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Theberge, J.B., and Wedeles, C.H.R. (1989). Prey selection and habitat partitioning in

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67, 1285-1290.

Thompson, M.B. (1983). Populations of Murray River tortoise, Emydura (Chelodina): the

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Fennica 171, 267-270.


76

APPENDIX 1 Development of a rank scoring system to predict fox impact

A model to rank the likelihood of population-level impacts of fox predation on threatened fauna(including threatened populations and subspecies) was developed to establish priorities for foxcontrol. The model is based on that proposed by Dickman (1996b) to rank the susceptibility ofnative fauna to impacts from cat predation, modified to account for existing information on foximpacts (Section 4). In particular, the model gives weight to medium-sized ground-dwellingand semi-arboreal mammals, ground-nesting birds and chelid tortoises in open microhabitats.The specific factors used in the model were body mass, microhabitat use, spacing, anti-predatorbehaviour, mobility and fecundity. The justification and scoring criteria for each of thesefactors are detailed below.

The rank score for likelihood of impact was defined as:

Sensitivity rating = (microhabitat score) X (prey mass score + fecundity score + anti-predator behaviour score + spacing score + mobility score).

This model gives particular emphasis to microhabitat (multiplicative factor) so that species ininaccessible microhabitats score zero. The model provides a reasonable partitioning of speciesfor which there is information on fox impact (i.e. species for which there is evidence for impactgot high scores, while those with evidence against impact got low scores; cf. Section 4).

Rank scores were compared across all threatened species, subspecies and populations. Highpriority (population impacts likely) was given to species with a sensitivity rating > 10. Lowpriority (population impacts unlikely) was given to species with a sensitivity rating < 10.Medium priority was given to species with a sensitivity rating = 10. Fox control at sitestargeting medium priority species will occur if and only if the species is restricted to one or twolocations in the state (Section 5.3.1).

All amphibians scored < 10 (low priority for fox control). This is consistent with the availabledata suggesting that the impact of fox predation on these species is insignificant compared toother sources of mortality (Section 4). However, the most vulnerable frogs are probably theMixophyes species, large forest frogs that are occasionally active away from riparian zones onthe forest floor. Bats and pelagic birds also scored low; data for these taxa are not presented inthe accompanying tables.

Prey microhabitat use

This factor describes the accessibility of potential prey species to foxes. It reflects the evidencethat the impacts of fox predation are greatest on species inhabiting open microhabitats (Section4, Dickman 1996a) by attributing a higher score to these species. Birds are scored on theaccessibility of chicks and eggs to foxes. Species in inaccessible habitats scored zero, and thusscore zero in the model.

MammalsScore Microhabitat use0 Prey using inaccessible microhabitats.1 Terrestrial species using dense ground cover in forests and woodlands (including

species that forage in isolated cleared patches within forests with generally denseunderstorey); terrestrial species using dense ground cover in open grasslands (e.g. taxaactive in or on the edge of spinifex); predominantly arboreal species.

2 Arboreal species which regularly traverse open ground; terrestrial species instructurally simple microhabitats or areas of patchy dense and open habitats (e.g.


77

species promoted by patch burning); terrestrial species which forage and shelter inhabitats providing refuge from predation, but that regularly traverse open areas betweenpatches of habitat.

3 Terrestrial species in open microhabitats; terrestrial species which shelter in habitatsthat provide refuge from predation, but that forage in wide open areas between patchesof refugia.

BirdsScore Microhabitat use0 Pelagic; offshore islands where foxes are absent; canopy species; arboreal nesting

species foraging on the ground or in low canopy but in dense microhabitats (e.g. heath).1 Arboreal nesting species with ground foraging in open microhabitats; ground or low-

arboreal nesting and foraging species in dense microhabitats (e.g. heath).2 Cryptic ground or low-arboreal nesting species in open habitats (e.g. in long tussock

and hummock grass); species with partly accessible nesting sites in terrestrial wetlands.3 Ground nesting in open microhabitats in grasslands, open woodlands and coastal dunes.

ReptilesScore Microhabitat use0 Prey using inaccessible microhabitats.1 Species in rocky habitats typically sheltering in crevices.2 Burrowing species in open habitats (including blind snakes); species that shelter under

leaf litter and other material that does not prohibit access by foxes.3 Species foraging in open microhabitats; species that lay eggs in open habitats (e.g.

turtles).

AmphibiansScore Microhabitat use0 Species using dense vegetation or boulders in gorges, ravines etc.1 Species using dense vegetation or boulders adjacent to water in areas that are accessible

to foxes; burrowing species that are active infrequently (e.g. only after heavy rain).2 Species inhabiting boggy open habitats beside water (e.g. sphagnum bogs); forest

species found typically under leaf litter and other cover accessible to foxes.3 Species that move out into open forest or open grass areas to feed.

Prey mass

This factor describes the differential impacts of foxes on fauna of different sizes. In particular,it reflects the evidence that the impacts of fox predation are greatest on medium-sized species(450-5000 g; Section 4, Dickman 1996a) by attributing a higher score to these species. A lowscore was attributed to small species (taken conservatively as < 50 g), consistent with theexperimental evidence showing that many small mammal populations are not limited by foxpredation (see Banks 1997 for a review). However, no species scored zero, as none wereconsidered too large or too small to be impacted. For amphibians, size classes are defined bysnout-vent lengths because species’ masses were not readily available.

Mammals, birds, reptilesScore Mass0 (no species)1 < 50 g2 50-450 g; > 5000 g3 450-5000 g


78

AmphibiansScore Snout-vent length0 (no species)1 < 80 mm2 ≥ 80 mm3 (no species)

Anti-predator adaptation

This factor describes the potential for prey species to decrease the probability of predationthrough behavioural responses to predation risk. This factor is intuitive rather than based onthe review of evidence (Section 4).

Mammals, reptiles, amphibiansScore Adaptation0 Species with behaviours effective in decreasing the risk of predation (other than

reduced foraging), such as group vigilance, aggression and locomotion.1 Species lacking such behaviours.

BirdsScore Adaptation0 Flight1 Flightless or limited flight

Local distribution

This factor describes the potential for predators to have a greater impact on prey populations ifindividuals are clumped in distribution. This factor is intuitive rather than based on the reviewof evidence (Section 4).

Mammals, reptiles, amphibiansScore Distribution0 Animals which are typically solitary; animals dispersed throughout habitat.1 Animals clumped on a local scale, including communal nesting species.

BirdsScore Nesting0 Solitary1 Colonies

Mobility

This factor describes the potential for prey populations to compensate for the loss of individualsby rapid colonisation of vacant habitat. This factor is intuitive rather than based on the reviewof evidence (section 4).

Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibiansScore Mobility0 Mobile, rapidly colonising.1 Sedentary and/or territorial.


79

Fecundity

This factor describes the potential for prey species with a high intrinsic rate on increase tocompensate for high mortality. This factor is intuitive rather than based on the review ofevidence (Section 4).

Mammals, reptiles, amphibiansScore Young/year0 ≥ 101 5-92 3-43 0-2

Birds - single clutch per year:Score Young/year0 ≥ 101 5-92 3-43 0-2

Birds - known to relay if disturbed or have multiple clutchesScore Young/year0 ≥ 51 3-42 0-23 (no species)


80

MammalsCommon

NameScientific

nameMicro-habitat

Weightrange

Anti-predator

behaviour

Localdistributn

Mobility Fecundity Sensitivityrating

Rufous Bettong Aepyprymnusrufescens

3 3 1 0 1 3 24

Brush-tailedRock-wallaby

Petrogalepenicillata

3 2 0 1 1 3 21

Yellow-footedRock-wallaby

Petrogalexanthopus

3 2 0 1 1 3 21

Black-stripedWallaby(Narrabri Pops.)

Macropusdorsalis

2 2 0 1 1 3 14

Broad-toothedRat

Mastacomysfuscus

2 2 1 1 1 2 14

Long-footedPotoroo

Potorouslongipes

2 3 1 0 1 2 14

Southern BrownBandicoot

Isoodonobesulus

2 3 1 0 1 1 12

Long-nosedbandicoot (NorthHead Pops.)

Peramelesnasuta

2 3 1 0 1 1 12

Koala1 Phascolarctoscinereus

2 2 1 0 0 3 12

Long-haired Rat Rattusvillosissimus

3 2 1 1 0 0 12

Mountain PygmyPossum

Burramysparvus

2 1 1 1 0 2 10

Spotted-tailedQuoll

Dasyurusmaculatus

2 3 0 0 1 1 10

Brush-tailedPhascogale

Phascogaletapoatafa

2 2 1 0 1 1 10

Smoky Mouse Pseudomysfumeus

2 2 1 1 0 1 10

Eastern ChestnutMouse

Pseudomysgracilicaudatus

2 2 1 0 1 1 10

Forrest's Mouse Leggadinaforresti

3 1 1 0 0 1 9

Yellow-belliedGlider

Petaurusaustralis

1 3 1 1 1 3 9

White-footedDunnart

Sminthopsisleucopus

3 1 1 0 0 1 9

Parma Wallaby Macropusparma

1 3 1 0 1 3 8

Squirrel Glider Petaurusnorfolcensis

1 2 1 1 1 3 8

CommonPlanigale

Planigalemaculata

2 1 1 0 1 1 8

Red-leggedPademelon

Thylogalestigmatica

1 3 1 0 1 3 8

Black-stripedWallaby

Macropusdorsalis

1 2 0 1 1 3 7

Long-nosedPotoroo

Potoroustridactylus

1 3 1 0 1 2 7

Hastings RiverMouse

Pseudomysoralis

1 2 1 0 1 1 5

Pilliga Mouse Pseudomyspilligaensis

1 1 1 0 1 1 4

1 Given available data suggesting that fox predation is an insignificant source of mortality for koalas (Section4) this species was demoted to low priority.


81

CommonName

Scientificname

Micro-habitat

Weightrange

Anti-predator

behaviour

Localdistributn


Kultarr Antechinomyslaniger

3 1 0 0 0 0 3

SouthernNingaui

Ningauiyvonneae

1 1 1 0 0 1 3

Bolam's Mouse Pseudomysbolami

1 1 1 1 0 0 3

Sandy InlandMouse

Pseudomys her-mannsburgensis

1 1 1 1 0 0 3

Stripe-facedDunnart

Sminthopsismacroura

1 1 1 0 0 0 2

Birds

Albert's Lyrebird Menura alberti 3 3 1 0 1 3 24

Bush Stone-curlew

Burhinusgrallarius

3 3 0 0 1 2 18

Chestnut Quail-thrush

Cinclosomacastanotus

3 2 0 0 1 3 18

Beach Stone-curlew

Esacusneglectus

3 3 0 0 1 2 18

PiedOystercatcher

Haematopuslongirostris

3 3 0 0 1 2 18

FlockBronzewing

Phapshistrionica

3 2 0 1 0 3 18

AustralianBustard

Ardeotisaustralis

3 3 0 0 0 2 15

Southern Scrub-robin

Drymodesbrunneopygia

3 1 0 0 1 3 15

Squatter Pigeon Geophapsscripta

3 2 0 0 1 2 15

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata 3 3 1 0 1 0 15

Little Tern Sterna albifrons 3 2 0 1 0 2 15

AustralasianBittern

Botauruspoiciloptilus

2 3 0 0 1 2 12

Brolga Grus rubicunda 2 3 0 1 0 2 12

Plains-wanderer Pedionomustorquatus

3 2 0 0 1 1 12

Hooded Plover Thinornisrubricollis

3 2 0 0 1 1 12

Grey Grasswren Amytornisbarbatus

2 1 0 0 1 3 10

Bush Hen Amaurornisolivaceus

2 2 1 0 1 0 8

StriatedGrasswren

Amytornisstriatus

2 1 0 0 1 2 8

Magpie Goose Anseranassemipalmata

2 3 0 1 0 0 8

StriatedFieldwren

Calamanthusfuliginosus

2 1 0 0 1 2 8

Shy Heathwren Hylacola cauta 2 1 0 0 1 2 8

Scarlet-chestedParrot

Neophemasplendida

2 1 0 1 0 2 8


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CommonName

Scientificname

Micro-habitat

Weightrange

Anti-predator

behaviour

Localdistributn


Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis 2 3 0 0 0 1 8

Gilbert'sWhistler

Pachycephalainornata

2 1 0 0 1 2 8

Red-loredWhistler

Pachycephalarufogularis

2 1 0 0 1 2 8

Redthroat Pyrrholaemusbrunneus

2 1 0 0 1 2 8

Painted Snipe Rostratulabenghalensis

2 2 0 0 0 2 8

Mallee Emu-wren

Stipiturusmallee

2 1 0 0 1 2 8

Grass Owl Tyto capensis 2 3 0 0 0 1 8

Thick-billedGrasswren

Amytornistextilis

2 1 0 0 1 1 6

Rufous Scrub-bird

Atrichornisrufescens

1 1 1 0 1 3 6

Glossy Black-cockatoo

Calyptorhyn-chus lathami

1 2 0 1 0 3 6

Black-neckedStork

Ephippiorhy-nchus asiaticus

1 3 0 0 1 2 6

SootyOystercatcher

Haematopusfuliginosus

1 3 0 0 1 2 6

Black-breastedBuzzard

Hamirostramelanosternon

1 3 0 0 1 2 6

Purple-gapedHoneyeater

Lichenostomuscratitius

2 1 0 0 0 2 6

Hall's Babbler Pomatostomushalli

1 2 0 0 1 3 6

Major Mitchell'sCockatoo

Cacatualeadbeateri

1 2 0 0 1 2 5

EasternBristlebird

Dasyornisbrachypterus

1 1 1 0 1 2 5

Comb-crestedJacana

Irediparragallinacea

1 2 0 0 1 2 5

MangroveHoneyeater

Lichenostomusfasciogularis

1 1 0 0 1 3 5

Black-earedMiner

Manorinamelanotis

1 1 0 1 1 2 5

Olive Whistler Pachycephalaolivacea

1 2 0 0 1 2 5

Ground Parrot Pezoporuswallicus

1 2 0 0 1 2 5

CollaredKingfisher

Todiramphuschloris

1 2 0 0 1 2 5

Black-breastedButton-quail

Turnixmelanogaster

1 2 0 0 1 2 5

Black Bittern Ixobrychusflavicollis

1 2 0 0 1 1 4

Black-throatedFinch

Poephila cincta 1 1 0 0 1 2 4

Regent Parrot Polytelisanthopeplus

1 2 0 1 0 1 4

Superb Parrot Polytelisswainsonii

1 2 0 1 0 1 4


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CommonName

Scientificname

Micro-habitat

Weightrange

Anti-predator

behaviour

Localdistributn


Freckled Duck Stictonettanaevosa

1 3 0 1 0 0 4

Pied Honeyeater Certhionyxvariegatus

1 1 0 0 0 2 3

Turquoise Parrot Neophemapulchella

1 1 0 0 0 2 3

Pink Robin Petroicarodinogaster

1 1 0 0 0 2 3

Sanderling Calidris alba 1 2 0 0 0 0 2Great Knot Calidris

tenuirostris1 2 0 0 0 0 2

Greater SandPlover

Charadriusleschenaulti

1 2 0 0 0 0 2

Lesser SandPlover

Charadriusmongolus

1 2 0 0 0 0 2

Swift Parrot Lathamusdiscolor

1 2 0 0 0 0 2

Black-tailedGodwit

Limosa limosa 1 2 0 0 0 0 2

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus 1 2 0 0 0 0 2

Broad-billedSandpiper

Limicolafalcinellus

1 1 0 0 0 0 1

Red-tailedBlack-cockatoo

Calyptorhynchus banksii

0 3 0 0 1 3 0

Barred Cuckoo-shrike

Coracinalineata

0 2 0 0 0 3 0

Double-eyedFig-parrot

Cyclopsittadiophthalmacoxeni

0 1 0 1 0 3 0

Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchisradiatus

0 3 0 0 1 2 0

Grey Falcon Falcohypoleucos

0 3 0 0 1 1 0

Purple-crownedLorikeet

Glossopsitta po-rphyrocephala

0 1 0 1 0 2 0

PaintedHoneyeater

Grantiella picta 0 1 0 1 0 2 0

Square-tailedKite

Lophoictiniaisura

0 3 0 0 0 1 0

White-earedMonarch

Monarchaleucotis

0 1 0 0 0 3 0

Cotton Pygmy-goose

Nettapus coro-mandelianus

0 2 0 1 0 0 0

Barking Owl Ninox connivens 0 3 0 0 1 2 0

Powerful Owl Ninox strenua 0 3 0 0 1 3 0

Osprey Pandionhaliaetus

0 3 0 0 1 1 0

MarbledFrogmouth

Podargusocellatus

0 3 0 0 1 3 0

Grey Ternlet Procelsternacerulea

0 2 0 0 0 0 0

Wompoo Fruit-dove

Ptilinopusmagnificus

0 3 0 0 1 2 0


84

CommonName

Scientificname

Micro-habitat

Weightrange

Anti-predator

behaviour

Localdistributn


Rose-crownedFruit-dove

Ptilinopusregina

0 2 0 0 1 3 0

Superb Fruit-dove

Ptilinopussuperbus

0 2 0 0 1 2 0

Masked Owl Tytonovaehollandiae

0 3 0 0 1 2 0

Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa 0 3 0 0 1 3 0

RegentHoneyeater

Xanthomyzaphrygia

0 1 0 1 0 1 0

Reptiles

Bell’s Elsya Elseya belli 3 3 0 1 1 0 15

Bellinger RiverEmydura

Emyduramacquarii

3 3 0 1 1 0 15

Centralian Blue-tongued Lizard

Tiliquamultifasciata

3 3 0 0 0 2 15

South-easternLined EarlessDragon

Tympanocryptislineatapinguicolla

3 1 1 0 0 3 15

Stimson's Python Liasis stimsoni 3 2 1 0 0 1 12

Narrow-bandedSnake

Simoselapsfasciolatus

3 1 1 0 0 2 12

Western Blue-tongued Lizard

Tiliquaoccipitalis

3 3 0 0 0 1 12

Woma Aspiditesramsayi

3 3 1 0 0 0 12

Collared Whip-snake

Demansiatorquata

3 1 1 0 0 2 12

Mallee Worm-lizard

Aprasia inaurita 2 1 1 0 0 3 10

Five-clawedWorm-skink

Anomalopusmackayi

2 1 1 0 0 2 8

Gunther's Skink Cyclodomorph-us branchialis

2 1 1 0 0 2 8

Bardick Echiopsis curta 2 1 1 0 1 1 8

Interior BlindSnake

Ramphotyphlopsendoterus

2 1 1 0 0 2 8

Rosenberg’sGoanna

Varanusrosenbergi

2 3 1 0 0 0 8

White-crownedSnake

Cacophisharriettae

2 1 1 0 0 1 6

Blue MountainsWater Skink

Eulamprusleuraensis

1 1 1 1 0 3 6

Little Whip-snake

Suta flagellum 2 1 1 0 0 1 6

Pink-tailedWorm-lizard

Aprasiaparapulchella

1 1 1 0 0 3 5

Three-toedSnake-toothSkink

Coeranoscincusreticulatus

1 2 1 0 0 2 5

Striped LeglessLizard

Delma impar 1 1 1 0 0 3 5


85

CommonName

Scientificname

Micro-habitat

Weightrange

Anti-predator

behaviour

Localdistributn


Broad-headedSnake

Hoplocephalisbungaroides

1 2 1 0 1 1 5

Centralian Ran-ges Rock-skink

Egerniamargaretae

1 1 1 0 0 2 4

Pale-headedSnake

Hoplocephalusbitorquatus

1 2 1 0 0 1 4

Border Thick-tailed Gecko

Underwoodisau-rus sphyrurus

1 1 0 0 0 3 4

Stephen'sBanded Snake

Hoplocephalusstephensii

1 1 1 0 0 1 3

Lord Howe Is.Southern Gecko

Christinusguentheri

0 1 0 0 0 3 0

Lord HoweIsland Skink

Pseudemoialichenigera

0 1 1 0 0 3 0

Amphibians

Stuttering Frog Mixophyesbalbus

3 2 1 0 0 0 9

Fleay's BarredFrog

Mixophyesfleayi

3 2 1 0 0 0 9

Giant BarredFrog

Mixophyesiteratus

3 2 1 0 0 0 9

Green-thighedFrog

Litoriabrevipalmata

2 1 1 1 1 0 8

Pouched Frog Assa darlingtoni 2 1 1 0 1 0 6

Mountain Frog Philoriakundagungan

2 1 1 0 1 0 6

Loveridge’s Frog Philorialoveridgei

2 1 1 0 1 0 6

NorthernCorroboree Frog

Pseudophrynepengilleyi

2 1 0 1 1 0 6

Corroboree Frog Pseudophrynecorroboree

2 1 0 1 1 0 6

Giant BurrowingFrog

Heleioporusaustraliacus

1 2 1 0 1 0 4

Green andGolden BellFrog

Litoria aurea 1 2 1 1 0 0 4

Booroolong Frog Litoriabooroolongensis

1 1 1 1 1 0 4

Yellow-spottedTree frog

Litoria castanea 1 2 1 1 0 0 4

Southern BellFrog

Litoriaraniformis

1 2 1 1 0 0 4

Glandular Frog Litoriasubglandulosa

1 1 1 1 1 0 4

Red-crownedToadlet

Pseudophryneaustralis

1 1 1 1 1 0 4

Olongurra Frog Litoriaolongburensis

1 1 1 0 1 0 3

Peppered Frog Litoria piperata 1 1 1 0 1 0 3PaintedBurrowing Frog.

Neobatrachuspictus

1 1 1 0 1 0 3

Sphagnum Frog Philoriasphagnicola

1 1 1 0 1 0 3


86

CommonName

Scientificname

Micro-habitat

Weightrange

Anti-predator

behaviour

Localdistributn


Wallum Froglet Crinia tinnula 0 1 1 1 1 0 0

Spotted Frog Litoria spenceri 0 1 1 1 1 0 0


87

APPENDIX 2 Selecting priority sites for fox control

In order to establish priority sites for fox control, populations of high priority species (Table5.1) were identified from NPWS Wildlife Atlas and other species records. For each population,a subjective assessment was made (High H, Medium M or Low L) of (i) the potential for foximpact at the site, (ii) the ability to achieve effective fox control at that site and (iii) theimportance of the population to the species overall (see below). Priority sites for fox controlfor each species were then determined. Low priority was attributed to any site which scoredlow for any of the three categories. Medium priority was attributed to the remaining sites withat least two medium rankings. High priority was attributed to the remaining sites with at leasttwo high rankings. Sites were listed as requiring further assessment (A) where there wasinsufficient information (see below).

The potential for fox impact was scored on the expected level of fox activity and the degree ofhabitat fragmentation at a site. Thus, sites likely to have high fox densities including coastalbeaches, fragmented woodland and grassland sites in the semi-arid rangelands, alpine grasslandsites and fragmented forest sites abutting agricultural lands were scored high (Section 3.2). Incontrast, sites within continuous forest in the gorges of north-eastern New South Wales werescored low (Jarman 1986, Catling and Burt 1995). At seventeen of the sites listed, noinformation was available to predict the level of fox activity. These sites were either in areas ofisolated forest on the coastal plain in the state’s north-east or the edge of continuous forest onthe adjacent escarpment. Most of these sites have no history of fox control. These sites werelisted as requiring preliminary assessment of fox activity to determine their status (Section5.2.2).

The ability to achieve effective fox control was scored on the heterogeneity and nature of landtenure at a site. Thus, sites lying mostly on public lands where there is the potential to establishlarge buffer areas of fox control were scored high. However, sites constituting remnant patchesof habitat in rural and urban areas were scored as medium or low. Several sites lying entirelywithin public lands were rated as medium on the basis that access to the site is difficult.

The importance of the population to the species overall was determined in consultation with therelevant threatened species recovery teams and species experts. Factors considered in ratingpopulations included the size of the population and whether it occurred on the edge of thespecies range. For bird species vulnerable only as eggs or unfledged chicks, the importance ofthe site as a breeding area was the critical determinant.

Species Site Impact Effective Importance Priority

MammalsBlack-stripedWallaby

Brigalow Park (Narrabri) H M H H

Broad-toothed Rat Barrington Tops M H H HBroad-toothed Rat Snowy Mtns Main Range H H H HBroad-toothed Rat Kosciuszko North H H M HBrush-tailedRock-wallaby

Jenolan Caves M H H H


Lower Colo ? ? H A


Nth Wollemi Widden Valley H M H H


Nth Wollemi Martindale H M H H


St Albans M M H M


Broke H M H H


88

Species Site Impact Effective Importance PriorityBrush-tailedRock-wallaby

Watagans M H H H


Barnard River ? M M A


Aberfoyle River L NA L L


Guy Fawkes River L NA L L


Warrumbungles H M H H


Richmond Range ? H L L1


Yabbra ? H L L1


Girard ? H L L1


Timbarra-Ewingar ? H L L1


Ramornie-Jackadgery edge ? H L L1


Chaelundi-Kangaroo R edge ? H L L1


Gibralter Range L NA L L


Mann River L NA L L


Oxley Wild Rivers L NA L L


Kangaroo Valley H M H H


Demon NR H H L L


Attunga H M H H


Wollangambe L NA M L


Mt Pickapene M M L L


Taralga H M H H

Long-footedPotoroo

South East Forests (Sth Section) M H H H

Long-haired Rat Mutawinji H H L LLong-haired Rat Sturt H H H HLong-nosedBandicoot

North Head H H H H

Mountain PygmyPossum

Snowy Mtns Main Range H H H H

Rufous Bettong Chichester L NA H LRufous Bettong Mt Royal Range ? H H ARufous Bettong Kumbantine-Bellangry egde H H H HRufous Bettong Ramornie-Jackadgery edge ? H H ARufous Bettong Chaelundi-Kangaroo R edge ? H H ARufous Bettong Glenugie ? H H ARufous Bettong Grange ? M H ARufous Bettong Bungawalbin ? H H ARufous Bettong Koorelah ? H M ARufous Bettong Richmond Range ? H M A


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Species Site Impact Effective Importance PriorityRufous Bettong Tooloom ? H H ARufous Bettong Myrtle ? H H ARufous Bettong Yabbra ? H H ARufous Bettong Girard ? H H ARufous Bettong Timbarra-Ewingar ? H H ARufous Bettong Gibralter Range L NA L LSmoky Mouse South East Forests (Nullica) M H H HSouthern BrownBandicoot

Ben Boyd H H H H


Nadgee M H M M


South East Forests (Sth Section) M H H H


Ku-ring-gai Chase H H H H


Garigal H H H H


Mutawinji H H H H


Coturaundee H H H H

BirdsAlbert’s Lyrebird Nightcap ? H H AAlbert’s Lyrebird Mt Jerusalem ? H H AAlbert’s Lyrebird Mt Warning ? H H AAlbert’s Lyrebird Border Ranges East ? H H AAlbert’s Lyrebird Border Ranges West ? H L LAlbert’s Lyrebird Toonumbar ? H L LAlbert’s Lyrebird Koorelah ? H L LAustralasianBittern

The Entrance/ Chittaway Bay H L L L

AustralasianBittern

Kooragang Is/Stockton Beach H M L L

AustralasianBittern

Macquarie Marshes H M M M

AustralasianBittern

Bombing Range Beach H M L L

AustralasianBittern

Gibralter Range L NA L L

AustralasianBittern

Lake Wynagan H M L L

AustralasianBittern

Coomonderry Swamp H M H H

AustralasianBittern

Towra Pt H M L L

Australian Bustard Kinchega H H L LAustralian Bustard Mutawinji H H H HAustralian Bustard Nocoleche H H L LAustralian Bustard Peery Lake H H L LAustralian Bustard Sturt H H H HAustralian Bustard Macquarie Marshes H M L LBeach Stone-curlew

Manning R (Harrington-Farquhar) H M H H

Beach Stone-curlew

Clarence River Entrance H M M M


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Species Site Impact Effective Importance PriorityBeach Stone-curlew

Nambucca Heads H M H H

Beach Stone-curlew

Yuraygir Mid H H H H

Beach Stone-curlew

Yuraygir Sth H H H H

Brolga Nocoleche H H H HBrolga Peery Lake H H M MBrolga Sturt H H L LBrolga Kinchega H H L LBrolga Narren Lakes H M M MBrolga Clarence River Entrance H M H HBrolga Lower Clarence (Lawrence) H M L LBrolga Yuraygir mid H M L LBrolga Macquarie Marshes H M H HBrolga Bombing Range Beach H M L LBush Stone-curlew Murrumbidgee (Wagga –

Darlington Pt)H L H L

Bush Stone-curlew Henty H L M L

Bush Stone-curlew Murray (Albury –Barham) H L H LBush Stone-curlew Nth Canargo H M M MBush Stone-curlew Brisbane Waters H L M LBush Stone-curlew Bungawalbin ? H M ABush Stone-curlew Myrtle ? H M ABush Stone-curlew Nth Coast (from Coffs Harbour) M L M LBush Stone-curlew Gwydir Plains H L H LBush Stone-curlew Gulargambone H L M LChestnut Quail-thrush

Mallee Cliffs H H H H


Abbotts tank H H H H


Tarawi H H H H


Mungo H H M H


Yathong H H H H


Nombinnie/ Round Hill H H H H

Flock Bronzewing Sturt H H M HHooded Plover Ben Boyd H M H HHooded Plover Merimbula H L L LHooded Plover Moruya Estuary H M H HHooded Plover Nadgee H M M MHooded Plover Narooma-Mystery Bay H M M MHooded Plover Mimosa Rocks H H H HHooded Plover Wallagoot Lake H H H H


91

Species Site Impact Effective Importance PriorityHooded Plover Conjola-Ulladulla H M H HHooded Plover Murramarang (Durras Lake) H H H HLittle Tern Tathra Beach H M M MLittle Tern Tilba and Wallaga Lakes H M M MLittle Tern Tuross- Lake Brou H M H HLittle Tern Manning River (Harrington-

Farquhar)H M H H

Little Tern Nambucca Heads H M H HLittle Tern Sawtell/ Bongil Bongil H M H HLittle Tern Yuraygir Sth H M M MLittle Tern Lake Woolumboola H M H HLittle Tern Towra Pt H M H HMalleefowl Goonoo H H H HMalleefowl Mallee Cliffs H H H HMalleefowl Abbotts Tank H H H HMalleefowl Tarawi H H H HMalleefowl Yathong H H H HMalleefowl Nombinnie/Round Hill H H H HMalleefowl Mungo H H L LMalleefowl Buddigower H L L LMalleefowl The Charcoal Tank H L L LMalleefowl Loughnan H L L LMalleefowl Tollingo H M L LMalleefowl Woggoon H M L LMalleefowl Kinchega H H L LPied Oystercatcher Brisbane Waters M M L LPied Oystercatcher The Entrance/ Chittaway Bay H M L LPied Oystercatcher Mimosa Rocks H H M HPied Oystercatcher Boydtown H M L LPied Oystercatcher Moruya Estuary H M M MPied Oystercatcher Tathra Beach H M L LPied Oystercatcher Tilba and Wallaga Lakes H M M MPied Oystercatcher Tuross- Lake Brou H M H HPied Oystercatcher Wallagoot L H M L LPied Oystercatcher Forster/Wallis Lake H M L LPied Oystercatcher Kooragang Is/Stockton Beach H M L LPied Oystercatcher Clarence River Entrance H M M MPied Oystercatcher Lower Clarence (Lawrence) H M L LPied Oystercatcher Nambucca Heads H M L LPied Oystercatcher Sawtell/ Bongil Bongil H M L LPied Oystercatcher Yuraygir Mid H M M MPied Oystercatcher Yuraygir Sth H M M MPied Oystercatcher Bombing Range Beach H M M MPied Oystercatcher Broadwater Beach H M M MPied Oystercatcher Sth Ballina Beach H M H HPied Oystercatcher Conjola-Ulladulla H M H HPied Oystercatcher Coomerang Island H M H HPied Oystercatcher Murramarang H M M MPied Oystercatcher Seven Mile Beach H M L LPied Oystercatcher Lake Illawarra H M L L


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Species Site Impact Effective Importance PriorityPied Oystercatcher Towra Pt H M M MPlains-wanderer Nth Conargo H M H HPlains-wanderer Wanganella H M M MSouthern ScrubRobin

Mallee Cliffs H H H H

Southern ScrubRobin

Abbotts tank H H H H


Tarawi H H H H


Mungo H H M H


Yathong H H H H


Nombinnie/Round Hill H H H H


Buddigower H L L L


The Charcoal Tank H L L L


Loughnan H L L L

Squatter Pigeon Sturt H H M H

ReptilesBell’s Elseya Upper Gwydir & Macdonald H L M LBellinger RiverEmydura

Upper Bellinger River H M H H

Central Blue-tongued Lizard

Sturt H H M H

Collared Whip-snake

Sturt H H M M

Narrow-bandedSnake

Mutawinji H H M H

Narrow-bandedSnake

Sturt H H M H

South-easternLined EarlessDragon

Kuma NR H M H H

Stimson’s Python Mutawinji H H M HStimson’s Python Sturt H H M HWestern Blue-tongued Lizard

Tarawi H H H H


Mungo H H M H


Kinchega H H L L

Woma Sturt H H L L

1 These sites are listed as for further assessment for fox control for rufous bettong. Subsequent fox controlfor this species may benefit populations of brush-tailed rock wallabies.

Approved - NSW THREAT ABATEMENT PLAN

Predation by the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

December 2001

references 244 16...in ‘reintroduction biology of australian and new zealand fauna’. (ed. m....

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