regional intermediate report carinthia · carinthia table of contents table of contents 2 table of...

BL CARINTHIA

Regional Intermediate Report CARINTHIA

Sonja Veratschnig Eva Favry, Rosinak + Partner Klagenfurt, October 2009

Regional Intermediate Report page -2- Carinthia

Table of Contents

Table of Contents 2

Table of Figures and Maps 4

Introduction 51.1. ACCESS: Project Background 51.2. Work Package 5 Regional Studies: Goals, Objectives and Activities 6

2. Country Profile: Carinthia 82.1. Territorial Organisation 82.2. Spatial Policies in Carinthia 82.3. Roles and Responsibilities in Services of General Interest(SGI) Themes 9

2.3.1. Public Transport 92.3.2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet 92.3.3. Every Day Needs 10

3. Regional and Test Areas Profile 113.1. Geographical Situation 11

3.1.1. Topographical Specifics of the Test Areas 113.1.2. Settlement Pattern 123.1.3. Role of the Major Settlements 14

3.2. Demographic Development 153.2.1. Carinthia 153.2.2. District of Völkermarkt 153.2.3. District of Hermagor 17

3.3. Socio-Economic Situation 183.3.1. Economic Structure 183.3.2. Commuting to and from Work 19

3.4. Development of Tourism 193.4.1. Carinthia 193.4.2. District of Völkermarkt 203.4.3. District of Hermagor 20

4. Services of General Interest(SGI) in the Test Areas: Description, Evaluation, Problems and Perspectives 224.1. Methodology of Evaluation of Services of General Interest 224.2. Situation Transport: Public Transport 22

4.2.1. Overview Carinthia 224.2.2. District of Völkermarkt 234.2.3. District of Hermagor 24

4.3. Situation Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet 254.4. Situation Every day Needs: Food Stores 25

4.4.1. Overview Carinthia 254.4.2. District of Völkermarkt 254.4.3. District of Hermagor 26

4.5. Assessment of Services of General Interest– Barriers and Main Problems 274.5.1. Barriers and Main Problems Public Transport 274.5.2. Barriers and Main Problems ICT 274.5.3. Barriers and Main Problems Every Day Needs 27


5. Good Practice Examples as a Pool of Ideas for Pilot Projects and Identification of Gaps (max 3 good practices (short version), in the field of PP activities) 28

6. Conclusion and Outlook on Pilot Activities (Synthesis of framework conditions, problems of SGI and best practice examples and foreseen pilot activities) 306.1. Conclusions on the Regional Level 306.2. Outlook on Pilot Activities 30

7. Appendix I: Good Practice Examples (long version) 34

8. Appendix II: Maps (resolution on municipality level) and Statistical Data 38

9. Description of ACCESS Statistical Data 55


Table of Figures and Maps

A – Social Data – Population Structure and Area ............................................................. 38 Map 1: Population Development ........................................................................................ 39 A – Social Data – Age Pattern............................................................................................. 40 Map 2: Old-Age Dependency Ratio .................................................................................... 41 Map 3: Young-Age Dependency Ratio ............................................................................... 42 B – Sozio-Economic Data – Maximum Population Ratio ................................................. 43 Map 4: Maximum Population Ratio .................................................................................... 44 B – Sozio-Economic Data – Economic Structure ............................................................. 45 Map 5: Development of Enterprises................................................................................... 46 C – Spatial Data – Settlement ............................................................................................. 47 Map 6: Local Settlement Concentration Ratio .................................................................. 48 C – Spatial Data – Individual Traffic and Public Transport .............................................. 49 Map 7: Regional Reachability Individual Traffic ............................................................... 50 Map 8: Regional Reachability Public Transit .................................................................... 51 Map 9: Maximal Frequency Public Traffic ......................................................................... 52 C – Spatial Data – Every Day Needs and ICT .................................................................... 53 Map 10: Density of Groceries ............................................................................................. 54


Introduction

1.1. ACCESS: Project Background

ACCESS is an INTERREG IV B project developed in the framework of the Alpine Space Programme. It involves nine partners from Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. The partners have come together to improve the accessibility to services of general interest (SGI) in sparsely populated mountain regions.

Problems to be addressed

The maintenance of a spatially and socially equal accessibility to SGI is a core issue to the functionality of mountain areas and any regional development strategy both on a national as well as on a transnational level. Already in the third Cohesion Report of the European Commission. it is specified that the equality of access to basic facilities, essential services and knowledge for everyone, wherever they happen to live, is a key condition for territorial cohesion. However the INTERREG III B project PUSEMOR confirmed that sparsely populated areas in all alpine countries are facing difficulties to maintain existing services due to their poor profitability and due to the need to respond to new or changing needs of the local population. The ongoing territorial concentration of SGI leads to a vicious circle of further deterioration in the quality of provision which in turn causes a decreasing demand in the existing services. This process has many negative consequences for the affected regions. In fact the withdrawal of SGI causes a reduced functionality, competitiveness and a higher amount of motorised mobility in communities of sparsely populated areas. Furthermore it aggravates social inequalities – persons who do not dispose of a car, not having the knowledge to use ICT etc. face problems to reach services. Often these areas are characterised by important population losses and/or excessive ageing. The main challenge for the concerned communities and regions is therefore the furthering of the access to demand-oriented and flexible SGI with innovative cooperation structures in order to capitalise best the potentials of sparsely populated areas. Mobility is an important issue in the whole framework. Contrary to a still widespread opinion this must not necessarily mean in every case physical transport of goods or persons but implies the promotion of integrated mobility systems (Report on the state of the Alps, Alpine Convention).

Objectives of the Project

The PUSEMOR project identified a major challenge and urgent need for action in the field of public transport and the accessibility of SGI. ACCESS therefore aims at improving the accessibility to SGI in sparsely populated mountain areas by finding 1) new forms of organisation of SGI (e.g. substitute stationary services with mobile ones, improving governance) 2) using ICT (e.g. broadband internet access) and 3) fostering demand oriented, integrated mobility systems.

The project is guided by the following objectives:

a) Improve the competitiveness and the quality of life in sparsely populated areas – as a precondition for maintaining and attracting new inhabitants and SMEs by making use of the potentials of these areas (environmental quality, heritage, culture).


b) Develop models that will contribute to regional development and spatial planning, (e.g. efficient use of infrastructures, networks and cooperation between centres and rural areas).

c) Mitigate social inequalities in the access of SGI and reduce environmental pollution.

d) Test and apply various elements of the concept of governance in order to empower the population and to ensure that society owns the process.

e) New approaches to providing services will be tested and put into practice in all test areas. They will be based on the demands of the local population and Enterprises and be developed together with the service providers.

Workpackages and time schedule

ACCESS is structured along eight workpackages with specifically defined objectives, activities and outputs. Fig. 1 gives an overview on workpackage themes and time schedule, WP 5 will be described in detail in the following section. This report constitutes the final product of WP 5.

Fig. 1: Workpackages and time schedule of the ACCESS project

1.2. Work Package 5 Regional Studies: Goals, Objectives and Activities

General Objective

This workpackage aims at clarifying the degree of accessibility and the users need with regard to SGI in selected areas (1 – 3 test areas per participating region). Furthermore, an inventory of best practices to improve the provision of SGI in sparsely populated areas is drawn up. This WP also benefits from the results and experiences gained in the regional analysis of the preceeding PUSEMOR project.

Activities

The activities taking place within WP 5 can be structured as follows:

WP 5 Regional Studies

WP 6 Transnat. Comparison

WP 7 Pilot projects and models

Sep 08 Sep 09 Apr 10 Sep 10 Aug 11 Apr 09

WP 8Synthesis

WP 2 - 4 Project Management and Information / Publicity

Apr 11


¶ To elicit methodologies how to approach best local actors in order to assess their needs and to mount projects (largely based on the PUSEMOR approach)

¶ Improvement of the approach of regional studies used for PUSEMOR and to analyse demand and supply as well as the accessibility of SGI in selected test areas

¶ Search for best practices

¶ Data collection, based on (a) evaluation of available literature / materials, (b) expert interviews in order to draw a picture of the economic, political and institutional framework

¶ Elaboration of Regional Intermediate Reports

The envisaged outputs are:

Output 1: Identification of Test Areas

When identifying the test areas, the general guidelines and criteria of the project have to be complied with (e.g. with regard to organisational aspects, test area size etc.). Primarily areas were chosen which are considered less-favoured from a regional viewpoint. With regard to SGIs, the test areas have to be coherent functional, administrative and organisational units. A comparison within the region is possible by the application of statistical indicators. The identification of the test areas is the responsibility of the regional project partners.

Output 2: Common Methodology to Approach Local Stakeholders

Internal communication is guaranteed by the continuous involvement of important institutions such as local regional development agencies, representatives of the local authorities (mayors) and representations of interest groups (chambers) as well as providers of SGIs. There are regular working group meetings at the regional level and in the test areas. Expert interviews are conducted to obtain the opinion of important individual stakeholders.

Output 3: Current Standard of SGIs

The current standard of SGIs is mainly the result of national or even regional decisions and practices. Therefore, the legal, organisational and actual criteria of access to SGIs may differ considerably when the project partners are compared. These differences can be highlighted by drawing up thematic maps using uniform classification systems at the transnational level.

Output 4: Assessment of Users Needs

Access to SGIs is determined by the relationships between supply and demand. Major factors are the spatial situation (location – reachability), the social context (services provided – demands) and the economic situation (price – income). Data collection and conclusions on consumer behaviour have to be as differentiated as possible, e.g. with regard to social aspects according to age, gender and income.

Output 5: Detailed Description of Good Practice (form)

The questionnaire employed to describe good practice examples is a standardised transnational instrument.

Output 6: Outline of the Relevant Framework Conditions


The answer the question of access to SGIs, the fields of public transport, ICT and every day needs have to be investigated. With regard to organisation, the positions of the public authorities awarding contracts for SGIs and the (sometimes private) providers of SGIs are relevant. A reaction to the expected differences in the situation of the users when it comes to access to SGIs is to include interest group representations and local stakeholders.

2. Country Profile: Carinthia

2.1. Territorial Organisation

Carinthia is one of nine federal provinces of Austria (Bundesland), it comprehends eight political districts (Politischer Bezirk) and two statutory cities (the provincial capital Klagenfurt and the city of Villach – they have the same administrative status as political districts. Carinthia has 132 municipalities. Each of the two ACCESS test areas, Völkermarkt and Hermagor, is a political district.

On European level Carinthia is a NUTS 2 region (AT21). It belongs (together with the federal province of Styria) to the NUTS 1 region South Austria (AT2). Carinthia contains three NUTS 3 regions:

- Klagenfurt – Villach (AT211) - Oberkärnten (AT212): Political districts Hermagor (ACCESS Test area 2),

Feldkirchen, Spittal an der Drau - Unterkärnten (AT213): Political districts Völkermarkt (ACCESS Test Area 1), St. Veit

an der Glan, Wolfsberg

The Austrian Constitution regulates the distribution of tasks between the national and the provincial level as well as the sphere of action of the municipalities. While the federal provinces have an elected political representation and fulfil as well legislative as administrative tasks, the political districts are purely administrative units. The district agencies are the first instance for many matters of federal and provincial administration, e.g. in trade law, health or security ad-ministration. The lowest level of administration is built by the municipalities which also dispose of an elected representation. The municipalities are responsible, among others, for the maintenance of schools and kindergartens, maintenance of roads and local spatial planning. For the collective fulfilment of diverse municipal tasks there are associations of municipalities, e.g. water boards or social care associations.

2.2. Spatial Policies in Carinthia

Spatial planning on regional and local level is regulated by the legislation of the federal province Carinthia. The provincial government executes regional spatial planning (development concepts) while each municipality does local spatial planning (local development concepts, zoning). Regional development is closely connected with rural policies (LEADER). The Carinthian regional management corporation (Regionalmanagement Kärnten Dienstleistungs GmbH) provides support for regional associations and regional development projects. It closely


cooperates with the Carinthian spatial planning administration, with four Local Action Groups (LEADER regions) and two natural parks.

2.3. Roles and Responsibilities in Services of General Interest(SGI) Themes

2.3.1. Public Transport

The legal regulation of public transport takes place on national level (e.g. Austrian Railway Act and others). The Local and Regional Public Transport Act (Öffentlicher Personennah- und Regionalverkehrsgesetz 1999) is especially important for public transport in rural areas, because it determines the organisational and financial base. This law introduced the “purchaser principle” (service contracts between federal provinces or municipalities and transport companies).

Transport planning is a national concern for the high-ranking infrastructure, while regional and local transport planning is a matter of the provinces and municipalities. Presently, there is one high-speed train project which is important for Carinthia: The Koralmbahn linking Graz and Klagenfurt which is due to be finished by 2018 will traverse the district of Völkermarkt and thus improve the accessibility of the region.

The majority of public transport services in Carinthia are provided by the state-owned railway enterprise ÖBB and its daughter, the bus company Postbus, but there are also some private companies offering bus services. Since the year 2000 the co-ordination of different service providers and the standardisation of tariffs are effected by Verkehrsverbund Kärnten GmbH.

Free transport for students to their school, financed by the Austrian state since about 1970, is very important for the existence of public transport in rural areas, because the demand for bus services can largely be attributed to school trips.

2.3.2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet

The legal regulation of telecommunication happens on national level. The Telecommunication Act 1997 states that the supply with conventional telephone network has to be provided all over the Austrian territory at a standardised and affordable price and in a determined quality ("universal service"). The networks of mobile phones and broadband internet are not subject to the regulations of universal services. Nevertheless, the widespread access to broadband internet is a matter of public interest. So the broadband initiative started in 2003. This instrument of financial support, which is carried by federal and provincial authorities together, and co-financed by means of the EU Structural Fund, should stimulate the extension of broadband infrastructure within determined rural areas. In Carinthia the Carinthian Development Agency carries out the broadband initiative. In a first phase the possibility to access to a network of at least 1 MBit/s has already been offered to 98% of the households and enterprises in Carinthia.


2.3.3. Every Day Needs

The retail of food and non-food has always been a strictly private task. The Austrian laws relevant for trade (especially Gewerbeordnung) do not contain regulations in the interest of safeguarding the supply of goods of every-day needs.

The supply aspect is only mentioned in a rather indirect way in the spatial planning laws of the Austrian provinces. For Carinthia the Spatial Planning Act and the Local Planning Act are relevant. According to these laws the construction of a shopping centre is subject to defined conditions: among others, it must not endanger the supply with goods of every-day need.

Small retailers of daily goods have the possibility to profit from minor support measures (e.g. investment grants) by the Carinthian and local administration.


3. Regional and Test Areas Profile

3.1. Geographical Situation

3.1.1. Topographical Specifics of the Test Areas

3.1.1.1. District of Völkermarkt

The district of Völkermarkt is situated in the South-East of Carinthia. It borders on the rural districts of St. Veit an der Glan and Wolfsberg in the North, on the central parts of Carinthia (Klagenfurt – Villach) in the West, and on Slovenia in the South-East. The district consists of 13 municipalities.

The test area is situated in the Eastern part of the basin of Klagenfurt, in the North it extends to the mountain chain Saualpe and in the South to the Karawanken mountains. The test area is traversed by the river Drau in West-East direction. The district of Völkermarkt covers a cadastral surface of 909 km² – which is 9,5 % of the surface of Carinthia. More than a third of the cadastral surface (321 km² – 35,4 %) is classified as permanant settlement area (Dauersiedlungsraum – appropriate for agriculture, settlements and traffic). The landscape of the lower part of the test area is characterised by extended agricultural surfaces (Jaunfeld), by the Drau river and by several lakes offering summer tourism facilities, the most important of them is the lake Klopeinersee.

3.1.1.2. District of Hermagor

The district of Hermagor is situated in the South-West of Carinthia. It borders on the district of Spittal an der Drau in the North, and on the Italian region Friuli-Venezia-Giulia in the South. The district consists of 7 municipalities.

In terms of topography the mountain chains of the Lienzer Dolomiten and Gailtaler Alpen form the limit of the test area in the North, the Karnische Alpen in the South. The test area is traversed in West-East direction by the river Gail – along the valleys Lesachtal and Gailtal. The district of Hermagor covers a cadastral surface of 807 km² – with 8,5 % of the surface Hermagor is the smallest district of Carinthia. Due to the high share of mountain areas only 15,6 % of the cadastral surface is classified as permanant settlement area (Dauersiedlungsraum –


appropriate for agriculture, settlements and traffic). The landscape of the test area is characterised by agricultural surfaces and forests.

3.1.2. Settlement Pattern


The district of Völkermarkt has 43.056 inhabitants (2008) and 16.280 households (2001). The biggest municipality is the district capital Völkermarkt 11.397 inhabitants. The population of other twelve municipalities of the district lies between 5.998 (Eberndorf) and 843 (Diex) inhabitants.

Each municipality of the district of Völkermarkt consists of several villages resp. towns. According to the census data of 2001, there are four municipalities where parts of the population live within compact towns / villages of more than 1.000 inhabitants:

¶ Völkermarkt 4.859 ¶ Eberndorf (Kühnsdorf 1.604, Eberndorf 1.076) 2.680 ¶ Bleiburg 1.339 ¶ Eisenkappel-Vellach (Bad Eisenkappel) 1.066

When considering the population living within compact settlements of more than 500 inhabitants, the villages of Tainach (municipality Völkermarkt), Gösselsdorf, Mittlern (municipality of Eberndorf), Griffen (municipality Griffen) and Wasserhofen (municipality St. Kanzian am Klopeiner See) are added to the above ones.

ü Indicator 5: Local Settlement Concentration Ratio = 31

31% of the population of the district of Völkermarkt live in compact settlements of more than 500 inhabitants, more than two thirds of the district population live in smaller or sprawled settlements.

The settlement development is often characterised by sprawl, especially in the basins of the Jaunfeld. In the area of the lake Klopeinersee a widely extended settlement band has emerged.


Table 1: Settlement pattern in the Völkermarkt district

Area [km²] (2005)

Population(2008)

Households (2001) Pop>500 1) Pop>1000 ²) LSCR 3)

Völkermarkt district 907 43056 16280 13384 9944 31Bleiburg 70 3923 1475 1339 1339 34Diex 55 843 284 0 0 0Eberndorf 68 5998 2341 3961 2680 66Eisenkappel-Vellach 199 2489 1113 1066 1066 43Feistritz ob Bleiburg 54 2118 732 0 0 0Gallizien 47 1758 685 0 0 0Globasnitz 38 1658 577 0 0 0Griffen 75 3657 1291 899 0 25Neuhaus 36 1159 396 0 0 0Ruden 42 1555 564 0 0 0St. Kanzian a.K. 41 4401 1686 660 0 15Sittersdorf 45 2100 799 0 0 0Völkermarkt 137 11397 4337 5459 4859 48

1) Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 500 inhabitants 2) Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 1.000 inhabitants 3) Local Settlement Concentration Ratio

Source: www.statistik.at, adapted


The district of Hermagor has 19.294 inhabitants (2008) and 7.083 households (2001). The biggest municipality is the district capital hermagor with 7.182 inhabitants. The population of other six municipalities of the district lies between 3.510 (Kötschach-Mauthen) and 1.302 (Gitschtal) inhabitants.

Each municipality of the district of Hermagor consists of several villages. According to the census data of 2001, there are two municipalities where parts of the population live within compact villages of more than 1.000 inhabitants:

¶ Hermagor 1.527 ¶ Kötschach 1.612 When considering the population living within compact settlements of more than 500 inhabitants, the villages of Dellach (municipality Dellach), Tröpolach (municipality Hermagor-Presseggersee), Grafendorf and Kirchbach (municipality of Kirchbach), Mauthen (municipality of Kötschach-Mauthen) and Weißbriach (municipality Gitschtal) are added to the above ones.

ü Indicator 5: Local Settlement Concentration Ratio = 36

36% of the population of the district of Hermagor live in compact settlements of more than 500 inhabitants, almost two thirds of the district population live in smaller settlements – these are often very small villages or even scattered settlements.

The original rural settlement forms (compact villages and scattered settlements) still characterise the image of the cultural landscape, but there has also been unordered settlement development and sprawl, especially in hillside situations.


Table 2: Settlement pattern in the Hermagor district

Area [km²] (2005)

Population(2008)

Households (2001) Pop>500 1) Pop>1000

²) LSCR 3)

Hermagor district 808 19.294 7.083 6.952 3.139 36

Dellach 36 1.366 489 680 0 50Hermagor-Pressegger See 205 7.182 2.751 2.062 1.527 29Kirchbach 99 2.781 918 1.113 0 40Kötschach-Mauthen 154 3.510 1.364 2.372 1.612 68St. Stefan i.Gailtal 66 1.654 658 0 0 0Gitschtal 56 1.302 451 725 0 56Lesachtal 191 1.499 452 0 0 0

1) Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 500 inhabitants 2) Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 1.000 inhabitants 3) Local Settlement Concentration Ratio


3.1.3. Role of the Major Settlements


The municipality of Völkermarkt is the district capital and fulfils central functions for the whole district. Beside the public administration there are several medical, social and educational institutions. Völkermarkt is not accessible by train; public transport relations to the other settlements of the district are assured by bus services. Less than half of the 11.397 inhabitants of the municipality of Völkermarkt live in the township of the same name, the others in small villages in the surrounding.

The municipalities of Bleiburg (located in the South-East of the region) and Eberndorf (rather centrally located in the Jaunfeld south of Völkermarkt) serve as secondary centres for the regional population.


There are two central places within the district: the district capital Hermagor-Presseggersee (public administration) and the municipality of Kötschach-Mauthen, both fulfilling central functions for the district. There are several medical, social and educational institutions. The two central places Hermagor and Kötschach-Mauthen are linked by a small regional train line (Gailtalbahn) which provides a connection to Villach. The public transport relations to the other settlements of the district are assured by bus services. Only 22% of the 7.182 inhabitants of the municipality of Hermagor-Presseggersee (which has a surface of more than 200km²) live in the township of the same name, 535 in the village of Tröpolach, the others in small villages in the surrounding.


3.2. Demographic Development

3.2.1. Carinthia

Carinthia has a population of 561.064 inhabitants (2008). While in the decade of 1981 to 1991 the population growth was equal to that of Austria (+ 2,5%), since then the population development of Carinthia stays behind the Austrian average. Between 1991 and 2008 it was 7,5% for Austria and 1,9% for Carinthia. Especially during the last years the population of Carinthia was almost stagnating: 0,15% between 2001 and 2008 (www.statistik.at).

ü Indicator 1: Yearly Population Development Rate (1991 – 2008) = 0,14

In 2008 20,8% of the population of Carinthia were younger than 20 years old, 60,5% were between 20 and 64 (working age), and 18,7% were older than 65. While the number of young people (less than 20 years old) has decreased by 29,8% between 1981 and 2008, the number of the population older than 65 has strongly increased (+ 45,2%). The population of working age (20 – 64) is stagnating since 2001 after having increased between 1981 and 2001 (www.statistik.at).

ü Indicator 2a: Old-age dependency ratio (Altenquotient) = 26

The share of the population of more than 65 years in the population of active age (15 – 64) is 26

ü Indicator 2b: Young-age dependency ratio (Jugendquotient) = 14

The share of children (less than 15 years) in the population of active age (15 – 64) is 14

The main scenario of the Austrian population forecast (updated in 2008 – www.statistik.at) predicts population losses for Carinthia while the Austrian population is supposed to grow. Between 2008 and 2020 for Austria a population increase of 4,3% is predicted, but Carinthia will decrease by 1,3%. The demographic ageing tendencies will be stronger in Carinthia than at the Austrian average. For Carinthia a decrease of children and young people (less than 15 years old) by 13,3% is predicted, the population of 15-59 will decrease by 7,1%, and the older population of 60 and more will increase by 20,8%.

3.2.2. District of Völkermarkt

In 2008 43.056 inhabitants lived in the Völkermarkt district – 7,7 % of the population of Carinthia. The population development since 1981 is almost stagnating, with a slight increase until 1991 and a decrease in the last years. Compared to Carinthia the population development is more negative, but it is slightly more positive than in the NUTS3 region Unterkärnten: The yearly rate (1991 – 2008) is 0,14 for Carinthia, -0,10 for Unterkärnten and -0,05 for the district of Völkermarkt. For a long time the out-migration was compensated by a birth surplus, but this


effect is decreasing now because of the ageing population and declining fertility rates. The long-time population forecast of the Austrian Spatial Planning Conference predicts an ongoing population loss for the district.

Within the region there are considerable differences: The most dynamic municipality is St. Kanzian am Klopeinersee, a centrally located summer tourism area, followed by Globasnitz and Feistritz ob Bleiburg, both located in the southeast of the district at the limit of the Jaunfeld basin and the Karawanken mountains. Population losses caused by a strong out-migration are registrated for the municipalities of Eisenkappel-Vellach, Diex and Neuhaus, all in a rather peripheral and mountainous situation: Eisenkappel in the South of the region, Diex in the North, and Neuhaus in the East.

The general phenomenon of an ageing population can also be observed in the Völkermarkt district, but the share of children and young people (younger than 15) is still notably higher than in the Carinthian average – due to a higher number of children per family. The share of the older population (older than 65) is slightly higher than the Carinthian average. Especially the municipalities with a strong population decline are also those with a high share of older people. For the future an ongoing shift towards the older population can be expected.

ü Indicator 1: Yearly Population Development Rate (1991 – 2008) = -0,05



ü Indicator 2b: Young-age dependency ratio (Jugendquotient)


Table 3: Demographic development in the Völkermarkt district

Population2008

Population1991

Population65 years and older

Population< 15 years

Yearly populationdev. rate

Old-agedependency

ratio

Young-age dependency

ratio Völkermarkt district 43.056 43.441 7896 6597 -0,05 28 23Bleiburg 3.923 4.121 742 563 -0,29 28 22Diex 843 943 199 124 -0,66 38 24Eberndorf 5.998 5.922 1025 914 0,08 25 23Eisenkappel-Vellach 2.489 3.038 618 318 -1,17 40 20Feistritz ob Bleiburg 2.118 2.009 337 357 0,31 24 25Gallizien 1.758 1.745 341 249 0,04 29 21Globasnitz 1.658 1.593 280 271 0,24 25 24Griffen 3.657 3.707 631 604 -0,08 26 25Neuhaus 1.159 1.285 260 168 -0,61 36 23Ruden 1.555 1.677 276 245 -0,44 27 24St. Kanzian a.K. 4.401 4.103 792 707 0,41 27 24Sittersdorf 2.100 2.217 405 276 -0,32 29 19Völkermarkt 11.397 11.081 1990 1801 0,17 26 24



3.2.3. District of Hermagor

In 2008 19.294 inhabitants lived in the district of Hermagor – 3,4 % of the population of Carinthia. Considerable population losses are observed since 1991. Compared to Carinthia and also to the NUTS3 region Oberkärnten the population development is more negative: The yearly rate (1991 – 2008) is 0,14 for Carinthia, 0,02 for Unterkärnten and -0,28 for the district of Hermagor. The population losses are caused by out-migration related to the lack of workplaces in the district. For a long time the out-migration was compensated by a birth surplus, but this effect is decreasing now because of the ageing population and declining fertility rates. The long-time population forecast of the Austrian Spatial Planning Conference predicts an ongoing population loss for the district. By 2031 a population decrease of 17% must be expected; the strongest decline is predicted for the young population (under 20 years: -40 %).

All municipalities of the district register a decline of the residential population (see table 4). The strongest population losses occurred in the municipalities of St. Stefan im Gailtal (quite centrally located within the district) and Lesachtal (peripheral situation in the West of the district).

The general phenomenon of an ageing population can also be observed in the district of Hermagor, but presently the share of children and young people (younger than 15) is still notably higher than in the Carinthian average – due to a higher number of children per family. The share of the older population (older than 65) is also considerably higher than the Carinthian average. Especially the municipalities with a strong population decline are also those with a high share of older people. For the future an ongoing shift towards the older population can be expected.

ü Indicator 1: Yearly Population Development Rate (1991 – 2008) = -0,28



ü Indicator 2b: Young-age dependency ratio (Jugendquotient) = 23


Table 4: Demographic development in the Hermagor district

Population2008

Population1991

Population65 years and older

Population< 15 years

Yearly populationdev. rate

Old-agedependenc

y ratio

Young-age dependenc

y ratio Hermagor district 19.294 20.245 4.205 2.842 -0,28 34 23Dellach 1.366 1.389 281 217 -0,10 32 25Hermagor-Pressegger See 7.182 7.403 1.573 1.004 -0,18 34 22Kirchbach 2.781 2.850 562 449 -0,14 32 25Kötschach-Mauthen 3.510 3.673 777 517 -0,27 35 23St. Stefan i.Gailtal 1.654 1.893 395 201 -0,79 37 19Gitschtal 1.302 1.372 290 185 -0,31 35 22Lesachtal 1.499 1.665 327 269 -0,62 36 30



3.3. Socio-Economic Situation

3.3.1. Economic Structure


The district of Völkermarkt belongs to the economically weak regions in Austria. The per-capita GDP attains 62% of the Austrian average.

The agricultural sector is still an important factor of the regional economy (7,8 %), especially in the municipalities in the northern and southern periphery of the region. More than half of the working population of the municipality of Diex is still working in agriculture / forestry.

The goods-producing sector is dominating within the region, especially engineering, wood processing and building trade. The small enterprises are predominant – there is only one enterprise employing more than 1.000 persons all over the region. The industrial centres are Völkermarkt and Feistritz ob Bleiburg – these municipalities hold 34 % and 23 % of the industrial work places of the district.

The service sector comprises public administration, tourism and trade. More than half of the work places in the service sector are located in the city of Völkermarkt. The tourism businesses are concentrated in the area of lakes (the most important is Klopeeinersee), especially in the municipality St. Kanzian am Klopeinersee. The pronounced predominance of the summer season is accompanied by structural problems of tourism – the number of tourism businesses has been declining for the last years.

The unemployment rate in the Völkermarkt district of 8,6 % (2005) is slightly higher than the Carinthian average of 8,2 %.

The development of enterprises between the censuses of 1991 and 2001 was less dynamic than in the NUTS3 region Unterkärnten (which also contains the districts St. Veit an der Glan and Wolfsberg) and remained also below the Carinthian average. There are considerable differences within the region: The strongest decline was observed in tourism-dominated places (St. Kanzian, Gallizien), while several other municipalities were developing well (see table 3).

ü Indicator 4: Yearly Development Rate of Enterprises (1991 – 2001) = 1,28


With a share of 9,3 % of the workforce (2001) the agricultural sector is still an important economic factor in the district of Hermagor, especially in the municipalities Lesachtal and Dellach im Drautal.

The goods-producing sector employs 31,7 % of the workforce, the dominating branches are engineering, wood processing and the building trade. There are only small and medium enterprises within the district; the biggest enterprise, an engineering firm, employs 260 persons.

59 % of the workforce is employed by the service sector which in the district of Hermagor is dominated by tourism and offers also many workplaces in trade and health services.

The municipalities of Hermagor-Presseggersee and Kötschach-Mauthen are the economic centres of the district.


The unemployment rate in the Hermagor district is 5,6 % (2005). So the employment situation is significantly better than in the average of Carinthian (unemployment rate of 8,2 %).

The number of enterprises declined slightly between the censuses of 1991 and 2001. The development of enterprises was much less dynamic than in the NUTS3 region Oberkärnten (which also contains the districts Spittal an der Drau and Feldkirchen) and remained far below the Carinthian average. Only one municipality, the district capital Hermagor-Pressegger See showed a visible increase of enterprises. The strongest decline was observed in the municipality of St. Stefan im Gailtal, where the population also decreased strongly.

ü Indicator 4: Yearly Development Rate of Enterprises (1991 – 2001) = -0,12

3.3.2. Commuting to and from Work


In the district of Völkermarkt out-migration has a higher importance than in other regions of Carinthia or in the Austrian average. More than half of the out-commuters of the district leave the municipality for work but stay within the district (“Binnenpendler”).

The municipalities of Völkermarkt and Feistritz ob Bleiburg are economic centres with a considerable in-migration, but Feistritz is the only municipality of the district with a positive commuter-balance. For the commuter data on municipality level see table 5.


Also in the district of Hermagor out-commuting is very important. Only the two economic centres of the district, the municipalities Hermagor-Pressegger See and Kötschach-Mauthen, have a positive commuter-balance. For the commuter data on municipality level see table 6.

3.4. Development of Tourism

3.4.1. Carinthia

Carinthia is one of the Austrian federal provinces where tourism is a very important economic factor. Carinthia offers both summer and winter tourism, due to the existing landscape resources (lakes, mountains) and leisure infrastructures. In 2008 12,96 million overnight stays were counted. The tourism intensity (annual overnight stays per capita of residential population) was 23, surpassing the Austrian average of 15. Only the Austrian provinces of Tyrol and Salzburg show a higher tourism intensity. But tourism in Carinthia was not developing so well as on the Austrian average. While between 1998 and 2008 the number of overnight stays in Austria augmented by 14%, it decreased slightly in Carinthia (- 1,8%) (www.statistik.at). Generally speaking, winter tourism develops much better in Carinthia than summer tourism.

ü Indicator 3: Maximum Population Ratio = 104

The ratio between the “maximum population” (adding in-commuters and tourists, subtracting out-commuters) and the residential population is 104.



The district of Völkermarkt accounts for 9 % of the overnight stays in Carinthia. The tourism centre of the region is situated around the lakes in the South of the city of Völkermarkt. especially the Klopeinersee. The municipality St. Kanzian am Klopeinersee counts the highest number of overnight stays of all Carinthia. The tourism in the region is strongly concentrated to the summer season. The number of tourism businesses has been declining for the last years. For the data on annual overnight stays see table 5.


The ratio between the “maximum population” (adding in-commuters and tourists, subtracting out-commuters) and the residential population is 96. Due to the high number of out-commuters it is lower than the average ratio of all Carinthia (104). Higher ratios are obtained in the economical (Feistritz, Völkermarkt) and tourism (St. Kanzian) centres.


The district of Hermagor belongs to the tourism region “Kärntens Naturarena Gail-, Gitsch-, Lesachtal, Weißensee, Nassfeld-Hermagor”. This tourism region counts 0,8 million overnight stays during the winter season (November – April) – the highest number of all Carinthian tourism regions. For the summer season (May – October) it counts approximately 1 million overnight stays and holds the 3rd position in Carinthia. A positive tourism development is observed especially in the skiing region Nassfeld (municipality of Hermagor-Preessegger See), as well as in the Lesachtal valley.


The ratio between the “maximum population” (adding in-commuters and tourists, subtracting out-commuters) and the residential population is 115. Due to the high number of touristic overnight stays it exceeds the average ratio of all Carinthia (104), despite the importance of out-commuting. The highest ratio (144) is obtained in Hermagor-Pressegger See, the economical and tourism centre of the district.

Table 5: Economic structure and commuter situation in the district of Völkermarkt

Enterprises 1) (2001)


In-Commuters

2) (2001)

Out-Commuters

3) (2001)

Tourism:overnight

stays (2008)

Maximum population

ratio

Yearly development

rate of enterprises

Völkermarkt district 1959 1724 7133 11766 1048385 96 1,28Bleiburg 186 164 731 936 7560 95 1,26Diex 28 22 29 227 17624 82 2,41Eberndorf 271 213 947 1790 66440 89 2,41Eisenkappel-Vellach 102 95 212 591 90903 95 0,71Feistritz ob Bleiburg 61 45 1164 605 21779 129 3,04Gallizien 47 50 104 646 3707 70 -0,62Globasnitz 40 26 47 576 960 68 4,31Griffen 118 99 526 983 1849 88 1,76Neuhaus 28 21 33 398 0 69 2,88


Ruden 53 40 120 545 1740 73 2,81St. Kanzian a.K. 413 427 507 1252 780173 132 -0,33Sittersdorf 60 57 212 709 12841 78 0,51Völkermarkt 552 465 2501 2508 42809 101 1,72

1) Number of Enterprises (without agricultural enterprises) 2) Commuters coming to work from another municipality 3) Commuters leaving for work to another municipality


Table 6: Economic structure and commuter situation in the district of Hermagor



In-Commuters

2) (2001)

Out-Commuters

3) (2001)

Tourism:overnight

stays (2008)

Maximum populatio

n ratio

Yearly development rate of

enterprisesHermagor district 1.055 1.068 2.411 3.585 1.466.907 115 -0,12Dellach 34 36 58 441 39.512 80 -0,57Hermagor-Pressegger See 526 505 1.321 850 985.323 144 0,41Kirchbach 91 101 247 712 55.145 89 -1,04Kötschach-Mauthen 205 215 639 464 124.014 115 -0,48St. Stefan i.Gailtal 47 57 43 539 29.697 75 -1,93Gitschtal 71 74 66 326 116.642 105 -0,41Lesachtal 81 80 37 253 116.574 107 0,12

1) Number of Enterprises (without agricultural enterprises) 2) Commuters coming to work from another municipality 3) Commuters leaving for work to another municipality



4. Services of General Interest(SGI) in the Test Areas: Description, Evaluation, Problems and Perspectives

This study focuses on three specific aspects of SGI: public transport, broadband access and food stores. The situation of other services of general interest is only presented in a short overview, summarising the results of interviews with local actors in each municipality (carried out by the planning department of the Carinthian government in 2009):

Presently, in both districts, there are no serious supply deficits reported for the domains of health care, care for the elderly, education and child care. Both districts are quite well equipped with medical practices. Specialised medical practices are strongly concentrated in the central places. In this domain some need for action was expressed (e. g. several local interview partners missed an oculist in the district of Völkermarkt). Many local interview partners expressed the opinion that it is necessary to create new infrastructures and to improve services for the elderly, especially assisted accommodation and mobile services. This wish is motivated less by present supply deficits than by the phenomenon of demographic ageing which will make medical services and care for elderly people more important in the future. Some of the local interview partners also saw a need for improving child care services, especially for young children under three.

Post offices and primary schools are the domains for which several communities in both districts will have to face closures in the near future. The local interview partners considered that there is a need for action regarding postal services. The intended replacement of post offices by “post partners” should take part in collaboration with the local administration.

4.1. Methodology of Evaluation of Services of General Interest

Basis of the evaluation were on the one hand experiences and results of PUSEMOR project and on the other hand a survey among all Carinthian municipalities via CNC technology in cooperation with the department for municipalities regarding supply of services of general interest. Most (112 of 132 municipalities) were answering and gave detailed information about their local situation.

4.2. Situation Transport: Public Transport

4.2.1. Overview Carinthia

The public transport offer (railway, buses) in Carinthia is co-ordinated by the Verkehrsverbund Kärnten AG. The central areas of Carinthia which are situated around the cities of Klagenfurt and Villach are best served with public transport. A study of the accessibility (ÖROK 20071)showed that in Carinthia 66% of the population can reach a regional centre within 30 minutes by public transport, while 96% can reach it by car. These accessibility indicators are similar to

1 ÖROK 2007, Erreichbarkeitsverhältnisse in Österreich 2005. Wien. ÖROK Schriftenreihe 174


those of the Austrian average (without Vienna). This study states that the public transport offer connecting the regional centres in Carinthia has improved in several places between 1995 and 2005. The offer of buses is complemented by a flexible transportation service in 27 rural communities of Carinthia (Go-Mobil).

Nevertheless, the PUSEMOR project showed that the consumer satisfaction with the public transport offer (in the rural districts of Feldkirchen and Wolfsberg) was rather low.


While the district of Völkermarkt has a good accessibility for individual car traffic, the rail traffic plays only a minor role. The rail line “Lavanttalbahn” (Klagenfurt – Bleiburg – Zeltweg) traverses the southern parts of the region (Jauntal) in East-West direction. There is also a connection between Bleiburg and Ravne in Slovenia.

By 2018 the Koralmbahn, a high-speed train linking Graz and Klagenfurt is due to be finished. It will traverse the district of Völkermarkt and thus improve the accessibility of the region. The region will be joined to the high-speed network via the station of Kühnsdorf.

Bus services are existing in all municipalities of the region. The travel times to the district capital (regional centre) and the frequencies of the service (daily departures of a public bus at the best served station) are presented in table 7.

ü Indicator 6a: Regional Reachability Individual Traffic = 14 minutes

The average time to reach the regional centre Völkermarkt by motorized individual traffic amounts to 14 minutes

ü Indicator 6b: Regional Reachability Public Traffic = 24 minutes

The average time to reach the regional centre Völkermarkt by public traffic amounts to 24 minutes

ü Indicator 7: Maximum Frequency Public Traffic = 12 per day

In average, there are 12 daily departures of public busses at the best served station of the municipality

Table 7: Travel times and frequencies of public transport in the district of Völkermarkt Reachability of regional centre

[min] (2009) Motorised Individual

Traffic Public Traffic

Maximum Frequency Public

Traffic (2009)

Völkermarkt district 14 24 12Bleiburg 19 28 10Diex 14 30 7Eberndorf 9 15 23Eisenkappel-Vellach 22 35 12Feistritz ob Bleiburg 20 35 8Gallizien 21 52 7Globasnitz 18 24 8Griffen 9 14 15


Neuhaus 23 43 3Ruden 11 19 8St. Kanzian a.K. 10 18 7Sittersdorf 13 20 15Völkermarkt 0 0 36

Source: Verkehrsverbund Kärnten


The rail company ÖBB and its daughter, the Postbus AG are the most important suppliers for public transport services. The single-track regional railway line Gailtalbahn runs from Kötschach-Mauthen to Villach and connects also the district capital Hermagor, as well as most of the municipalities of the district (except the valleys Lesachtal and Gitschtal). Bus services are existing in all municipalities of the district. The travel times to the district capital (regional centre) and the frequencies of the service (daily departures of a public bus at the best served station) are presented in table 8.

The peripheral situation of the district Hermagor makes that the accessibility for individual car traffic also is poorer than in other regions of Carinthia, long travel times are especially needed for reaching the valley Lesachtal.

ü Indicator 6a: Regional Reachability Individual Traffic = 24 minutes

The average time to reach the district centre Hermagor by motorized individual traffic amounts to 24 minutes

ü Indicator 6b: Regional Reachability Public Traffic = 37 minutes

The average time to reach the district centre Hermagor by public traffic amounts to 37 minutes

ü Indicator 7: Maximum Frequency Public Traffic = 10 per day

In average, there are 10 daily departures of public busses at the best served station of the municipalities

Table 8: Travel times and frequencies of public transport in the district of Hermagor Reachability of regional centre

[min] (2009) Motorised

Individual Traffic Public Traffic

Maximum Frequency Public

Traffic (2009)

Hermagor district 24 37 10Dellach 24 33 8Hermagor-Pressegger See 0 0 23Kirchbach 15 23 7Kötschach-Mauthen 30 43 14St. Stefan i.Gailtal 13 19 7Gitschtal 12 17 8Lesachtal 52 90 6

Source: Verkehrsverbund Kärnten


4.3. Situation Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet

According to the Development Agency of Carinthia phase 1 of the measures of the broadband initiative was finished in November 2006. 98 % of the households and businesses have the possibility to join the internet at 1 Mbit/s at least.

Unfortunately we did not succeed in getting useful data and indicators regarding private broadband access and private internet usage.

4.4. Situation Every day Needs: Food Stores

4.4.1. Overview Carinthia

Carinthia, same as other regions, is affected by spatial concentration in retail. A strong trend towards bigger shopping surfaces has already appeared in the 1970s and is still ongoing. Many small independent shop-keepers have already gone or are approaching the age of retirement. Thus, retail mostly has become a matter of a few supermarket chains. It can be noticed that often shops in very peripheral areas are more persistent than those in villages within the commuter distance to the cities. The trend towards bigger shopping units needing a larger catchment area is expected to continue. So it can be expected that further closures of shops in small villages will take place. A recent survey among municipal players showed that in several villages existing food shops seem to be threatened by closure. About a third of the interview partners estimated that, as regards the supply with food stores, there is need for action.


Generally speaking, the district of Völkermarkt is still quite well equipped with food stores, the supply is ensured. In 2002 there were 79 shops offering food (including bakers and butchers but no petrol stations) existing in the district.

ü Indicator 8: Density of Groceries = 545

The number of inhabitants per food shop amounts to 545.

Table 9: Food shops in the district of Völkermarkt (2002) Number of food-shops

(2002) Food shop access1)

Völkermarkt district 79 545

Bleiburg 10 392Diex 2 422Eberndorf 13 461Eisenkappel-Vellach 3 830Feistritz ob Bleiburg 4 586Gallizien 3 553Globasnitz 3 731Griffen 5 1159Neuhaus 1 1555Ruden 1 367St. Kanzian a.K. 12 367


Sittersdorf 3 700Völkermarkt 19 6001) Number of inhabitants per food shop

Source: Wirtschaftskammer Kärnten

These data were verified in a recent survey within the scope of the ACCESS project: local actors of all municipalities of the district were questioned about shops in their municipality (general food stores, bakeries and butcheries). Apart from two smaller municipalities indications from the whole district were obtained. According to this, presently there are 57 shops in the district (2009). Even if the missing data are considered, this means that the number of shops has considerably declined since 2002. The local actors considered that 12 shops are threatened by closure. There are two municipalities (Diex, Neuhaus) where the only existing shop of the municipality seems to be threatened by closure.


Generally speaking, the district of Hermagor is still quite well equipped with food stores, the supply is ensured. In 2002 there were 44 shops offering food (including bakers and butchers but no petrol stations) existing in the district.

ü Indicator 8: Density of Groceries = 439

The number of inhabitants per food shop amounts to 439.

Table 10: Food shops in the district of Hermagor (2002) Number of food-shops

(2002) Food shop access1)

Hermagor district 44 439Dellach 2 683Hermagor-Pressegger See 13 552Kirchbach 6 464Kötschach-Mauthen 6 585St. Stefan i.Gailtal 4 414Gitschtal 6 217Lesachtal 7 2141) Number of inhabitants per food shop

Source: Wirtschaftskammer Kärnten

These data were verified in a recent survey within the scope of the ACCESS project: local actors of all municipalities of the district were questioned about shops in their municipality (general food stores, bakeries and butcheries). Apart from Kötschach-Mauthen indications from all municipalities were obtained. According to this, presently there are 31 shops in the district (2009). Even if the missing data are considered, this means that the number of shops has considerably declined since 2002. The local actors considered that 11 shops are threatened by closure. In the municipality of St. Stefan im Gailtal the only remaining shop seems to be threatened by closure. The contact persons in the municipalities Dellach and Gitschtal assessed all shops in their municipalities as “threatened”.


4.5. Assessment of Services of General Interest– Barriers and Main Problems

4.5.1. Barriers and Main Problems Public Transport

Public traffic in Carinthia must be considered in a precise and subtile analysis. We distinguish between public transport in the central area and along the main traffic corridors, as well as traffic in peripheral areas. With the introduction of the new “Synchronised Carinthian Timetable”, the quality of public transport in the central area and along main traffic corridors has clearly improved, resulting in a larger number of passengers.

However, in peripheral areas public transport is increasingly concentrated on the transport of school children. Due to this focus, connections are not adjusted to commuters’ needs who cannot use the offered transport unrestrictedly (opening hours of shops, shift work, etc.). This development has resulted in a loss of ticket sales to commuters. This vicious circle keeps turning and public transport offers are reduced more and more. Connections in early morning and evenings as well as on Sundays and holidays are cancelled, because they are no longer profitable. It is the task of the Carinthian Traffic Association to prepare joint “regional traffic concepts” with the affected local communities, to elaborate solutions and ensure sustainable financing of the transport offers, to bring commuters back to public transport and increase the modal split.

4.5.2. Barriers and Main Problems ICT

The most evident problem is the situation that mobile internet providers take customers away from the conventional telephone networks. By loosing the “cashcow” conventional networks become unprofitable, although they are more stabile than wireless networks.

4.5.3. Barriers and Main Problems Every Day Needs

The maintenance of small retailers (food shops) in rural villages is a difficult task, because the concentration trends in trade are still ongoing. The profitability of shops calls for a rising number of clients per shop. In regions where a population decline can be expected, this problem is still more accentuated. Often shop owners also have difficulties to find a successor, and the shop is given up when they retire. The local contact persons in both test areas, the districts of Völkermarkt and Hermagor, considered that there is need for action in the domain of food shops.


5. Good Practice Examples as a Pool of Ideas for Pilot Projects and Identification of Gaps (max 3 good practices (short version), in the field of PP activities)

Good practice examples 1: Oberdrauburg – “Alter hat Zukunft” (aging with perspectives)

1. Domain(s) of public services involved

ICT Public transport X Every day needs

Others:

2. Locality / Region / Country

Oberdrauburg is in the western part of Carinthia about 100 km away from the regional centres

3. Territorial level / extent

Community area (1.400 inh.) and catchment area: Lienz and Upper Drautal (20.000 inh.)

4. Target Groups

Old people in need of care (high maintenanced people)

5. Basic Idea / Aims / How does it work

The idea is to develop a centre of stationary elderly-care, cared living, home-care and social residential building with close connection to the residential people in the town. Older people increasingly create new jobs and new forms of services because they have special needs. As a consequence new jobs and public demand are created. But also the use of abandoned buildings in town are part of the concept.

6. Why it is considered innovative

The idea is not only to install a residential home for elder people but to provide a local area with all infrastructure needed (medicine, food, coiffeur, post, police, massage, cafés, diverse trade, taverns, drugstore, leisure-infrastructure, public transport, tobacconist etc…) that can be reached by the elderlys within 200 metres per foot. The area is located in the centre of the town and the people are socially involved to the local activities.

7. Start / How long it has been running

The original activities lie back to the 90s with the help of ORE (local and regional development fund) and let to LEADER funds in program period 2001-2007. The search for partners for realization caused additional (private and public) means. At last there was supported a revitalization concepts within an EU-project “Burgen, Schlösser & Baukultur”.

8. Costs / Funding

Since 2001 LEADER+ -Funds amounting to 100.000 EUR generated about 450.000 EUR overall investments. Including all private means of all partners and other subsidies led to 2.031.000 EUR investment costs.

9. Transferability to other regions / conditions for a transfer (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable

Good… if special conditions are fulfilled: basic infrastructure, big catchment-area, personal engagement and lobbying, huge partner-network, good concept


10. More information (website, contact person)

Gemeinde Oberdrauburg, Tel. 04710-2695, [email protected]

Good practice examples 2: Bauernladen St. Daniel (farmer´s store of St. Daniel)



Others:

2. Locality / Region / Country

Community Dellach im Drautal/district St. Daniel is in the western part of Carinthia about 100 km away from the regional centres

3. Territorial level / extent

Community-area (733 inh.) and catchment area: Lienz and Upper-Drautal (20.000 inh.)

4. Target groups

Local people, tourists and farmers

5. Basic idea / Aims / How does it work

It was the private initiative of four people from the town to reopen the closed retail-shop in the year 1990. The local people could participate to the start-capital, private investments from 150 EUR upwards were possible. Within 14 days over 7.000 EUR were deposited and thus the privat-fund-ratio for the LEADER project was available.

6. Why it is considered innovative

It was a private initiative, that on the one hand ensured the local supply and on the other hand created the possibility to sell local agricultural products all over the year.

7. Start / How long it has been running

The shop is in operation since 1992, 2002 it was reconstructed. 1995 the private investments from the households were substituted by the entrance of the “Bioverein”. 2007 the private limited company (GmbH) was liquidated and the “Bioverein” was responsible for the running of the shop and let it to an employee of the shop for rent.

8. Costs / Funding

Starting costs were 100.000 EUR, they got a regional subsidy of 90%, 10% were private.

9. Transferability to other regions / conditions for a transfer (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable

The operators think that this model may be successful in other regions.

10. More information (website, contact person)

Bioladen St. Daniel im Gailtal, Hr. Hubert Zankl


6. Conclusion and Outlook on Pilot Activities (Synthesis of framework conditions, problems of SGI and best practice examples and foreseen pilot activities)

6.1. Conclusions on the Regional Level

Good practice examples show in many cases that it is worth to be engaged in innovative solutions to cope with the rural problem of thinning infrastructures and the disappearance of SGI. They show that special conditions seek for special solutions – but it works. And it also makes clear, that it is necessary, that initiatives must come from the demand-side respectively from the residential people and cannot implemented top-down.

6.2. Outlook on Pilot Activities

The following table should help to explain, why the chosen pilot activities are innovative.

Pilot Activity 1: Centre of Mobility for public transport information

Demand orientation: Does the pilot action respond to an existing or potential demand?

The pilot action “Decentral Mobility Service Office” has become necessary due to the increasing demand for information by the resident public as well as holiday-makers, looking for uniform information on all types of mobility. Primarily in the pilot region there are different types of mobility offers coordinated among each other, but not communicated in this coordinated manner. Public transport e.g. provides many tourism offers (bath bus, culture bus, etc.). Another example is the rent-an-e-bike initiative, just to mention two of them. The objective should be a cooperation of all offers in one place.

Participatory approach: Was the pilot action developed together with local stakeholders? How are they integrated into the implementation of the pilot activity?

The establishment of a Decentral Mobility Service Office was jointly discussed and elaborated with the local decision-makers – the Mayor of the City of Völkermarkt on the administrative side, and OEBB Postbus as the largest mobile supplier in the region on the other side. On the part of the different alternative-mobility or tourist suppliers, basic consent to cooperation exists. The exact work sharing etc. is already part of the specific project work.

Technical innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any technical innovation?

No. Existing technical systems (e.g. call centre facilities) are used and adapted to the actual needs of the region.

Organizational innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any organisational innovation? Yes. A completely new structure of cooperation will be built up in the areas of mobility and tourism in the region. The setup of these organisational structures is also on the agenda of the specific project work.

Implementation: Can the pilot activity be implemented in the Test Area within the given timeframe of ACCESS?

Yes. The pilot action in the region can be set up within the given timeframe of the ACCESS project.


Furthermore, the project is planned to be continued sustainably throughout the term of the ACCESS project.

Financial sustainability: Can the pilot activity be financed over the long term after the end of the ACCESS-project?

At this point, this question cannot be answered yet and will show during the implementation and pilot processes.

Transferability: Can the lessons learnt from the pilot activity be transferred to other regions?

Yes. Both the structures and the organisation of the cooperation can be used as examples for all peripheral regions.

Pilot Activity 2: Mobility management in natural parks

Demand orientation: Does the pilot action respond to an existing or potential demand?

NuP Weissensee:Mobility has been a central topic in the region for years (end of valley without transit route): High traffic volume caused by day-trip tourists, strong usage for tourism with holiday-makers (6,000 beds!); also high traffic volume caused by residents, leading to a high impact and lowering quality as a holiday resort. Dealing with this topic is decisive for the future development of the Natural park region. Currently the topics of the commercial exploitation of parking space and soft mobility are being discussed.

NuP Dobratsch:

Strong day-trip business has strong impact on the natural environment of Dobratsch. Insufficient public transport connections for the individual communities, also for residents, is a problem. What is being discussed is the improvement of shuttles up to the Dobratsch, but also the connections among the villages in the valley and to the natural park offers.

Participatory approach: Was the pilot action developed together with local stakeholders? How are they integrated into the implementation of the pilot activity?

NuP Weissensee:Strong participatory approach, integration of local business leaders + communities in a local work-group that analyses problems together with the advisor and determines development objectives as well as specific implementation measures. This provides a high level of identification with the topic. It is mostly implemented by local players. Internal awareness-raising (schools, kindergartens, businesses) is an additional important topic.

NuP Dobratsch:

Work group with local coordinators of individual communities, used to jointly elaborate common objectives and measures of soft mobility. Integration of the local bus and taxi operators as well as farmers (horse-carriage rides).

Technical innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any technical innovation?

NuP Weissensee:Innovative commercial usage of parking space, use of e-bikes and e-cars, combination of bicycle-water mobility (innovative lake-shuttle for bikers,…).

NuP Dobratsch:

Use of e-bikes and e-cars, Dobratsch mountain shuttle based on electric energy (?)

Organizational Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any organisational innovation?


NuP Weissensee:Coordination of natural park taxis, establishment of an operational cooperation (hotel businesses, soft mobility), organisation/coordination of innovative tourism products with soft mobility (logistics),…

NuP Dobratsch:

Coordination of natural park taxis, coordination with public transport and regional taxi solutions (Go-Mobil), organisation/coordination of innovative tourism products with soft mobility (logistics),…


Yes, implementation will immediately start for both projects (start 2010).

Financial sustainability: Can the pilot activity be financed over the long term after the end of the ACCESS-project?

In both projects, the aim is to cover the financing of running costs by way of local bodies (communities, businesses) and/or earnings (ticket sales).


NuP Weissensee:Transfer primarily for natural park regions with a large share of overnight tourism (6,000 beds) as well as bad connections to public transport systems, that also have a large share of day-trip tourists.

NuP Dobratsch:

Transfer for natural park regions in urban environment with strong excursion tourism.

Pilot Activity 3: Regional transport in the “Nockregion”

Demand Orientation: Does the pilot action respond to an existing or potential demand?

How is it possible to organise the inner regional traffic in the area of the Nockregion in a demand-oriented way? Which actions are necessary for that purpose?

Participatory Approach: Was the pilot action developed together with local stakeholders? How are they integrated into the implementation of the pilot activity?

Yes. The argument had been decided by the 16 municipalities which are members of the Regional Association Nockregion. The opinion surveys regarding the present status and the needs are made with representatives of the municipalities as well as with social organisations - for example the “Zivilinvalidenverband” (Association for Civil Invalids), Red Cross, “Kärntner Hilfswerk” (Carinthian Relief Organisation) - Association of Retirees, Tourism - for example Mountain Cableways, Shipping, other Associations - and young people.

Furthermore a close coordination with the Dept. 7 and the Regional Public Transport Association and other regional transport providers takes place.

The short, medium and long-term actions which are being discussed together will be decided at the end of November. It becomes apparent that there will be fixed actions regarding the topics of timetable adjustments, use of synergies, adoption of alternative (demand-oriented) traffic models and eventually of a mobility centre.

Technical Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any technical innovation?

No.

Organizational Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any organisational innovation?


Involvement of concerned persons and a branch crossing set-up of cooperations.


Yes.

Financial Sustainability: Can the pilot activity be financed over the long term after the end of the ACCESS-project?

Our aim is a long term and financially viable traffic development in the Region.


Yes.

Some more pilot projects are in planning – but at this stage it is too early to give detailed information.


7. Appendix I: Good Practice Examples (long version)

Good Practice Examples 1: Oberdrauburg – “Alter hat Zukunft” (aging with perspectives)



Others:

2. Target group

Old people in need of care (high maintenanced people)

3. Territorial level or extent

Community area (1.400 inh.) and catchment area: Lienz and Upper Drautal (20.000 inh.)

4. For how long it has been running / operating?

The original activities lie back to the 90s with the help of ORE (local and regional development fund) and let to LEADER funds in program period 2001-2007. The search for partners for realization caused additional (private and public) means. At last there was supported a revitalization concepts within an EU-project “Burgen, Schlösser & Baukultur”.

5. Basic idea and aim of your good practice in the provision of public services?

The idea is to develop a centre of stationary elderly-care, cared living, home-care and social residential building with close connection to the residential people in the town. Older people increasingly create new jobs and new forms of services because they have special needs. As a consequence new jobs and public demand are created. But also the use of abandoned buildings in town are part of the concept.

6. Background / main reasons for implementation of this particular service and how did the operation emerge?

There was a vision at the beginning and the initiators developed their plans step on step.

7. Who was the initiator?

Mr. Jochum together with the Vize-major of Oberdrauburg.

8. How does it work / function?

There has been a good progress until now and the initiators hope that it will go on in the same way as so far.

9. Who is the provider?

There is no singular but a wide range of supply of different provider.

10. Why is it considered innovative?

The idea is not only to install a residential home for elder people but to provide a local area with all infrastructure needed (medicine, food, coiffeur, post, police, massage, cafés, diverse trade, taverns, drugstore, leisure-infrastructure, public transport, tobacconist etc…) that can be reached by the elderlys within 200 metres per foot. The area is located in the centre of the town and the people are socially involved to the local activities.

11. Has the provision required special institutional arrangements?


Collaboration with the Regional Management, Municipality, Cultural Heritage Authority, University of Innsbruck, Landesmuseum of Carinthia, Sozialhilfeverband Spittal, AVS.

12. What were the initial costs (in €) and how was it financed?

Since 2001 LEADER+ -Funds amounting to 100.000 EUR generated about 450.000 EUR overall investments. Including all private means of all partners and other subsidies led to 2.031.000 EUR investment costs.

13. What are the annual running costs (in €) and how are they financed?

The running costs cannot be estimated because of the diversity of actors within the project and the financing is partly private and partly by subsidies.

14. Are there any problems / obstacles encountered / identified so far?

Long running time for decisions, long-winded negotiations with different partners.

15. Any feedback and/or evaluation available? Do you plan to asses the operation? How?

No.

16. Future plans

Improvement of supply of infrastructure, approbation of the realization of a residential home for the elderly people, to install a competence centre for health (oculist/gynaecologist/dermatologist).

17. Do you think that this good practice is transferable to other regions? (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable)

It is difficult to estimate the transferability as the surrounding conditions are different in other partner regions, but the most important points for a successful realization are personal engagement, a wide catchment area with a good existing infrastructure, a good communication culture, good network-building between initiators, experts, subsidy authorities, government etc. and a good concept (2-medium).

18. Do you think that this good practice is transferable to other areas of domain in public services? (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable)

No estimation possible.

19. Contact information

Municipality of Oberdrauburg, Tel. 04710-2695, [email protected]

Good Practice Examples 2: Bauernladen St. Daniel (farmer´s store of St. Daniel)



Others:

2. Target group

Local people, tourists and farmers

3. Territorial level or extent

Community-area (733 inh.) and catchment area: Lienz and Upper-Drautal (20.000 inh.)


4. For how long it has been running / operating?

The shop is in operation since 1992, 2002 it was reconstructed. 1995 the private investments from the households were substituted by the entrance of the “Bioverein”. 2007 the private limited company (GmbH) was liquidated and the “Bioverein” was responsible for the running of the shop and let it to an employee of the shop for rent.

5. Basic idea and aim of your good practice in the provision of public services?

It was the private initiative of four people from the town to reopen the closed retail-shop in the year 1990. The local people could participate to the start-capital, private investments from 150 EUR upwards were possible. Within 14 days over 7.000 EUR were deposited and thus the privat-fund-ratio for the LEADER project was available.

6. Background / main reasons for implementation of this particular service and how did the operation emerge?

No provider any more in the local centre resp. where can the farmers supply their products (neighbourhood community or local centre?)

7. Who was the initiator?

Mr. H. Zankl, Mr. W. Daberer

8. How does it work / function?

National subsidy and private means for the investments (reconstruction of the old shop), foundation of a union and employment of two employees/one part-time employee, Supply: local supply for the community, products of local farmers, regional handcraft, organization of events and fests, 2002 the shop was modified;

9. Who is the provider?

Originally a limited liability company, from 1995 additionally an union with private participators and from 2007 the company was cancelled and the Bioverein adopted the operational function, lateron the shop was rent out to an employee.

10. Why is it considered innovative?

It was a private initiative, that on the one hand ensured the local supply and on the other hand created the possibility to sell local agricultural products all over the year.

11. Has the provision required special institutional arrangements?

Foundation of an union with participation of households, modification 1995: financial participation of households were substituted by the entrance of the Bioverein, rental contract with employee;

12. What were the initial costs (in €) and how was it financed?

Starting costs were 100.000 EUR, they got a regional subsidy of 90%, 10% were private.

13. What are the annual running costs (in €) and how are they financed?

Day-to-day costs were covered by the earnings (sales volume: 250.000)

14. Are there any problems / obstacles encountered / identified so far?

Investment costs could not be financed by the earnings (reliability from subsidies)!

15. Any feedback and/or evaluation available? Do you plan to asses the operation? How?

No.


16. Future plans

Since 2007 the shop is operating in a good way.

17. Do you think that this good practice is transferable to other regions? (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable)

The operators think that this model may be successful in other regions.

18. Do you think that this good practice is transferable to other areas of domain in public services? (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable)

-

19. Contact information

Bioladen St. Daniel im Gailtal, Hr. Hubert Zankl


8. Appendix II: Maps (resolution on municipality level) and Statistical Data

A Social Data – Population Structure and Area

populationdevelopment

resident Population

number of households

area

from 1991 to 2008

year 2008 year 2001

in percent in unit person Number of in square km Indicator 1 POP_ACT HOHO_ACT AREA_ACT

NUTS_2 Kärnten 0,14 561094 225127 9535,88NUTS_3 Oberkärnten 0,02 130144 48742 3319,63Bezirk Hermagor -0,28 19294 7083 808,02Gemeinde Dellach -0,10 1366 489 36,17Stadtgemeinde Hermagor-Pressegger S. -0,18 7182 2751 204,84Marktgemeinde Kirchbach -0,14 2781 918 99,03Marktgemeinde Kötschach-Mauthen -0,27 3510 1364 154,48Gemeinde St. Stefan i. Gailtal -0,79 1654 658 66,33Gemeinde Gitschtal -0,31 1302 451 56,48Gemeinde Lesachtal -0,62 1499 452 190,69

NUTS_2 Kärnten 0,14 561094 225127 9535,88NUTS_3 Unterkärnten -0,10 155944 59824 3374,78Bezirk Völkermarkt -0,05 43056 16280 907,49Stadtgemeinde Bleiburg -0,29 3923 1475 69,72Gemeinde Diex -,066 843 284 54,94Marktgemeinde Eberndorf 0,08 5998 2341 67,64Marktgemeinde Eisenkappel-Vellach -1,17 2489 1113 199,12Marktgemeinde Feistritz ob Bleiburg 0,31 2118 732 54,07Gemeinde Gallizien 0,04 1758 685 46,80Gemeinde Globasnitz 0,24 1658 577 38,43Marktgemeinde Griffen -0,08 3657 1291 74,74Gemeinde Neuhaus -0,61 1159 396 36,35Gemeinde Ruden -0,44 1555 564 42,44Gemeinde St. Kanzian a. K. 0,41 4401 1686 40,94Gemeinde Sittersdorf -0,32 2100 799 44,97Stadtgemeinde Völkermarkt 0,17 11397 4337 137,33


A Social Data – Age Pattern

old age dependency ratio

young age dependency ratio

populationelder 64 years

populationyounger 15 years

year 2008 year 2008 year 2008 year 2008in percent in percent in unit person in unit person Indicator 2a Indicator 2b POP_OLD POP_YOUN

NUTS_2 Kärnten 26 14 104116 56322NUTS_3 Oberkärnten 27 15 24666 13394Bezirk Hermagor 34 23 4205 2842Gemeinde Dellach 32 25 281 217Stadtgemeinde Hermagor-Pressegger S. 34 22 1573 2171004Marktgemeinde Kirchbach 32 25 562 449Marktgemeinde Kötschach-Mauthen 35 23 777 517Gemeinde St. Stefan i. Gailtal 37 19 395 201Gemeinde Gitschtal 35 22 290 185Gemeinde Lesachtal 36 30 327 269

NUTS_2 Kärnten 26 14 104116 56322NUTS_3 Unterkärnten 26 15 29208 16276Bezirk Völkermarkt 28 23 7896 6597Stadtgemeinde Bleiburg 28 22 742 563Gemeinde Diex 38 24 199 124Marktgemeinde Eberndorf 25 23 1025 914Marktgemeinde Eisenkappel-Vellach 40 20 618 318Marktgemeinde Feistritz ob Bleiburg 24 25 337 357Gemeinde Gallizien 29 21 341 249Gemeinde Globasnitz 25 24 280 271Marktgemeinde Griffen 26 25 631 604Gemeinde Neuhaus 36 23 260 168Gemeinde Ruden 27 24 276 245Gemeinde St. Kanzian a. K. 27 24 792 707Gemeinde Sittersdorf 29 19 405 276Stadtgemeinde Völkermarkt 26 24 1990 1801


B Socio-Economic Data – Maximum Population Ratio (with commuters and tourists)

maximumpopulationratio

commuters coming into work

commuters leaving out for work

overnight stays in Tourism

year 2008 year 2001 year 2001 year 2008Indicator 3 WORK_IN WORK_OUT OVNSTAY_T

NUTS_2 Kärnten 104 110292 120710 12930823NUTS_3 Oberkärnten 108 22697 31262 6935602Bezirk Hermagor 115 2411 3585 146907Gemeinde Dellach 80 58 441 39512Stadtgemeinde Hermagor-Pressegger S. 144 1321 850 985323Marktgemeinde Kirchbach 89 247 712 55145Marktgemeinde Kötschach-Mauthen 115 639 464 124014Gemeinde St. Stefan i. Gailtal 75 43 539 29697Gemeinde Gitschtal 105 66 326 116642Gemeinde Lesachtal 107 37 253 116574

NUTS_2 Kärnten 104 110292 120710 12930823NUTS_3 Unterkärnten 95 26328 38698 1674999Bezirk Völkermarkt 96 7133 11766 1048385Stadtgemeinde Bleiburg 95 731 936 7560Gemeinde Diex 82 29 227 17624Marktgemeinde Eberndorf 89 947 1790 66440Marktgemeinde Eisenkappel-Vellach 95 212 591 90903Marktgemeinde Feistritz ob Bleiburg 129 1164 605 21779Gemeinde Gallizien 70 104 646 3707Gemeinde Globasnitz 68 47 576 960Marktgemeinde Griffen 88 526 983 1849Gemeinde Neuhaus 69 33 398 0Gemeinde Ruden 73 120 545 1740Gemeinde St. Kanzian a. K. 132 507 1252 780173Gemeinde Sittersdorf 78 212 709 12841Stadtgemeinde Völkermarkt 101 2501 2508 42809


B Socio-Economic Data – Economic Structure

develop-ment of enterprises

actual number of enterprises

number of enterprises

before

number of enterprises

before year 1991 to

2001year 2001 year 1991 year x

Indicator 4 ENT_ACT ENT_BACK ENT_BACKNUTS_2 Kärnten 1,84 27621 22984 NUTS_3 Oberkärnten 0,91 6589 6016 Bezirk Hermagor -0,12 1055 1068Gemeinde Dellach -0,57 34 36 Stadtgemeinde Hermagor-Pressegger S. 0,41 526 505Marktgemeinde Kirchbach -0,04 91 101 Marktgemeinde Kötschach-Mauthen -0,48 205 215 Gemeinde St. Stefan i. Gailtal -1,93 47 57 Gemeinde Gitschtal -0,41 71 74 Gemeinde Lesachtal 0,12 81 80

NUTS_2 Kärnten 1,84 27621 22984 NUTS_3 Unterkärnten 2,16 6602 5322 Bezirk Völkermarkt 1,28 1959 1724Stadtgemeinde Bleiburg 1,26 186 164 Gemeinde Diex 2,41 28 22 Marktgemeinde Eberndorf 2,41 271 213 Marktgemeinde Eisenkappel-Vellach 0,71 102 95 Marktgemeinde Feistritz ob Bleiburg 3,04 61 45 Gemeinde Gallizien -0,62 47 50 Gemeinde Globasnitz 4,31 40 26 Marktgemeinde Griffen 1,76 118 99 Gemeinde Neuhaus 2,88 28 21 Gemeinde Ruden 2,81 53 40 Gemeinde St. Kanzian a. K. -0,33 413 427 Gemeinde Sittersdorf 0,51 60 57 Stadtgemeinde Völkermarkt 1,72 552 465


C Spatial Data - Settlement

localsettlementconcentra-tion Ratio

larger 500

localsettlementconcentrat-ion Ratio

larger 1.000

populationliving in compact settlements

larger 500

populationliving in compact settlements

larger 1.000 year 2008 year 2008 year 2001 year 2001

in percent in percent in unit person in unit person Indicator 5 a Indicator 5b SETT_L500 SETT_L1000

NUTS_2 Kärnten NUTS_3 Oberkärnten Bezirk Hermagor 36 16 6952 3139Gemeinde Dellach 50 0 680 0Stadtgemeinde Hermagor-Pressegger S. 29 21 2062 1527Marktgemeinde Kirchbach 40 0 1113 0Marktgemeinde Kötschach-Mauthen 68 46 2372 1612Gemeinde St. Stefan i. Gailtal 0 0 0 0Gemeinde Gitschtal 56 0 725 0Gemeinde Lesachtal 0 0 0 0

NUTS_2 Kärnten NUTS_3 Unterkärnten Bezirk Völkermarkt 31 23 13384 9944Stadtgemeinde Bleiburg 34 34 1339 1339Gemeinde Diex 0 0 0 0Marktgemeinde Eberndorf 66 45 3961 2680Marktgemeinde Eisenkappel-Vellach 43 43 1066 1066Marktgemeinde Feistritz ob Bleiburg 0 0 0 0Gemeinde Gallizien 0 0 0 0Gemeinde Globasnitz 0 0 0 0Marktgemeinde Griffen 25 0 0899 0Gemeinde Neuhaus 0 0 0 0Gemeinde Ruden 0 0 0 0Gemeinde St. Kanzian a. K. 15 0 660 0Gemeinde Sittersdorf 0 0 0 0Stadtgemeinde Völkermarkt 48 43 5459 4859


C Spatial Data – Individual Traffic and Public Transport

regionalreachability

individual traffic

regionalreachability

publictransit

maximumfrequency

public traffic

distance to next regionalcenter

year 2009 year 2009 year 2009in minutes in minutes number of in km Indicator 6a Indicator 6b Indicator 7 optional !

NUTS_2 Kärnten NUTS_3 Oberkärnten Bezirk Hermagor 24 37 10Gemeinde Dellach 24 33 8 35Stadtgemeinde Hermagor-Pressegger S. 0 0 23

0

Marktgemeinde Kirchbach 15 23 7 15Marktgemeinde Kötschach-Mauthen 30 43 14 31Gemeinde St. Stefan i. Gailtal 13 19 7 12Gemeinde Gitschtal 12 17 8 8Gemeinde Lesachtal 52 90 6 57

NUTS_2 Kärnten NUTS_3 Unterkärnten Bezirk Völkermarkt 14 24 12Stadtgemeinde Bleiburg 19 28 10 20Gemeinde Diex 14 30 7 14Marktgemeinde Eberndorf 9 15 23 9Marktgemeinde Eisenkappel-Vellach 22 35 12 23Marktgemeinde Feistritz ob Bleiburg 20 35 8 20Gemeinde Gallizien 21 52 7 20Gemeinde Globasnitz 18 24 8 17Marktgemeinde Griffen 9 14 15 9Gemeinde Neuhaus 23 43 3 30Gemeinde Ruden 11 19 8 12Gemeinde St. Kanzian a. K. 10 18 7 10Gemeinde Sittersdorf 13 20 15 16Stadtgemeinde Völkermarkt 0 0 36 0


C Spatial Data – Every Day Needs and ICT

Density of

Groceries

food shops private broadband access

private internetusage

year 2002 year 2002 year x year xnumber of number of in percent in percent Indicator 8 FOOD_SHO Indicator 9a Indicator 9b

NUTS_2 Kärnten NUTS_3 Oberkärnten Bezirk Hermagor 439 44 no data available Gemeinde Dellach 683 2 Stadtgemeinde Hermagor-Pressegger S. 552 13Marktgemeinde Kirchbach 464 6 Marktgemeinde Kötschach-Mauthen 585 6 Gemeinde St. Stefan i. Gailtal 414 4 Gemeinde Gitschtal 217 6 Gemeinde Lesachtal 214 7

NUTS_2 Kärnten NUTS_3 Unterkärnten Bezirk Völkermarkt 545 79 no data available Stadtgemeinde Bleiburg 392 10Gemeinde Diex 422 2Marktgemeinde Eberndorf 461 13 Marktgemeinde Eisenkappel-Vellach 830 3 Marktgemeinde Feistritz ob Bleiburg 530 4 Gemeinde Gallizien 586 3 Gemeinde Globasnitz 553 3 Marktgemeinde Griffen 731 5 Gemeinde Neuhaus 1159 1 Gemeinde Ruden 1555 1 Gemeinde St. Kanzian a. K. 367 12 Gemeinde Sittersdorf 700 3 Stadtgemeinde Völkermarkt 600 19


9. Description of ACCESS Statistical Data

ACCESS Statistical Data contains data about region, subregion(s) and local units refering to test area(s).

Data Definition

Description is following columns of Excel sheet

Obligatory content in boldface

NUTS_2 Identifier of NUTS_2 Region European Type

NUTS_3 Identifier of NUTS_3 Region European Type

DISTRICT Identifier of Political or Administration Unit between NUTS_3 and Local Unit Level

ASS_LAU Identifier of Political or Administration Association of Local Units

LAU_NAT Identifier of Local Unit National Type

PUB_ORG Description of Public Organisation from NUTS_2 to Local Unit National Type

NAME_NAT Name of Public Organisation National Type

Insert Census Year into next row below field name!

AREA_ACT Most actual Area Unit Square Kilometre 2 decimal places

POP_ACT Most actual Resident Population Unit Person

POP_BACK Resident Population 10 to 20 years before actual census Unit Person

POP_OLD Most actual Population elder than 64 years Unit Person

POP_YOUNG Most actual Poulation younger than 15 years Unit Person

HOHO_ACT Most actual Number of Households

POP_WORK_IN Commuters coming to work from another Municipality Unit Person

POP_WORK_OUT Commuters leaving for work to another Municipality Unit Person

OVNSTAY_TOUR Annual Over Night Stays in Tourism Unit Person


ENT_ACT Most actual Number of Enterprises (without agricultural ones)

ENT_BACK Number of Enterprises 10 to 20 years before actual census

POP_SETT_L500 Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 500 Inhabitants Unit Person

POP_SETT_L1000 Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 1.000 Inhabitants Unit Person

REACH_REG_IT Time to reach Regional Centre by motorized individual Traffic Unit Minutes

REACH_REG_PT Time to reach Regional Centre by Public Traffic Unit Minutes

FREQ_PTRAF Daily Departures of Public Bus at the best served Station (line-stops only in one direction)

FOOD_SHOP Number of Shops offering Food (also baker and butcher but no petrol station)

HOHO_BBAND Number of Households with Internet Broadband Access

POP_INTUSE Population using Internet Unit Person

ACCESS Indicators

The Indicators of ACCESS represent statistical characteristics of preconditions for the establishment, the establishment itself and the impact of SGI. On one hand the indicators will be able to reveal disparities on a local level on the other they will also serve for the transnational comparison. It is important to mention that indicators are designed to get a clear picture of a sometimes complexe process influenced by society, economy etc. It is not always possible to capture all components of such a process.

In the following 2 indicators in the sphere of society, socio-economy and spatial development completed by indicators for ACCESS core themes (goods of daily need, Mobility and ICT).

The information for the indicators shall be collected on the municipality level (example Tyrol: Gemeinden), test area (example Tyrol: Bezirk Landeck) and region (example Tyrol: Bundesland Tirol). The indicators themselves will be calculated automatically on the basis of the statistical data filled in. Calculations of (regional) averages follow equal rules.


A recommendation of transnational classification of indicators values is raised finally.

A Social Indicators

Indicator 1 Population Development (Bevölkerungsentwicklung)

Annual average of the relative change in resident population for a time period of 10 – 20 years

POP_DEV = (fx LN POP_ACT – fx LN POP_BACK) / YEARS Percent 2 decimal places

fx LN Logarithmus Naturalis

Indicator 2a Old-age Dependency Ratio (Altenquotient)

The ratio of the number of the most actual Population elder than 64 years generally economically inactive divided by the number of persons of working age (15 – 65 years).

POP_OLD_RATE = POP_OLD / (POP_ACT – POP_OLD – POP_YOUNG) * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 2b Young age Dependency Ratio (Jugendqoutient)

The young-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the most actual Poulation younger than 15 yearsdivided by the number of persons of working age (15 – 65 years).

POP_YOUNG_RATE = POP_YOUNG / (POP_ACT – POP_OLD – POP_YOUNG) * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

B Socio-economic Indicators

Indicator 3 Maximum Population Ratio (Quotient der Maximalbevölkerung)

The ratio of the total of resident and working population as well as the number of touristic overnight stays (entire year) divided by the number of the resident population.

POP_MAX_RATE = (POP_ACT + POP_WORK_IN – POP_WORK_OUT + OVNSTAY_TOUR / 365) / POP_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 4 Development of Enterprises (Entwicklung von Unternehmen)

Average annual change in the number of enterprises (not including farms) for a time period of 10 – 20 years.

ENT_DEV = (fx LN ENT_ACT – fx LN ENT_BACK) / YEARS Percent 2 decimal places


C Spatial Indicators

Indicator 5a Settlement Concentration Ratio 500 (Siedlungskonzentration über 500 EW)

Ratio of the resident population living in compact settlements larger than 500 inhabitants divided by the most actual resident population.

SETT_CONC_L500 = POP_SETT_L500 / POP_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 5a Settlement Concentration Ratio 1.000 (Siedlungskonzentration 1.000 EW)

Ratio of the resident population living in compact settlements larger than 1.000 inhabitants divided by the most actual resident population.

SETT_CONC_L1.000 = POP_SETT_L1.000 / POP_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 6a Regional Reachability Individual Traffic (Regionale Erreichbarkeit im Individualverkehr)

Time spent in order to reach the next regional center (appoint name in data set and if it is outside or inside of testarea) by individual motorised traffic. Calculation of regional average is to weight on (local) resident population numbers without regard to that value of the regional center.

REACH_REG_IT Minutes 0 decimal places

Indicator 6b Regional Reachability Public Transit (Regionale Erreichbarkeit im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr)

Time spent in order to reach the next regional center (appoint name in data set and if it is outside or inside of testarea) by public transport. Calculation of regional average is to weight on (local) resident population numbers without regard to that value of the regional center.

REACH_REG_PT Minutes 0 decimal places

C Special Indicators (optional)

Indicator 7 Maximum Frequency Public Traffic (Maximale Bedienungsfrequenz im öffentlichen Nahverkehr)

Daily departures of public transport on best served stopping points (line stops only in one direction). Calculation of regional average is to weight on (local) resident population numbers without regard to that value of the regional center.

FREQ_PTRAF_MAX Number 0 decimal places


Indicator 8 Density of Groceries by Resident Population (Dichte an Einzelhandelsgeschäften mit Lebensmittelangebot nach der Wohnbevölkerung)

The number of most actual resident population divided by the number of groceries (incl. bakeries and butcheries)

DENS_GROC_POP = POP_ACT / FOOD_SHOP Person 0 decimal places

Indicator 9a Private Broadband Access (Breitband Zugang für Haushalte)

The ratio of the number of households with broad band access divided by the most actual number of households.

BBAND_PRVACC_RATE = HOHO_BBAND / HOHO_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 9b Private Internet Usage (Internetnutzung durch Private)

The ratio of the population using internet divided by the most actual resident population.

INTERNET_PRVUSE_RATE = POP_INTUSE / POP_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

D Classification

Similar legend of classification

Indicator Very low

low mean high very high

Color darkblue

blue yellow pink red

Value Ranges

1 POP_DEV < -0,99 -0,99 to -0,25 -0,24 to 0,25 0,26 to 1,00 > 1,00

2a POP_OLD_R. < |21 21 - 25 26 -30 31 - 35 > 35

2b POP_YOUNG_R. < 16 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 > 30

3 POP_MAX_RATE < 75 75 - 94 95 - 109 110 - 150 > 150

4 ENT_DEV < -0,99 -0,99 to -0,00 -0,01 to 1,00 1,01 to 2,00 > 2,00

5a SETT_CONC_L500 < 21 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 > 80

5b SETT_CONC_L1.000 < 21 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 > 80

6a REACH_REG_IT > 59 59 - 45 44 - 30 29 - 15 14 – 0

6b REACH_REG_PT > 59 59 - 45 44 - 30 29 - 15 14 – 0


7 FREQ_PTRAF_MAX 0 1 - 6 7 - 12 13 - 24 > 24

8 DENS_GROC_POP 0 > 1.000 501 – 1.000 251 – 500 1 - 250

9a BBAND_PRVACC_R. 0 -19 20 - 39 40 - 59 60 - 79 80 - 100

9b I.NET_PRVUSE_R. 0 -19 20 - 39 40 - 59 60 - 79 80 - 100

regional intermediate report carinthia · carinthia table of contents table of contents 2 table of...

Documents