Real-time Video Conferencing to

Implement a Distance Lecture on Occupational

Health, the Japanese Experience

Ken Takahashi1 Tetsuro Hada2 Masaya Yahata2 Toshiaki Higashi1

1University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH)

2Human Media Creation Center, Kyushu

BackgroundOnce every year since 2002, Distance Lecture (DL)

conducted within framework of International Group Training Course held at UOEH, Japan

In 2002-2003, under collaboration among UOEH, JICA and Human Media Creation Center, bilateral connection succeeded between UOEH (Japan) and NIOSH (Malaysia)

In 2004, under same collaboration, the connection was to be extended to 3 countries, using JICA-Net

Objective

To provide training opportunities and promote communication among OH trainees/staffs in 3 countries

To develop management skills in implementation of international real-time video-conference

To assess utility/efficacy of WebCT as training tool in combination with video-conference

MethodsOne full day (7 hr; 2004.09.27) for video con

ference within curriculum of JICA Group Training in Occupational Health

Connect 3 countries via JICA-Net and ISDNTotal 37 participants (professsion HCW)

Venue Job Prior Experience

JICA Tokyo Intl Center (TIC)

MCU

ISDN 384KBPS

IPconnection

Malaysia INTAN

Philippines JICA Office

Kitakyushu Science- Research Park

ISDN

128 KBPS

JICA-NetJICA-Net

Time(min) Key Contents

10:10(20) J PN Introduction of activities, UOEH 10:30(20) PHN Do for OSHC, Philippines 10:50(20) MAL Do for NIOSH, Malaysia 11:10(50) J PN Questions and Answers 12:00(60) PHN OHealth activities at WHO-WPRO 14:10(50) J PN OH Risk for HCWs 15:00(60) PHN Response to SARS in PHN 16:00(40) PHN Response to SARS in J PN 16:40(30) MAL Overall Discussion

Program

Uploaded Material

Pre-lecture Exam（ Administered only to participants in Japan）

Time-course of participant’s access to particular contents

0

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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

slide0001.htm slide0004.htm slide0005.htm

slide0006.htm slide0007.htm slide0008.htm

slide0009.htm slide0010.htm slide0011.htm

slide0012.htm slide0013.htm slide0014.htm

slide0015.htm slide0016.htm slide0017.htm

slide0018.htm slide0019.htm slide0021.htm

slide0022.htm slide0023.htm slide0025.htm

slide0028.htm slide0029.htm slide0031.htm

slide0033.htm slide0034.htm slide0035.htm

slide0037.htm slide0038.htm slide0039.htm

slide0040.htm slide0041.htm slide0042.htm

slide0043.htm slide0044.htm slide0045.htm

slide0046.htm HCW040910.htm

※summed from log of access

Acess to WebCT

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1789

1034

464

967

84

1105

784

377

985

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1,000

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Japan Standard Time

N o

f Ace

ss (p

ages

)

Time(min) Key Contents

10:10(20) J PN Introduction to UOEH, J apan 10:30(20) PHN OH Activities at OSHC, Philippines 10:50(20) MAL OH Activities at NIOSH, Malaysia 11:10(50) J PN Q&A / Discussion 12:00(60) PHN OH Activities at WHO-WPRO 13:00(70) Lunch 14:10(50) J PN OH Risk of HCWs 15:00(60) PHN Response to SARS, Philippines 16:00(40) PHN Response to SARS, J apan 16:40(30) MAL Overall Discussion

※Access count of individual HTML files※Summed from access log

Time Course of Program and

Access to Contents (1)

Active Discussion?

No. Question Num M SD

2-1 How would you evaluate this lecture? 37 8.83 1.4

2-2 How would you rate the lecture in comparison with a live lecture? 37 7.94 1.4

2-3 Did you feel any difference between the styles of the distance lecture compared to attending a lecture in the same classroom with the instructor?

37 6.07 2.1

2-4 Did you have sufficient opportunity to speak? 37 5.23 1.9

2-5 Are you presently in favor of distance learning or opposed? 37 8.09 1.5

2-6 If a similar distance learning is offered in the future, would you want to participate?

37 9.04 1.6

3-1 Was the picture quality during the lecture clear? 37 6.18 1.4

3-2 Did the picture run smoothly without any freezing or delays? 37 4.93 1.9

3-3 Was the Power Point image quality good? 37 5.81 1.7

3-4 Was it easy to see the pointer indicating specific points? 37 6.82 1.3

4-1 Was the voice quality clearly audible? 37 6.85 1.7 4-2 Was the sound during the lecture smooth without any delays or interference? 37 6.92 1.4 4-3 Was it easy to hear the exchange during the question and answer period? 37 7.07 1.3 5-1 Did you access web materials during the lecture? 27 3.94 3.3

5-2 Was it easy to operate this tool? 27 7.93 1.5

5-3 The results of the questionnaire are totaled on the spot. How is this compared with a paper questionnaire?

27 8.55 1.4

5-4 What do you think about using email during the question period? 27 7.91 2.0

5-5 Was this tool useful to you during the lecture? 27 8.05 1.6

Mean 7.01

Perception/impression by participants

Perceived Satisfaction

２ Satisfaction by Country（Excluding Q3-2, Q5-1）

Tot Score Num Mean Mean % SD

PHL 870.0 10.0 87.0 72.5% 8.6

MAL 1820.0 16.0 113.8 71.1% 14.9

JPN 1367.5 11.0 124.3 77.7% 10.9

１ Satisfaction by Country

Tot Score Num Mean Mean % SD

PHL 925.0 10.0 92.5 71.2% 9.4

MAL 1920.0 16.0 120.0 66.7% 19.1

JPN 1517.5 11.0 138.0 76.6% 13.4

※ 　 Q3-2 ： Did Video-conference system freeze during the program?　　 Q5-1 ： Did you access material on WebCT during the program?

Definition ： Total score of all items※10 points ： Max←→ 0 points ： Min; increment 2.5 points※180 points FULL SCORE （ 100 points for PHL because WebCT could not be used ）

Perceived Satisfaction (2)

3 Satisfaction by Job (Excluding Q5-1 to -5 on WebCT)

T Score Num

M Score M %

SD

Doctor 1965.0 22 89.3 68.7% 14.5 Nurse 407.5 4 101.9 78.4% 10.9 Researcher 167.5 2 83.8 64.4% 8.8 Other 745.0 8 93.1 71.6% 11.7

4 Satisfaction by Prior Experience (Excluding Q5-1 to -5 on WebCT)

T Score Num M score M % SD

Once 2655.0 29 91.6 70.4% 14.1 Twice 252.5 3 84.2 64.7% 15.3 3 times 200.0 2 100.0 76.9% 0.0 More than 262.5 3 87.5 67.3% 9.0

※Because PHL did not use WebCT, Q5-1 to -5 was excluded from analyses

Questionnaire (2)

Evaluate this lecture Compare with live lecture Speaking opportunity

Access web materials? Easy to operate? Useful during lecture?

Abo

ut W

ebC

TA

bout

Web

CT

Ove

rall

Ove

rall

2-Year Comparison of participants in Japan

(2003 vs. 2004)Quest i on 2003 2004

2- 2 How woul d you eval uate thi s l ecture? 8. 8 9. 82- 3 How woul d you rate the l ecture i n compari son wi th a l i ve l ecture? 6. 9 8. 92- 4 Di d you f eel any di ff erence between the styl e of the di stancel ecture compared to at tendi ng a l ecture i n the same cl assroom wi th thei nst ructor?

6. 0 6. 8

2- 5 Di d you have suffi ci ent opportuni ty to speak ? 5. 0 5. 92- 6 Are you present l y i n f avor of di stance l earni ng or opposed ? 7. 5 8. 62- 7 I f a si mi l ar di stance l earni ng i s off ered i n the f uture, woul d youwant to parti ci pate ?

9. 4 9. 5

3- 1 Was the pi cture qual i ty dur i ng the l ecture cl ear ? 7. 9 6. 63- 2 Di d the pi cture run smoothl y wi thout any f reezi ng or del ays ? 7. 3 6. 63- 3 Was the Power Poi nt i mage qual i ty good ? 8. 5 5. 93- 5 Was i t easy to see the poi nter i ndi cat i ng speci fi c poi nts ? 7. 7 7. 04- 1 Was the voi ce qual i ty cl ear l y audi bl e ? 7. 3 8. 44- 2 Was the sound dur i ng the l ecture smooth wi thout any del ays ori nterf erence?

8. 1 7. 5

4- 3 Was i t easy to hear the exchange dur i ng the quest i on and answerper i od?

8. 1 8. 2

5- 1 Di d you access web materi al s dur i ng the l ecture? 8. 8 7. 05- 2 Was i t easy to operate thi s tool ? 9. 0 8. 95- 3 How i s thi s compared wi th a paper quest i onnai re? 5. 2 8. 95- 4 What do you thi nk about usi ng emai l dur i ng the quest i on per i od? 6. 0 6. 45- 5 Was thi s tool useful to you dur i ng the l ecture? 8. 5 7. 8

Fruits and ChallengesOH trainees in 3 countries successfully connected real-ti

me.Satisfaction graded as 7.0/10.Visual quality better in prior attempt, but overall evaluat

ion higher in this attempt. Satisfaction of participants may have been effected by overall balance (> visual and audio quality)

Participants in Japan had opportunity to study beforehand using WebCT.

Opportunity to speak graded as “unsatisfactory.” WebCT could be utilized more during lecture to encourage active participation.

Mission Accomplished!

Questionnaire Responses (1)

時刻(分) 発信 内容／担当

10:10(20) 日本 産業医大産業生態科学研究所紹介 10:30(20) ﾌｨﾘﾋ ﾝ゚ フィリピンOSHC の活動紹介 10:50(20) ﾏﾚｰｼｱ マレーシアNIOSHの活動紹介 11:10(50) 日本 質問・討議 12:00(60) ﾌｨﾘﾋ ﾝ゚ WPRO における産業保健の取り組み 13:00(70) 昼食 14:10(50) 日本 医療従事者の産業衛生リスク 15:00(60) ﾌｨﾘﾋ ﾝ゚ フィリピンの SARS 対応 16:00(40) ﾌｨﾘﾋ ﾝ゚ 日本の SARS に関する経験 16:40(30) ﾏﾚｰｼｱ 全体討議

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