real-time monitoring of nicotine release behavior from
TRANSCRIPT
Real-time Monitoring of Nicotine Release Behavior from
Snus Based on Fiber Optic Sensing Technology
LI Peng1, SHEN Yi2, CHANG Cheng3
1. Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute, Shanghai 200082, China
3. Zhengzhou GaTech Instruments Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
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What is a snus?
Snus*. A sub-category of oral smokeless tobacco
products, traditionally used in Scandinavia, which
are manufactured using a tobacco heat-treatment
process. Products are processed into fine particles.
The final moisture content is typically higher than
40%. Semi-dry products (less than 40% moisture)
are also available. The products are usually placed
between upper lip and gum and do not require
expectoration during use. Products are available
both loose (upper image) and in individually
portioned sachets (lower image).
*: Smokeless tobacco glossary, CORESTA Report, 2010
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Background
◆Research Purpose:
To develop a
convenient method
which could
accurately test the
nicotine release
behavior of snus.
➢Release amount ( % or μg)
➢Release rate ( α value or μg/s)
UV Detection Technology
Optical Fiber Sensing
Technology
Computer Data Processing Technology
Oral Environment Simulation
( Custom ) Fiber Optic Nicotine
Release Analyzer
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( Custom ) Fiber Optic Nicotine Release Analyzer
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Structure
Nicotine Release Cell
Optical Fiber Probe
Stir Bars
Release Solution Collection Cup
Aluminum Foil Wrap
Sample
Tube
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Experimental procedure
➢Soak 1 pouch for 1h
➢Detect absorbance intensity at 260nm, 290nm, 550nm.
➢Test nicotine concentration of the soaking solution by HPLC.
➢Make a nicotine standard solution of the same concentration
➢Measure absorbance intensity at 260nm, 290nm, 550nm.
Calculate k and enter the value
into the software.
➢Weigh another pouch of sample and place it at the bottom of the release cell.
➢Click the start experiment button.
After 1 h, stop the experiment and save the files.
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How dose
nicotine release analyzer
work ?
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Working principle
Principle of
absorbance addition:
At some wavelength:
Assuming k:
λ1 : the maximum absorbance wavelength of nicotine
λ2 : nicotine no absorbance, impurities strong absorbance
λ3 : nicotine no absorbance, impurities no/weak absorbance
According (2) and (3):
ΔA2 ≈ A2soaking and ΔA3 ≈ A3
soaking :
Beer-Lambert Law :Concentration of Nicotine (μg/ml) over time
( Nicotine release behavior )
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Results and discussion
1. Determination of Reference Wavelength
• Principles:
– λ1 is the maximum absorbance wavelength of nicotine;
– nicotine has no absorbance at the wavelength of λ2, while
impurities have a strong absorbance;
– nicotine has no absorbance at the wavelength of λ3, and there
is no absorbance or a weak absorbance for impurities.
• Experimental Results:
– λ1 is 260 nm;
– λ2 is 290 nm;
– λ3 is 550 nm.
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Results and discussion
2. Stability, Linearity and Range of Absorbance
• The absorbance of the nicotine standard solution (10–80 μg/ml)
was stable at 260 nm during 60min.
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Results and discussion
3. Repeatability
Repeatability of the method (n=6, RSD%)
10 min 20 min 30 min 40 min 50 min 60 min
RSD % 3.4 7.4 6.8 5.0 5.8 4.2
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Results and discussionApplication of the Nicotine Release Behavior Test Method
4. Nicotine Release Behavior of Snus Samples
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Results and discussion
Weibull model: Y=1-exp(-α*t)µ Y is the cumulative dissolution fraction, α is the scale parameter
that determines the time scale of the dissolution process, and
μ is the shape parameter that determines the shape of the
curve. The curve is exponential when μ = 1, is S-shaped
when μ > 1, and is an exponential curve with a steep initial
slope when µ < 1. In this study, the value of μ was 1. The
shape of the fitting curve mainly depended on α meaning that
the cumulative release rates of nicotine over time were
determined by α. The value of α reflected the speed of
nicotine dissolution. Therefore, α was defined as the
nicotine release rate coefficient which was used to
evaluate the dissolution rates of nicotine.
5. Analysis on the Nicotine Release Behavior of Snus
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Results and discussionApplication of the Nicotine Release Behavior Test Method
5. α Values of Snus Samples
➢The
difference is
about 60
times.
0.492
0.008
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Conclusions
◼An in vitro method for analyzing nicotine release
behavior from snus was established.
Integrated
automation
control
Good
repeatability,
reproducibility.
Fast,
high efficiency
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Further applications
◆ Studies on factors influencing nicotine release behavior:
✓ Tobacco types
✓ Particle sizes
✓ pH
✓ Other factors
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Thank you for your attention!
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