reading in the content area 604 p session 4. bringing students and texts together involves plans and...
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Reading in the Content Area604 P
Session 4
Bringing Students and
Texts Together
Involves plans and practices that result in active student engagement and collaboration
Activity
• Think of the ideal classroom
• In small groups of 3 or 4, on paper design a classroom that would encourage active learning and stimulate student socialization
• Select a “spokeperson”
• Be prepared to share with others
Classroom Context
• bulletin boards reflect themes or topics
• the classroom layout affects types of interactions
• invites thinking, reading, writing, speaking, listening, and sharing
• encourage socialization
• encourages interactive learning
Learning Environments
Text Lessons
Thematic Unit
•All students are reading the same text
•Lessons provide structure
•Departure from an exclusive focus on the text
•Central themes and frees students to pursue questions that intrigue or puzzle them
Core Text Lesson
• Instructional Framework
Before reading
During reading
After reading
before reading …activities that….
•motivate the student
•build/activate prior knowledge
• introduce key concepts/vocabulary
• develop metacognitive awareness
(graphic organizers..KWL..)
•help students interact with the most
important ideas in the text
•lead students to an understanding
of the important concepts
(scaffolding using reading guides)
during reading…activities should
•clarify and elaborate on ideas
encountered in the text using
writing activities, discussions
etc..
after reading …activities should..
•provides a set of experiences designed to
move students from preparation to
interaction with the text to extension and
elaboration of the concepts in the material
under study.
Instructional Plan
In Summary…….
Thematic Units• Organize instruction around a theme with objectives, activities, print and non-print resources, and inquiry experiences
• Can be for a single discipline or interdisciplinary - integrating two or more content areas
A Thematic Unit includes...• a title that reflects the theme or topic
• the major concepts to be learned
• the texts, information sources and literature (trade books) to be studied
• instructional activities w/emphasis on inquiry/research
• provisions for evaluating what students have learned (assessment)
Inquiry/Research Focus
• searching for ideas• gathering and sifting information• finding a focus• rethinking and revising
Students engage in the following activities:
pg. 248 - procedures..
Multiple Texts in Thematic Units
•Trade Books
•CD ROM texts
•CD ROM resources
•Internet resources
p.251 Brozo & Tomlinson
Collaborative Interactions
• Foster collaboration (a life skill)• Develop student self-esteem in the process of
learning• Develop positive group relationships• Enhance academic achievement• Facilitate active participation
Jigsaw Groups
Student Teams Achievement Divisions
Learning CirclesGroup Investigation
Group Retellings
Vocabulary and Concepts
Chapter 5
… means giving students multiple opportunities to learn how words are conceptually related to one another in the material they are studying
Teaching words.. Vocabulary related to their content area
Concepts• learned through direct, purposeful experiences
• create mental images .. grouped by common features or criteria
• do not stand alone... are bound by a hierarchy of relationships
Making Connections w/Graphic Organizers • a chart that visually represents concepts and their
relationships to other concepts (activates prior knowledge)
Birds
Land Birds Water Birds
Ostrich Emu
Penguin
Pelican
MAMMALSWhere
mammals may live
On land
In the water
In the trees
Warm blooded
Babies born live
(not in eggs) Have backbones
Characteristics
Full definition
Vertebrate animals which secrete milk to feed their young.
Horses
Humans
Dogs
Specific examples
Graphic Organizer Sample
Constructing Graphic Organizers
• analyze the vocabulary
• arrange the list of words to show the relationships
• evaluate the organizers .. Does it do what it is suppose to do?
• model for students
• relate new information where it seems appropriate
Activating What Students Know About Words
• Word exploration• Brainstorming• List-Group-Label• Semantic Word Maps• Word Sorts• Knowledge Ratings
Word Explorationa writing to learn strategy
… writing quickly and spontaneously about the word..drawing prior knowledge from their schema
… students share… teacher makes connections between students “ideas” and the actual concept
Brainstorming… students generate what they know about a subject
Two basic steps
-- teacher identifies key concept
-- students work in small groups to generate words related to concept
List-Group-Label… uses lists of words from brainstorming
… students divide into groups and discuss the words dividing the words into “categories”
… students make predictions about the content to be studied
Semantic Word Maps… used to visually show the relationships among words
... Teacher/student decide on concept
… relalted terms and phrases are added
… teacher models the creation several times for students.. students create their own
Word Sorts… students classify words into categories based on prior knowledge from lists provided by teacher
… promotes inductive reasoning; students must search for meanings and discover relationships in order to categorize them
Knowledge Ratings… students analyze what they know about a topic
... chart is created with vocabulary words in a survey like form and students are asked to analyze the words
Reinforcing/Extending Vocabulary Knowledge and Concepts
• Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA)• Categorizing Activities• Concept Circles• Context-Definition Related Activities
Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA)
… establishes a relationship between student’s prior knowledge and words that are conceptually related to one another
…SFA grid..topic or category written across top; features or properties written down the left side;students respond Y or N to indicate association exists.
Categorization Activities…determine relationships among technical terms
… students given four to six words per grouping and asked to do something with them
cross out what doesn’t belong….cicle what goes together..etc...
Concept Circles…help students relate words conceptually one to another
Philadelphia July 4, 1776
bells ring people cheer
What was the event?
Concept and Definition Related
•Modified Cloze Passages (p. 286)
200 - 500 word text ; leave out words..
•OPIN (p.287)
groups of three; sentences to each; complete sentences; convince others;
•Magic Squares (p.288)
two columns; one content;one definition;numbers add up to “magic”number
Websites• http://www.inspiration.com -Inspiration Software
Site
• www.reading.org -- IRA website
• www.teachingK-8.com -- Ideabook for teachers
• http://school.discovery.com/schrockguide/index.html
• http://www.randomhouse.com/features/rhwebsters/ -vocabulary
•http://www.marcopolo-education.org
•http://www.internet4classrooms.com/on-line_powerpoint.htm
--tutorial to learn PowerPoint
•http://www.teachertimesavers.com/
•http://syndicate.com/ - vocabulary
•http://www.vocabulary.com/? – vocabulary
•http://www.word-detective.com/ -vocabulary