real comm2e ch7
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TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7
Developing and Maintaining
Relationships
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• Explain key aspects of interpersonal relationships
• Describe how and why we form relationships
• List the advantages and disadvantages of relationships
Chapter Outcomes
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• Describe the factors that influence self-disclosure
• Outline the predictable stages of most relationships
Chapter Outcomes (cont.)
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The interconnections
and interdependence
between two
individuals
Interpersonal Relationships
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Interpersonal communication: the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages between two people who have a relationship and are influenced by their partner’s messages
InterpersonalRelationships (cont.)
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A web of relationships that connect individuals to one another
Relational Network
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•Family: A small social group bound by ties of blood, civil contract, and a commitment to care for one another
Types of Interpersonal Relationships
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•Friendship:– Close and caring
relationship between two people
– Perceived as mutually satisfying and beneficial
– Offers support, companionship
Types of Interpersonal Relationships (cont.)
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•Romantic Relationships:– Include love, or deep
affection for and attachment to another person• Love includes eros, ludus,
storge, pragma, mania, agape
– Include intimacy, or closeness and understanding of a relational partner
Types of Interpersonal Relationships (cont.)
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•Online Relationships– Social Information Processing
Theory argues that virtual relationships are as close as face-to-face relationships.
– Hyperpersonal communication: online communication that is even more intimate than face-to-face
– Include friendships, romances, business relationships, group memberships
Types of Interpersonal Relationships (cont.)
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• Functions of relationships– Companionship (inclusion)– Stimulation– Goal achievement
• Interpersonal attraction– Proximity (nearness)– Physical attraction– Similarity
Why We Form Relationships
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• Costs and rewards– Social exchange theory balances
advantages and disadvantages– Rewards
• Extrinsic (external advantages)• Instrumental (shared resources)• Intrinsic (personal satisfaction)
– Costs• Cause stress or annoyance
Managing Relationship Dynamics
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• Reducing uncertainty– Uncertainty reduction theory:
People need information to become closer or separate.• Passive strategies include observing and
monitoring.• Active strategies involve checking with a
third party.• Interactive strategies involve asking the
person for information.
Managing Relationship Dynamics (cont.)
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• Dialectical tensions: contradictory feelings that tug at every relationship– Relational dialectics theory
• Autonomy vs. Connection• Openness vs. Closedness• Predictability vs. Novelty
Managing Relationship Dynamics (cont.)
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• Social penetration theory (SPT):
How relationships move from superficial levels to levels of intimacy
Self-Disclosure and Relationships
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• Communication privacy management theory (CPM):
– We own private information.
– We control that information.
– Boundary turbulence is a threat to privacy boundaries.
Self-Disclosure and Relationships (cont.)
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• Strategic topic avoidance:
– Maneuvering the conversation away from undesirable topics because of potential for embarrassment, vulnerability, orrelational decline
Self-Disclosure and Relationships (cont.)
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Stages of a Relationship
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• Initiating stage:
– Make contact with another person.
– Many relationships don’t move beyond this stage.
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
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• Exploratory stage:
– Small talk to obtain superficial information
– Uncertainty reduction
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
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• Intensification stage:
– Personal self-disclosure
– Share affection verbally
– Pet names
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
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• Stable stage:
– Integrating or becoming one
– Bonding by sharing public messages about the relationship
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
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• Declining stage:
– Uncertainty events
• Interference
• Unmet expectations
– Relationship Repair
• Repair tactics
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
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• Termination stage:
– Passing away
• Relationship gradually fades
– Sudden death
• Unexpected termination for one partner
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)
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• Reconciliation:– Spontaneous development– Third-party mediation– High affect– Tacit persistence– Mutual interaction– Avoidance
Stages of a Relationship (cont.)