Regents Biology 2007-2008

Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy

ATP

Regents Biology

Respiration Must have enzymes!!!

C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Photosynthesis Must have enzymes & light &

chlorophyll!!!!

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Regents Biology

Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers

What do we need energy for? synthesis (building) reproduction active transport (pumping) movement temperature control (making heat)

Regents Biology

Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in organic molecules

carbohydrates, fats, proteins Animals eat these organic molecules food

digest food to get fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids

Regents Biology 2007-2008

ATP

What is energy in biology?

Whoa! HOT stuff!

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Regents Biology

Harvesting energy stored in food Cellular respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen

usually digesting glucose but could be other sugars,

fats, or proteins

glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide

C6H12O6 6O26CO2 6H2O ATP+ + + + heat

Regents Biology

What do we need to make energy? The “Furnace” for making energy

mitochondria

Fuel food

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

The Helpers oxygen

“aerobic” enzymes

O2

food

ATP

Make ATP!Make ATP!

All I do all day…And no one

even notices!

enzymes

Regents Biology

Mitochondria are everywhere!!

animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells

Regents Biology

CO2 + H2O + heatfuel

(carbohydrates)

O2

“Burn fuels” to make energycombustionmaking heat energy by burning fuels in one step

ATP

CO2 + H2O + ATP (+ heat)

aerobic respirationmaking ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps

food(carbohydrates)

O2

Regents Biology

Using ATP to do work?

A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second

Can’t store ATP too unstableonly used in cell

that produces itonly short term

energy storage carbohydrates & fats

are long term energy storage

ATP

ADP + P

work

Whoa! Pass me the

glucose & oxygen!

Adenosine DiPhosphate

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Regents Biology

A Body’s Energy Budget

eatfood

synthesis(building)

• energy needed even at rest

• activity• temperature

control{

• growth• reproduction• repair{

storage• glycogen

(animal starch)• fat{

ATP

Regents Biology

What if oxygen is missing? Can’t complete aerobic respiration

Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) alcohol fermentation

yeast glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol make beer, wine, bread

lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals

glucose ATP + lactic acid bacteria make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue

O2

but only make a little bit of ATP!but only make a little bit of ATP!

Regents Biology

Glycolysis p. 97 Cytoplasm 2ATP-activation energy Glucose 2 pyruvic acids (pyruvates) 2 NAD2NADH 4 ADP4 ATP(substrate level

phosphorylation)

Regents Biology

Oxidation of pyruvic acid p. 98 Mitochondria 2 pyruvic acid2 acetyl 2 NAD2 NADH

2 CO2 given off

Regents Biology

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)p.99 occurs in matrix CoA ushers acetyl in Acetyl joins with O acid to form citric acid

2 CO2 are released

1 ATP made (substrate level phosphorylation) 3 NADH

1FADH2

Turns twice

Regents Biology

Electron Transport Chain p.100 Peter Mitchell Chemiosmosis Proton Gradient Oxidative phosphorylation Occurs in cristae NADH and FADH2 drop off electrons As electrons move down, protons are

pumped into intermembrane space Protons rush through ATP Synthase

and make 36 ATP