reconciling yellow rail habitat use and landscape dynamics at seney national wildlife refuge
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Reconciling Yellow Rail Habitat Use And Landscape Dynamics At Seney National Wildlife Refuge. Greg Corace Seney NWR ([email protected]). Charles Goebel Ohio State Univ. Dan Kashian Wayne State Univ. http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Seney/what_we_do/research.html. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Reconciling Yellow Rail Habitat Use And Landscape Dynamics At Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Greg CoraceSeney NWR
http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Seney/what_we_do/research.html
Charles GoebelOhio State Univ.
Dan KashianWayne State Univ.
To address impacts to biodiversity, conservation biology and restoration ecology take different approaches
(see Young 2000; Noss et al. 2006).
Conservation biology = genes, species, populations
Restoration ecology = ecological processes/patterns, communities
For managers of wild landscapes, the oversimplification of ecosystems is of special consideration [sensu “ecological forestry” (Franklin 1989) and “natural range of variation”
(Landres et al. 1999)]
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Celebrating a Century of Conservation
Refuge Land Management
Ownership Land Cover
Refuge System Policy- Refuge Legislation
Ecosystem Capabilities-Disturbance Patterns-Function
Planning&
Mgmt.
Drobyshev et al. 2008a,b CJFR and FEM
Corace et al. 2012. EnvMgmt. Corace et al. 2012. EnvMgmt.
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Alterations to Mixed-Pine Forests: Conserving and Restoring Infrequently Disturbed Ecosystems
High-grading or clear cuts followed by fire outside
“natural range of variation” (1880s-1930s). Now, natural,
late successional, mixed pine one of the more regionally
imperiled ecosystem type (Noss and Scott 1997)
Time
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Ecological Considerations for Landscape Management
Based on Soils, Disturbances, and Resulting Composition and Structure
1Burger and Kotar. 2003. Forest community and habitat types of Michigan.
Major and/or frequent ecological disturbances (e.g.,
crown fire) push stands to earlier seral stages, minor
and/or infrequent disturbances (e.g., surface fire) to later seral stages.
Pinus strobus/Vaccinium angustifolium-Epigaea repens (PVE) Habitat Type1
Seney National Wildlife RefugeDeveloping a fire history for Seney
Dendrochronologically reconstructed the fire regime for
the past 300+ yearsDrobyshev et al. 2008. CJFR 38:2497-2514.
Seney National Wildlife RefugeFire chronology
Drobyshev et al. 2008. CJFR 38:2497-2514.Drobyshev et al. 2012. Dendrochronologia 30:137-145.
Seney National Wildlife RefugeCharacteristics of the fire regime
Drobyshev et al. 2008. CJFR 38:2497-2514.
Seney National Wildlife RefugeSeasonality of fires
A CB
Early season firesLate season fires
Drobyshev et al. 2008. CJFR 38:2497-2514.
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
•Fire return interval (FRI): 24-33 year (on average) pre-European, but Great Cutover fires significantly more frequent and fires less common now;
•FRI of large (>10,000 ha) events mean 37 years, range 19 – 73 years (landscape-scale fires in 1754, 1791, 1864, 1891, 1910, 1976);
•Seasonality: fires occurred in early, mid- and late-season, but large fires were solely late season events;
•10-fold increase in fire rotation (<100 years pre-European to 1,000 years present-day) ;
•Altered hydrology likely linked to altered fire regime across the landscape.
Overview of Findings: Disturbance History
Drobyshev et al. 2008. CJFR 38:2497-2514.
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
•Numerous studies1 on the breeding ground at Seney have suggested a relationship betweenYERA and ecological processes, primarily fire;
•Recent work by Austin (2013, Waterbirds) indicated a preference for sites burned within 5 yrs.;
•However, liberal estimate of FRI in these systems si 25 yr (5x what YERA seem to prefer)....so, did we miss fires or is something at else at play?
What’s to Reconcile?
1Bookout and Stenzel (1987) Wilson Bulletin; Burkman (1993) Northern Michigan Univ. (M.S.)
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Detection probabilities for fires of different size classes within Wilderness and non-Wilderness portions of Seney National Wildlife Refuge during three time periods.
Wilderness Non-WildernessFire size class (ha) 1707–1859 1860–1935 1936–2006 1707–1859 1860–1935 1936–2006 10 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.03 0.04 0.04 100 1 1 1 0.26 0.35 0.37 200 1 1 1 0.37 0.48 0.5 300 1 1 1 0.6 0.73 0.75 400 1 1 1 0.71 0.83 0.84 500 1 1 1 0.79 0.89 0.9 600 1 1 1 0.84 0.93 0.94 700 1 1 1 0.88 0.95 0.96 800 1 1 1 0.91 0.97 0.97 900 1 1 1 0.94 0.98 0.98 1000 1 1 1 0.95 0.99 0.99 1100 1 1 1 0.97 0.99 0.99 1200 1 1 1 0.98 0.99 1
Note: Fires >1200 ha in size had detection probability of 1 in both areas and for all time periods. Fire size column refers to the upper limit of the respective size class; the center of each class was used for calculation of the detection probability (e.g., 250 ha for 200–300 ha size class).
Drobyshev et al. 2008. CJFR 38:2497-2514.
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Celebrating a Century of ConservationCelebrating a Century of ConservationCelebrating a Century of Conservation
Thinking Landscapes
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
TimeThen Now Future
Deg
ree
of
chan
ge
fro
m
his
tori
cal
syst
em
High
Low
Level o
f interven
tion
req
uired
1
2
3
C
B
A
Jackson and Hobbs. 2009. Science. 325:567-569.Numbers=trajectories, unmanaged Letters = trajectories, managed
Prohibitive
Modest
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Bork et al. 2013. Am. Mid. Nat. 169:286-302.
Walsh Ditch (~27 km) Ditch Plugs
Veg./Hydro.Transects
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Future Work?•Quantify wetland composition and structure across a chronosequence of Rx and wildfire (Rx fire mapped since 1935);
•Quantify secretive marshbird occupancy (abundance?) across restoration gradient: benchmark (control)-altered-restored;
•Improve spatial and temporal planning of Rx fire treatments across landscape.
Seney National Wildlife Refuge
Post-Doc: Igor Drobyshev (OSU)
Grad. Student: Steven Rist (OSU)
Assistants: Too many to mention, but thanks to all!
Funding: Joint Fire Science Program, Seney NWR, The Ohio State University, Wayne State University, Seney Natural History Association
http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Seney/what_we_do/research.html
Reconciling Yellow Rail Habitat Use And Landscape Dynamics At Seney National Wildlife Refuge