

read in the signal names correctly from the info string of the Level4 file. The export format was

therefore adapted so that this can also be processed by Matlab. For this purpose, the signals are not

exported as a matrix as before, but in the form of a sequence of individual column vectors. The

designation of the signals in the file is changed so that they match the variable names permitted by

Matlab.

Setting Default Fonts for Diagrams

A further enhancement in the diagram system is the setting of default fonts for diagram titles and

diagram text. These could previously only be set individually for each diagram but not predefined


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globally. The possibility for global presetting was therefore provided in the Options dialog box at

Editors and Views – Diagram View.

The fonts set in the dialog box are used in all newly created diagrams. The button directly behind the

font selection enables the settings made to also be assigned to all the diagrams already present in

the project.

3.1.3 Snippets in the Text Editor

The snippets in the text editor have been available in PSS NETOMAC for some years. These are a

practical tool to simplify the editing of NET and MAC files. This version now provides many new

snippets for network elements and frequently used model types.

Snippets are small text modules that can be inserted at the cursor position in the Editor. The insertion

is done here either with the key combination CTRL + Space or via the context menu. A small

selection list is then opened out in which the required text module can be selected.

The available snippets can also be changed or extended at any time. Text modules are managed via

Edit – Advanced – Manage Snippets.


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3.1.4 Improvements in the Model Editor

Updating of Symbols

The symbols of the RI/AA and AA/RI blocks were revised. The inputs are now real/imaginary or

amount/angle and they are aligned according to the output block.

Save Model Graphic as EMF File

As with the diagrams, the possibility was also provided to save the graphic for the models as an EMF

file in vector graphics format so that this can be further used in other programs. The save function is

linked via File – Export – Model Graphic.

The direct copying of the graphic to the Clipboard via Edit – Copy Graphic is also possible, in order

to make insertion in other applications as simple as possible.

Enhanced Functions in the Pop-Up Menu

The pop-up menu in the Model editor was enhanced to further simplify the editing of models.

New functions for mirroring the symbol are provided here in the Rotate submenu, as well as a

function for inserting a Take-Off Point in an existing connection. This inserts the take-off point in a

connection at the corresponding mouse position where the pop-up menu was opened. All

connections that have the same output of a block and are located at the insert position are connected

with the take-off point.

Deactivating Blocks

The Disable Block function is also new in the pop-up menu. This enables the complete deactivation

of blocks present in the model.


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The deactivated blocks are retained with all parameters, but are not accepted in the active function

section of the model when the XMAC file is saved, and are therefore also completely ignored during

processing. The idea here is to simplify the creation of models, since it is then not always necessary

to create all blocks again with the parameters. Deactivated blocks are indicated in gray.

New Toolbars for the Model Editor

The new Graphic Objects and Layout toolbars are provided for the model editor. These contain the

most important basic elements for editing the model graphics.

Besides the predefined toolbars, it is also possible to create user-defined toolbars in order to have

the most frequently used functions readily accessible. The creation of user-defined toolbars can be

activated via View – Toolbars – Customize.

Enhanced Scroll Functions with Mouse Wheel

The functions for scrolling the picture section in the Model Editor were enhanced.

If the "Normal" mouse mode is activated in the options, vertical scrolling is possible by turning the

mouse wheel, and horizontal scrolling by holding down the SHIFT key at the same time. The zoom

level can be changed by using the CTRL key and the mouse wheel.

3.1.5 Encryption of Models

This function enables models to be encrypted. This enables the complete use of the model although

its internal structure cannot be analyzed. In other words, the model works like a BlackBox with

defined inputs and outputs.

The encryption is available both for MAC as well as XMAC models. As these models are processed

and created differently, different methods for encryption are also available here:

• The MAC models are encrypted via Tools – Conversions – Encode Controller File. The


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unencrypted MAC file as well as another MAC file for outputting the encrypted MAC model are

selected in a dialog box.

• To encrypt XMAC models, the unencrypted model must be opened in the Model Editor. The

XMAC file can then be exported in encrypted form via File – Export – Encoded Model.

3.2 Calculation Methods

3.2.1 Enhancements in Eigenvalue Analysis

Enhanced Mode Filtering with Dialog Box

The evaluation functions for eigenvalue analysis and for showing mode activities and residues are

based on the modes preselected in the S plane diagram. In order to also enable users to make a

more precise selection here, a dialog box is provided that enables the range for the modes examined

to be selected by entering limit values for sigma and frequency/omega.

The possibility to only include the modes located to the right of the selected zeta line is also provided

as an option. The appropriate modes are displayed in a list in the dialog box for better controllability,

and the range selection is transferred as an interactive scale to the Mode Distribution diagram by

clicking the Apply button.

Polar Diagram for Mode Activities

A new visualization form is provided for mode activities as a polar diagram. This shows all modes

selected in the S plane diagram in automatically generated diagram pages. Each of these diagram

pages contains polar diagrams of the left and right eigenvector in relation to the selected state

variables for up to 4 eigenvalues.

The creation of the diagram pages is started by clicking the Eigenvectors button in the calculation


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window for the mode activities.

Click the Eigenvectors button with the CTRL key held down at the same time to activate an

alternative display form if required, in which each mode is shown on a separate diagram page.

Enhanced Function for Analyzing State Variables

State variables now indicate whether the state variable is a real or augmented state variable. It is

now possible to activate an option in the simulation window so that only the real state variables are

output to the table for analysis.


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3.2.2 Improvements for G Types

Enhanced Info in Log File for G Lines

If the set reactive power limits for a G line are reached, this will be logged with a message in the log

file.

Switching off of Generators in DIS File

This function enables generators in the simulation to be completely deactivated via a switch-off in the

DIS file, so that the effects of the network model can be analyzed without generators.

This uses the generator branch name (UID) for identification in the DIS file. If this branch is set to a

high impedance due to the presence of a disturbance type, the generator state variables and the

associated BOSL controller are also removed from the calculation. A reconnection is not possible.

G-Line in the Load Flow and GNE-Y and GNE-PQ Models in Simulation

The use of GNE-Y and GNE-P/Q models in the load flow very often causes convergence problems if

these models are required to control the voltages of nodes. The voltage control in the load flow

operates considerably better with a PV type, however GNE-Y and GNE-P/Q models should mostly

be used for the simulation in the time range.

The possibility was therefore provided to assign a GNE-Y or GNE-PQ model to a PV type (G-line). If

present, the element functions as a voltage source in the load flow according to the settings.

However, in the simulation in the time range a controlled admittance is activated.

To prevent conflicts with old projects, these controllers linked to G-lines must be used with sections.

The following example shows how the connection must be carried out:


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The BOSL models are assigned to the G-lines in the load flow by the matching of the element name.

With BOSL models running in the load flow, the output of the controller can be applied to already

existing elements. However, this is not possible with BOSL models after the load flow, as the basic

values (P0/Q0) are not present. A ">" must therefore be entered in all OUTPUT blocks in column 26.

This forces the output values to be fed in directly to the network.

The controller must have a block by which the output value known after the load flow can be updated

iteratively. The SETP-ACT block can be used for this. With a SETP-ACT block the iterative reference

value definition must be HZ6 <> 0 and HZ4 must show the name of the block in which the target

value is formed.

BOSL models after the load flow always have two output values – real and imaginary. HZ4 must

therefore specify to which of the two output values the SETP-ACT block is to be applied. In the

example above this is the reactive power that is written to output X.

The other output value must be permanently set. The OUTPUT_1 and OUTPUT_2 variables are

useful for this. These are used to write the target values of the controller after the load flow. This

value can be assigned in the BOSL_INIT block to the output value. In the example this is Output R,

which contains the active power.

3.2.3 Enhanced Load Flow Control with BOSL

This new function enables the load flow iteration and also the testing of the convergence criteria to

be controlled via BOSL. The actual idea here is to link the behavior of BOSL models to the load flow

iterations. Models can then only intervene in the load flow or stop the ending of the load flow

calculation after its actual convergence if secondary conditions are not fulfilled.

The following new status variables are provided for this in BOSL:

• BOSL_LFS

This variable indicates whether the convergence criteria were fulfilled when the load flow

iteration was called.

• BOSL_CTL

This variable enables the load flow iterations to be controlled. If BOSL_CTL is set to a value > 0,

for example 25, further load flow iterations are carried out (i.e. 25), even if the accuracy settings

have been reached. If the parameter is set to a value < 0, the load flow is considered to be

convergent.

• BOSL_LFI

This variable contains the current number of already completed load flow iterations.

The following evaluation controller shows the function.


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In the example, 10 additional iterations are forced when the convergence in the load flow is reached.

If the load flow has not achieved the preset convergence criteria within 100 iterations, this is

nevertheless considered as convergent.

3.2.4 Enhancement for Active Frequency Response

The active frequency response can now also be used without a PZD file. If no PZD file is present, all

values from the PLO file are included automatically.

3.2.5 Improved Signal Recording with a Line

In order to debug the XMAC models a new function was provided in PSS NETOMAC 14.0 that

enables all signals of a model to be plotted automatically. This uses a-line in the PLO file, which

outputs all signals of the selected model to the RES file.

The function is very practical for debugging the models, but were of no use in diagrams. This is

because the signals in the diagrams are identified with unique numbers from the PLO file. However,

these numbers are generated automatically with the a-line. If changes were then made in the model,


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the generated numbers changed and the signals were incorrectly assigned in the diagram.

To solve this problem, the management and identification of signals in the diagram system were

revised. In addition to the identification via the signal numbers, improved processing is also now

possible using the T, N1, N2, N3 attributes from the PLO file. These attributes are now also saved in

the RES file and are used in the diagrams for identification if the signals are dynamically generated.

The enhancement is also useful for "old" plot definitions, in which the signals are likewise created

with automatically generated unique signal numbers. These are then correctly assigned in the

diagram even if the generated signal number changes.

3.2.6 New BOSL Blocks

New Deadband Block

The new DEADBD2 block has the behavior stipulated in the grid code:

HZ1 < x < HZ2 y = 0

x <= HZ1 y = x – HZ1

x >= HZ2 y = x – HZ2

The previous block DEADBD is still available unchanged.

New Input Block for Active Frequency Response

The new FrqExcite input block for the active frequency response enables use also with XMAC

models:


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3.2.7 Enhancements for NSN File

An NSN file contains the completely stationary calculated network model in one file. This eliminates

the need to carry out a load flow calculation before a dynamic simulation or eigenvalue analysis. This

also enables the initial values for a load flow calculation to be set.

The connection of NSN files in PSS NETOMAC was also enhanced. The previously available SN file

with initial load flow values is no longer supported. The information it contained is now completely

provided in the NSN file. The NSN file can thus be used as a start assistance for the load flow as well

as for completely replacing it.

The use of the NSN file in the load flow can be controlled by the calculation settings. The relevant

options are provided in the Control tab of Load Flow:

• Load Flow Initial Values from SV File

This option uses the data generated as part of a DVG or PSS E import as initial values for the

load flow calculation.

• Load Flow Initial Values from NSN File

This option enables the node voltages from the NSN file to be used as initial settings for the load

flow.

• Load Flow Solution from NSN File


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This option prevents the execution of a load flow calculation in PSS NETOMAC. The complete

load flow solution is read from the NSN file.

Zero-Phase Sequence Data in NSN File

This new function also enables the zero-phase sequence data of the network to be defined in the

NSN file. This is necessary in order to be able to also calculate asymmetrical processes with

symmetrical components.

For this the NSN file was provided with the following additional sections in which the zero-phase

sequence data can be defined.

• Nodes:ZPS

Contains the zero-phase sequence data of the node, structure is the same as with positive-

phase sequence data.

• Branches:ZPS

Contains the zero-phase sequence data of the branches, structure is the same as with positive-

phase sequence data.

The following illustration shows the complete structure of an NSN file (yellow highlight indicates the

new sections for zero-phase sequence data):


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3.2.8 Improvements for Torsion Calculation

The algorithms for torsion calculation were revised in the area for determining modal factors by

means of transformation matrices, in order to also enable analyses with more complex systems with

a considerably higher order.

release notes 14 - simtec

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