Recruitment And Selection- Challenges and Practices

RECRUITMENT, SELECTION, PROCESS, METHODS AND STEPS,ROLE OF RECRUITMENT CONSULTANT, ADVERTISMENT AND INDUCTION

Recruitment:-

Organizational activities that provide a pool of applicants for the purpose of filling job openings.

It is a process of searching for prospective employees .

Stimulating & Encouraging them to apply for jobs in the org.

Factors Governing Recruitment

Internal FactorsRecruitment Policy of the OrgSize of the org & the Number of Employees EmployedCost Involved in Recruitment Growth & Expansion Plans of the Org.

External FactorsSupply & Demand of Specific Skills in the MarketPolitical & Legal considerations such as Reservations of jobs for reserved CatagoriesCompanys Image Perception by the Job Seekers.

Sources Of Recruitment:Present EmployeesUnsolicited ApplicantsEducational and Professional InstituitionsPublic Employment OfficesPrivate employment AgenciesEmployee ReferralsHelp wanted AdvertisingWalk-Ins

Selection:Is the process of discovering the qualifications & characteristics of the job applicant in order to establish their likely suitability for the job position.

A good selection requires a methodical approach to the problem of finding the best matched person for the job

Selection ProcessPreliminary InterviewSelection TestsEmployment InterviewReference and Background AnalysisPhysical ExaminationJob OfferEmployment Contract

Use of psychological test in selection

Why choose testingObjectivity good psychological tests are standardized on a large sample and provide normative data across a wide range of demographics and age cohorts. Well selected tests will allow you to demonstrate talents that may otherwise not be evident.

Validity psychometric tests are a more valid method of assessment than interviews, academic achievement & reference checks, and when utilized in combination (for example in an assessment Centre) are highly predictive of future job performance.

Cost the cost of selection errors is large for both the employer and the employee. Psychometric tests help to minimize costs while maximizing potential fit between the candidate and the job.

Brief history of testsComparisons of human attributes and differences have a very long history.

Hippocrates (400BC) attempted to theoretically define four basic temperament types: sanguine (optimistic), melancholic (depressed), choleric (irritable) and phlegmatic (listless and sluggish).

Galton - (19th century) measured human individual differences in terms of ability to discriminate between stimuli.

Binet - devised tests to measure differenced in specific human abilities. Now numerous tests measure specific abilities, strengths and competencies.

Army Alpha and Beta tests (WW1) developed out of an urgent need to select personnel with specific aptitudes for training in specialist and strategic roles.

Today Psychological tests widely used in selection practices.

Psychological tests (definition and dimensions)A selection procedure measure the personality characteristics of applicants that are related to future job performance. Personality tests typically measure one or more of five personality dimensions: Extroversion, Emotional stability, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to experience.

Types Of Psychological TestsPsychological tests fall into several categories: Aptitude tests: It refers to potentiality that a person has to profit from certain kind of training.Achievement tests: It helps to measure the proficiency that a person has been able to achieve. Intelligence tests: It attempts to measure the intelligencethat is, basic ability to understand the world around you, assimilate its functioning, and apply this knowledge to enhance the quality of your life. Or, as Alfred Whitehead said about intelligence, it enables the individual to profit by error without being slaughtered by it.[1] Intelligence, therefore, is a measure of a potential, not a measure of what youve learned (as in an achievement test), and so it is supposed to be independent of culture. IQ=Mental Age/Actual Age*100 For example, a six year old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of 100 (the average IQ score); a six year old child with a mental age of 9 would have an IQ of 150. Today, intelligence is measured according to individual deviation from standardized norms, with 100 being the average.

ContNeuropsychological tests: It attempts to measure deficits in cognitive functioning (i.e., your ability to think, speak, reason, etc.) that may result from some sort of brain damage, such as a stroke or a brain injury. Occupational tests : It attempts to match your interests with the interests of persons in known careers. The logic here is that if the things that interest you in life match up with, say, the things that interest most school teachers, then you might make a good school teacher yourself. Personality tests : It attempts to measure your basic personality style and are most used in research or forensic settings to help with clinical diagnoses. Two of the most well-known personality tests are 1. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), or the revised MMPI-2, composed of several hundred yes or no questions, and 2. Rorschach (the inkblot test), composed of several cards of inkblotsyou simply give a description of the images and feelings you experience in looking at the blots.Specific clinical tests :It attempts to measure specific clinical matters, such as your current level of anxiety or depression.

USES OF TESTSEvaluation of right candidate

Proper selection of candidate

Identifying the candidates personality

Places Where Psychological Testing Is UsedColleges or Educational InstitutesArmy, Navy etc.Bank AirlinesCompaniesSchoolsSo, now a days in most of the places candidates are evaluated on the basis of the psychological test.

Advantagescan result in lower turnover due if applicants are selected for traits that are highly correlated with employees who have high longevity within the organization can reveal more information about applicant's abilities and interests can identify interpersonal traits that may be needed for certain jobs

Disadvantagesdifficult to measure personality traits that may not be well defined applicant's training and experience may have greater impact on job performance than applicant's personality responses by applicant may may be altered by applicant's desire to respond in a way they feel would result in their selection lack of diversity if all selected applicants have same personality traits cost may be prohibitive for both the test and interpretation of results lack of evidence to support validity of use of personality tests

TipsSelect traits carefully : An employer that selects applicants with high degree of 'assertiveness', 'independence', and 'self-confidence' may end up excluding females significantly more than males which would result in adverse impact.

Select tests carefully:Any tests should have been analyzed for (high) reliability and (low) adverse impact.

Not used exclusively: Personality tests should not be the sole instrument used for selecting applicants. Rather, they should be used in conjunction with other procedures as one element of the selection process. Applicants should not be selected on the basis of personality tests alone.

Types of InterviewsStructuredUnstructuredMixedBehavioralStressful

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE SELECTIONPerceptionFairnessValidityReliabilityPressure

Stages In Selection Process:

Stage 1: Screening Of Application Forms.

Stage 2: Tests--Intelligence, Aptitude, Technical, Psychometric, Ability, Interest.

Stage 3: Selection Interview.

Stage 4: Selection Decision

RECRUITMENT PROCESS PRACTICES BY .

Steps Of Recruitment Process

RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR FRESHER

WRITTEN /APPTITUDE.GROUP DISCUSSION.PSYCHOMETRIC TEST(CONDITIONAL).TECHNICAL INTERVIEWS(CONDITIONAL).HR INTERVIEWS.

RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR HIGHER POST

PSYCHOMETRIC TEST.

BUSINESS GAME.

HR INTERVIEWS.

SELECTION PROCEDURE/STEPS

1 PRELIMINARY SCREENING

2 SENDING APPLICATION FORMS

3 TRADE TEST

4 WRITTEN TEST

5 PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST

6 INTERVIEW

7 PHYSICAL TEST

8 ON THE JOB TEST

9 REFERENCE

10 ORIENTATION 11 FINAL SELECTION

12 INTIMATION TO SALARY DEPT.

Difficulties in Recruitment process Talent Acquistion. Expensive. Time Constraint. Retention of employees. Managing low attrition rate. Budget.

Challenges in Recruitent & Selection:Talent ShortageAttrition RateReservations and other Gov. PoliciesRemoteness of JobScrutinity of employees credentials

Basic Diff. Between Recruitment and Selection:Recruitment- searching for and attracting applicants qualified to fill vacant positions

Selection- Analyzing the qualifications of applicants and deciding upon those who show the most potential

Role of recruitment consultants

What is Consultant

A consultant (from the Latin consultare means "to discuss" ) is a professional who provides advice in a particular area of expertise such as accountancy, the environment, technology, law, human resources, marketing, medicine, finance, public affairs, communication, engineering, graphic design, or waste management.A consultant is self-employed or works for a consultancy firm, usually with multiple and changing clients.

Types of Consultant Environmental consultants.Technology Consultant. Human Resource ConsultantMarketing ConsultantLaw ConsultantMedicine ConsultantFinance Consultant and many more.

What Is Recruitment Consultant

"Recruitment consultants work with companies to help them find the right people for their positions. They also work for candidates to find a role that is suitable for them. The key skill of a recruitment consultant is to meet the needs of both the client and the candidate to ensure the best mutual fit; this is not simply a case of skills matching but of truly understanding the business and its culture, as well as the aspirations of the candidate."

Recruitment Consultant ActivitiesA recruitment consultant is responsible for helping employer clients to recruit staff for job vacancies. These vacancies can be permanent or temporary roles.Recruitment consultants develop an understanding of their client's requirements, then identify potential staff (candidates) through existing contacts or by advertising roles/headhunting (executive search). They assess candidates' skills through interviews, tests and background checks, then make recommendations to their client.Consultants also provide advice to both clients and candidates on salary levels, training requirements and career opportunities. Developing solid relationships with clients is integral to the role. .

Typical work activitiesA recruitment consultant's role is demanding and diverse.using marketing and business knowledge to extend company contacts.identifying and evaluating employers' recruitment needs.negotiating terms of employment.interviewing potential candidatesclarifying and negotiating salary and benefits relating to the role.headhunting - identifying and approaching suitable candidates.monitoring candidates once placed.collecting feedback from employers on the performance of candidates who have previously been placed with them.maintaining current records and personal statistics for review against performance targets.documenting clients' details and vacancy requirements in a brief.

What makes a Good Recruitment Consultant To be successful in the recruitment industry you must: be ambitious and confidentbe goal orientated have good interpersonal and communications skills be a good team player be able to handle multiple priorities be tenacious be a problem solver be able to work to deadlines and targets enjoy responsibility and working in a high-pressure environment have a good sense of humour

Opportunity as a Recruitment Consultant

A chance to work with a large successful organization. An opportunity to develop within the Recruitment Industry with one of the most supportive and resourceful organizations. A role that could provide you with a solid future within Recruitment. A competitive annual salary and excellent commission packagesFantastic training and mentoring opportunities

Challenges Faced By Recruitment ConsultantDevelop expertise in those strategic areas, where the consultants have not developed expertise when firm is focused and the consultant is a generalist. Reinforce and update knowledge and skills in the areas of focus of the firm when the firm is focused and the consultant is an expert.Provide the consultants exposure to areas where they do not have expertise in a non focused firm with expert consultant. Here, the long-term objectives of the consulting firm is to operate in a wide range of sections/functions. Expose the consultants to all upcoming sectors/functions in a non-focused firm with generalist consultant . Three key areas which every consultant should be well conversant 1)knowledge and skills related to Man-management. 2)Business development, and Quality assurance. 3) evaluation technique.

To maintain Effectiveness and Efficiency.Innovation and Quality Assurance are two key elements in the success of any consulting firm.Maintain the customer relationship.

Advantages Fast Response Broad customer base in private and public sectors Improved attraction and recruitment strategies Identifies and prepares potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates. Higher succession rate of the selection process by reducing the number of visibility under-qualified or overqualified job applicants.

Disadvantages Non -ethical strategies. It won't always work. Cost.

42What are Advertisements..

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ADVERTISEMENTWhat is advertisement? Advertising is a one-way communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain them

For Recruitment To provide information that will attract a significant pool of qualified candidates and discourage unqualified ones from applying.43

Various kinds of Advertisement Media (E.g. billboards, printed flyers , radio, web banners, web popups, human directorial, magazines, newspapers, posters, Social Networking Sites)Above the line Media: Press, TV, Outdoor, posters, and radio ( recognized ad agencies get commission from these media)Below-the-line Media: Direct mail, Sale Promotion, merchandizing, exhibitions

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Price Advertisement

Covert Advertisement

Local Service advertisement

Business to Business Advertisement

Direct Response Advertisement 45Various kinds of Advertisement

Medium for Recruitment AdvertisingTelevision (e.g. News pop-ups, Commercial ads like Accenture & many more)

Radio (e.g. Radio )

Magazines (e.g. Business Today, Winning Edge, Human capital)

Newspapers (e.g. Arabnews, Business accents, Times classified etc..)

Internet (e.g. Web portal like, Bayt.com, Naukrigulf.com, Monster.com, gulftalent.com)

Direct Mail

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Success Factors

Customer realization of Product.

Quality of a Product is determined.

Exposes companys Culture

Ramp Up Awareness of Brand among masses and hence increase Demand

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Use of Advertisements in Recruitment Process.Creating awareness of Job Opportunities in the specified field of Interest.Finding Desirable CandidatesKeeping an competitive edge over competitors as more advertisements attracts best of the job seekers.Advertisement is the fastest way to spread recruitment hiring information.

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Evaluation and Effects Newspapers

Advantages Short lead time, flexible, reach large audience, community prestige, intense coverage, reader control of exposure, coordination with national advertising, merchandising service, segment consumer by geography.

Disadvantages -- short life span, may be expensive relative to other media, hasty reading, poor reproduction, lack of creativity.

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RadioAdvantages audio capacity, short lead time, low cost relative to other media, reach demographic and geographic segmented audience, reach large audience.

Disadvantages dont have visual capacity, fragmented and inflexible, temporary nature of message.

Magazines and Journals Advantages -- selectivity for demographic and geographic segments, high in quality reproduction, lasts as long as magazine is kept, prestigious advertisement is credibility of magazine is high, extra services, issue may be read by more than one person.

Disadvantages long lead time, lack of flexibility in gaining attention, often limited control over location of advertisement.

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Television Advantages -- impact mass coverage, repetition, flexibility in getting attention of consumer, prestige, visual and audio capabilities, short lead time.

Disadvantages -- temporary nature of message, high cost relative to other media, high mortality rate for commercials, evidence of public distrust, lack of selectivity, hard to target customer, requires production specialists

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Outdoor Advertising

Advantages inexpensive relative to other media, quick communication of simple ideas, repetition of exposure to customers, ability to promote products available for sale nearby

Disadvantages -- brevity of the message, short exposure time, cannot target customer, public concern over aesthetics.

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Internet & Direct Mail

Advantages flexibility in reaching target audience, short lead time, intense coverage, flexibility of format, complete information, easy to personalize

Disadvantages -- high cost per person, dependency on quality of mailing list, consumer resistance, may be considered as junk mail, may be difficult and expensive to access mailing lists

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What is induction?Induction is process meant to help the new employee to settle down quickly into the job by becoming familiar with the people, the surroundings, the job, the firm and the industry.Induction is the process of acquainting the new employees with the existing culture and practices of the new organization.54

What is induction for?To sort out all anxiety of recruited person.To ensure the effective integration of staff.History and introduction of founders.Understand the standards and rules (written and unwritten) of the organization. Introduction to the company/department and its personnel structure.55

Contd.....Relevant personnel policies, such as training, promotion and health and safety.To clear doubtful situation between new employee and existing one.

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Who needs special attention?Institute leavers.People returning to work after a break.Disabled employees.Management trainees.Employees with language difficulties.57

Induction Programme Before designing induction programme firm need to decide four strategic choice.

Formal

Informal

DivestitureCollectiveIndividual

InvestitureSerialDisjunctive

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Who is responsible for the induction process?HR managerHealth and safety advisorTraining officerDepartment or line managerSupervisorEmployee representative59

Formal Induction ProgrammeHR RepresentativeOrganisational Issues Employee Benefits IntroductionSupervisorSpecific Job Location and DutiesSpecial Anxiety Reduction SeminarsTo Placement60

Points while implementing Induction Identify the business objectives and desired benefits.Secure early commitmentAgree roles and responsibilities of different players in the processThink of induction as a journey61

Contd.....Engage staff prior to joiningHave clear learning objectives for training sessionsRespect the induction needs of different audiencesKeep induction material up to date

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EvaluationFeedback from whom who completed inductionRetention rates Exit interviewsMonitoring queries63

Trends in InductionChalk and talk sessionQuestionnaireFrom practicalities to discussion about culture Using technologies like e-learningTeam building exercise64

Problem in inductionTo keep it simpleSupervisor is not trained enoughEmployee get so much of information in short span of timeLarge no. of formsEmployee is thrown into action too soonWrong perception develop in short span65

Advantages of Good InductionEmployee retention.Create good impressionIt creates good adhesionIt take less time to familiariseLess turnover ratioIncrease productivity No chaosCost reduction

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In absence of InductionUneasiness of new employee in the environment of the org.Poor integration in team Low morale Loss of productivityFailure to work with their highest potentialCompany image goes down 67

Contd.....Leads to Early leaving. It leads many problems like:- a) High employee turnover b) Lowering the morale of remaining staff c) Additional cost for re-recruiting d) Damage the company reputation e) Affect new recruitment f) Leavers record is affected 68

THANKSThe EndMohsin Azad