related issue 1 related issue 1: to what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity? to...

Key Issue: To what extent should we

embrace an ideology?Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity?

To what extent are ideology and

identity interrelated?

To what extent are individualism/collectivism and identity interrelated?

1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)

Personal Identity is the idea that you have of yourself as a unique individual.

Collective Identity is one that you share with a group of people as a member of a large social group such as a linguistic, faith, cultural, or ethic group.

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?

What is Identity?


Shaped by our beliefs and values – it’s what we value as important

Influenced by:


What is Identity?

Media

Government

Religion

Language

Culture

Personal experience

Group experience

Beliefs

Values

Family

Gender

Relationship to land / environ.


Take 15 minutes to look over the handout concerning values and beliefs.

Read the sources and respond to the questions below.

Factors that influence beliefs and values

Express one’s point of view as well as a collective’s perspective

They impact your identity It’s important to recognize beliefs and values

are not universal truths ◦ Just because one believes something, doesn’t

make it necessarily right (Apartheid in South Africa)

We need to be able to negotiate with the beliefs and values of others (especially in a democracy) – acceptance of others


Beliefs & values…


A set of principles / ideas to explain our world and our place in it

Helps us answer questions What are humans like?

(human nature – good, evil, neutral) Why do humans act the way they do?

(act based on beliefs and values) What is our role as individuals in society?

(act individually or collectively; expectations placed on citizens is determined by their country’s ideology)

What is the nature of society? (more individualist or collectivist)

To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?What is an ideology?


IDEOLOGY

a set of principles or ideas that explains your world and your place within it, which is based on certain assumptions about human nature and society and provides an interpretation of the past, an explanation of the present and a vision for the future.

Characteristics of an ideology The answers an ideology provides to these

questions form the characteristics of that ideology. Each ideology have these characteristics:

1. The nature of human nature: beliefs about how and why people act. Are they good or bad? Do they look out for the whole or just themselves?

2. The structure of society: Social, economic, political structures


What is an ideology?


Characteristics of an Ideology

3. Interpretations of history: The events of our past tend to influence the beliefs and values that we hold

4. Visions of the future: Visions of how the world should be in the future, which will guide the actions of the people who embrace the ideology.




Please complete the Ideology In History worksheet. Please hand in at the front of the class!




Themes of Ideologies



Nation

Class

Race

Environment and

Relationship to land

Gender

Religion

1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)

Blueprint for a society – how should we live together, what is expected of us

Ideologies lead people to make judgments◦ Certain actions on issues are correct (either with

us or against us)◦ Certain actions on issues are incorrect (terrorists

vs. freedom fighters)



Ideologies determine our behaviour and actions

◦ Radical, reactionary, moderate

◦ Communist, utopian socialist, social democrat, liberalist, conservative, fascist

◦ Acceptance of authority versus rights to dissent

◦ Spectrums on acceptance / rejection of …

Change, use of violence, protection of individual rights, protection of collective rights



Ideology is not static!

◦ Beliefs change over time

◦ Impacted/influenced by other ideologies Immigrants challenge cultural uniformity Challenges to racism


We embrace ideologies that match our beliefs / values

Once an ideology is accepted, people may examine and re-interpret their own life according to the ideology

Our ideology impacts our actions, choices, perspective on the world, and how we relate to others

How does ideology impact identity?


Please take 30 minutes to complete the ANALYZING ONES IDENTITY worksheet, and please hand in after you have completed it.

Analyzing ones identity


To what extent are individualism andcollectivism foundations of ideologies?

Exploring Individualism:1. The Roots of Individualism in History2. Individualism can be:

1. Political2. Economic 3. Social

Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity?

1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)

The Emergence of Individualism in Society

The Renaissance

Medieval Society The

Enlightenment• Very little individualism

• Society was under feudalism

• Religion had a lot of control over society

• Important development: the Magna Carta

500 - 1300 1300s - 1600 1600s – 1700s

The Renaissance


http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/20749-living-history-life-in-medieval-europe-video.htm

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5377-the-american-revolution-the-magna-carta-video.htm


The Renaissance

Medieval Society

The Enlightenment

500 - 1300 1300s - 1600 1600s – 1700s

• There is a renewed interest in the individual

• But, people did not possess rights or freedoms. Some enjoyed privileges

The Renaissance

• There is a renewed interest in the individual

• But, most people did not possess rights or freedoms.


http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/27354-exploring-the-renaissance-the-dawn-of-the-renaissance-video.htm

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/27354-exploring-the-renaissance-the-dawn-of-the-renaissance-video.htm


The Renaissance

Medieval Society The

Enlightenment

500 - 1300 1300s - 1600 1600s – 1700s

• Europe undergoes significant change

• First scientists, then philosophers, explore the idea of “natural law”

• This is the Age of Reason

The Renaissance


http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/18264-all-about-the-enlightenment-enlightenment-philosophers-video.htm

LIBERALISM emerges in the 1700’s

Liberalism is an ideology based on the importance of individual liberty.

◦ The American Revolution (1776) & the French Revolution (1789) are fought for the liberal ideas of individual rights and freedoms.

A liberal democracy guarantees the rights and freedoms of its citizens.


Political Liberalism all members of society should enjoy the

same rights and freedoms. Participation in government (democracy) is

one important right. Rights and freedoms should be guaranteed

by law.


Economic Liberalism

Individuals should have the right to property, and government should not interfere in the economy (the market).

The individual decisions of buyers and sellers should shape the economy, not the actions of government.


Social Liberalism All members of society are equals and

should be treated as such, regardless of individual differences.

All people should have the same access to society’s rights, freedoms, and quality of life.


Private Property Rule of Law Individual rights and Freedom Competition Economic Freedom Self Interest

Principles of Individualism


Exploring Collectivism

To what extent are individualism andcollectivism foundations of ideologies?

• The principles of collectivism are the foundation of ideologies such as communism and socialism.

• Most liberal democracies today have incorporated aspects of collectivism into their political, economic, and social systems

1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collectiveresponsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,public property)

Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

27

The Principles of Collectivism

Public PropertyResponsibility (collective) Interests (collective)Norms (adherence to the collective)Co operationEconomic Equality

1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collectiveresponsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,public property)


28

Economic Equality may mean… People with larger incomes should pay

more taxes All people should earn equal wages for

work of similar nature A Guaranteed annual income (GAI) All people should share in the wealth of the

country People should own the means of production

collectively Everything should be free - no private

property 1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collectiveresponsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,public property)


29

Progressive Taxation In Canada we have tried to bring about

more economic equality (redistribute the wealth) by introducing Progressive Taxation.

Progressive Taxation means that people who earn more money are taxed at a higher rate.

1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism

30

1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of

individualism and collectivism

Karl Marx believed in “abolition of private property” in his Communist Manifesto that argued that workers should profit from their own labour. Thus, in a communist state, all industries are controlled by the state for the common good.

Liberal democratic countries such as Canada also may have public property - such as National parks, schools, roads, libraries, Crown land and Crown corporations.


31

Via Rail, CBC, and Canada Post, are examples of Crown Corporations maintained with public money raised through taxation.

Crown Corporations in Canada



32

Social Programs and Public Services

Canada is a good example of a society in which individualist and collectivist values are used side by side.

While we have individual rights and freedoms, the rule of law and economic freedom, we also benefit from a wide variety of social programs and public services provided by our government, such as health care, employment insurance, welfare, and public education.


When speaking of individualism and collectivism, people sometimes try to suggest that the two viewpoints are incompatible.

While there are times that they are at odds, there are often aspects that compliment each other.

Sometimes individualism and collectivism work together for the common good of society.

Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism


Americans are well known for their emphasis on the principle of individualism

Even so, the majority of North Americans believe that government should provide help to those who need it, and idea that is essentially collectivist


Attitudes about Individualism and Collectivism in N. America

Unite

d St

ates

Canad

a62%

63%

64%

65%

66%

believe people deter-mine their own success in life

Europe

United States

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

believe the government should sup-ply a 'safety net'

Social capital is the strength of social relationships between individuals

Some researchers have claimed that increased individualism in a society leads to an increased sense of commitment to the collective

Indications lead us to believe that individualism and collectivism are not opposing concepts


Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism: Entrepreneurialism-people pursue success

individually but successful businesses do things beneficial to the collective like provide jobs or do positive things

Social Programs- A country like Canada can be individualistic but also has social programs (health care, welfare, etc) that provide for all

NGOs- these are created with specific goals in mind to benefit the community but are also privately created and funded

Read the other examples on pages 90-95.

Balancing Individual Needs With the Public/Common Good

Smoking Ban, Cell Phone Ban, Curfews, Etc.

In groups of 3-4, using the examples above, write a statement in which you respond to the following:

How does our society balance the needs of individuals with those of the public good?

For each of the issues, be sure to include a list of:

Societies needs

Individuals needs

A balanced response

Political & Economic Spectrums and Ideologies

What is a political and/or economic spectrum?

A political (economic) spectrum is a way of modeling different political (economic) positions by placing them upon one or more

geometric axes symbolizing independent political (economic) dimensions

What might these spectrums include? Examples?PoliticalRight WingLeft Wing

CommunismSocialismFascism

DictatorshipsConservatism

Liberalism

EconomicCentrally Planned

Laissez FaireFree MarketCommandCapitalism

CollectivismIndividualism

Lets take a look…

Take a Spectrum Test

Or This Short One

http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/sspes/index.html?launch=true

http://www.politicalcompass.org/

http://712educators.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&zTi=1&sdn=712educators&cdn=education&tm=16&gps=417_389_1436_678&f=10&tt=14&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http://www.self-gov.org/quiz.html

related issue 1 related issue 1: to what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity? to...

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