realsens pipetech workshop
DESCRIPTION
RealSens PipeTRANSCRIPT
Hazardous Liquid Pipelines
Leak Detection Methodologies
Pipe Tech Americas Summit 2013
US Pipeline Infrastructure
Pipeline Integrity Management Components
PIMProgram
In-line Inspection (pigging)
• $1,000-5,000/km
• Once every 5-7 years
• Not well suited for gas lines
• 30% of liquid pipelines un-
piggable
Direct Assessment (digging)
• >$50,000/location
• Method of last resort
• Applied to un-piggable
pipelines
Hydrostatic Testing
• >$10,000’s/km
• Pipeline is out of service
• Water disposal issues
Leak Detection (ground)
• >$100/km
• Once every 1-2 years
• Private land access issues,
low quality control
Leak Detection (aerial)
• $50 – 70/km for once a year
• <$15/km if done with monthly
visual flights
• Guaranteed pipeline coverage
Aerial Patrolling
• $10-30/km
• Usually performed monthly
• Visual/photographic assessment
of pipeline ROW condition
Note: Not a complete list
Leak Detection (continuous)
• Uses SCADA and CPM
systems
• Typically leak >1% of flow
• False-alarms problematic
Hazardous Liquid Leak Detection Systems
• “Internal” continuous:• Leveraging sensors used for pipeline operation
(SCADA)
• Computer models sometimes used to interpret
measurements (CPM)
• Mass balance, pressure, flow
• External continuous or periodic:• Requires installation of new sensors
• Most technologies infer a leak from a secondary
physical effect
• Acoustic
• HC sensing using fiber optic
• Temperature sensing using fiber optic
• Liquid sensing cables
• Vapour sensing tubes, sensors
• Optical cameras
HL Leak Detection: Continuous SCADA/CPM
• SCADA systems are widely deployed and the first
line of defense at detecting large leaks and
ruptures
• Contrary to expectations, <50% effective at
detecting leaks (2012 PHMSA Leak Detection Study
– DTPH56-11-D)
SCADA/CPM: HL Transmission Pipelines
• Average release: 29,000 gallons
• Largest release: 843,000 gallons
• SCADA system in place: 77% (6% not installed)
• CPM system in place: 44% (39% non installed)
SCADA/CPM: HL Transmission Pipelines
Initial Identifier, All Releases
SCADA/CPM: HL Transmission Pipelines
Initial Identifier, Above Average Releases
SCADA/CPM: HL Gathering Pipelines
• Largest release: 8,400 gallons
• SCADA system in place: 23% (41% not installed)
• CPM system in place: 5% (59% not installed)
SCADA/CPM: HL Gathering Pipelines
Initial Identifier, Above Average Releases
SCADA/CPM: NG Trans/Gathering Pipelines
• Largest release: 615,000 MSCF
• Average release (from pipe body): 30,000 MSCF
• SCADA system in place: 89% (10% not installed)
• CPM not typically deployed
Initial Identifier, All Releases
SCADA/CPM: NG Trans/Gathering Pipelines
Initial Identifier, Above Average Releases
SCADA/CPM Summary
SCADA
CPM
All, Detected
Above Average, Detected
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
HL Transmission
HL Gathering
NG Trans/Gathering
HL Leak Detection: Acoustic
• Array of sensors (microphones)
installed onto or close to the
pipeline
• Used within smart pigs or balls• Can accurately pinpoint a leak location
• Relatively limited coverage area (few miles)
HL Leak Detection: Fiber Optic Hydrocarbon Sensing
• Detecting change in refractive
index of fiber mounted near
pipeline
• Used as handheld probes or
continuous installation• Can accurately pinpoint a leak location
• Relatively limited coverage area (few miles)
• Expensive to retrofit legacy systems
HL Leak Detection: Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing
• Detecting change in refractive
index of fiber due to temperature
changes• Can accurately pinpoint a leak location
• Relatively limited coverage area (few miles)
• Expensive to retrofit legacy systems
HL Leak Detection: Liquid Sensing Cables
• Electrical cables buried
underneath pipeline
• Liquid leak will change impedance
between two wires• Cheaper than fiber optic cables
• Deployed over shorter distances and less
accurate than fiber optic
• Impacted by other liquids (water)
• Limited coverage area (few miles)
• Expensive to retrofit legacy systems
HL Leak Detection: Vapour Sensing Tubes
• Small diameter perforated tube
buried underneath pipeline
• Air gas samples are drawn from
the tube and analyzed for
hydrocarbons• Deployed over very short distances
• No pinpointing ability
• Expensive to retrofit legacy systems
HL Leak Detection: Optical Sensing
• Remote Sensing • Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR)
• Hyperspectral
• Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL)
• Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer (GFCR)
Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbons
• Remote Sensing: Measuring properties of an object from
a distance, without physically sampling the object, by
detection of the interaction(s) of the object with an
electromagnetic (EM) field• Do not have to be in the plume of the leaked gas
• Can detect in inaccessible areas (“over-the-fence”)
Remote Sensing: Hydrocarbon Absorption
Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR)
Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR)
Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL)
Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL)
Gas Filter Correlation Radiometry (GFCR)
May – Aug 2000 CO distribution Real-time ammonia plume
Gas Filter Correlation Radiometry (GFCR)
33
realSensTM Technology - Platform Instrument
• Canadian Space Program derived technology
• $53 million in research and development
(Synodon $15 M to date, $1.5 M annually)
• remote hydrocarbon detection from 300
meters altitude
Leak point
30 mi/hr wind
Gas Leak Image – Controlled Leak
Gas Leak Image – Facility Leak
Liquid Leak C5+
Liquid Leak C5+
Remote Sensing: Hydrocarbon Interference
Controlled Flight Tests
• Field Testing Results • Pentane: < 0.04 lpm
• Gasoline: < 0.2 lpm
• Condensate: < 0.15 lpm
Condensate Evaporation Rate
Figure 4-1: Volume of a 4’×8’×3” pool of condensate (226.5 L) over a 200 minute period. Ten chemical
components were modelled to be evaporating, comprising 66.5% (by volume) of condensate.
Gasoline Evaporation Rate
Figure 3-1: Volume of a 4’×8’×3” pool of gasoline (226.5 L) over a 200 minute period. Fourteen chemical
components were modelled to be evaporating, comprising 62.9% (by volume) of gasoline.
Gasoline Evaporation Rate
Figure 3-2: Volume of 14 chemical components of gasoline (plus ethanol) over a 200
minute period.
realSensTM HL Leak Detection
• realSensTM could detect leaks that are < 1 lpm of
hydrocarbons with 5% light ends
• For a 100,000 bpd line, this would correspond to 0.01% of
the flow or 10 bpd
• A typical SCADA/CPM system would detect a 1% leak
roughly 50% of the time
HL Leak Detection: Conclusions
• SCADA/CPM are line of first defense but not 100%
reliable
• Best Leak Detection Solution: continual
SCADA/CPM monitoring with periodic over-line
surveys and external sensors in critical HCA
Contact
Synodon Inc.6916 Roper Road
Edmonton, AB, T6B 3H9
Tel: 780.468.9568
www.synodon.com
Adrian [email protected]
Tel: 780.468.9568