regulations and that

8/19/2019 Regulations and That

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OFCOM

The Ofce o Communications ,commonly known as Ocom, is thegovernment-approved regulatory and competition authority for thebroadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the nited!ingdom"

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecompostal sectors" #t has a statutory duty to represent the interests of cit

and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public fharmful or o%ensive material"

&ome of the main areas Ofcom presides over are licensing, research,and policies, complaints, competition and protecting the radio spectrfrom abuse 'e"g" pirate radio stations("

The regulator was initially established by the O)ce of Communicatio++ and received its full authority from the Communications *ct +



.#/0. .*1&

Modern libel and slander laws, as implemented in many 'but all( Commonwealth nations as well as in the nited &tates anthe 2epublic of #reland, are originally descended from 0nglishdefamation law" The history of defamation law in 0ngland issomewhat obscure3 civil actions for damages seem to have brelatively fre4uent as far back as the reign of 0dward # '5+6+7

56(, though it is unknown whether any generally applicablecriminal process was in place" The 8rst fully reported case in wlibel is a)rmed generally to be punishable at common law watried during the reign of 9ames # '5:;6-5;+:(" &cholars fre4ueattribute the strict 0nglish defamation law to 9ames #<s outlawduelling" From that time, we 8nd both the criminal and civilremedies in full operation"



COM=T02 M#&&0 *CT5>> The Computer Misuse Act 1990 is an *ct of the =arliamentnited !ingdom, introduced partly in response to the decisionv Gold & Schifreen '5>??( 5 *C 5; " Critics of the bill compthat it was introduced hastily and was poorly thought out" #ntthey said, was often di)cult to prove, and that the bill inade4di%erentiated @Aoyriding@ hackers like Bold and &chifreen from

serious computer criminals" The *ct has nonetheless becomemodel from which several other countries, including Canada athe 2epublic of #reland, have drawn inspiration when subse4udrafting their own information security laws, as it is seen @as robust and eDible piece of legislation in terms of dealing withcybercrimeE" &everal amendments have been passed to keep*ct up to date"



2*C0 #&C2#M#G*T#OG *CT

The Race Relations Act 1965 was the 8rst legislation inthe nited !ingdom to address racial discrimination"

The *ct outlawed discrimination on the @grounds of colour, raethnic or national origins@ in public places"

#t also prompted the creation of The 2ace 2elations /oard 'in

to consider complaints under the *ct"

The ! saw an inuD of economic migrants after 1orld 1ar ##from the Commonwealth countries" The Museum of .ondon stthat @casual Hcolour preAudiceI was part of daily life@ for many5>:?, .ondon saw the Gotting Jill riots, and in 5>; the /risto/oycott occurred"



G01& CO2=O2*T#OG

The original News Corporation or News Corp. was an*merican multinational mass media corporation head4uartereGew Kork City" #t was the world<s fourth-largest media group inin terms of revenue" /oard members include prominentformer &panish prime minister 9ose Maria *$nar"

Gews Corporation was a publicly traded company listed onthe G*&*" Formerly incorporated in *delaide, &outh *ustrathe company was re-incorporated under elaware BeneralCorporation .aw after a maAority of shareholders approved thmove on 5+ Govember +L" Gews Corporation was head4uaat 5+55 *venue of the *mericas, Gew Kork, in the newer 5>;5>6s corridor of the 2ockefeller Centre compleD"



2=02T M2OCJ

Keith Rupert Muroch 'born 55 March 5>5( is an *ustralian born,*merican media proprietor" Murdoch became managing director of*ustralia<s Gews .imited, inherited from his father &ir !eith *rthur Murdoch in5>:+" Je is the founder, chairman and C0O of global media holdingcompany Gews Corporation, the world<s second-largest media conglomerate,and its successors Gews Corp and +5st Century FoD after the conglomeratesplit on +? 9une +5"

n 9uly +55, Murdoch faced allegations that his companies, including theNews

of the World , owned by Gews Corporation, had been regularly hacking thephones of celebrities, royalty and public citi$ens" Je faces police andgovernment investigations into bribery and corruption by the /ritishgovernment and F/# investigations in the "&" On +5 9uly +5+, Murdochresigned as a director of Gews #nternational" On 5 9uly +5:, Murdoch left hispost as C0O of +5st Century FoD" Murdoch and his family owns both +5stCentury FoD and Gews Corp through the Murdoch Family Trust"

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