reference architecture implementation guide (preview)
TRANSCRIPT
CEB Enterprise Architecture Leadership Council
Reference Architecture Implementation Guide
A Framework for Member Conversations
The mission of CEB Inc. and its affiliates is to unlock the potential of organizations and leaders by advancing the science and practice of management. When we bring leaders together, it is crucial that our discussions neither restrict competition nor improperly share inside information. All other conversations are welcomed and encouraged.
Confidentiality and Intellectual Property
These materials have been prepared by CEB Inc. for the exclusive and individual use of our member companies. These materials contain valuable confidential and proprietary information belonging to CEB, and they may not be shared with any third party (including independent contractors and consultants) without the prior approval of CEB. CEB retains any and all intellectual property rights in these materials and requires retention of the copyright mark on all pages reproduced.
Legal Caveat
CEB Inc. is not able to guarantee the accuracy of the information or analysis contained in these materials. Furthermore, CEB is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or any other professional services. CEB specifically disclaims liability for any damages, claims, or losses that may arise from a) any errors or omissions in these materials, whether caused by CEB or its sources, or b) reliance upon any recommendation made by CEB.
3
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
INTRODUCTION
Enterprise Architecture (EA) groups recognize the potential benefits of reference architecture (RA). Council polling results reveal that 72% of members consider an RA extremely or very important to EA’s success—but few have been able to realize reference architecture’s full potential. Fewer than 10% of EA groups rate themselves as mature in this area.
Leading EA groups manage reference architectures as a program by establishing the processes to define, deliver, and manage them through their full lifecycle.
To help member organizations better manage their reference architectures, the Council has collected artifacts from each stage of the lifecycle and highlighted the key takeaways:
1. Initiating: Ensure that all stakeholders define reference architecture consistently, promote the associated benefits, and tailor stakeholder communications.
2. Building: Provide reference implementations that tangibly support solutions delivery teams and develop an RA portfolio to ensure focus on high priority areas.
3. Deploying: Promote adoption by focusing on the customer experience, providing easy access to resources and collaboration opportunities, and sharing ownership with subject matter experts.
4. Governing: Fast-track governance for solutions teams using reference architectures and lease RAs to ensure alignment with current standards.
5. Maintaining: Incorporate RAs into technology roadmaps and build in event-based triggers to better anticipate and respond to change.
For more information, visit our Reference Architecture topic center on our website: cebglobal.com/architecture.
Project # 114929
Catalog # EAEC1919111SYN
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
4
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
100%
0.4– 1.9%
1.2– 4.4% 0.34–
1.8% 0.15– 5.4% 0.45–
6.8%
83– 98%
ECONOMIC MODEL FOR AN RA IMPLEMENTATION
Savings from a Single RA Compared to an RA Programa
Five Year Time-Horizon
Annua
l IT
Expen
diture
Pre-R
ASav
ings i
n
Applicat
ion
Main
tena
nce
Savin
gs in
Applicat
ion
Develo
pmen
t
Reduc
ed IT
Expen
diture
Post-R
A
Cost o
f RA
Develo
pmen
t
Savin
gs in
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Main
tena
nce
Savin
gs in
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Inve
stm
ents
■ Technology procurement
■ FTE costs for creation and maintenance
■ Standardization of infrastructure
■ Prescriptive patterns and reuse
■ Reduced solutions-delivery time
■ Reduction in number of trouble tickets
■ Reduced mean time to repair
■ Standardization of supporting infrastructure
■ Standardization of infrastructure
■ Reduction in number of trouble tickets
■ Reduced mean time to repair
Efficient Solutions Delivery Simplified IT Operations
DERF 11-4248
Catalog # EAEC1599111SYN
Title
See our Reference Architecture Cost Savings Estimation Model to customize to your organization.
A successfully run RA program can deliver annual savings equivalent to 17% of the IT budget.
■ A single RA covering 5% of the portfolio reduces the IT budget by 2%.
■ Maintenance cost reductions, which constitute approximately two-thirds of the savings, mount as the RA portfolio grows and the practice matures.
Source: American Express Company; Footloose, Inc. (pseudonym); CEB 2011 Budget and Benchmarking Survey.a The cost savings ranges provided are based on the percentage of the project portfolio that uses a RA. We assume a minimum of 5% portfolio coverage and a maximum of 80%.
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
5
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
ECONOMIC MODEL FOR AN RA IMPLEMENTATION (CONTINUED)
Overall Assumptions
■ A single RA implementation will cover 5% of the project portfolio in its first year of operation.
■ A well-maintained RA program composed of multiple RAs will cover 80% of the IT portfolio after five years of operation and lead to the standardization of 70% of the infrastructure and virtualization of approximately two-thirds of the servers.
■ The use of an RA shortens solutions delivery time by at least 50%, reducing FTE costs incurred on development projects by approximately the same amount.
Specific Assumptions for an RA Program Implementation
■ Lessons learned from the first RA help streamline development of future RAs, lowering the cost of developing and maintaining subsequent RAs.
■ With infrastructure standardization, project software costs decrease by 30%.
■ Project hardware costs are reduced by 50% due to commodity hardware, standardization, and virtualization.
■ Over a period of five years, the widespread adoption of RAs leads to a 50% reduction in trouble tickets and an 80% reduction in mean time to repair, which reduces FTE costs for application maintenance by 50% and infrastructure maintenance by 60%.
Specific Assumptions for a Single RA Implementation
■ For the best ROI in application development, the first RA selected to pilot the program is a technology used by at least 30% of the application portfolio.
■ Standardization of the infrastructure results in more effective vendor negotiations, reducing project software costs by 5%.
■ Standardization also allows projects to share hardware capacity, bringing down project hardware costs by 20%.
■ The RA’s adoption by 10% of the platforms in the organization reduces the operating expenditure on hardware by 20%.
■ Increased technology standardization results in a 30% reduction in problems and a 20% reduction in the mean time to repair for those platforms using the RA, lowering associated FTE costs for application and infrastructure maintenance costs by about 40%.
DERF 11-4248
Catalog # EAEC1599111SYN
Title
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
6
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
RA LIFECYCLE
Initiate Build Deploy Govern Maintain
Galvanize IT stakeholders with a formal RA initiative.
Partner with project teams and developers to select and develop
the most useful reference architectures.
Provide the communication, education, and
support necessary for maximum adoption.
Establish oversight mechanisms to monitor the uptake and proper
use of RAs.
Ensure RAs are kept current and relevant.
DERF 11-4248
Catalog # EAEC1599111SYN
Title
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
7
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
1. INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
EA groups looking to start an RA initiative struggle to build an effective business case because they have trouble communicating what an RA is, the benefits it can bring, and the investment necessary to manage the practice effectively.
To initiate a successful reference architecture practice, leading EA groups begin with four steps:
A. Establish a common vocabulary to communicate effectively with stakeholders.
B. Relate reference architecture to other EA activities.
C. Quantify the benefits to make the case for investment.
D. Adopt a program management approach.
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
8
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
1A. DEFINE RA COMPONENTS
DERF 11-4248
Catalog # EAEC1599111SYN
Title
Business and IT Strategy
Capability and Technology Roadmaps
Project Design and Delivery
Solution and Service
Implementation
Business Capability
Enablement
PURPOSE AdoptReference
Principles: Highest level guidelines for governance of the enterprise architecture
Reference Models: A common vocabulary and taxonomy of accepted concepts used to describe an organization’s capabilities
Standards: Prescribed or preferred technology, design, data, and process elements that conform to architectural principles
Implementation Guides: Detailed user manuals to instruct solutions teams on correct usage of standards and patterns
Working Prototypes: Practical instantiation of standards and patterns to provide a proof of concept to solutions developers
Reusable Source Code: Repository of code objects used by developers to accelerate the building of frequently used functionality
To Govern and Ensure Alignment with Strategy
To Guide and Direct Solution Design
To Improve Solution Delivery
Reference Architecture Toolkit
AUDIENCE
Senior IT and EA
Leadership
Solutions Architects and SMEs
Solutions Developers
Patterns: Prepackaged and pretested design and technology combinations to build or modify a system
Decision Frameworks: Use cases and decision trees that recommend particular patterns and standards
RAs are documented best practices that help solutions delivery teams make effective design and technology choices.
■ The purpose of an RA is increasing standards adoption, speeding time to market, and advancing toward the target state architecture.
■ This toolkit includes all core deliverables needed to successfully implement an RA.
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
Source: CEB analysis.
9
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
1A. RA COMPONENTS: PRINCIPLES
1. Architecture will set the strategy for technology for three to five years into the future.
2. Weighted consideration should be given to a vendor architecture that contributes to and strengthens Johnson & Johnson EA.
3. For IT investments, the project design process includes architectural review and design certification by an enterprise architect.
4. A complete architecture includes the following five components: business process, information/data, applications, integration, and infrastructure.
5. Global use will be a determining factor in design:
■ Every application should be designed with the expectation to be global, scalable, and flexible.
■ Applications must have a planned lifecycle and asset map.
■ Architect applications as systems, and engineer them for supportability.
■ The architecture frameworks for all components must be designed to support internal and external customers and interfaces on a global level.
■ Johnson & Johnson data standards will be established and globally used by all applications.
■ Industry standards will be used wherever feasible.
6. Johnson & Johnson information is a valued asset and use must be designed and protected at the enterprise level, not by a specific company or project.
7. Applications will be designed for the adoption of, not mapping to, data standards.
8. Data quality management and transparency will govern design to establish authoritative data sources and ownership.
9. IT standards will be used; a nonstandard IT will require an exception waiver, and all required resources will be fully funded by the owner.
10. Information Security services and solutions will be standards based.
11. Security decisions will be based on a risk management process: “a risk taken by one is a risk shared by all.”
DERF 11-4248
Catalog # EAEC1599111SYN
Title
Principles are the highest level of guidance outlined for governance of the overall enterprise architecture.
■ They help retain consistency of the overall architecture, while aligning IT implementations with the priorities of the organization.
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
Source: Johnson and Johnson; CEB analysis.
10
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
1A. RA COMPONENTS: REFERENCE MODEL
Information Systems Reference Model
DERF 11-4248
Catalog # EAEC1599111SYN
Title
A reference model is a common vocabulary and taxonomy of unifying concepts used to describe an organization’s capabilities.
■ Reference models are usually defined either at the enterprise or BU level for a specific functional or technology domain.
System Information Provider User
Network Layer
MPLS Leased Line VPN (Internet) LAN/WAN
Business Applications
Chemicals Pharma Shared Group
Security Services
Access Management Service
Directory Services
Single Sign-On Service
Identification Service
Identity and Access Management
Entitlement Service
Authorization Service
Provisioning Service
Identity Management Service
Reporting Services
BI Report Delivery Service
Report Management Service
Business Process Management
Process Definition Service
Process Execution Service
Content Management Service
Document Service
Aggregation Service
Information Services
Information Integration Service
Extract-Transform-Load Service
Metadata Management Service
Definition Service
Repository Service
Enterprise Service Bus
Transformation Service
Routing Service
Channel Services
Gateway Services User Interaction Services
File Gateway Service Internet Gateway Service
Presentation Services
Composite User Interface Service
User Interface Metadata ServiceSFTP
Scheduling Service
Service Management
Application Integration Service
Transactional Database
Data Mart Operational Data Store
Data Warehouse
Source: Merck KGaA; CEB analysis.
11
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
1A. RA COMPONENTS: STANDARDS
List of Technology StandardsAcross 132 Products
Server, Desktop, Network, and Edge Protection Application SecuritySSL VPN—F5 L7 Firewall—F5 Vulnerability
Tool—FoundstoneProxy—Bluecoat Vulnerability Scanner—Cenzic Source Code Review—Fortify
L2 Firewall—Juniper
NAC—Cisco ILP—Vontu AV—McAfee Risk Assessment/Management—RSAM
DB Compliance/Enforcement—Guardiam
Authentication/Authorization Data Protection/Encryption Account ManagementActive Directory CA ACF2 Oracle LDAP 6.x SecureFX Voltage SecureData SecureCRT TIM 5.1
EMC RSA Vintella VAS TAM 6.1 Vshell 3.x Pointsec Voltage Secure Mail
Tumbleweed TDI 7.0
Security
End-User Computing
Collaboration, Presentation, and
Application Services
Integration, Messaging, and Data Transport
Desktop Print Mobility Messaging Client SystemsWindows XP Xerox Blackberry Exchange Microsoft Internet
ExplorerMicrosoft Offi ce Microsoft IM
Portal/Web Content Management
Collaboration BPM/Workfl ow/Process Management/Rules Engines
Vigenette Sharepoint FileNet BPM Blaze Guidewire
Miscellaneous Application Servers
WebSphere Application Server
Jboss/Tomcat NET and II V6.1
Mainframe CICS Application Integration Application Messaging
V4.1 AmberPoint (Service Gateway)
Bridje SOA IBM WebSphere MQ v6
DERF 11-4248
Catalog # EAEC1599111SYN
Title
Standards are the prescribed or preferred technology, design, data, and process elements that help project teams conform to architectural principles.
INTRODUCTION INITIATING A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE
Source: CNA; CEB analysis.
© 2014 CEB. All rights reserved. CIO9884614SYN
Thank You for Your Interest in CEB Research!
If you would like access to this full study, please contact CEB to learn more.
If you’re a member, please log into your account to access the full study.
Member Login Contact CEB
© 2015 CEB. All rights reserved. EAEC4283015SYN
12
Contact CEB to Learn More
+1-866-913-8101
cebglobal.com/IT