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Agriculture and Forestry in the Wide Bay region of Queensland, 2014

Research by the Australian Bureau of Agriculturaland Resource Economics and Sciences

About my region 14.34December 2014

Agriculture and Forestry in the Wide Bay region of Queensland, 2014 ABARES

© Commonwealth of Australia 2014

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ABARES 2014, Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in the Wide Bay region of Queensland 2014, About my region 14.34, Canberra, December. CC BY 3.0.

ISSN TBAISBN 978-1-74323-097-8ABARES project 43009

Internet

Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in the Wide Bay region of Queensland 2014 is available at agriculture.gov.au/abares.

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES)

Postal address GPO Box 858 Canberra ACT 2601Switchboard +61 2 6272 3933Facsimile +61 2 6272 2001Email [email protected] agriculture.gov.au/abares

Inquiries about the licence and any use of this document should be sent to [email protected].

The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture, represented by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, has exercised due care and skill in preparing and compiling the information and data in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Department of Agriculture, ABARES, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including for negligence and for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law.

Acknowledgements

ABARES relies on the voluntary cooperation of farmers participating in the annual Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey, Australian Dairy Industry Survey, and Australian Vegetable Growing Farms Survey to provide data used in the preparation of this report. Without their help, these surveys would not be possible. ABARES farm survey staff collected most of the information presented in this report through on-farm interviews with farmers.

This regional profile was updated by Therese Thompson, Haydn Valle and Sharan Singh.

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Contents1 Regional overview.................................................................................................................................. 1

Employment.............................................................................................................................................. 12 Agriculture sector................................................................................................................................... 3

Value of agricultural production......................................................................................................3Number and type of farms.................................................................................................................. 3Farm financial performance—Queensland.................................................................................5

3 Forestry sector.......................................................................................................................................12

References........................................................................................................................................................... 13

TablesTable 1 Number of farms, by industry classification, 2012–13......................................................4

Table 2 Financial performance, Queensland broadacre industries, 2011–12 to 2013–14, average per farm..................................................................................................................................... 6

Table 3 Farm cash income of Queensland broadacre farms, by region, 2012–13 to 2013–14, average per farm..............................................................................................................................7

Table 4 Financial performance, Queensland dairy industry, 2011–12 to 2013–14, average per farm...................................................................................................................................10

Table 5 Physical and financial performance, vegetable growing farm businesses, Queensland, 2012–13 and 2013–14............................................................................................11

FiguresFigure 1 Employment profile, Wide Bay region, August 2014.......................................................2

Figure 2 Value of agricultural production, Wide Bay region, Queensland, 2012–13...........3

Figure 3 Distribution of farms by estimated value of agricultural operations, Wide Bay, Queensland, 2012–13............................................................................................................................4

Figure 4 Real farm cash income, broadacre industries, average per farm................................6

Figure 5 Real farm cash income, grains industry, average per farm............................................8

Figure 6 Real farm cash income, beef industry, average per farm................................................9

Figure 7 Real farm cash income, dairy industry, average per farm...........................................10

Figure 8 Real farm cash income, vegetable growing farm businesses, Queensland, 2005–06 to 2013–14........................................................................................................................................ 11

Figure 8 Area of native forest, by tenure...............................................................................................12

MapsMap 1 Wide Bay region of Queensland.....................................................................................................1

Map 2 Australian broadacre zones and regions....................................................................................7


1 Regional overviewThe Wide Bay region of Queensland is located in the south-east of the state (Map 1). The region comprises the five local government areas of Bundaberg, Fraser Coast, Gympie, North Burnett, and South Burnett, and the major regional towns of Bundaberg, Eidsvold, Gympie, Maryborough and Torquay. The region covers a total area of around 48 500 square kilometres, or 3 per cent of Queensland’s total area, and is home to approximately 273 300 people (ABS 2011).

Agricultural land in the Wide Bay region occupies 33 280 square kilometres, or 69 per cent of the region. Areas classified as conservation and natural environments (nature conservation, protected areas and minimal use) occupy 7710 square kilometres, or 16 per cent of the region. The most common land use by area is grazing modified pastures which occupies 18 340 square kilometres or 38 per cent of the Wide Bay region.

Map 1 Wide Bay region of Queensland

EmploymentAustralian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data from 2014 indicate that around 106 400 people were employed in the Wide Bay region. The Wide Bay region accounts for 5 per cent of total employment in Queensland and 22 per cent of all people employed in the Queensland agriculture, forestry and fishing sector.

Health care and social assistance was the largest employing sector (Figure 1), with 14 800 people. The agriculture, forestry and fishing sector was the second largest employment sector with 11 900 people, representing 22 per cent of the region’s workforce. Other important employment sectors were manufacturing (8886 people), and education and training (8364 people).

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Figure 1 Employment profile, Wide Bay region, August 2014

- 5 10 15 20

Arts and Recreation ServicesWholesale Trade

Administrative and Support ServicesFinancial and Insurance Services

Rental, Hiring and Real Estate ServicesInformation Media and Telecommunications

Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste ServicesMining

Professional, Scientific and Technical ServicesTransport, Postal and Warehousing

Other ServicesPublic Administration and Safety

ConstructionAccommodation and Food Services

ManufacturingRetail Trade

Education and TrainingAgriculture, Forestry and Fishing

Health Care and Social Assistance

Employed total ('000 )

Note: Annual average of the preceding 4 quarters.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, cat. no. 6291.0, Labour Force, Australia

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2 Agriculture sectorValue of agricultural productionIn 2012–13 the gross value of agricultural production (GVAP) in the Wide Bay region was $1 billion, which was 10 per cent of the total gross value of agricultural production in Queensland ($10 billion). This is the most recent year for which ABS data are available.

The Wide Bay region has a diverse and important agricultural sector. The most important commodity in the Wide Bay region based on the gross value of agricultural production was vegetables (Figure 2). In 2012–13, vegetables contributed 23 per cent ($239 million) to the value of agricultural production in the region, with the major crops being tomatoes ($90 million), potatoes ($25 million), and beans ($20 million). Cattle and calves contributed 23 per cent ($207 million), fruit and nuts (excluding grapes) account for 23 per cent ($226 million), sugar cane accounted for 13 per cent ($140 million) of the total value, with nurseries, cut flowers and turf 5 per cent ($56 million) and pigs 5 per cent ($52 million).

In 2012–13, the Wide Bay region accounted for almost 98 per cent of the total value of Queensland mandarin production, 85 per cent of the total value of macadamia production, 75 per cent of the total value of orange production, and 66 per cent of the total value of peanut production.

Figure 2 Value of agricultural production, Wide Bay region, Queensland, 2012–13

$m 50 100 150 200 250

Other

Barley

Sorghum

Grapes

Maize

Poultry

Wheat

Hay

Milk

Pigs

Nurseries, cut flowers and turf

Sugar cane

Fruit and nuts (excluding grapes)

Cattle and calves

Vegetables

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, cat. no. 7503.0, Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia

Number and type of farmsABS data indicate that in 2012–13 there were 4356 farms in the Wide Bay region with an estimated value of agricultural operations of more than $5000 (Table 1). The region contains 16 per cent of all farm businesses in Queensland.

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Table 1 Number of farms, by industry classification, 2012–13Industry Classification Wide Bay region Queensland

no. % no. %

Beef Cattle 2 360 54 12 741 48

Sugar cane 386 9 2 912 11

Fruit and nuts 322 7 1 630 6

Vegetable 191 4 932 4

Other livestock 153 4 811 3

Other Crop growing 131 3 485 2

Mixed grains and livestock 121 3 1 060 4

Dairy 91 2 634 2

Grain growing 69 2 1 315 5

Nurseries, Cut Flowers and Turf 51 1 367 1

Other 482 11 3 655 14

Total Agriculture 4 356 100 26 541 100

Note: Estimated value of agricultural operations greater than $5000.Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics

Farms are classified in Table 1 according to the activities that generate most of their value of production. Beef cattle (2360 farms) were the most common, accounting for 54 per cent of all farms in the Wide Bay region, and 19 per cent of all beef cattle farms in Queensland.

There is a large percentage of small farms in the region in terms of their value of agricultural output. Estimated value of agricultural operations (EVAO) is a measure of the value of production from farms and a measure of their business size. Around 48 per cent of farms in the Wide Bay region had an EVAO of less than $50 000 (Figure 3). These farms accounted for only 6 per cent of the total value of agricultural operations in 2012–13. In comparison, 13 per cent of farms in the region had an EVAO of more than $350 000 and accounted for an estimated 67 per cent of the total value of agricultural operations in the region in 2012–13.

Figure 3 Distribution of farms by estimated value of agricultural operations, Wide Bay, Queensland, 2012–13

%

10

20

30

40

50

< $50k $50k to $150k $150k to $350k $350k to $500k $500k to $1 m > $1 m

Share of farms Share of value of agricultural operations

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics

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Farm financial performance—QueenslandEach year, ABARES interviews Australian broadacre, dairy and vegetable producers as part of its annual survey program. Broadacre industries covered in this survey include the grains, grains–livestock, sheep, beef and sheep–beef industries. The information collected is a basis for analysing the current financial position of farms in these industries and expected changes in the short term. This paper uses data from the ABARES Australian agricultural and grazing industries survey (AAGIS), Australian dairy industry survey (ADIS), and Australian vegetable growing industry survey to report estimates of financial performance indicators (Box 1) for broadacre, dairy and vegetable farms in Queensland.

Box 1 DefinitionsMajor financial performance indicators Total cash receipts: total revenues received by the business during the financial year. Total cash costs: payments made by the business for materials and services and for permanent and casual hired

labour (excluding owner manager, partner and family labour). Farm cash income: total cash receipts – total cash costs Farm business profit: farm cash income + changes in trading stocks – depreciation – imputed labour costs Profit at full equity: return produced by all the resources used in the business, farm business profit + rent +

interest + finance lease payments – depreciation on leased items Rate of return: return to all capital used, profit at full equity * 100 / total opening capital Equity ratio: Farm capital minus farm debt expressed as a percentage of farm capitalIndustry types Grains: farms mainly engaged in producing broadacre crops such as wheat, coarse grains, oilseeds and pulses, and

including farms running sheep and/or beef cattle in conjunction with substantial broadacre crop activity. Sheep: farms mainly engaged in running sheep. Beef: farms mainly engaged in running beef cattle. Dairy: farms mainly engaged in milk production. Vegetable: farms mainly engaged in growing vegetables.

Performance of broadacre farms—QueenslandFarm cash income for Queensland broadacre farms declined from an estimated average of $91 210 per farm in 2011–12 to an average of $89 700 per farm in 2012–13 (Table 2, Figure 4). The decline in average broadacre farm cash income was mainly a consequence of the onset of dry seasonal conditions resulting in reduced crop production, increased turn-off of beef cattle and high expenditure on fodder purchases. Total receipts from sale of beef cattle declined as a result of lower cattle prices, sheep and wool receipts were also lower while crop receipts increased due to large increases in grain prices, relative to prices 2011–12.

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Figure 4 Real farm cash income, broadacre industries, average per farm

Note: p Preliminary estimate. y Provisional estimate.Source: ABARES Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey

Receipts from beef cattle typically account for around 70 per cent of average total cash receipts for Queensland broadacre farms. In 2013–14, receipts from beef cattle are projected to decline slightly due to lower average prices received for cattle sold and despite a further increase in turnoff in most regions resulting from the continuation of drought conditions. In addition, production of both winter and summer crops declined in 2013–14 reducing crop receipts for Queensland broadacre farms by around 20 per cent on average.

Average total cash costs are projected to increase by around 6 per cent in 2013–14, mainly as a result of a projected increase of around 90 per cent in expenditure on fodder and despite a further decline in beef cattle purchase expenditure and lower expenditure on crop production expenses as the area planted to crops was reduced.

Table 2 Financial performance, Queensland broadacre industries, 2011–12 to 2013–14, average per farm

Performance indicator units 2011–12 2012–13p RSE 2013–14yTotal cash receipts $ 368 520 358 500 (4) 325 000Total cash costs $ 277 310 268 800 (4) 285 000Farm cash income $ 91 210 89 700 (12) 39 000Farms with negative farm cash income % 30 33 (12) 33Farm business profit $ 30 060 –4 900 (171) –77 000Profit at full equity excluding capital appreciation $ 77 390 40 000 (21) –32 000Farm capital at 30 June a $ 4 943 140 4 768 100 (3) naFarm debt at 30 June b $ 576 860 549 900 (8) 586 000Equity ratio b % 88 88 (1) naRate of return excluding capital appreciation c % 1.6 0.8 (21) –0.7Off-farm income of owner manager and spouse b $ 29 740 23 800 (12) na

Note: a Excludes leased plant and equipment. b Average per responding farm. c Rate of return to farm capital at 1 July. p ABARES preliminary estimates. y ABARES provisional estimates. na Not available. RSE Relative standard errors, expressed as a percentage of the estimate provided.Source: ABARES Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey

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Table 3 Farm cash income of Queensland broadacre farms, by region, 2012–13 to 2013–14, average per farm

Region units 2012–13p RSE 2013–14y311: Cape York and the Gulf $ 84 800 (116) 55 000312: West and South West $ 328 000 (34) 54 000313: Central North $ 122 800 (47) - 34 000314: Charleville - Longreach $ 122 100 (29) 73 000321: Eastern Darling Downs $ 65 700 (33) 15 000322: Darling Downs and Central Highlands $ 115 900 (15) 45 000331: South Queensland Coastal $ 17 000 (57) 50 000332: North Queensland Coastal $ 18 100 (82) 49 000

Note: p ABARES preliminary estimates. y ABARES provisional estimates. na Not available. Figures in parentheses are standard errors, expressed as a percentage of the estimate provided.Source: ABARES Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey

Farm cash income for broadacre farms in Queensland is projected to decline to average $39 000 per farm; this is the lowest average farm cash income recorded for Queensland broadacre farms in the 37 years the AAGIS survey has operated and around half the ten-year average to 2012–13.

Reductions in beef cattle numbers and in grain and fodder stocks are expected to result in a further decline in farm business profit, from a loss of $4 900 in 2012–13 to a loss of $77 000 in 2013–14.

Average farm cash incomes are projected to decline in all regions of Queensland in 2013–14 except coastal regions. As cattle numbers reduce, business profit is also expected to be negative in all regions in 2013–14, except for Cape York and the Gulf of Carpentaria (Map 2).

Map 2 Australian broadacre zones and regions

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Performance of grains industry farms—QueenslandFarm cash receipts increased, on average, for Queensland grains industry farms in 2012–13 as a result of higher grain prices and despite reduced production of summer and winter grain, oilseed and pulse crops. Average farm cash income for grains industry farms in Queensland increased to around $179 000 per farm in 2012–13, around double the industry average for the previous 10 years (Figure 5).

In 2013-14, production of both winter and summer crops is estimated to have declined by around one quarter and with only a small increase in grain prices total crop receipts are estimated to have declined by around 15 per cent on average. The reduction in crop receipts is expected to be only partly offset by reduced expenditure on fertiliser, fuel and grain marketing costs and labour costs due to the reduced area planted to crops and reductions in expenditure on repairs and maintenance compared with 2012–13. Farm cash income is projected to decline to average just $32 000 per farm, the lowest farm cash income since 2006–07 when drought also severely reduced incomes for Queensland grains industry farms.

In comparison, farm cash incomes for grains farms nationally are projected to increase to a near record in 2013-14, due mainly to very high grain production in South Australia and Western Australia.

Figure 5 Real farm cash income, grains industry, average per farm


Performance of beef industry farms—QueenslandIn 2012–13 drier seasonal conditions and high beef cattle numbers in northern Australia resulted in an increase in beef cattle turnoff in Queensland. Lower average sale prices for beef cattle more than offset the increase in turnoff to result in a decline in average beef cattle receipts for Queensland beef industry farms. Expenditure on the purchase of fodder more than doubled while expenditure on beef cattle purchases was sharply reduced. Farm cash income for Queensland beef industry farms declined to average $67 000 per farm in 2012–13 (Figure 6).

In 2013-14, expansion of drought conditions is projected to lead to a increase of around 10 per cent in the average number of cattle sold per farm by Queensland beef industry farms. The increase in turn-off is projected to be mostly offset by a reduction in the average sale price received due largely to the sale of cattle in unfinished condition. The modest increase in farm

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receipts is projected to be more than offset by increased expenditure on fodder, fuel and freight costs, resulting in average farm cash income for beef industry farms declining to average $39 000 per farm, or around 50 per cent below the average for the previous 10 years, in real terms (Figure 6).

Figure 6 Real farm cash income, beef industry, average per farm


Reduction in beef cattle numbers resulting from increased cattle turnoff will reduce the value of cattle inventories on Queensland beef industry farms. As a consequence, farm business profit for Queensland beef industry farms is projected to decline to average - $73 000 per farm in 2013–14.

Performance of dairy industry farms— QueenslandIn 2012–13, a reduction in average farmgate milk prices received of around 5 per cent, combined with a reduction in milk production, and an increase of around 8 per cent in total cash costs resulted in farm cash income for Queensland dairy farms declining to average $79 200 per farm.

In 2013–14, average farm cash incomes are projected to remain low for Queensland dairy farms, averaging around $80 000 per farm (Table 4, Figure 7) or around 22 per cent below the industry average for the previous 10 years. Milk production is estimated to have declined and total cash costs to have increased with milk prices for most farms remaining similar to or only slightly above 2013–14 prices. Overall, the proportion of dairy farms recording negative farm cash incomes is projected to increase from around 14 per cent in 2012-13 to around 33 per cent in 2013–14.

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Figure 7 Real farm cash income, dairy industry, average per farm


Table 4 Financial performance, Queensland dairy industry, 2011–12 to 2013–14, average per farm

Performance indicatorunit

s 2011–12 2012–13p RSE 2013–14yTotal cash receipts $ 482 650 456 800 (4) 473 000Total cash costs $ 375 890 377 600 (5) 393 000Farm cash income $ 106 770 79 200 (19) 80 000Farms with negative farm cash income % 11 14 (61) 33Farm business profit $ 20 940 –8 500 (162) –2 000Profit at full equity excluding capital appreciation $ 45 670 18 700 (65) 25 000Farm capital at 30 June a $ 3 125 680 2 875 800 (5) naFarm debt at 30 June b $ 276 490 306 000 (17) 334 000Equity ratio b % 91 89 (2) naRate of return excluding capital appreciation c % 1.5 0.6 (67) 0.9Off-farm income of owner manager and spouse b $ 7 510 17 100 (29) na

Note: a Excludes leased plant and equipment. b Average per responding farm. c Rate of return to farm capital at 1 July. p ABARES preliminary estimates. y ABARES provisional estimates. na Not available. RSE Relative standard errors, expressed as a percentage of the estimate provided.Source: ABARES Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey

Performance of vegetable industry farms—QueenslandNationally in 2013–14, average farm cash income is estimated to have declined to $156 000, 4 per cent lower than in 2012–13. Average to above average seasonal conditions helped growers to maintain the high yields of 2012–13. Overall vegetable production was also higher because the average area planted to vegetable crops increased. However, the resulting increase in vegetable cash receipts was partially offset by lower vegetable prices.

Average farm cash income in Queensland declined 8 per cent in 2012–13 to an average of $165 800 (Table 5), 11 per cent lower than the estimated average farm cash income (in real terms) over the eight years to 2012–13 (Figure 8). Changes in the total quantity of vegetables

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produced were mixed across vegetable types, with increased yields for some vegetables being offset by declines for other vegetables. Greenbeans, an important vegetable crop in Queensland, had much higher prices in 2012–13.

Average farm cash income is estimated to have declined in 2013–14 to $58 000 (Table 5), the lowest estimated farm cash income since ABARES began surveying vegetable growing farm businesses in the state (Figure 8). Crop yields were generally just below average and lower prices for the main vegetables grown in Queensland contributed to reduced average total cash receipts. Average total cash costs also increased as a result of increased expenditure on hired labour associated with planting and harvesting a larger vegetable crop.

Changes in the average area operated and total quantity of vegetables produced in Queensland (Table 5) mask the change in the mix of vegetables grown between 2012–13 and 2013–14. The average quantity produced of the main vegetables, particularly greenbeans and potatoes, declined. However, the average area planted to pumpkins, carrots, cauliflower and greenpeas increased.

Table 5 Physical and financial performance, vegetable growing farm businesses,Queensland, 2012–13 and 2013–14

average per farmSelected estimates units 2012–13 p RSE % Change

from 2011–122013–14 y RSE % Change

from 2012–13Vegetable cash receipts $ 705 000 (18) 10 679 000 (22) –4Area sown to vegetables ha 32.9 (18) –12 35.5 (34) 8Quantity of vegetables produced t 593 (16) –20 714 (27) 20Farm cash income $ 165 800 (30) –8 58 000 (94) –64

Note: p Preliminary estimate. y Provisional estimate. RSE Relative standard errors, expressed as a percentage of the estimate. Updated data for vegetable farm businesses will be available November 2015.Source: ABARES Australian vegetable growing farms survey

Figure 8 Real farm cash income, vegetable growing farm businesses,Queensland, 2005–06 to 2013–14

average per farm

2013–14 $’000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2005

–06

2006

–07

2007

–08

2008

–09

2009

–10

2010

–11

2011

–12

2012

–13

p

2013

–14

y

Note: p Preliminary estimate. y Provisional estimate.Source: ABARES Australian vegetable growing farms survey

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3 Forestry sectorIn 2010–11, the total plantation area in the Wide Bay region was approximately 127 100 hectares, comprised of approximately 12 500 hectares of hardwood plantations, 109 500 hectares of softwood plantations and 5100 hectares of other plantation. The main hardwood species planted is Dunn’s white gum (Eucalyptus dunnii) and lemon-scented gum (Corymbia citriodora), and the main softwood species planted is hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii).

In 2011, there were approximately 2.4 million hectares of native forests in the Wide Bay region, comprised mainly of Eucalypt medium woodland (870 200 hectares), Eucalypt medium open (868 800 hectares) and Rainforest (123 600 hectares) forest types. The majority of the native forests are privately managed (1.1 million hectares), 436 798 hectares are in nature conservation and 475 100 hectares are multiple-use public forest available for timber production. Major timber processing industries are located in Imbil, Toolara Forest and Owanyilla with the majority of mills being sawmills.

Figure 9 Area of native forest, by tenure

Leasehold forest (220 047 ha―9.3%)

Multiple-use public forest (475 097 ha―20%)

Nature conservation reserve (436 798 ha―18.4%)

Other Crown land (71 627 ha―3%)

Private land (including Indigenous) (1 104 608 ha―46.6%)

Unresolved tenure (62 679 ha―2.6%)

Queensland’s forest and wood product industry generated approximately $4 billion of sales and service income in 2010–11. Most of the income was generated from the sale of wood products (such as structural wood and woodchips) estimated at approximately $3 billion. The remaining $1 billion was generated from the sale of paper and paper products. In 2011–12, the sale of wood products generated about $2.6 billion and data for income from paper and paper products were not available. Despite being Australia’s largest wood product export state, Queensland is a relatively small exporter of woodchips. In 2010–11, Queensland exported 63 000 tonnes of woodchips, valued at $11 million. In 2011–12, woodchip exports from the state declined to 52 000 tonnes, valued at approximately $8 million. In 2011–12, woodchip exports declined to 52 000 tonnes, valued at $84 million. In 2011, Queensland’s forestry sector employed 12 845 workers (0.6 per cent of the total employed workforce) compared with 16 411 (0.9 per cent) in 2006 (number of people employed includes forestry support services and timber wholesaling).

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ReferencesABS 2011, Census of Population and Housing, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra.

ABS 2014a, Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2012–2013, cat. no. 7121.0, Australian Bureau Statistics, Canberra.

ABS 2014b, Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Aug 2014, cat. no. 6291.0.55.003, Australian Bureau Statistics, Canberra.

ABS 2014c, Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced, Australia, 2012–13, cat. no. 7503.0, Australian Bureau Statistics, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics-Bureau of Rural Sciences 2010, Land use of Australia 2005-06, Version 4, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra.

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