real world objects and relationships database schema (object state) physical model modeling process...

Real World Objects and relationships

DatabaseSchema

(Object state)

Physical Model

Modeling ProcessConceptual Model

Lists, flow diagrams, etc

Logical ModelDiagram in CASE

Tool

Graphic courtesy of ESRI

Data Model Levels

IncreasingAbstraction

RealityReality

Conceptual ModelConceptual Model

Logical ModelLogical Model

Physical ModelPhysical Model

Human-oriented

Computer-oriented

Steps in Data Modeling(1) Conceptualize the user's view of data

– what are the basic features needed to solve the problem?

(2) Select the geographic representation – points, lines, areas, rasters, TINs

(3) Define objects and relationships – draw a UML diagram, specify relationships,

“behaviors”

(4) Match to geodatabase elements– Refine relationships, “behaviors”

(5) Organize geodatabase structure, add data

UML ( cont. )

• Diagrammatic notation = “visual language”...

• For constructing a data model• Drawings, relationships constructed in

Visio• Tools to input a drawing to ArcGIS

– input data to the data model

UML NotationZeiler pp. 97-99

• a class is shown as a box

• top part: name of class

• lower part: attributes

• methods associated with the class

• lines connect boxes, indicate relationships

Graphic courtesy of Maidment et al., ArcHydro team

UML Notation ( cont. )

• Abstract class – specify subclasses

underneath– no new instances

• Feature Class– Specify subtypes

underneath

Food

VeggiesMeats

Relationships

• Links between classes, shown as lines

• One to one

• One to many

• Many to many

Relationships (cont.)

• 1:1 - solid line– one record in Class A linked to one record in

Class B• “is married to”• the class of state capitals linked to the class of

states

• 1:n - solid line with * at one end– one record in Class A linked to any number of

records in Class B• "owns" • the class of states linked to the class of area codes

Relationships (Arc Marine example)

Relationships (cont.)

• m:n - solid line with * at both ends– any number of records in Class A linked to any

number of records in Class B• "has visited”• "was never married to" • the class of mountain lions linked to the class of

wilderness areas

Image courtesy of Dan Fornari, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Study AreaStudy Area

Type Inheritance

• White triangle– Class B inherits the

properties (attributes, methods) of Class A

– the class street inherits from the class transportation network

• Solid diamond

– the parts and the whole depend on each other

lecture lab

Real World Objects and relationships

DatabaseSchema

(Object state)

Physical Model

Modeling ProcessConceptual Model

Lists, flow diagrams, etc

Logical ModelDiagram in CASE

Tool

Graphic courtesy of ESRI





“behaviors”


(5) Organize geodatabase structure, add data

or XMI file

Using a Design TemplateSchema Wizard reads repository or XMI

to create a geodatabase

or XMI file





“behaviors”


(5) Organize geodatabase structure, add data– e.g., Marine Data Model tutorial

Arc Marine Data Model Exercise

• Exercise and data at dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/ArcMarine_Tutorial/

• What to turn in:– Screen snapshot of what your ArcMap session looks like

at the end of Section 4 (including dynseg referencing)

– Answers to 2 simple questions at end of Section 4 (which cruise? which vehicle?)

– Can put all of the above in a single MS-Word document, labeled with your NAME please!

• Due in Dropbox, Apr. 29, 6:00 p.m.

Geoprocessing Models Model Builder diagrams for workflow

Raster in

WGS84

extract_west Shifted_west

Output

grid name

Extract_east

Raster in

WGS84

Extract by

Rectangle (2)Output

Extent

Output

Extent

Output

Extent

Shift

Extract by

Rectangle (3)

Extract by

Rectangle

Mosaic

Output

Extent

Resulting Analysis - ArcHydro

From Arctur and Zeiler, Geodatabase Design, ESRI Press.

Gateway to the Literature• Arctur, D. and Zeiler, M., 2004, Designing

Geodatabases, ESRI Press• Lowe, J.W., 2003. Flexible data models strut the runway.

Geospatial Solutions, 13(2): 44-47.• Maidment, D.R., 2002. Arc Hydro: GIS for Water

Resources, ESRI Press, 203 pp. w/CD.• Li, X. and M.E. Hodgson, 2004. Vector-field data model

and operations. GISci. Rem. Sens., 41(1): 1-24.

• Wright, D., Blongewicz, M., Halpin, P., and Breman, J., Arc Marine: GIS for a Blue Planet, Redlands: ESRI Press, 2007. – In the classroom or

dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/book.html

MDeviceIDEastNorthSpeedDirection112.110.88.6121111.312.57.922019.3-3.57.5130114.015.13.923417.312.09.1115

MeasuredData

InstantaneousPoint (ex: CTD)InstantaneousPoint (ex: CTD)

Measurement

XX

YY

TimeStampTimeStamp

MeasuringDevice

MDeviceIDNameTypeMeasurementID1Bob12Poncho13Juanita14Mia25Anita2

MeasuringDevice

MTypeIDVarNameVarDesc VarUnitsMDeviceID1Oranges12Bananas13Cubic cm24Rocks25Limes3MeasuredType

ZZ

MarineIDMarineCodeSeriesIDIPointTypeRecordedTime1AAA1105/04/58 12:00 002BBB1105/04/58 12:30 003CCC1105/04/58 13:00 00

InstantaneousPoints

MeasurementMeasureIDMarineIDZLocXlocYlocServiceTripSeviceDesc11-0.821-1.531-3.542-0.852-1.5

Michael Blongewicz

Objects and Features

• Object (real world)– in ArcGIS an object is non-spatial

– it is NOT a point, line, or area

– it has no geographic location

– it has no shape attribute in its table

– Drainage network, ship, vehicle, … customer, lake, house, etc.

• Feature (spatial context)– an object that has geographic location

– a point, line, area, TIN, raster

real world objects and relationships database schema (object state) physical model modeling process...

Documents

data slide

data model slide

class lines

methods of class

class of states

lecturelab slide

abstract class

class street