recorded - case no. 15-03984 habeus exhibit re letter re aggrevated assualt by rental zone of...
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Recorded - Case No. 15-03984 Habeus EXHIBIT Re Letter Re Aggrevated Assualt by Rental Zone of Pennsylvania Franchisee of Lancaster, PA of June 15, 2016TRANSCRIPT
Stan J. CaterboneADVANCED MEDIA GROUP
Freedom From Covert Harassment &
Surveillance,®
Registered in Pennsylvania
1250 Fremont StreetLancaster, PA 17603
717-669-2163
June 15, 2016
RENTAL ZONE OF PENNSYLVANIA
Franchisee122 Seymour Street
Lancaster, PA 17603Phone (717) 397-7368
Fax (717) 393-8848www.RentalZonePA.com
Re: Customer ID 18195782 Invoice No. 62965.01 Amount of $254.65
Dear Sirs,
1. I saw at Lowes for sale a brand new scaffold with 4 BRAKES for $119.99.
2. When the scaffold was delivered and erected your workman gave me some bullshit story about why the scaffold only had 1 brake and why he could not come back with
3 more wheels with brakes on them.3.
Please see the photos attached herein.
The following is the Pennsylvania Criminal Code for Aggravated Assault and the definitine ofa Hate Crime from the FBI's website. You will also find the Federal Disabilities Act:
CHAPTER 27 -ASSAULT
§ 2702. Aggravated assault.
(a) Offense defined.--A person is guilty of aggravated assault if he:
(1) attempts to cause serious bodily injury to another, or causes such injury intentionally,
knowingly or recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human
life;
(2) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes serious bodily injury to any
of the officers, agents, employees or other persons enumerated in subsection (c) or to an employee of
an agency, company or other entity engaged in public transportation, while in the performance of duty;
(3) attempts to cause or intentionally or knowingly causes bodily injury to any of the officers,
agents, employees or other persons enumerated in subsection (c), in the performance of duty;
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(4) attempts to cause or intentionally or knowingly causes bodily injury to another with a deadly
weapon;
(5) attempts to cause or intentionally or knowingly causes bodily injury to a teaching staff
member, school board member or other employee, including a student employee, of any elementary or
secondary publicly-funded educational institution, any elementary or secondary private school licensed
by the Department of Education or any elementary or secondary parochial school while acting in the
scope of his or her employment or because of his or her employment relationship to the school;
(6) attempts by physical menace to put any of the officers, agents, employees or other persons
enumerated in subsection (c), while in the performance of duty, in fear of imminent serious bodily
injury;
(7) uses tear or noxious gas as defined in section 2708(b) (relating to use of tear or noxious gas in
labor disputes) or uses an electric or electronic incapacitation device against any officer, employee or
other person enumerated in subsection (c) while acting in the scope of his employment;
(8) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to a child less
than six years of age, by a person 18 years of age or older; or
(9) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes serious bodily injury to a
child less than 13 years of age, by a person 18 years of age or older.
(b) Grading.--Aggravated assault under subsection (a)(1), (2) and (9) is a felony of the first
degree. Aggravated assault under subsection (a)(3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8) is a felony of the second
degree.
Defining a Hate Crime
A hate crime is a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of
bias. For the purposes of collecting statistics, the FBI has defined a hate crime as a “criminal offense
against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion,
disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity.” Hate itself is not a crime—and the
FBI is mindful of protecting freedom of speech and other civil liberties.
These efforts serve as a backstop for investigations by state and local authorities, which handle the vast
majority of hate crime cases throughout the country.
The FBI’s Role
As part of its responsibility to uphold the civil rights of the American people, the FBI takes a
number of steps to combat the problem of hate crimes. The following efforts serve as a backstop to
investigations conducted by state and local law enforcement agencies, which handle the vast majority
of bias crime investigations throughout the country.
• Investigative Activities: The FBI is the lead investigative agency for criminal violations of
federal civil rights statutes. The Bureau works closely with its local, state, tribal, and federal law
enforcement partners around the country in many of these cases.
• Law Enforcement Support: The FBI works closely with state/local/tribal authorities on
investigations, even when federal charges are not brought. FBI resources, forensic expertise,
and experience in identification and proof of hate-based motivations often provide an invaluable
complement to local law enforcement. Many cases are also prosecuted under state statutes such
as murder, arson, or more recent local ethnic intimidation laws. Once the state prosecution
begins, the Department of Justice monitors the proceedings in order to ensure that the federal
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interest is vindicated and the law is applied equally among the 95 U.S. Judicial Districts.
• Prosecutive Decision: The FBI forwards results of completed investigations to local U.S.
Attorneys Offices and the Civil Rights Division at the Department of Justice, which decide
whether a federal prosecution is warranted. Prosecution of these crimes may move forward, for
example, if local authorities are unwilling or unable to prosecute a crime of bias.
History
The FBI investigated what are now called hate crimes as far back as World War I. Our role increased
following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Before then, the federal government took the
position that protection of civil rights was a local function, not a federal one. However, the murders
of civil rights workers Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney, near
Philadelphia, Mississippi, in June 1964 provided the impetus for a visible and sustained federal
effort to protect and foster civil rights for African Americans. MIBURN, as the case was called (it
stood for Mississippi Burning), became the largest federal investigation ever conducted in
Mississippi. On October 20, 1967, seven men were convicted of conspiring to violate the
constitutional rights of the slain civil rights workers. All seven were sentenced to prison terms
ranging from three to ten years.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990[1] [2] (ADA) is a wide-ranging civil
rights law that is intended to protect against discrimination based on disability. Enactedby the U.S. Congress in 1990, it affords similar protections against discrimination to
Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964,[3] which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics
illegal. In addition, unlike the Civil Rights Act, the ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes
accessibility requirements on public accommodations.[4]
In 1986, the National Council on Disability had recommended enactment of an Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA) and drafted the first version of the bill which was introduced in the House and
Senate in 1988. The final version of the bill was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George
H. W. Bush. It was later amended in 2008 and signed by President George W. Bush with changes
effective as of January 1, 2009.[5]
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Contents
• 1 Disabilities included
• 2 Titles
• 2.1 Title I—employment
• 2.2 Title II—public entities (and public transportation)
• 2.3 Title III—public accommodations (and commercial facilities)
• 2.3.1 Service animals
• 2.4 Title IV—telecommunications
• 2.5 Title V—miscellaneous provisions
• 3 History
• 3.1 Drafting
• 3.2 Lobbying
• 3.3 Support and opposition
• 3.3.1 Support
• 3.3.2 Opposition from religious groups
• 3.3.3 Opposition from business interests
• 3.4 "Capitol Crawl"
• 3.5 Final passage
• 3.6 ADA Amendments Act, 2008
• 3.7 25th anniversary, 2015
• 4 Reaction
• 4.1 Criticism
• 4.1.1 Abuse
• 4.1.2 Employment
• 4.1.3 "Professional plaintiffs"
• 5 Case law
• 5.1 National Federation of the Blind v. Target Corporation
• 5.2 Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
• 5.3 Barden v. The City of Sacramento
• 5.4 Bates v. UPS
• 5.5 Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd.
• 5.6 Olmstead v. L.C.
• 5.7 Michigan Paralyzed Veterans of America v. The University of Michigan
• 5.8 Paralyzed Veterans of America v. Ellerbe Becket Architects and Engineers
• 5.9 Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. v. Williams
• 5.10 Access Now v. Southwest Airlines
• 5.11 Ouellette v. Viacom International Inc.
• 5.12 Authors Guild v. HathiTrust
• 5.13 Zamora-Quezada v. HealthTexas Medical Group
• 6 Resources
• 7 See also
• 8 References
• 9 External links
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Disabilities included
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1988, S. 2346, Page 1[6]
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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Page 2[7]
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Page 1[7]
ADA disabilities include both mental and physical medical conditions. A condition does not
need to be severe or permanent to be a disability.[8] Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
regulations provide a list of conditions that should easily be concluded to be disabilities: deafness,
blindness, an intellectual disability (formerly termed mental retardation), partially or completely
missing limbs or mobility impairments requiring the use of a wheelchair, autism, cancer, cerebral palsy,
diabetes, epilepsy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, multiple sclerosis, muscular
dystrophy, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive
compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia.[9] Other mental or physical health conditions also may be
disabilities, depending on what the individual's symptoms would be in the absence of "mitigating
measures" (medication, therapy, assistive devices, or other means of restoring function), during an
"active episode" of the condition (if the condition is episodic).[9]
Certain specific conditions that are widely considered anti-social, or tend to result in illegal activity,
such as kleptomania, pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, etc. are excluded under the definition of
"disability" in order to prevent abuse of the statute's purpose.[10] [11] Additionally, other specific
conditions, such as gender identity disorders, are also excluded under the definition of "disability".[11]
[12]
I remain,
Stan J. Caterbone, Pro Se Litigant
ADVANCED MEDIA GROUP
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Freedom From Covert Harassment & Surveillance,®
Registered in Pennsylvania
1250 Fremont Street
Lancaster, PA 17603www.amgglobalentetainmentgroup.com
ACTIVE COURT CASES
J.C. No. 03-16-90005 Office of the Circuit Executive, United States Third Circuit Court of
Appeals - COMPLAINT OF JUDICIALMISCONDUCT OR DISABILITY re 15-3400 and 16-1149
U.S.C.A. Third Circuit Court of Appeals Case No. 16-1149;15-3400; 16-1001; 07-4474
U.S. District Court Eastern District of PA Case No. 15-03984; 14-02559; 05-2288; 06-4650Superior Court of Pennsylvania AMICUS for Kathleen Kane Case No. 1164 EDA 2016; Case No.
1561 MDA 2015; 1519 MDA 2015Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas Case No. 08-13373; 15-10167; 06-03349, CI-06-
03401U.S. Bankruptcy Court for The Eastern District of Pennsylvania Case No. 16-10157
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•
•
• Tools
• Ladders & Scaffolding
• Scaffolding
Werner 6-ft x 74-in x 29-in Steel Rolling ScaffoldItem # 505162 Model # SRS-72
(3 Reviews)
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•
•
Image may not reflect item accurately; please see specifications for details
$119.18
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Initial Quantity is set to 1. Max Quantity is set to 9999.
Save
Share
Ships to Store FREE
Ready for pickup on 06/29/2016 at E. Lancaster Lowe's
Delivery
Ready for delivery on 06/29/2016 at E. Lancaster Lowe's
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CHAPTER 27ASSAULT
Sec.2701. Simple assault.2702. Aggravated assault.2702.1. Assault of law enforcement officer.2703. Assault by prisoner.2703.1. Aggravated harassment by prisoner.2704. Assault by life prisoner.2705. Recklessly endangering another person.2706. Terroristic threats.2707. Propulsion of missiles into an occupied vehicle or onto a
roadway.2707.1. Discharge of a firearm into an occupied structure.2707.2. Paintball guns and paintball markers.2708. Use of tear or noxious gas in labor disputes.2709. Harassment.2709.1. Stalking.2710. Ethnic intimidation.2711. Probable cause arrests in domestic violence cases.2712. Assault on sports official.2713. Neglect of care-dependent person.2714. Unauthorized administration of intoxicant.2715. Threat to use weapons of mass destruction.2716. Weapons of mass destruction.2717. Terrorism.
Enactment. Chapter 27 was added December 6, 1972, P.L.1482,No.334, effective in six months.
Cross References. Chapter 27 is referred to in section 3103 ofTitle 23 (Domestic Relations); sections 5750, 5985.1 of Title 42(Judiciary and Judicial Procedure).§ 2701. Simple assault.
(a) Offense defined.--Except as provided under section 2702(relating to aggravated assault), a person is guilty of assault ifhe:
(1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly orrecklessly causes bodily injury to another;
(2) negligently causes bodily injury to another with adeadly weapon;
(3) attempts by physical menace to put another in fear ofimminent serious bodily injury; or
(4) conceals or attempts to conceal a hypodermic needle onhis person and intentionally or knowingly penetrates a lawenforcement officer or an officer or an employee of acorrectional institution, county jail or prison, detentionfacility or mental hospital during the course of an arrest orany search of the person.(b) Grading.--Simple assault is a misdemeanor of the second
degree unless committed:(1) in a fight or scuffle entered into by mutual consent,
in which case it is a misdemeanor of the third degree; or(2) against a child under 12 years of age by a person 18
years of age or older, in which case it is a misdemeanor of thefirst degree.
(Dec. 19, 1988, P.L.1275, No.158, eff. 60 days; June 22, 2001,P.L.605, No.48, eff. 60 days; Dec. 9, 2002, P.L.1391, No.172, eff.60 days; Dec. 18, 2013, P.L.1198, No.118, eff. Jan. 1, 2014)
2013 Amendment. Act 118 amended subsecs. (a) and (b)(2).Cross References. Section 2701 is referred to in sections
2709.1, 2711, 2712, 6105.1, 9122.1 of this title; section 6711 ofTitle 23 (Domestic Relations); sections 4503, 4601 of Title 61(Prisons and Parole).§ 2702. Aggravated assault.
(a) Offense defined.--A person is guilty of aggravated assaultif he:
(1) attempts to cause serious bodily injury to another, orcauses such injury intentionally, knowingly or recklessly undercircumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value ofhuman life;
(2) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly orrecklessly causes serious bodily injury to any of the officers,
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agents, employees or other persons enumerated in subsection (c)or to an employee of an agency, company or other entity engagedin public transportation, while in the performance of duty;
(3) attempts to cause or intentionally or knowingly causesbodily injury to any of the officers, agents, employees orother persons enumerated in subsection (c), in the performanceof duty;
(4) attempts to cause or intentionally or knowingly causesbodily injury to another with a deadly weapon;
(5) attempts to cause or intentionally or knowingly causesbodily injury to a teaching staff member, school board memberor other employee, including a student employee, of anyelementary or secondary publicly-funded educationalinstitution, any elementary or secondary private schoollicensed by the Department of Education or any elementary orsecondary parochial school while acting in the scope of his orher employment or because of his or her employment relationshipto the school;
(6) attempts by physical menace to put any of theofficers, agents, employees or other persons enumerated insubsection (c), while in the performance of duty, in fear ofimminent serious bodily injury;
(7) uses tear or noxious gas as defined in section 2708(b)(relating to use of tear or noxious gas in labor disputes) oruses an electric or electronic incapacitation device againstany officer, employee or other person enumerated in subsection(c) while acting in the scope of his employment;
(8) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly orrecklessly causes bodily injury to a child less than six yearsof age, by a person 18 years of age or older; or
(9) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly orrecklessly causes serious bodily injury to a child less than 13years of age, by a person 18 years of age or older.(b) Grading.--Aggravated assault under subsection (a)(1), (2)
and (9) is a felony of the first degree. Aggravated assault undersubsection (a)(3), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8) is a felony of thesecond degree.
(c) Officers, employees, etc., enumerated.--The officers,agents, employees and other persons referred to in subsection (a)shall be as follows:
(1) Police officer.(2) Firefighter.(3) County adult probation or parole officer.(4) County juvenile probation or parole officer.(5) An agent of the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and
Parole.(6) Sheriff.(7) Deputy sheriff.(8) Liquor control enforcement agent.(9) Officer or employee of a correctional institution,
county jail or prison, juvenile detention center or any otherfacility to which the person has been ordered by the courtpursuant to a petition alleging delinquency under 42 Pa.C.S.Ch. 63 (relating to juvenile matters).
(10) Judge of any court in the unified judicial system.(11) The Attorney General.(12) A deputy attorney general.(13) A district attorney.(14) An assistant district attorney.(15) A public defender.(16) An assistant public defender.(17) A Federal law enforcement official.(18) A State law enforcement official.(19) A local law enforcement official.(20) Any person employed to assist or who assists any
Federal, State or local law enforcement official.(21) Emergency medical services personnel.(22) Parking enforcement officer.(23) A magisterial district judge.(24) A constable.(25) A deputy constable.(26) A psychiatric aide.(27) A teaching staff member, a school board member or
other employee, including a student employee, of any elementaryor secondary publicly funded educational institution, anyelementary or secondary private school licensed by theDepartment of Education or any elementary or secondary
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parochial school while acting in the scope of his or heremployment or because of his or her employment relationship tothe school.
(28) Governor.(29) Lieutenant Governor.(30) Auditor General.(31) State Treasurer.(32) Member of the General Assembly.(33) An employee of the Department of Environmental
Protection.(34) An individual engaged in the private detective
business as defined in section 2(a) and (b) of the act ofAugust 21, 1953 (P.L.1273, No.361), known as The PrivateDetective Act of 1953.
(35) An employee or agent of a county children and youthsocial service agency or of the legal representative of suchagency.
(36) A public utility employee or an employee of anelectric cooperative.
(37) A wildlife conservation officer or deputy wildlifeconservation officer of the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
(38) A waterways conservation officer or deputy waterwaysconservation officer of the Pennsylvania Fish and BoatCommission.(d) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words
and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Electric or electronic incapacitation device." A portabledevice which is designed or intended by the manufacturer to beused, offensively or defensively, to temporarily immobilize orincapacitate persons by means of electric pulse or current,including devices operated by means of carbon dioxide propellant.The term does not include cattle prods, electric fences or otherelectric devices when used in agricultural, animal husbandry orfood production activities.
"Emergency medical services personnel." The term includes, butis not limited to, doctors, residents, interns, registered nurses,licensed practical nurses, nurse aides, ambulance attendants andoperators, paramedics, emergency medical technicians and membersof a hospital security force while working within the scope oftheir employment.(Oct. 1, 1980, P.L.689, No.139, eff. 60 days; Oct. 16, 1980,P.L.978, No.167, eff. 60 days; Dec. 11, 1986, P.L.1517, No.164,eff. 60 days; Feb. 2, 1990, P.L.6, No.4, eff. 60 days; July 6,1995, P.L.238, No.27, eff. 60 days; Feb. 23, 1996, P.L.17, No.7,eff. 60 days; July 2, 1996, P.L.478, No.75, eff. 60 days; Dec. 21,1998, P.L.1245, No.159, eff. 60 days; Nov. 6, 2002, P.L.1096,No.132, eff. 60 days; Nov. 29, 2004, P.L.1349, No.173, eff. 60days; Nov. 30, 2004, P.L.1618, No.207, eff. 60 days; Oct. 24,2012, P.L.1205, No.150, eff. 60 days; Dec. 18, 2013, P.L.1198,No.118, eff. Jan. 1, 2014)
2013 Amendment. Act 118 amended subsecs. (a)(6) and (7) and(b) and added subsec. (a)(8) and (9).
2012 Amendment. Act 150 amended subsec. (c).2004 Amendments. See section 29 of Act 207 in the appendix to
this title for special provisions relating to construction of law.Cross References. Section 2702 is referred to in sections
2701, 2703, 2709.1, 2711, 5702, 5708, 6105 of this title; sections2511, 5329, 6344, 6711 of Title 23 (Domestic Relations); section904 of Title 30 (Fish); section 905.1 of Title 34 (Game); sections5551, 5552, 6302, 6307, 6308, 6336, 6355, 9714, 9717, 9718, 9719,9802 of Title 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure); section 702of Title 54 (Names); section 7122 of Title 61 (Prisons andParole).§ 2702.1. Assault of law enforcement officer.
(a) Assault of a law enforcement officer in the firstdegree.--A person commits a felony of the first degree whoattempts to cause or intentionally or knowingly causes bodilyinjury to a law enforcement officer, while in the performance ofduty and with knowledge that the victim is a law enforcementofficer, by discharging a firearm.
(b) Penalties.--Notwithstanding section 1103(1) (relating tosentence of imprisonment for felony), a person convicted undersubsection (a) shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment fixedby the court at not more than 40 years.
(c) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words
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and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Law enforcement officer." The term shall have the samemeaning as the term "peace officer" is given under section 501(relating to definitions).
"Firearm." As defined under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9712(e) (relating tosentences for offenses committed with firearms).(Oct. 17, 2008, P.L.1628, No.131, eff. 60 days)
2008 Amendment. Act 131 added section 2702.1.Cross References. Section 2702.1 is referred to in section
905.1 of Title 34 (Game); sections 9714, 9719.1 of Title 42(Judiciary and Judicial Procedure).§ 2703. Assault by prisoner.
(a) Offense defined.--A person who is confined in or committedto any local or county detention facility, jail or prison or anyState penal or correctional institution or other State penal orcorrectional facility located in this Commonwealth is guilty of afelony of the second degree if he, while so confined or committedor while undergoing transportation to or from such an institutionor facility in or to which he was confined or committedintentionally or knowingly, commits an assault upon another with adeadly weapon or instrument, or by any means or force likely toproduce serious bodily injury. A person is guilty of this offenseif he intentionally or knowingly causes another to come intocontact with blood, seminal fluid, saliva, urine or feces bythrowing, tossing, spitting or expelling such fluid or materialwhen, at the time of the offense, the person knew, had reason toknow, should have known or believed such fluid or material to havebeen obtained from an individual, including the person chargedunder this section, infected by a communicable disease, including,but not limited to, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) orhepatitis B.
(b) Consecutive sentences.--The court shall order that anysentence imposed for a violation of subsection (a), or anysentence imposed for a violation of section 2702(a) (relating toaggravated assault) where the victim is a detention facility orcorrectional facility employee, be served consecutively with theperson's current sentence.(Dec. 10, 1974, P.L.810, No.268; Feb. 18, 1998, P.L.102, No.19,eff. imd.)
Cross References. Section 2703 is referred to in section 6105of this title; section 9802 of Title 42 (Judiciary and JudicialProcedure); section 7122 of Title 61 (Prisons and Parole).§ 2703.1. Aggravated harassment by prisoner.
A person who is confined in or committed to any local or countydetention facility, jail or prison or any State penal orcorrectional institution or other State penal or correctionalfacility located in this Commonwealth commits a felony of thethird degree if he, while so confined or committed or whileundergoing transportation to or from such an institution orfacility in or to which he was confined or committed,intentionally or knowingly causes or attempts to cause another tocome into contact with blood, seminal fluid, saliva, urine orfeces by throwing, tossing, spitting or expelling such fluid ormaterial.(Feb. 18, 1998, P.L.102, No.19, eff. imd.)
1998 Amendment. Act 19 added section 2703.1.§ 2704. Assault by life prisoner.
Every person who has been sentenced to death or lifeimprisonment in any penal institution located in thisCommonwealth, and whose sentence has not been commuted, whocommits an aggravated assault with a deadly weapon or instrumentupon another, or by any means of force likely to produce seriousbodily injury, is guilty of a crime, the penalty for which shallbe the same as the penalty for murder of the second degree. Aperson is guilty of this offense if he intentionally or knowinglycauses another to come into contact with blood, seminal fluid,saliva, urine or feces by throwing, tossing, spitting or expellingsuch fluid or material when, at the time of the offense, theperson knew, had reason to know, should have known or believedsuch fluid or material to have been obtained from an individual,including the person charged under this section, infected by acommunicable disease, including, but not limited to, humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B.
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(Mar. 26, 1974, P.L.213, No.46, eff. imd.; Feb. 18, 1998, P.L.102,No.19, eff. imd.)
Cross References. Section 2704 is referred to in section 6105of this title; section 9802 of Title 42 (Judiciary and JudicialProcedure); section 7122 of Title 61 (Prisons and Parole).§ 2705. Recklessly endangering another person.
A person commits a misdemeanor of the second degree if herecklessly engages in conduct which places or may place anotherperson in danger of death or serious bodily injury.
Cross References. Section 2705 is referred to in sections2709.1, 2711 of this title; section 6711 of Title 23 (DomesticRelations).§ 2706. Terroristic threats.
(a) Offense defined.--A person commits the crime ofterroristic threats if the person communicates, either directly orindirectly, a threat to:
(1) commit any crime of violence with intent to terrorizeanother;
(2) cause evacuation of a building, place of assembly orfacility of public transportation; or
(3) otherwise cause serious public inconvenience, or causeterror or serious public inconvenience with reckless disregardof the risk of causing such terror or inconvenience.(b) Restitution.--A person convicted of violating this section
shall, in addition to any other sentence imposed or restitutionordered under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(c) (relating to sentencinggenerally), be sentenced to pay restitution in an amount equal tothe cost of the evacuation, including, but not limited to, fireand police response; emergency medical service or emergencypreparedness response; and transportation of an individual fromthe building, place of assembly or facility.
(c) Preservation of private remedies.--No judgment or order ofrestitution shall debar a person, by appropriate action, torecover from the offender as otherwise provided by law, providedthat any civil award shall be reduced by the amount paid under thecriminal judgment.
(d) Grading.--An offense under subsection (a) constitutes amisdemeanor of the first degree unless the threat causes theoccupants of the building, place of assembly or facility of publictransportation to be diverted from their normal or customaryoperations, in which case the offense constitutes a felony of thethird degree.
(e) Definition.--As used in this section, the term"communicates" means conveys in person or by written or electronicmeans, including telephone, electronic mail, Internet, facsimile,telex and similar transmissions.(June 18, 1998, P.L.534, No.76, eff. 60 days; Dec. 15, 1999,P.L.915, No.59, eff. 60 days; June 28, 2002, P.L.481, No.82, eff.60 days)
2002 Amendment. Act 82 amended subsecs. (b), (c) and (d).1999 Amendment. Act 59 amended subsec. (a) and added subsecs.
(d) and (e).Cross References. Section 2706 is referred to in sections 911,
2711, 5708 of this title; section 5329 of Title 23 (DomesticRelations); section 5552 of Title 42 (Judiciary and JudicialProcedure); section 1532 of Title 75 (Vehicles).§ 2707. Propulsion of missiles into an occupied vehicle or onto a
roadway.(a) Occupied vehicles.--Whoever intentionally throws, shoots
or propels a rock, stone, brick, or piece of iron, steel or otherlike metal, or any deadly or dangerous missile, or fire bomb, intoa vehicle or instrumentality of public transportation that isoccupied by one or more persons commits a misdemeanor of the firstdegree.
(b) Roadways.--Whoever intentionally throws, shoots, drops orcauses to be propelled any solid object, from an overpass or anyother location adjacent to or on a roadway, onto or toward saidroadway shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree.(July 16, 1975, P.L.62, No.37; Dec. 21, 1998, P.L.1103, No.149,eff. 60 days)
1998 Amendment. Act 149 amended subsec. (b).§ 2707.1. Discharge of a firearm into an occupied structure.
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(a) Offense defined.--A person commits an offense if heknowingly, intentionally or recklessly discharges a firearm fromany location into an occupied structure.
(b) Grading.--An offense under this section shall be a felonyof the third degree.
(c) Defense.--It is a defense to prosecution under thissection that:
(1) the person discharging the firearm was a lawenforcement officer engaged in the performance of his officiallaw enforcement duties; or
(2) the person discharging the firearm was engaged in ahunting activity; and
(i) the discharge of the firearm took place from alocation where the hunting activity is lawful; and
(ii) the passage of the projectile from the firearminto the occupied structure was not intentional, knowing orreckless.
(d) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following wordsand phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Firearm." Any weapon which is designed to or may readily beconverted to expel any projectile by the action of an explosion orthe frame or receiver of any such weapon.
"Occupied structure." Any structure, vehicle or place adaptedfor overnight accommodation of persons or for carrying on businesstherein, whether or not a person is actually present.(Dec. 20, 2000, P.L.831, No.116, eff. 60 days)
2000 Amendment. Act 116 added section 2707.1.§ 2707.2. Paintball guns and paintball markers.
(a) Unlawful carrying in vehicle.--(1) (Deleted by amendment).(1.1) Except as set forth in paragraph (2), an individual
may not carry a paintball gun or a paintball marker in avehicle on a highway unless all of the following apply:
(i) The paintball gun or paintball marker is empty ofencapsulated gelatin paintballs.
(ii) The propellant source on the paintball gun orpaintball marker is disconnected, disabled or turned off.
(iii) The paintballs are stored in a separate andclosed container.
(iv) The paintball gun or paintball marker is:(A) in a secure wrapper;(B) has a barrel-blocking device installed; or(C) is not readily or directly accessible from the
passenger compartment of the vehicle.(2) Paragraph (1.1) does not apply to a commercial
paintball field, range or course where passengers are beingtransported by the commercial field, range or course operatorto and from designated player areas.(a.1) Unlawful discharge of paintball gun or paintball
marker.--An individual may not discharge or fire a paintball gunor paintball marker at a person who is not participating inpaintball games or paintball-related recreational activities.
(b) Penalty.--A person who violates this section commits asummary offense.
(c) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following wordsand phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Barrel-blocking device." A device which captures or preventsthe discharge of an encapsulated gelatin paintball from apaintball gun or paintball marker and meets the specifications ofthe American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) F2271-03(Standard Specification for Paintball Marker Barrel BlockingDevices) or its successor.
"Paintball gun." A device designed and manufactured to propel,by gas or air, an encapsulated gelatin paintball.
"Paintball marker." A device designed and manufactured topropel, by gas or air, an encapsulated gelatin paintball.(Nov. 21, 2001, P.L.846, No.87, eff. 60 days; Dec. 22, 2005,P.L.449, No.85, eff. 60 days)
Cross References. Section 2707.2 is referred to in section6304 of this title.§ 2708. Use of tear or noxious gas in labor disputes.
(a) Offense defined.--A person other than a duly constitutedofficer of the law is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree
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if he uses or directs the use of tear or noxious gas against anyperson involved in a labor dispute.
(b) Definition.--As used in this section, the term "tear ornoxious gas" means any liquid or gaseous substance that, whendispersed in the atmosphere, blinds the eyes with tears orirritates or injures other organs and tissues of the human body orcauses nausea, including, but not limited to, red pepper spray.(Nov. 6, 2002, P.L.1096, No.132, eff. 60 days)
Cross References. Section 2708 is referred to in section 2702of this title.§ 2709. Harassment.
(a) Offense defined.--A person commits the crime of harassmentwhen, with intent to harass, annoy or alarm another, the person:
(1) strikes, shoves, kicks or otherwise subjects the otherperson to physical contact, or attempts or threatens to do thesame;
(2) follows the other person in or about a public place orplaces;
(3) engages in a course of conduct or repeatedly commitsacts which serve no legitimate purpose;
(4) communicates to or about such other person any lewd,lascivious, threatening or obscene words, language, drawings orcaricatures;
(5) communicates repeatedly in an anonymous manner;(6) communicates repeatedly at extremely inconvenient
hours; or(7) communicates repeatedly in a manner other than
specified in paragraphs (4), (5) and (6).(a.1) Cyber harassment of a child.--
(1) A person commits the crime of cyber harassment of achild if, with intent to harass, annoy or alarm, the personengages in a continuing course of conduct of making any of thefollowing by electronic means directly to a child or bypublication through an electronic social media service:
(i) seriously disparaging statement or opinion aboutthe child's physical characteristics, sexuality, sexualactivity or mental or physical health or condition; or
(ii) threat to inflict harm.(2) (i) If a juvenile is charged with a violation ofparagraph (1), the judicial authority with jurisdictionover the violation shall give first consideration toreferring the juvenile charged with the violation to adiversionary program under Pa.R.J.C.P. No. 312 (relating toInformal Adjustment) or No. 370 (relating to ConsentDecree). As part of the diversionary program, the judicialauthority may order the juvenile to participate in aneducational program which includes the legal and nonlegalconsequences of cyber harassment.
(ii) If the person successfully completes thediversionary program, the juvenile's records of the chargeof violating paragraph (1) shall be expunged as providedfor under section 9123 (relating to juvenile records).
(b) Stalking.--(Deleted by amendment).(b.1) Venue.--
(1) An offense committed under this section may be deemedto have been committed at either the place at which thecommunication or communications were made or at the place wherethe communication or communications were received.
(2) Acts indicating a course of conduct which occur inmore than one jurisdiction may be used by any otherjurisdiction in which an act occurred as evidence of acontinuing pattern of conduct or a course of conduct.
(3) In addition to paragraphs (1) and (2), an offenseunder subsection (a.1) may be deemed to have been committed atthe place where the child who is the subject of thecommunication resides.(c) Grading.--
(1) Except as provided under paragraph (3), an offenseunder subsection (a)(1), (2) or (3) shall constitute a summaryoffense.
(2) An offense under subsection (a)(4), (5), (6) or (7) or(a.1) shall constitute a misdemeanor of the third degree.
(3) The grading of an offense under subsection (a)(1), (2)or (3) shall be enhanced one degree if the person haspreviously violated an order issued under 23 Pa.C.S. § 6108(relating to relief) involving the same victim, family or
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household member.(d) False reports.--A person who knowingly gives false
information to any law enforcement officer with the intent toimplicate another under this section commits an offense undersection 4906 (relating to false reports to law enforcementauthorities).
(e) Application of section.--This section shall not apply toconstitutionally protected activity.
(e.1) Course of conduct.--(Deleted by amendment).(f) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words
and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Communicates." Conveys a message without intent of legitimatecommunication or address by oral, nonverbal, written or electronicmeans, including telephone, electronic mail, Internet, facsimile,telex, wireless communication or similar transmission.
"Course of conduct." A pattern of actions composed of morethan one act over a period of time, however short, evidencing acontinuity of conduct. The term includes lewd, lascivious,threatening or obscene words, language, drawings, caricatures oractions, either in person or anonymously. Acts indicating a courseof conduct which occur in more than one jurisdiction may be usedby any other jurisdiction in which an act occurred as evidence ofa continuing pattern of conduct or a course of conduct.
"Emotional distress." A temporary or permanent state of mentalanguish.
"Family or household member." Spouses or persons who have beenspouses, persons living as spouses or who lived as spouses,parents and children, other persons related by consanguinity oraffinity, current or former sexual or intimate partners or personswho share biological parenthood.
"Seriously disparaging statement or opinion." A statement oropinion which is intended to and under the circumstances isreasonably likely to cause substantial emotional distress to achild of the victim's age and which produces some physicalmanifestation of the distress.
(June 23, 1993, P.L.124, No.28, eff. imd.; Oct. 2, 1997, P.L.379,No.44, eff. 60 days; Dec. 15, 1999, P.L.915, No.59, eff. 60 days;Dec. 9, 2002, P.L.1759, No.218, eff. 60 days; Nov. 27, 2013,P.L.1061, No.91, eff. 60 days; July 10, 2015, P.L.140, No.26, eff.60 days; Nov. 4, 2015, P.L.224, No.59, eff. 60 days)
2015 Amendments. Act 26 amended subsecs. (c)(2) and (f) andadded subsecs. (a.1) and (b.1)(3) and Act 59 amended subsec. (e).See the preamble to Act 59 of 2015 in the appendix to this titlefor special provisions relating to legislative intent.
2013 Amendment. Act 91 amended subsec. (c) and added the def.of "family or household member" in subsec. (f).
2002 Amendment. See sections 9 and 10 of Act 218 in theappendix to this title for special provisions relating toreferences to section 2709 and references to section 5504.
Cross References. Section 2709 is referred to in sections4954, 4955, 5708 of this title; section 3304 of Title 5 (Athleticsand Sports); sections 6108, 6711 of Title 23 (Domestic Relations);sections 3573, 62A03 of Title 42 (Judiciary and JudicialProcedure).§ 2709.1. Stalking.
(a) Offense defined.--A person commits the crime of stalkingwhen the person either:
(1) engages in a course of conduct or repeatedly commitsacts toward another person, including following the personwithout proper authority, under circumstances which demonstrateeither an intent to place such other person in reasonable fearof bodily injury or to cause substantial emotional distress tosuch other person; or
(2) engages in a course of conduct or repeatedlycommunicates to another person under circumstances whichdemonstrate or communicate either an intent to place such otherperson in reasonable fear of bodily injury or to causesubstantial emotional distress to such other person.(b) Venue.--
(1) An offense committed under this section may be deemedto have been committed at either the place at which thecommunication or communications were made or at the place wherethe communication or communications were received.
(2) Acts indicating a course of conduct which occur in
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more than one jurisdiction may be used by any otherjurisdiction in which an act occurred as evidence of acontinuing pattern of conduct or a course of conduct.(c) Grading.--
(1) Except as otherwise provided for in paragraph (2), afirst offense under this section shall constitute a misdemeanorof the first degree.
(2) A second or subsequent offense under this section or afirst offense under subsection (a) if the person has beenpreviously convicted of a crime of violence involving the samevictim, family or household member, including, but not limitedto, a violation of section 2701 (relating to simple assault),2702 (relating to aggravated assault), 2705 (relating torecklessly endangering another person), 2901 (relating tokidnapping), 3121 (relating to rape) or 3123 (relating toinvoluntary deviate sexual intercourse), an order issued undersection 4954 (relating to protective orders) or an order issuedunder 23 Pa.C.S. § 6108 (relating to relief) shall constitute afelony of the third degree.(d) False reports.--A person who knowingly gives false
information to any law enforcement officer with the intent toimplicate another under this section commits an offense undersection 4906 (relating to false reports to law enforcementauthorities).
(e) Application of section.--This section shall not apply toconstitutionally protected activity.
(f) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following wordsand phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Communicates." To convey a message without intent oflegitimate communication or address by oral, nonverbal, written orelectronic means, including telephone, electronic mail, Internet,facsimile, telex, wireless communication or similar transmission.
"Course of conduct." A pattern of actions composed of morethan one act over a period of time, however short, evidencing acontinuity of conduct. The term includes lewd, lascivious,threatening or obscene words, language, drawings, caricatures oractions, either in person or anonymously. Acts indicating a courseof conduct which occur in more than one jurisdiction may be usedby any other jurisdiction in which an act occurred as evidence ofa continuing pattern of conduct or a course of conduct.
"Emotional distress." A temporary or permanent state of mentalanguish.
"Family or household member." Spouses or persons who have beenspouses, persons living as spouses or who lived as spouses,parents and children, other persons related by consanguinity oraffinity, current or former sexual or intimate partners or personswho share biological parenthood.(Dec. 9, 2002, P.L.1759, No.218, eff. 60 days; Nov. 4, 2015,P.L.224, No.59, eff. 60 days)
2015 Amendment. Act 59 amended subsec. (e). See the preambleto Act 59 of 2015 in the appendix to this title for specialprovisions relating to legislative intent.
2002 Amendment. Act 218 added section 2709.1. See sections 9and 10 of Act 218 in the appendix to this title for specialprovisions relating to references to section 2709 and referencesto section 5504.
Cross References. Section 2709.1 is referred to in sections2711, 4954, 4955, 5708, 6105 of this title; section 3304 of Title5 (Athletics and Sports); sections 5329, 6108, 6344, 6702, 6704,6711 of Title 23 (Domestic Relations); section 62A03 of Title 42(Judiciary and Judicial Procedure).§ 2710. Ethnic intimidation.
(a) Offense defined.--A person commits the offense of ethnicintimidation if, with malicious intention toward the race, color,religion or national origin of another individual or group ofindividuals, he commits an offense under any other provision ofthis article or under Chapter 33 (relating to arson, criminalmischief and other property destruction) exclusive of section 3307(relating to institutional vandalism) or under section 3503(relating to criminal trespass) with respect to such individual orhis or her property or with respect to one or more members of suchgroup or to their property.
(b) Grading.--An offense under this section shall beclassified as a misdemeanor of the third degree if the otheroffense is classified as a summary offense. Otherwise, an offense
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under this section shall be classified one degree higher in theclassification specified in section 106 (relating to classes ofoffenses) than the classification of the other offense.
(c) Definition.--As used in this section "malicious intention"means the intention to commit any act, the commission of which isa necessary element of any offense referred to in subsection (a)motivated by hatred toward the race, color, religion or nationalorigin of another individual or group of individuals.(June 18, 1982, P.L.537, No.154, eff. imd.; Dec. 3, 2002,P.L.1176, No.143, eff. imd.; Dec. 9, 2002, P.L.1759, No.218, eff.60 days)
2008 Effectuation of Declaration of Unconstitutionality. TheLegislative Reference Bureau effectuated the 2007unconstitutionality.
2007 Unconstitutionality. Act 143 of 2002 was declaredunconstitutional. Marcavage v. Rendell, 936 A.2d 188 (Pa.Commonwealth 2007).
2002 Amendments. Act 143 amended the entire section and Act218 amended subsec. (a). Act 218 overlooked the amendment by Act143, but the amendments do not conflict in substance and both havebeen given effect in setting forth the text of subsec. (a).
1982 Amendment. See section 2 of Act 154 of 1982 in theappendix to this title for special provisions relating to right ofaction for injunction, damages or other relief.
Effective Date. After December 2, 2002, and before February 7,2003, section 2710 will reflect only the amendment by Act 143, asfollows:
§ 2710. Ethnic intimidation.(a) Offense defined.--A person commits the offense of
ethnic intimidation if, with malicious intention toward theactual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin,ancestry, mental or physical disability, sexual orientation,gender or gender identity of another individual or group ofindividuals, he commits an offense under any other provision ofthis article or under Chapter 33 (relating to arson, criminalmischief and other property destruction) exclusive of section3307 (relating to institutional vandalism) or under section3503 (relating to criminal trespass) or under section 5504(relating to harassment by communication or address) withrespect to such individual or his or her property or withrespect to one or more members of such group or to theirproperty.
(b) Grading.--An offense under this section shall beclassified as a misdemeanor of the third degree if the otheroffense is classified as a summary offense. Otherwise, anoffense under this section shall be classified one degreehigher in the classification specified in section 106 (relatingto classes of offenses) than the classification of the otheroffense.
(c) Definition.--As used in this section "maliciousintention" means the intention to commit any act, thecommission of which is a necessary element of any offensereferred to in subsection (a) motivated by hatred toward theactual or perceived race, color, religion or national origin,ancestry, mental or physical disability, sexual orientation,gender or gender identity of another individual or group ofindividuals.Cross References. Section 2710 is referred to in section 8309
of Title 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure).§ 2711. Probable cause arrests in domestic violence cases.
(a) General rule.--A police officer shall have the same rightof arrest without a warrant as in a felony whenever he hasprobable cause to believe the defendant has violated section 2504(relating to involuntary manslaughter), 2701 (relating to simpleassault), 2702(a)(3), (4) and (5) (relating to aggravatedassault), 2705 (relating to recklessly endangering anotherperson), 2706 (relating to terroristic threats) or 2709.1(relating to stalking) against a family or household memberalthough the offense did not take place in the presence of thepolice officer. A police officer may not arrest a person pursuantto this section without first observing recent physical injury tothe victim or other corroborative evidence. For the purposes ofthis subsection, the term "family or household member" has themeaning given that term in 23 Pa.C.S. § 6102 (relating todefinitions).
(b) Seizure of weapons.--The arresting police officer shall
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seize all weapons used by the defendant in the commission of thealleged offense.
(c) Bail.--(1) A defendant arrested pursuant to this section shall be
afforded a preliminary arraignment by the proper issuingauthority without unnecessary delay. In no case shall thearresting officer release the defendant from custody ratherthan taking the defendant before the issuing authority.
(2) In determining whether to admit the defendant to bail,the issuing authority shall consider whether the defendantposes a threat of danger to the victim. If the issuingauthority makes such a determination, it shall require as acondition of bail that the defendant shall refrain fromentering the residence or household of the victim and thevictim's place of employment and shall refrain from committingany further criminal conduct against the victim and shall sonotify the defendant thereof at the time the defendant isadmitted to bail. Such condition shall expire at the time ofthe preliminary hearing or upon the entry or the denial of theprotection of abuse order by the court, whichever occurs first.A violation of this condition may be punishable by therevocation of any form of pretrial release or the forfeiture ofbail and the issuance of a bench warrant for the defendant'sarrest or remanding him to custody or a modification of theterms of the bail. The defendant shall be provided a hearing onthis matter.(d) Notice of rights.--Upon responding to a domestic violence
case, the police officer shall, orally or in writing, notify thevictim of the availability of a shelter, including its telephonenumber, or other services in the community. Said notice shallinclude the following statement: "If you are the victim ofdomestic violence, you have the right to go to court and file apetition requesting an order for protection from domestic abusepursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. Ch. 61 (relating to protection from abuse)which could include the following:
(1) An order restraining the abuser from further acts ofabuse.
(2) An order directing the abuser to leave your household.(3) An order preventing the abuser from entering your
residence, school, business or place of employment.(4) An order awarding you or the other parent temporary
custody of or temporary visitation with your child or children.(5) An order directing the abuser to pay support to you
and the minor children if the abuser has a legal obligation todo so."
(Feb. 15, 1986, P.L.27, No.10, eff. 60 days; Dec. 19, 1990,P.L.1240, No.206, eff. 90 days; Dec. 20, 2000, P.L.728, No.101,eff. 60 days; Dec. 9, 2002, P.L.1759, No.218, eff. 60 days)
2002 Amendment. Act 218 amended subsec. (a).1990 Amendment. Act 206 amended subsec. (d).
§ 2712. Assault on sports official.(a) Offense defined.--A person who violates section 2701
(relating to simple assault), where the victim is a sportsofficial who was assaulted during a sports event or was assaultedas a result of his or her official acts as a sports official, isguilty of assault on a sports official.
(b) Grading.--Assault on a sports official is a misdemeanor ofthe first degree.
(c) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following wordsand phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Sports event." Any interscholastic athletic activity in ajunior high school, high school, college or university in thisCommonwealth or any other organized athletic activity in thisCommonwealth, including a professional or semiprofessional event.
"Sports official." A person at a sports event who enforces therules of the event, such as an umpire or referee, or a person whosupervises the participants, such as a coach. The term includes atrainer, team attendant, game manager, athletic director,assistant athletic director, president, dean, headmaster,principal and assistant principal of a school, college oruniversity.(Feb. 14, 1990, P.L.54, No.7, eff. imd.)
1990 Amendment. Act 7 added section 2712.§ 2713. Neglect of care-dependent person.
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(a) Offense defined.--A caretaker is guilty of neglect of acare-dependent person if he:
(1) Intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodilyinjury or serious bodily injury by failing to providetreatment, care, goods or services necessary to preserve thehealth, safety or welfare of a care-dependent person for whomhe is responsible to provide care.
(2) Intentionally or knowingly uses a physical restraintor chemical restraint or medication on a care-dependent person,or isolates a care-dependent person contrary to law orregulation, such that bodily injury or serious bodily injuryresults.(b) Penalty.--
(1) A violation of subsection (a)(1) constitutes amisdemeanor of the first degree if the victim suffers bodilyinjury.
(2) A violation of subsection (a)(1) constitutes a felonyof the first degree if the victim suffers serious bodilyinjury.
(3) A violation of subsection (a)(2) constitutes amisdemeanor of the first degree if the victim suffers bodilyinjury.
(4) A violation of subsection (a)(2) constitutes a felonyof the first degree if the victim suffers serious bodilyinjury.(c) Report during investigation.--When in the course of
conducting any regulatory or investigative responsibility, theDepartment of Aging, the Department of Health or the Department ofPublic Welfare has a reasonable cause to believe that acare-dependent person or care-dependent persons residing in afacility have suffered bodily injury or been unlawfully restrainedin violation of subsection (a)(1) or (2), a report shall be madeimmediately to the local law enforcement agency or to the Officeof Attorney General.
(d) Enforcement.--(1) The district attorneys of the several counties shall
have authority to investigate and to institute criminalproceedings for any violations of this section.
(2) In addition to the authority conferred upon theAttorney General under the act of October 15, 1980 (P.L.950,No.164), known as the Commonwealth Attorneys Act, the AttorneyGeneral shall have the authority to investigate and institutecriminal proceedings for any violation of this section. Aperson charged with a violation of this section by the AttorneyGeneral shall not have standing to challenge the authority ofthe Attorney General to investigate or prosecute the case, and,if any such challenge is made, the challenge shall be dismissedand no relief shall be available in the courts of thisCommonwealth to the person making the challenge.(e) Treatment in conformance with care-dependent person's
right to accept or refuse services.--A caretaker or any otherindividual or facility may offer an affirmative defense to chargesfiled pursuant to this section if the caretaker, individual orfacility can demonstrate through a preponderance of the evidencethat the alleged violations result directly from:
(1) the caretaker's, individual's or facility's lawfulcompliance with a care-dependent person's living will asprovided in 20 Pa.C.S. Ch. 54 (relating to health care);
(2) the caretaker's, individual's or facility's lawfulcompliance with the care-dependent person's written, signed andwitnessed instructions, executed when the care-dependent personis competent as to the treatment he wishes to receive;
(3) the caretaker's, individual's or facility's lawfulcompliance with the direction of the care-dependent person's:
(i) agent acting pursuant to a lawful durable power ofattorney under 20 Pa.C.S. Ch. 56 (relating to powers ofattorney), within the scope of that power; or
(ii) health care agent acting pursuant to a healthcare power of attorney under 20 Pa.C.S. Ch. 54 Subch. C(relating to health care agents and representatives),within the scope of that power;(4) the caretaker's, individual's or facility's lawful
compliance with a "Do Not Resuscitate" order written and signedby the care-dependent person's attending physician; or
(5) the caretaker's, individual's or facility's lawfulcompliance with the direction of the care-dependent person'shealth care representative under 20 Pa.C.S. § 5461 (relating to
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decisions by health care representative), provided thecare-dependent person has an end-stage medical condition or ispermanently unconscious as these terms are defined in 20Pa.C.S. § 5422 (relating to definitions) as determined anddocumented in the person's medical record by the person'sattending physician.(f) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words
and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Care-dependent person." Any adult who, due to physical orcognitive disability or impairment, requires assistance to meethis needs for food, shelter, clothing, personal care or healthcare.
"Caretaker." Any person who:(1) is an owner, operator, manager or employee of a
nursing home, personal care home, domiciliary care home,community residential facility, intermediate care facility forthe mentally retarded, adult daily living center, home healthagency or home health service provider whether licensed orunlicensed;
(2) provides care to a care-dependent person in thesetting described in paragraph (1); or
(3) has an obligation to care for a care-dependent personfor monetary consideration in the settings described inparagraph (1) or in the care-dependent person's home."Person." A natural person, corporation, partnership,
unincorporated association or other business entity.(July 6, 1995, P.L.242, No.28, eff. 60 days; June 25, 1997,P.L.284, No.26, eff. 60 days; June 18, 1998, P.L.503, No.70, eff.60 days; Nov. 29, 2006, P.L.1484, No.169, eff. 60 days)
2006 Amendment. Act 169 amended subsec. (e).1998 Amendment. Act 70 amended subsec. (d)(2).1997 Amendment. Act 26 amended subsec. (f).1995 Amendment. Act 28 added section 2713.References in Text. The Department of Public Welfare, referred
to in this section, was redesignated as the Department of HumanServices by Act 132 of 2014.
Cross References. Section 2713 is referred to in section 4120of this title; section 5461 of Title 20 (Decedents, Estates andFiduciaries); section 5552 of Title 42 (Judiciary and JudicialProcedure).§ 2714. Unauthorized administration of intoxicant.
A person commits a felony of the third degree when, with theintent to commit an offense under section 3121(a)(4) (relating torape), 3123(a)(4) (relating to involuntary deviate sexualintercourse), 3125(5) (relating to aggravated indecent assault) or3126(a)(5) (relating to indecent assault), he or she substantiallyimpairs the complainant's power to appraise or control his or herconduct by administering, without the knowledge of thecomplainant, drugs or other intoxicants.(Dec. 19, 1997, P.L.621, No.65, eff. 60 days)
1997 Amendment. Act 65 added section 2714.§ 2715. Threat to use weapons of mass destruction.
(a) Offense defined.--A person who intentionally:(1) (Deleted by amendment).(2) (Deleted by amendment).(3) reports without factual basis of knowledge the
existence or potential existence of a weapon of massdestruction; or
(4) threatens by any means the placement or setting of aweapon of mass destruction;
commits an offense under this section. A separate offense shalloccur for each report or threat to place or set a weapon of massdestruction.
(b) Penalty.--An offense under this section shall be graded asfollows:
(1) Except as set forth in paragraph (2), a misdemeanor ofthe first degree.
(2) If the report or threat causes the occupants of abuilding, place of assembly or facility of publictransportation to be diverted from their normal or customaryoperations, a felony of the third degree.
(3) A felony of the second degree if the offense occursduring a declared state of emergency and the report or threatcauses disruption to the operations of any person, business
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entity or governmental agency where the weapon of massdestruction is reported to exist or threatened to be placed orset.(c) Emergency response costs.--A person convicted of violating
this section shall, in addition to any other sentence imposed orrestitution ordered under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(c) (relating tosentencing generally), be sentenced to pay restitution in anamount equal to the cost of the evacuation, including, but notlimited to, fire and police response; emergency medical service oremergency preparedness response; and transportation of anindividual from the building, place of assembly or facility.
(c.1) Preservation of private remedies.--No judgment or orderof restitution shall debar a person, by appropriate action, torecover from the offender as otherwise provided by law, providedthat any civil award shall be reduced by the amount paid under thecriminal judgment.
(c.2) Application of section.--(Deleted by amendment).(d) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words
and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Biological agent." A natural or genetically engineeredpathogen, toxin, virus, bacteria, prion, fungus or microorganismwhich causes infections, disease or bodily harm.
"Bomb." An explosive device used for unlawful purposes."Chemical agent." Any of the following:
(1) A nerve agent, including tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman(GD), GF and VX.
(2) A choking agent, including phosgene (CG) anddiphosgene (DP).
(3) A blood agent, including hydrogen cyanide (AC),cyanogen chloride (CK) and arsine (SA).
(4) A blister agent. This paragraph includes:(i) Mustard (H).(ii) Sulfur mustard (HD).(iii) HN-1.(iv) HN-2.(v) Sulfur mustard (HN-3).(vi) An arsenical, such as lewisite (L).(vii) An urticant, such as CX.(viii) An incapacitating agent, such as B2.
(5) Any other chemical element or compound which causesdeath or bodily harm."Nuclear agent." A radioactive material."Weapon of mass destruction." A bomb, biological agent,
chemical agent or nuclear agent.
(Dec. 20, 2000, P.L.728, No.101, eff. 60 days; June 28, 2002,P.L.481, No.82, eff. 60 days; Nov. 4, 2015, P.L.224, No.59, eff.60 days)
2015 Amendment. Act 59 deleted subsec. (c.2). See the preambleto Act 59 of 2015 in the appendix to this title for specialprovisions relating to legislative intent.§ 2716. Weapons of mass destruction.
(a) Unlawful possession or manufacture.--A person commits anoffense if the person, without lawful authority to do so,intentionally, knowingly or recklessly possesses or manufactures aweapon of mass destruction.
(b) Use.--A person commits an offense if the person, withoutlawful authority to do so, intentionally, knowingly or recklesslysells, purchases, transports or causes another to transport,delivers or causes to be delivered or uses a weapon of massdestruction and if such action causes any of the following:
(1) Illness or injury to another individual.(2) Damage to or disruption of a water or food supply or
public natural resources, including waterways, State forestsand parks, surface water, groundwater and wildlife.
(3) Evacuation of a building, place of assembly orfacility of public transportation.(c) Grading.--
(1) A first offense under subsection (a) constitutes afelony of the second degree. A subsequent offense undersubsection (a) constitutes a felony of the first degree.
(2) An offense under subsection (b)(1) constitutes afelony of the first degree. If the offense results in the deathof an individual, the defendant shall be sentenced to lifeimprisonment.
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(3) An offense under subsection (b)(2) or (3) constitutesa felony of the first degree.(d) Restitution.--A person convicted of violating this section
shall, in addition to any other sentence imposed or restitutionordered under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(c) (relating to sentencinggenerally), be sentenced to pay restitution in an amount equal tothe cost of the evacuation, including, but not limited to, fireand police response; emergency medical service or emergencypreparedness response; and transportation of an individual fromthe building, place of assembly or facility.
(e) Preservation of private remedies.--No judgment or order ofrestitution shall debar a person, by appropriate action, torecover from the offender as otherwise provided by law, providedthat any civil award shall be reduced by the amount paid under thecriminal judgment.
(f) Possession.--For purposes of this section, an individualshall not be deemed to be in possession of an agent if theindividual is naturally exposed to or innocently infected orcontaminated with the agent.
(g) Enforcement.--(1) In addition to the authority conferred upon the
Attorney General under sections 205 and 206 of the act ofOctober 15, 1980 (P.L.950, No.164), known as the CommonwealthAttorneys Act, the Attorney General has the authority toinvestigate and to institute criminal proceedings for aviolation of this section committed:
(i) anywhere in this Commonwealth;(ii) in different counties; or(iii) in this Commonwealth and another jurisdiction.
(2) Each district attorney has the authority toinvestigate and to institute criminal proceedings for aviolation of this section.(h) Jurisdiction.--No person charged with a violation of this
section shall have standing to challenge the authority of theAttorney General under subsection (g)(1). If a challenge is madein violation of this subsection, the challenge shall be dismissed,and no relief shall be available in the courts of thisCommonwealth to the person making the challenge.
(i) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following wordsand phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Biological agent." A natural or genetically engineeredpathogen, toxin, virus, bacteria, prion, fungus or microorganismwhich causes infections, disease or bodily harm.
"Bomb." An explosive device used for unlawful purposes."Chemical agent." Any of the following:
(1) A nerve agent, including tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman(GD), GF and VX.
(2) A choking agent, including phosgene (CG) anddiphosgene (DP).
(3) A blood agent, including hydrogen cyanide (AC),cyanogen chloride (CK) and arsine (SA).
(4) A blister agent. This paragraph includes:(i) Mustard (H).(ii) Sulfur mustard (HD).(iii) HN-1.(iv) HN-2.(v) Nitrogen mustard (HN-3).(vi) An arsenical, such as lewisite (L).(vii) An urticant, such as CX.(viii) An incapacitating agent, such as B2.
(5) Any other chemical element or compound which causesdeath or bodily harm."Nuclear agent." A radioactive material."Weapon of mass destruction." A biological agent, bomb,
chemical agent or nuclear agent.(June 28, 2002, P.L.481, No.82, eff. 60 days)
2002 Amendment. Act 82 added section 2716.Cross References. Section 2716 is referred to in sections
5708, 6105 of this title; section 9714 of Title 42 (Judiciary andJudicial Procedure).§ 2717. Terrorism.
(a) General rule.--A person is guilty of terrorism if hecommits a violent offense intending to do any of the following:
(1) Intimidate or coerce a civilian population.(2) Influence the policy of a government by intimidation
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or coercion.(3) Affect the conduct of a government.
(b) Grading and penalty.--(1) If the violent offense is a misdemeanor or a felony of
the third or second degree, an offense under this section shallbe classified one degree higher than the classification of theviolent offense specified in section 106 (relating to classesof offenses).
(2) If the violent offense is a felony of the firstdegree, a person convicted of an offense under this sectionshall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment fixed by the courtat not more than 40 years and may be sentenced to pay a fine ofnot more than $100,000.(c) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words
and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in thissubsection:
"Dangerous to human life or property." A violent act or an actwhich is intended to or likely to cause death, serious bodilyinjury or mass destruction.
"Mass destruction." An act which is intended to or likely todestroy or cause serious damage to transportation-relatedinfrastructure or facilities, energy-related infrastructure orfacilities, public or private buildings, places of publicaccommodation or public works under circumstances evincingdepraved indifference to human life or property.
"Violent offense." An offense under this part, including anattempt, conspiracy or solicitation to commit any such offense,which is punishable by imprisonment of more than one year andinvolves an act dangerous to human life or property.(July 7, 2006, P.L.342, No.71, eff. 60 days)
2006 Amendment. Act 71 added section 2717.Cross References. Section 2717 is referred to in sections
6801.1, 9714 of Title 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure).
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