reep lights

7/28/2019 Reep Lights

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Energy Efficiency in ArtificialEnergy Efficiency in Artificial

lighting systemlighting system

Pradeep KumarPradeep KumarSenior Fellow & Associate DirectorSenior Fellow & Associate Director

TERITERI


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Interior lightingInterior lighting


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Conventional Indoor Lighting DesignConventional Indoor Lighting Design

2. Fixture layout2. Fixture layout

1. Luminaire type1. Luminaire type

3. Connected lighting load (kW)3. Connected lighting load (kW)


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Energy Efficient Indoor Lighting DesignEnergy Efficient Indoor Lighting Design

2. Lighting design efficiency2. Lighting design efficiency

1. Lighting1. Lighting

levels /Visuallevels /Visual

comfortcomfort


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Adequate visual comfortAdequate visual comfort

National Building Code of India 2005 : Part 8National Building Code of India 2005 : Part 8 Section 1Section 1 Table 4Table 4


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Impact of lighting levels on lighting loadImpact of lighting levels on lighting load

300

6.232

500

10.414

750

15.58

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1 2 3

With every increase of lighting level by 10With every increase of lighting level by 10 luxlux lighting loadlighting load

increases by 3.5%increases by 3.5%


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Lighting power density (LPDLighting power density (LPD))

LPD = Total connected load of a space/floor area of the spaceLPD = Total connected load of a space/floor area of the space

LPD = Total connected load of lighting system/total builtLPD = Total connected load of lighting system/total built--up areaup area

Building TypeBuilding Type :: OfficeOffice

Total builtTotal built--up areaup area :: 3000 m3000 m22

Total interior lighting loadTotal interior lighting load :: 51 kW51 kW

LPDLPD :: 51*1000/3000 = 17 W/m51*1000/3000 = 17 W/m22


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ECBC Recommended LPD for buildingsECBC Recommended LPD for buildings

15.1Workshop12.9Motion Picture Theater

8.6Warehouse10.8Motel

10.8Transportation14.0Manufacturing Facility11.8Sports Arena14.0Library

12.9School/University10.8Hotel

16.1Retail/Mall12.9Hospital/Health Care

14.0Religious Building10.8Healthcare-Clinic

11.8Post Office/Town Hall11.8Gymnasium

10.8Police/Fire Station10.8Dormitory/Hostel

17.2Performing Arts

Theatre

17.2Dining: Family

3.2Parking Garage15.1Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food

10.8Office14.0Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure

11.8Museum12.9Convention Center

7.5Multifamily Residential9.7Automotive Facility

LPD (W/m2)Building Area TypeLPD (W/m2)Building Area Type


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Energy Efficient Interior Lighting SystemEnergy Efficient Interior Lighting System

Average lighting levels shall not be less than 300Average lighting levels shall not be less than 300 luxlux

LPD shall not be more than 10.8 W/mLPD shall not be more than 10.8 W/m22

17.2Performing Arts Theatre

3.2Parking Garage

10.8Office

11.8Museum

7.5Multifamily Residential

LPD (W/m2)Building Area Type


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Exterior or outdoor lightingExterior or outdoor lighting


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StreetStreet Lighting/Security LightingLighting/Security Lighting

High Pressure Sodium

Vapour (HPI)

High Pressure Metal Halide

(MH)

High Pressure Ceramic

Discharge Metal Halide

(CDM)


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Driveway lightingDriveway lighting


Vapour (HPI)


(MH)



(CDM)

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

(CFL)


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Garden LightingGarden Lighting


Vapour (HPI)


(MH)



(CDM)


(CFL)


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ParkingParking LightingLighting


Vapour (HPI)


(MH)

Fluorescent Lamps (TL)


(CFL)


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Solar energy based external lightingSolar energy based external lighting


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Luminous Efficacy of the lamp

Luminous Efficacy : 900/(13+5) = 50 lm/WLuminous Efficacy : 900/(13+5) = 50 lm/W

5 W

13 W

18 W

900 lm


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Luminous Efficacy of TLD with HPFLuminous Efficacy of TLD with HPF

15 W

36 W

51 W

2450lm

Luminous Efficacy : 2450/(36+15) = 48 lm/WLuminous Efficacy : 2450/(36+15) = 48 lm/W


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ByeBye--law 3.1.1 (C): Energy Efficiency inlaw 3.1.1 (C): Energy Efficiency in

Artificial LightingArtificial Lighting

Interior LightingInterior Lighting

For all types of building

The installed interior lighting power shall not exceed the LPD

(lighting power density) value as recommended by ECBC 2007


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ByeBye--law 3.1.1 (C): Energy Efficiency inlaw 3.1.1 (C): Energy Efficiency in

Artificial LightingArtificial Lighting

Exterior LightingExterior Lighting

Commercial & Multi-Storey Residential Complexes

Lamps External lighting sources should have luminous efficacies as per the table given

below

15% of the total external lighting load shall be met from renewable

energy sources (solar, wind, biomass, fuel-cells and so on)

90High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamps

75Metal Halide Lamps

75Fluorescent Lamps

50LEDs (light emitting diodes)

50CFLs (compact fluorescent lamps)

Minimum allowable luminous

efficacy (lm/W)Light Source


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Energy Efficiency in HVAC systemEnergy Efficiency in HVAC system

Pradeep KumarPradeep KumarSenior Fellow & Associate DirectorSenior Fellow & Associate Director

TERITERI


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Room conditionsRoom conditions

2929--323200C / 70%C / 70%

Cooling energy demandCooling energy demand

9~35 W/m9~35 W/m22

Cooing energy performance indexCooing energy performance index

15~70 kWh/m15~70 kWh/m22--yryr

NonNon--Air conditioned BuildingsAir conditioned Buildings


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2323--262600C /C / 60%60%

Cooling energy demandCooling energy demand

60~80 W/m60~80 W/m22

Cooing energy performance indexCooing energy performance index

120~160 kWh/m120~160 kWh/m22--yryr

Air conditioned BuildingsAir conditioned Buildings


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200 kWh/m200 kWh/m22--yryr


20 kWh/m20 kWh/m22

--yryr

Trends in HVAC system designTrends in HVAC system design


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2626--282800C /C / 70%70%


2323--262600C /C / 60%60%

Cooling energy indexCooling energy index


Cooling energy indexCooling energy index


Challenges in cooling system designChallenges in cooling system design


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Sustainable cooling systemSustainable cooling system

Adequate thermal comfort

Reduced energy demand

Use renewable energy sources


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Major Steps in HVAC designMajor Steps in HVAC design

Load estimation

Controls/Heat recovery/Hybrid systems

Selection of equipment


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Outdoor Design ConditionsOutdoor Design Conditions

Developed based on climatic data

In India specified by National Building Code Part 8/Section 3

24.738.023.739.523.440.7Patna

19.233.119.634.019.534.7Bangalore

23.641.423.942.623.643.8Nagpur

24.539.324.840.824.242.0Lucknow

23.541.322.942.523.043.9Gwalior

21.339.321.740.522.041.7Bhopal

2.0%1.0%0.4%

Cooling DB/MCWBStation


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Outdoor Design Conditions ImpactOutdoor Design Conditions Impact

3.60%492.8NBC 1.0%

1.50%503.2NBC 0.4%

511ISHRAE

ReductionPlant load (TR)Outdoor

Plant load (TR)

480

485

490

495

500

505

510

515

ISHRAE NBC 0.4% NBC 1.0%

(TR)


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Indoor Design Conditions

Developed based on human comfort

In India specified by National Building Code Part 8/Section 3

45 to 5524 to 26Patient rooms9

45 to 5524 to 26Recovery rooms8

50 to 6023 to 26Auditoriums7

50 to 6023 to 26Class rooms6

50 to 6023 to 26Hotel guest rooms5

50 to 6023 to 26Departmental stores4

50 to 6023 to 26Office buildings2

55 to 6023 to 26Restaurants1

Relative humidity (%)Dry bulb Temp (o C)

SummerInside design conditionCategoryS No.


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Indoor Design Conditions ImpactIndoor Design Conditions Impact

6166026/78.89

6165026/78.88

638.36025/777

638.35025/776

660.76024/75.25

663.75024/75.24

677.66023/73.53

704.45023/73.42

TRRH (%)DBT (C/F)1

Plant

load

Indoor design

conditionsS No.Plant load Variation

600

620

640

660

680

700

720

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(TR)


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Unitary systemUnitary system

Window Air Conditioner Split Air Conditioner

CompressorCompressor--kWkW

Condenser FanCondenser Fan--kWkW

Evaporator FanEvaporator Fan--kWkW


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Centralised AC systemCentralised AC system --Air cooled water chillersAir cooled water chillers

Compressor/condenser fan-kW

Pump-kW Fan-kW


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Centralized AC systemCentralized AC system--Water cooled waterWater cooled water chillerchiller

CompressorCompressor--kWkW

PumpPump--kWkWFanFan--kWkW

PumpPump--kWkW

CT FanCT Fan--kWkW


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Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)

EER = Cooling capacity (Btu/hr)

Energy input in W

Coefficient of Performance (COP)Coefficient of Performance (COP)

COP = Cooling capacity (Btu/hr or W)

Energy input (Btu/hr) or W)

Specific energy ratioSpecific energy ratio

IKW/TR = Energy input (kW)

Cooling capacity (TR)


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Room air conditioning system efficiencyRoom air conditioning system efficiency

Cooling capacity: 1 TR or 12000 Btu/hr

Power consumption : 1350 Watts

SER : 1.35/1 = 1.35 kW/TR

EER : 12000/1350 = 8.9


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ChillerChiller system efficiencysystem efficiency

CompressorCompressor-- 96 kW96 kW

PumpPump--11.25 kW11.25 kW

FanFan-- 22.5 kW22.5 kW

PumpPump-- 7.5 kW7.5 kW

CT FanCT Fan--7.5 kW7.5 kW Cooling capacity: 120 TRCooling capacity: 120 TR

SER Chiller : 96/120 = 0.8 kW/TRSER Chiller : 96/120 = 0.8 kW/TR

COP: (120*12000)/(96*3415) = 4.4COP: (120*12000)/(96*3415) = 4.4


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Minimum equipment efficiency (COP)Minimum equipment efficiency (COP)--ECBCECBC

recommendationsrecommendations

1. Window/split unit : 3.08

2. Air cooled water chiller 150 TR : 3.05

4. Water cooled reciprocating chiller (All) : 4.2

5. Water cooled Screw chiller < 150 TR : 4.7

6. Water cooled Screw chiller >150 < 300 TR : 5.4

7. Water cooled screw chiller > 300 TR : 5.75

8. Centrifugal chiller > 150 < 300 TR : 5.8

9. Centrifugal chiller > 300 TR : 6.3


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ByeBye--law 3.3.6: Energy efficient Airlaw 3.3.6: Energy efficient Air

Conditioning system design for buildingsConditioning system design for buildings

The inside design conditions of a conditioned space should conform toas recommended in the National Building Code 2005.

The outside design conditions shall be in accordance with theconditions specified in National Building Code 2005.

Efficiency of the equipment installed shall comply with ECBCrequirement.

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