redeveloping new orleans: recommendations from the john hopkins university redevelopment panel
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Redeveloping New Orleans: Recommendations from the John Hopkins University Redevelopment Panel. David Bend, Sam Huleatt, Minchul Kim, Van Johnson, and Gina Myers January 21, 2006. New Orleans Before The Storm. Mardi Gras Jazz Food But…. New Orleans Before The Storm. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Redeveloping New Orleans: Recommendations from the
John Hopkins University Redevelopment Panel
David Bend, Sam Huleatt, Minchul Kim, Van Johnson, and Gina Myers
January 21, 2006
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
New Orleans Before The Storm
Mardi Gras Jazz Food But….
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
New Orleans Before The Storm Concentrated poverty Failing Schools Weak Economy
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
New Orleans After the Storm Disproportionate destruction Inadequate response ULI and Bring Back New Orleans Report
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Our VisionNew Orleans will emerge by its tricentennial (1718) as the most
economically strong, intellectually rich, socially equitable, culturally vibrant and environmentally sustainable city in the
world
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Redevelopment Zones
Different areas-different demands Smaller footprint Equity Mixed-income Mixed-use
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Image courtesy of ULI
elevation
St. Bernard Parish
Jefferson Parish Orleans
Parish
source: USGS
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Flood Inundationsource: USGS
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Sequence of neighborhood investment zones
Source: ULI
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Red Zone Sense of urgency Uniform assessment
system Remediation Choice Open space
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Yellow Zone map courtesy of ULI Analysis and remediation
Eye towards redevelopment
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Green Zone Least affected by the
storm Increased density
Source: ULI
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Strategic Open Space
Source: ULI
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Political Opposition
“Over my dead body”-Ninth Ward Resident-
“To say that you’re not going to fix this community or that community,
you’re not honoring the dead” -Oliver Thomas, New Orleans City Council
President-
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Source: www.urban-advantage.com
Low Density Development
Above ground utilities
WIDE STREETS
Narrow SidewalksAuto-oriented
development
No parking in rear
Single use district
Source: EPA DCED
Pre – Urban Redevelopment
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006Source: www.urban-advantage.com
Dense Development
Street Trees
Bike Lanes
Mixed-Use (Residential
and Commercial)
High Density Development
Below- ground utilities Pedestrian-friendly
area
Median for light rail
Source: EPA DCED
Post – Urban Redevelopment
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Government Effectiveness NEED for Transparency & Oversight:
New Orleans history of misappropriations and fraud within the Government (Ex: Marc Morial)
Need to demonstrate compassion for all races and classes-Conscious not to only work in the “safest areas”-Conscious of retaining local heritage/culture
Many feel abandoned by Federal Govt
“Re-Build Confidence in residents over time and through transparency and open communication”
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Oversight
Important to have Oversight and Benchmarking
Monitor Contractors Keep Public Profile: Web Updates, Town Hall Mtgs Create Independent Oversight Commissions:
Environmental/Health Commission Financial Oversight Committee
Historical Precedent Nothing Comparable in Recent History of
this Scale 9/11 (Some success but very slow!)
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
FinancingQ: What are we financing?
Traditional Infrastructure & Municipal Structures
AND…Social Infrastructure (Teachers, Services, etc)
3 Levels of Financing:1) Federal Level2) State3) Private (Economic Development)4) Creative
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Specifics Federal – Most Aid
Gulf Opportunity Zone Act Baker Bill (Yet to Pass)
Traditional Municipal Financing Tax Exempt Bonds Economic Development : Create Tax Base
Creative How to Finance the GAP? Public Private Partnerships
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
New Orleans Economic Redevelopment Traditional Model
Reduce Poverty Focus on Deficiencies Need: Social Services Lead: Government
Market-Oriented Model
Create Jobs and Wealth Focus on Opportunities Need: Business Growth and Investment Lead: Private Sector
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
SWOT ANALYSISStrength • Natural Resources (oil and
gas)• Higher Education
Institutions• Hospital and Medical
Facilities• Unique and Rich Culture• The Port of New Orleans
Opportunities• Strong medical research
institutions• The indigenous music
industry• Development of bio-tech
industry• Increasing demand for the
port• Ship building and restoring• World Class convention
and Expos
Weakness• Lack of Economic
Strategies• Less Business friendly Tax
Codes• High Proportion of less-
skilled Labors in Workforce• Lack of inward investment
Threats• Racial and economical
segregation• High crime rate• General trend toward out-
migration from the city• Increased competition from
other cities• Natural disaster
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
New Orleans Economic Redevelopment Short-Term Objectives
To bring dispersed New Orleans Residents back To revive the core industries as soon and as
much as possible To enable workers to rejoin in the labor force To maximize the benefits for New Orleans
residents and companies from the reconstruction efforts
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
New Orleans Economic Redevelopment Long-term Objectives
To encourage retention and expansion of job opportunities both in private and public sectors
To diversify the base of core businesses Create an education system tailored to the
actual jobs available and projected through restructuring period
To enhance the city’s reputation as a good place for business investment and sustained profitability through Public-Private Partnership
To alleviate concentrated poverty and racial segregation
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Snap Shot of New Orleans Economy Before Katrina After Katrina
Stagnant and Sluggish Economy
Vibrant and Competitive Economy
Low Inward Investment Rate High Inward Investment Rate
High Concentration in only a few Core Industries
Diversification of Core Industries
Lack of Job Opportunities Increased Job and Employment Opportunities
Brain Drain High Retention of Brain in the City
Low Wage Economy High Wage Economy
Labor intensive Economy Capital and Technology Intensive Economy
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Storm Water Protection Levee’s
Poorly maintained: built for agriculture protection Provide Multiple layers of levee protection: levees, canals,
pumps and gates Option not to rebuild all levees Single Regional Levee Board Close MRGO – Mississippi River Gulf Outlet
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Coastal Wetlands Coastal Wetlands
Natural buffer against storms (aka speed bump)
New Orleans more vulnerable than before storm
Levees harmful to wetlands natural cycle Fresh water reintroduction, barrier island
restoration, sediment diversion and vegetative planting
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Infrastructure Water
Pre-Katrina, did not meet federal standards Rebuild & protect water treatment facilities
Waste 44 million cubic yards debris will require
management Launch valuable new industries (deconstruction projects,
composting facilities, biomass energy plants) possible economic stimulus
Power Entergy utility company – Filed for Bankruptcy Priority for areas that have immediate occupancy
Communication “Wireless” communication WiFi system throughout
the city Remove communication barriers and attract
residents and businesses
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Transportation – Near Term
New Orleans Port Getting back on feet – 80% by
June Biggest Need: Labor
Highway and road / bridge repair Provide access to areas for
construction and utility workers Street signs and signals
Reconfigure bus routes Focus routes in areas of highest
activity
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Transportation – Long Term Street Car
New Orleans symbol Friendly, aesthetically pleasing,
human scale Portland, Oregon example Street Car Arrival Time, GPS
Tracking
Light Rail North Shore & New Orleans Reduce the isolation of many low
income neighborhoods Connect Neighborhoods &
Workplaces
Regional Rail Connect Baton Rouge and New
Orleans Environmental & Economic
Stimulus
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Rebuilding Neighborhoods
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Snap Shot of New Orleans Housing Market Before Katrina Post Katrina (Goal)
465,000 Residence (August 05); 31st largest City
144,000 (January 06) →247,000 (September 08)
18% Poverty Rate; 50,000 Lived in neighborhoods with poverty rates exceeding 40%
Develop 10,000 supportive housing units/ link under serviced communities to long term relationships
Disparities in Home ownership (41% African Americans and 56% White)
Mixed use/Mixed income properties that promote diversity and home ownership
Ranked 80th out of 100 in College Attainment
Reestablish Community relationships and training/ Neighborhood Centers through educational partnerships.
Small/Old Housing Infrastructure (81.1% 5 rooms or less/77.8% Homes built prior to 1970)
Mixed Use/Mixed Income Products
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Community Redevelopment Short-Term Objectives
Form Neighborhood Planning Teams Neighborhood residents Planner/designer Historic preservation expert Environmental/public health consultant Community Outreach Mitigation Planner
Establish Temporary Housing Sites Break through local public/political opposition to temp. trailer sites. Enable Habitat for Humanity to locate housing portable foundations to city. Insure site locations are environmentally safe for housing locations
Address Soil, Mold and Brown field environmental concerns Establish Commercial and residential remediation plans/guidelines (EPA
and or DEQ) Meaningful and consistent community evolvement in environmental
decision making
Address Neighborhood/Community Footprint issues Establish safety measures Develop Community specific remediation plans
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
Community Redevelopment Long-term Objectives
Attract and develop strong community relationships Education Employment Housing product types Financial institutions Commercial enterprises Young creative talent
Employ comprehensive redevelopment strategies that map to the communities needs. Mixed use product types
Stimulate entrepreneurship Links business to housing
Supportive Housing Affordable housing Linked to services (Health, mental health, employment, etc.)
Mixed income housing Stimulates the development of community Creates multi-cultural environments
Existing house renovation 77.8% Homes Constructed before 1970, 59.9% before 1960 81.1% homes are 5 bedrooms or less/76.3% 2 bedroom or smaller.
Utilize Sustainable building techniques were practical to reestablish communities Sustainable sites Water efficiency Material and resources Indoor Environmental Quality
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
MEASUREMENTS OF SUCCESS Acres of reclaimed wetlands (LT)
Number of job training centers constructed (ST)
% of schools that consistently score in the upper half of state and national scores (I)
Percentage of residents that reside less than six blocks from public transportation (LT)
New Orleans Urban Redevelopment
July 21, 2006
CONCLUSION
Audacious Goal
World is Watching-effects far beyond New Orleans