reconstruction of the railway system in kosovo author: lieutenant colonel richard h. brown tsuyoshi...
TRANSCRIPT
Reconstruction ofthe railway system
in KosovoAuthor:
Lieutenant Colonel Richard H. Brown
Tsuyoshi Takayanagi
Department of Civil Engineering
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Contents History Fragmentation (FRY) Railway Network Damage Reconstruction Civilian Railway Organization Bringing the railway back to life Conclusions
History In 1980, The death of Tito connect to
fragmentation of Yugoslavia Federation President Milosevic's rise take away Kosovo’s
autonomy and forced policy of Serb initiatives
Conflict occurred between Yugoslavia and Kosovo
NATO force bombed Yugoslavia to stop conflict in Kosovo in 1999.
Before 1991 2001
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Fragmentation (FRY)
SERBIA
Kosovo
Republic of Montenegro
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Vojvodina
Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina independent from FRY
Railway Network
Pec
Mitrovica
MACEDONIA
SERBIA
Ferizaj
Kosovo Polje
Pristina
Kosovo’s local economy was depend on its industry (zinc, silver, gold)
Rail system was essential for many people who could not afford cars
But this real system was controlled from Yugoslavia and suffer some limitations
Cut connection between the route from the south and the route to the west at Kosovo Polje by Serbia
Railway Network
Damage Damage was mainly focused on stations and the signaling
system in Albanian There was some damage to track system Heavy damage was inflicted by NATO’s bombing, such as
bridges and tunnels Train was used to transfer Kosovo refugees
Reconstruction
NATO force took a control of railway system
The Italian engineers brought rapid-repair construction train
The engineers set about repairing intermittent track damage
Commandeered the only three remaining operative locomotives.
Civilian Railway OrganizationThere are two problems in Kosovo’s rail system Kosovo’s rail system was mono-ethnic state (it became target of terror) Kosovo was to be responsible for the management
of all public enterprises, but ownership of their facilities was retained by Yugoslavia.
A present of multi-ethnic train was difficulty , but it was presented fortuitously
The U.N. mission in Kosovo set up ‘Railways of Kosovo’ as a U.N. administered enterprise
Civilian Railway Organization The UNMIK designed a new organizational structure for the railways (it
was not easy) The enforced lack of training and management experience suffered by
Albanians → unfair employment
The ethnic railway employment ratio 50% Serbs and 50% AlbaniansThe ethnic population ratio 10% Serbs and 90% Albanians
By 1999
Compromise plan to solve this problem was not agreed
Enterprises had capitulated to majority momentum and held no posts for those from minority groups.
Bringing the railway back to life The new railway organization was created with an
objective of eventually taking over full By Reestablishment of railway, Kosovo has
connection for military and industry Physical reconstruction is one thing, a workable
organizational transition plan is quite It is very important to operate railway network
effectively.
Conclusions Railways act as ‘connectors’ both physically
and emotionally, in society. Reestablishment brings hope that divided
communities may gradually heal their wounds. The civilian and the military had to work
alongside each other and fully cooperate to be effective.
Holistic strategic assessment has been important.
END