International Hydrogen Energy Development Forum 2013

Recent Achievements in Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Korea

Jong Won Kim,gHydrogen Energy R&D CenterKorea Institute of Energy Research E il j ki @ki kE-mail: jwkim@kier.re.kr

Contents

1 O i f H &FC P i K1. Overview of H2 &FC Program in Korea

2. FC RD&D Program

• Transportation

• Building/House

• OutcomeOutcome

3. HERC Program

4. Summary

2

I. Overview of H2 &FC Program in KoreaBudgetBudget

1988-2011: 721.7 billion KRW (Gov. 398.4, 55.2%)Since 2009, support to solar and wind as short term business has been strengthen, and pp gfuel cell budget was reduced (MKE).(2011: Budget for R&D-32 billion KRW, Budget for Dissemination-11.5 billion KRW)

Million KRW

Year

3

I. Overview of H2 &FC Program in Korea

Current Hydrogen & Fuel Cell R&D program in KoreaProgram Sponsor Period

Hydrogen Energy R&D Center MEST 2003.9-2013.3(www.h2.re.kr)

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Program (www ketep re kr) MKE 2004

MEST 2004-2026

2006 2016

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Program (www.ketep.re.kr) MKE 2004-

Nuclear Hydrogen Development and Demonstration Project (NHDD) (www.hydrogen.re.kr)

(MKE : Ministry of Knowledge Economy MEST: Ministry of Education Science and Technology)

Korea IGCC RDD&D Organization (www.igcc.or.kr) MKE 2006-2016

(MKE : Ministry of Knowledge Economy, MEST: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology)

Program 2008 2009 2010

Unit: 1billion KRWR&D investment in 2008-2010

Program 2008 2009 2010HERC*1 9.6 9.5 9.3KETEP*2 73.2 56.6 53.1NHDD*3 11.0 13.9 13.7Total 93.8 80.0 76.1

4

Fleet Program II. FC RD&D Program

• Phase I ( 2006. 8 ~ 2010. 7) (4 years)- Vehicles : 30 Passenger cars, 4 Buses

Budget : $ 46 6 million (Government 50%)- Budget : $ 46.6 million (Government 50%)- Hydrogen Station: 11 sites- Outcome

- Total: 1,297,799km (806,587miles)

• Phase II ( 2010. 12 ~ 2013. 12) (3 years)- Vehicles : 100, Public, Seoul/Ulsan

Hydrogen station: 13 sites (2012 2)- Hydrogen station: 13 sites (2012. 2)- Outcome

- Total: 1,202,083 km (746,940 miles) (Jan.,2012)

Support disabled

Service area-Seoul/Ulsan

person

Hydrogen Station5

Hydrogen Station in KoreaII. FC RD&D Program

13 stations in operation (Jan.,2012)No City Installer Year Type Pressure

(bar) Project

1 Yongin HMC 2005 Truck-in 350/700 -

2 Seoul GS-Caltex 2006 Naphtha reforming 350 H2 station

Development

3 Incheon KOGAS 2007 NG f i 350 ↑3 c eo OG S 007 reforming 350 ↑

4 Daejeon SK Energy 2007 LPG reforming 350 H2 station

Development

5 Seoul KIST 2008 Mobile 350 FCEV Fleet

6 Hwaseong HMC 2008 Truck-in 350/700 -

7 Ulsan DongdeokGas 2009 Truck-in 350 FCEV Fleet

8 Yeosu SPG Ch i l 2009 Truck-in 350 FCEV Fleet8 Yeosu Chemical 2009 Truck in 350 FCEV Fleet

9 Seoul HMC 2009 Mobile 350 2nd FCEV Fleet

10 Seoul HMC 2010 Truck-in 350 FCEV Fleet

11 S S i 2011 LFG 3 011 Seoul Seoul city 2011 LFG reforming 350 -

12 Jeju HMC 2011 Electrolysis 350 FCEV Fleet

13 Ulsan DongdeokGas 2011 Truck-in 700 FCEV Fleet

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Hydrogen Station Roadmap in Korea II. FC RD&D Program

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II. FC RD&D Program

8 Source: Hyundai Motors

Dissemination of Home FC systemDissemination of Home FC systemII. FC RD&D Program

Cumulative quantity : 995 units (2012)

Syystem pric

Cum

ulati ce(10 thou

ive quanti usands KR

ity (unit)

Remarks 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

RW)

Remarks 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Remarks 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Annual supply quantity 40 70 110 179 266 330

Cumulative (unit) 40 110 220 399 665 995

Unit Price (mil KRW) 130 100 80 60 52 47

Remarks 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Annual supply quantity 40 70 110 179 266 330

Cumulative (unit) 40 110 220 399 665 995

Unit Price (mil. KRW) 130 100 80 60 52 47Unit Price (mil. KRW) 130 100 80 60 52 47

Subsidy (mil. KRW) 48 42 37

U t ce ( . W)

Subsidy (mil. KRW) 48 42 37

9

1 Million Green Home Program1 Million Green Home Program II. FC RD&D Program

Year installerManufacturer

UnitGS fuel cell FCPower

2010

Samchully 47

Plan 200

Installed 179

FCPower 103

Hae Yang City Gas 29 Installed 179 g y

Sub- total 76 103

GS Fuel Cell 89

FCPower 40

2011Plan 300

FCPower 40

Hae Yang City Gas 21

Yesco 5

Installed 266 Daesung Energy 2

Daehan City Gas 54

Samchully 55

Sub-total 170 96

Total 246 199

※ source: www.ekn.kr

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Ulsan Hydrogen TownUlsan Hydrogen Town II. FC RD&D Program

1) Objective

: Build Green City using byproduct hydrogen/ New Growth Industry(FC)

bli h d f i h i i bl i ( )Establish Hydrogen Infrastructure with economic attainable price system (H2)

Promote Public Relations and Understanding through Hydrogen Town Project

2) Business Contents: Site; Onsan-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan

140 houses ( 1kW install: FCP (95), Hysco (40), Hyosung (5)

10 Public and Commercial building: GS FuelCell (5kW, 9 unit), FCP (10kW, 1 unit)

3) Budget3) Budget

Item Budget Remarks

Total Budget 8,718 mil KRW -

Gov. 5,391 mil KRWGreen Home program, General dissemination

program, local government dissemination program

4) Consortium

Private 3,327 mil KRW Ulsan city, LS-Nikko(Buyer), system manufacturer

▶ Ulsan Metropolitan city, Hysco,FCPower, GS Caltex, Ulsan TechnoPark, Samsung BP, SPG

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II. FC RD&D ProgramOutcome

R&D Progress

PEMFC for residential: 5kW stack, fuel processor, system design 5kW Fuel Processor Prototype: system,

pump, inverter

SOFC for distributed power generation

- Tubular SOFCk k ( k d l )

Unit Cell 50W

- 25 kW stack (6kW module x 4)

Module 1,5kW Stack module 6kW

25kW (6 kW module X 4)6kW (6 kW module X 4)

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II. FC RD&D ProgramOutcomeMCFC for distributed power generation:

MW class system

PEMFC for transportation- Design and Fabrication of power generator (FCEV)

DMFC hybrid power

Stack(w/MEA) 12.98kg, 1100w@0.9M

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HERC (Hydrogen Energy R&D Center) III. HERC Program

Role- develop the basic and applied research on

hydrogen production and storage * 21st Century Frontier Program

R&D PeriodOct. 2003 ~ March 2013 (9.5 years for 3 phases)

3rd phase: May 2009~March 2013R&D Fund

Total 100 billion KRWTotal 100 billion KRW (Government : 87.1 billion KRW, Industry : 12.9 billion KRW)

Supported by MEST (Ministry of Education, Science & Technology of Korea)gy )

meeting for review of research work in attendance of evaluation committee.

special issues on hydrogen energy has been dealt at the annual meeting of related academic societies such as the Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society or chemical or physical society in Korea.

www.h2.re.kr14

R&D Activities in the Phase III (HERC)(2009R&D Activities in the Phase III (HERC)(2009--2013)2013)III. HERC Program

Hydrogen Production Action typeHydrogen Production Action typeBiological hydrogen production (BR/AR/DE)Photocatalytic / photoelectrochemical hydrogen production (BR/AR/DE)Water electrolysis ( PEM type) (BR/AR/DE)High temperature electrolysis (HTE) (BR/AR/DE)

focusing on the non conventionalHydrogen Storage (BR/AR/DE)Hydrogen storage using metal hydrides)Hydrogen storage using nano-structured materialsHydrogen storage using chemical hydrides

H d Utili ti

focusing on the non-conventional hydrogen storage which has potential to store hydrogen at moderate temperature and pressure (condition)Hydrogen Utilization

Linear power/generation system of hydrogen combustion (AR/DE)

Supporting ProjectPolicy and technology assessment

(condition).

The priority of R&D was set up for achieving sustainable growth of economy in 2003!

BR: basic research, AR: applied research, DE: demonstration

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1 Biological Hydrogen ProductionIII. HERC Program

Reduction of pollution and production of EnergyDark fermentation(2 mol H2/mol glucoseOR 1.6 mol HLa/mol glucose)id

H2acids

Rhodobacter sphaeroides KD131

• 7 mol H2/mol Glucose

H i >CH4

glucose)residue s

sugar rich• H2 conversion > 60%

Ph

CH4

fermentationOrganic wastes

protein rich

Photo-fermentation(2 mol H2/mol HAc, 3 mol H2/mol HLa)

Steam reformingresidue CH4

H2 H2 CO2 CO2

100 L-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) system and operation 16

2 Photoelectrochemical Water SplittingIII. HERC Program

▶ Oxide and composite photocatalysts for PEC cell

one of the ultimate means to produce hydrogen!

with high efficiency▶ Computational design & synthesis methods forhighly efficient H2 production photoelectrodematerials▶ Large-scale photoelectrode, bias-power, watersplitting system, using solar light▶ System configuration and element PEC system

O○ Outcomes

◦ Photoelectrode with high photo activity [Fe2O3(2.5%STH), WO3(2.7%STH)][Fe2O3(2.5%STH), WO3(2.7%STH)] ◦ Fabrication of PEC electrode using nanoparticle synthesis

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3 PEM type electrolyzerIII. HERC Program

Water electrolysis can be used to produce hydrogen using electricity from a wide range of primary energy source!.

Final Target

Item Present Future (Target)

H2 Delivery Pressure 100 bar 350 bar

System Cost 10 million KRW/NM3/hr 5million KRW/NM3/hr

Stack Efficiency 84% @1A/cm2 90% @3A/cm2

Durability 40,000 hr @1A/cm2 40,000 hr @ 3A/cm2 (PEM type)

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High Temperature Steam ElectrolysisHigh Temperature Steam Electrolysis4III. HERC Program

• High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) is the most clean and efficient method for hydrogen mass y gproduction.

• Key technologies for tubular SOEC (extrusion,

20 cell stack module

10 cm(20 cells)

coating, sintering, sealing, stacking, etc.) were developed.

4 2 lit /h f h d d ti t b20-cell stack module • 4.2 liter/h of hydrogen production rate can be achieved using 3-cell short stack and total 181 liters of hydrogen was produced for 40h. Scale-up is under progress.p g

• Future works are focused on the development of highly durable advanced materials and high reliable pressurized system for long life and mass production of HTE system.

SOEC Test System

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Hydrogen Storage Group in HERCHydrogen Storage Group in HERC III. HERC Program

S t ti hSystematic approachTheory and experimentIndependent analysisPartnership between

VIM Furnace PCT apparatus Volumetric (left)/Gravimetric (right) Measurement Equipments Partnership between

Universities, companies and Gov-led research institute for close

di i i h b i

Metal hydride

Chemical hydrogen storage

Nanostructured material

l i f

coordination with basic science

Coordination with other agencies and International Search new

y

Evaluation of materials

gOrganization-IEA-HIA Annex 22 hydrogen storageC ll b ti ith

Search new material

-Collaboration with Univ.of Birmingham and Caltech

Thermal analyzers and XRD and in-situ SRXRD facilities

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MH and H2 Storage system III. HERC Program

Metal Hydride: TiCrV alloy (BCC), 10kgReversible hydrogen storage: 1.98wt%(material base), 0.88 Wt% (system base)y g g ( ), ( y )

25.89g/liter

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Nano materials/ Metal borohydride Nano materials/ Metal borohydride III. HERC Program

Reactive capacities and enthalpy of reaction p pyfor different storage materials (Reactive hydride composite)

MOF-177

(SA:6500m2/g)MOF-200

(SA:8000m2/g)MOF-5

(SA:3000m2/g)12

Hydrog MgH2+Ca(BH4)2

LiBH4

MgH2+LiBH4

10

8

wt.%

)

8

gen Content [

NaBH4Ca(BH4)2

MgH2+2NaBH4 MgH2NaAlHLiNH2+MgH2

6

4

2

H2

upta

ke (w

0

4

[wt%

]

NaAlH42 g 2

2 -20 -40 -60 -80Enthalpy [kJ/mol H2]

Based on Dornheim et al.,GKSS Research ,Center/S.Barisson et al.,JALCOM,2008

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III. HERC ProgramChemical Hydrogen Storage

- To penetrate niche market, we are interestingp , gcompact hydrogen storage system using sodiumborohydride (SBH, NaBH4) and ammonia borane(AB, NH3BH3).(AB, NH3BH3).

- Demonstration of hydrogen storage systemcombined with small fuel cell for unmanned aerialvehicle (UAV) powered by fuel cell system will becarried out.

- Target- hydrogen storage capacity more than 4.5t% t b iwt% as system basis.

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SummarySummary III. Summary

Fuel cellsDissemination: FCEV, FC for residential, commercial and distributed powerImprove performance of fuel cells (cost, durability, compactness, weight reduction)

Hydrogen station SMR and Electrolyzer using electricity from renewablesSMR and Electrolyzer using electricity from renewables

• Integration with renewable energy (Wind/Solar) for energy storage and FCEVSurplus Hydrogen gas from industry

Hydrogen storageHigh pressure gas cylinder (700bar) for onboard hydrogen storage

• Manufacturing process carbon fiber → cost reductionManufacturing process, carbon fiber → cost reduction

Chemical hydrogen storage for special application such as UAVImprove Performance of hydrogen storage and systems- “Back to the basic research” on storage material and systemg y

Hydrogen distributionPipeline, Tube trailer

Local communityLocal communityBiogas + fuel cell

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ありがとうございます

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