vtct level 4 diploma in permanent hair removal and skin ... · the level 4 diploma in permanent...

AB40184F_v7.indd

VTCT Level 4 Diploma in Permanent Hair Removal and Skin RejuvenationAccreditation start date: 1 August 2010Credit value: 72Total Qualification Time (TQT): 720Guided learning hours (GLH): 480Qualification number: 500/9037/9

Statement of unit achievementBy signing this statement of unit achievement you are confirming that all learning outcomes, assessment criteria and range statements have been achieved under specified conditions and that the evidence gathered is authentic.

This statement of unit achievement table must be completed prior to claiming certification.

Unit code Date achieved Learner signature

Assessor initials

IV signature (if sampled)

Mandatory units

UV40462

UV40412

UV30430

UV40413

UV40414

UV40464

UV40463

UV30474

The qualification

Introduction National Occupational Standards (NOS)

The Level 4 Diploma in Permanent Hair Removal and Skin Rejuvenation will provide you with the understanding and skills to provide permanent hair reduction for all hair types. Darker hair can be treated using intense light and laser systems, whilst lighter hair can be treated using electrical epilation.

This qualification will also provide you with the skills to treat skin imperfections and to rejuvenate the skin using either intense pulsed light systems, advanced epilation or microdermabrasion.You will gain a deeper understanding of the physiology of ageing and you will also focus on the management of client care and health and safety in the salon.

You will be assessed on your occupational competence.

This qualification has been mapped to the relevant NOS (where applicable). This qualification is regulated on the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF). This qualification is approved and supported by the Hairdressing and Beauty Industry Authority (HABIA), the standard setting body for hair, beauty, nails and spa qualifications.

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Progression

This is an approved qualification for working as an advanced beauty therapist specialising in permanent hair removal and skin rejuvenation. It also provides a sound platform for further learning or training.

This qualification provides progression opportunities to the following VTCT qualifications:

• Level 4 Diploma in Advanced Beauty Therapy

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Qualification structure

Mandatory units - 72 creditsVTCT unit code

Ofqual unit reference Unit title Credit value GLH

UV40462 M/601/5347 Management of health, safety and security in the salon 8 44

UV40412 F/601/5658 Advanced epilation techniques 7 47

UV30430 K/601/5329 Apply micro dermabrasion 4 39

UV40413 D/601/5652 Laser and light treatments for hair removal 10 74

UV40414 T/601/5656 Laser and light treatments for skin rejuvenation 10 74

UV40464 M/601/5350 Quality management of client care in the hair and beauty sector 12 50

UV40463 A/601/5349 Physiology of ageing 10 64

UV30474 Y/601/4452 Provide electrical epilation 11 88

Total credits required - 72 (minimum)

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All mandatory units must be completed.

Guidance on assessment

External assessment (any requirements will be shown in the unit)

Externally assessed question papers completed electronically will be set and marked by VTCT.

Externally assessed hard-copy question papers will be set by VTCT, marked by centre staff and sampled by VTCT external verifiers.

This book contains the mandatory units that make up this qualification. Optional units will be provided in additional booklets. Where indicated, VTCT will provide assessment materials. Assessments may be internal or external. The method of assessment is indicated in each unit.

Internal assessment (any requirements will be shown in the unit)

Assessment is set, marked and internally verified by the centre to clearly demonstrate achievement of the learning outcomes. Assessment is sampled by VTCT external verifiers.

Assessment explained

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VTCT qualifications are assessed and verified by centre staff. Work will be set to improve your practical skills, knowledge and understanding. For practical elements, you will be observed by your assessor. All your work must be collected in a portfolio of evidence and cross-referenced to requirements listed in this record of assessment book.

Your centre will have an internal verifier whose role is to check that your assessment and evidence is valid and reliable and meets VTCT and regulatory requirements.

An external verifier, appointed by VTCT, will visit your centre to sample and quality-check assessments, the internal verification process and the evidence gathered. You may be asked to attend on a different day from usual if requested by the external verifier.

This record of assessment book is your property and must be in your possession when you are being assessed or verified. It must be kept safe. In some cases your centre will be required to keep it in a secure place. You and your course assessor will together complete this book to show achievement of all learning outcomes, assessment criteria and ranges.

Creating a portfolio of evidence

As part of this qualification you are required to produce a portfolio of evidence. A portfolio will confirm the knowledge, understanding and skills that you have learnt. It may be in electronic or paper format.

Your assessor will provide guidance on how to prepare the portfolio of evidence and how to show practical achievement, and understanding of the knowledge required to successfully complete this qualification. It is this booklet along with the portfolio of evidence that will serve as the prime source of evidence for this qualification.

Evidence in the portfolio may take the following forms:

• Observed work• Witness statements• Audio-visual media • Evidence of prior learning or attainment• Written questions• Oral questions• Assignments• Case studies

All evidence should be documented in the portfolio and cross referenced to unit outcomes. Constructing the portfolio of evidence should not be left to the end of the course.

Many frequently asked questions and other useful information are detailed in the VTCT Candidate’s Handbook, which is available on the VTCT website at www.vtct.org.uk/students. Other questions should be addressed to the tutor, lecturer or assessor.

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Unit assessment methods

This section provides an overview of the assessment methods that make up each unit in this qualification. Detailed information on assessment is provided in each unit.

Mandatory units External Internal

VTCT unit code Unit title Question

paper(s) Observations Assignments

UV40462 Management of health, safety and security in the salon 0

UV40412 Advanced epilation techniques 0 UV30430 Apply micro dermabrasion 1

UV40413 Laser and light treatments for hair removal 0

UV40414 Laser and light treatments for skin rejuvenation 0

UV40464 Quality management of client care in the hair and beauty sector 0

UV40463 Physiology of ageing 1 UV30474 Provide electrical epilation 1

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Unit glossaryDescription

VTCT product code

All units are allocated a unique VTCT product code for identification purposes. This code should be quoted in all queries and correspondence to VTCT.

Unit title The title clearly indicates the focus of the unit.

National Occupational Standards (NOS)

NOS describe the skills, knowledge and understanding needed to undertake a particular task or job to a nationally recognised level of competence.

LevelLevel is an indication of the demand of the learning experience, the depth and/or complexity of achievement and independence in achieving the learning outcomes.

Credit valueThis is the number of credits awarded upon successful achievement of all unit outcomes. Credit is a numerical value that represents a means of recognising, measuring, valuing and comparing achievement.

Guided Learning Hours (GLH)

The activity of a learner in being taught or instructed by - or otherwise participating in education or training under the immediate guidance or supervision of - a lecturer, supervisor, tutor or other appropriate provider of education or training.

Total qualification time (TQT)

The number of hours an awarding organisation has assigned to a qualification for Guided Learning and an estimate of the number of hours a learner will reasonably be likely to spend in preparation, study, or any other form of participation in education or training. This includes assessment, which takes place as directed - but, unilke Guided Learning, not under the immediate guidance or supervision of - a lecturer, supervisor, tutor or other appropriate provider of education or training.

Observations This indicates the minimum number of observations required to achieve the unit.

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes are the most important component of the unit, they set out what is expected in terms of knowing, understanding and practical ability as a result of the learning process. Learning outcomes are the results of learning.

Evidence requirements This section provides guidelines on how evidence must be gathered.

Maximum service times

The maximum time specified by Habia in which a particular service or practical element must be completed.

Observation outcome

An observation outcome details the practical tasks that must be completed to achieve the unit.

Knowledge outcome

A knowledge outcome details the theoretical requirements of a unit that must be evidenced through oral questioning, a mandatory written question paper or portfolio of evidence.

Assessment criteria

Assessment criteria set out what is required, in terms of achievement, to meet a learning outcome. The assessment criteria and learning outcomes are the components that inform the learning and assessment that should take place. Assessment criteria define the standard expected to meet learning outcomes.

Range The range indicates what must be covered. Ranges must be practically demonstrated in parallel to the unit’s observation outcomes.

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UV40462Management of health, safety and security in the salon

Through this unit you will develop your management skills around the implementation and management of health, safety and security practices in your salon.

You will evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of risk assessments, justify and monitor newly implemented and existing health, safety and security practices, comply with health and safety legislation and regulations, and manage the improvements through monitoring staff.

This unit is suitable for hairdressing, barbering, beauty salon, nail salon and spa managers.

UV40462_v14

GLH

Credit value

Level

Observation(s)

External paper(s)

44

8

4

2

0

On completion of this unit you will:

Learning outcomes Evidence requirements

UV40462

Management of health, safety and security in the salon

1. Be able to implement health, safety and security practices in the salon

2. Be able to manage health, safety and security practices in the salon

1. Environment Evidence for this unit must be gathered in a real or realistic working environment.

2. Simulation Simulation is not allowed in this unit.

3. Observation outcomes Competent performance of ‘Observation’ outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least two occasions.

4. Knowledge outcomes There must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the ‘Knowledge’ section of this unit. This evidence may include projects, assignments, case studies, reflective accounts, oral/written questioning and/or other forms of evidence.

5. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes in this unit. All outcomes must be achieved.

6. External paper There is no external paper requirement for this unit.

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Achieving observation outcomes

Achieving range


Achieving observations and range

UV40462

Your assessor will observe your performance of practical tasks. The minimum number of observations required is indicated in the evidence requirements section of this unit.

Criteria may not always naturally occur during a practical observation. In such instances you will be asked questions to demonstrate your competence in this area. Your assessor will document the criteria that have been achieved through oral questioning.

Your assessor will sign off an outcome when all criteria have been competently achieved in a single client service.

There are no range statements that apply to this unit.

There are no maximum service times that apply to this unit.

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Outcome 1

Observations

You can:

Observation 1 2 OptionalDate achievedCriteria questioned orallyPortfolio referenceAssessor initialsLearner signature

*May be assessed through oral questioning.

Be able to implement health, safety and security practices in the salon

a. Conduct a risk assessment of health, safety and security practices

b. Conduct an assessment of the effectiveness of health, safety and security practices

c. Recommend modifications to existing health, safety and security practices

d. Implement new health, safety and security practices based on outcomes of the assessments

UV40462 13

Outcome 2

You can:

Be able to manage health, safety and security practices in the salon


a. Evaluate compliance with newly implemented and existing health, safety and security practices

b. Manage improvements to increase compliance with health, safety and security practices

UV4046214

Observation 1 2 OptionalDate achievedCriteria questioned orallyPortfolio referenceAssessor initialsLearner signature

Achieving knowledge outcomes

Developing knowledge

You will be guided by your tutor and assessor on the evidence that needs to be produced. Your knowledge and understanding will be assessed using the assessment methods listed below:


Where possible your assessor will integrate knowledge outcomes into practical observations through oral questioning.

UV40462 15

Knowledge

Outcome 1

Be able to implement health, safety and security practices in the salon

You can: Portfolio reference /Assessor initials*

e. Evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of a risk assessment

f. Analyse the importance of health, safety and security practices

g. Justify proposals and recommendations for health, safety and security practices

*Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. Requirements highlighted in white are assessed in the external paper.

UV4046216

Outcome 2

Be able to manage health, safety and security practices in the salon


c. Explain the importance of compliance with legislation and regulations relating to heath, safety and security practices

d. Describe how to manage improvements to increase compliance with health, safety and security practices

e. Explain the importance of regularly evaluating health, safety and security practices in the salon


UV40462 17

Outcome 1: Be able to implement health, safety and security practices in the salon

Unit content

This section provides guidance on the recommended knowledge and skills required to enable you to achieve each of the learning outcomes in this unit. Your tutor/assessor will ensure you have the opportunity to cover all of the unit content.

UV4046218

Reasons for risk assessment: Legal requirement, provide a safe environment for staff/visitor/clients, identification of hazards, minimise hazards and risks, emergency procedures, staff training, implication of more than five members of staff, new staff in the workplace, new equipment and products, review systems, amendments and modifications to existing assessments, update records.

Recomend and manage the procedure for risk assessments of health, safety and security practices: Review policy, documentation, actual practice by all staff, planned and spot checks, judgement of findings, determine the level of risk, justify and suggest preventative measures, record findings, nominate staff to implement changes, notify remaining staff, regular reviews.

Salon Health and Safety Legislation and Regulations: Health and safety at work, control of substances hazardous to health, reporting of injuries diseases and dangerous occurrences, personal protective equipment, electricity at work, manual handling, supply of goods and services, trade description, fire precautions, first aid at work, data protection, employers liability (compulsory insurance), occupiers liability, local by-laws (set by council), local government miscellaneous provisions, salon rules, code of conduct, observance by all staff, salon manager should evaluate

and consider the legislation and regulations when performing risk assessment.

Risk assessment:Assessment – types, procedures, processes, why risk assessments must be completed, conduct and interpret results, amendments and modifications to be made where appropriate to existing assessments, updating records, legal reasons.

Space – utilisation, working area, heating, lighting, ventilation, layout and design of the salon.

Chemicals – procedures, storage, handling, safe usage, safe disposal, records.

Equipment – selection, safe usage, handling, lifting, repairs, maintenance.

Security (stock) – control systems, procedures, ordering, handling, storage.

Security (cash) – staff training, point of sale, in transit.

Security (people) – staff clients, visitors, personal belongings, systems, security, emergency evacuation, storage/use of confidential staff/client records, business information, data protection.

Buildings – maintenance of internal and external security, commercially available systems.

Emergency procedures – accidents, first aid, fire evacuation, incidents, personnel,

Outcome 1: Be able to implement health, safety and security practices in the salon (continued)

UV40462 19

records, belongings, systems, security, emergency evacuation, storage and use of confidential staff and client records, business information, data protection.

Management – recording, implementing, updating processes and procedures, staff training.

Security breaches – stock levels control and monitoring, inventory of equipment, manual and computerised records.

Outcome 2: Be able to manage health, safety and security practices in the salon

Evaluate compliance with new and existing health, safety and security practices:

Collate information from existing and new practices – reason why health, safety and security must be reviewed, time controlled review period, seek feedback from staff/clients/visitors, review records, use the same format, problem solving, causes of action, synthesis, summarise, judge, compare and contrast results, modify, justify, what worked/what did not, draw conclusions, record findings.

The importance of compliance with legislation and regulations: National legislation, establishment rules, industry code of practice, safe working environment, professional reputation, full fill licence to practice requirements (insurance and policies), avoid accidents – legal claims,

healthy business, happy workforce, regular reviews avoid complacency, avoidable problems, legal action, closure of business.

Manage, monitor and support others to ensure compliance of Health and Safety: Revision of health and safety statement and policy, accurate records, update processes and procedures, evaluation of effectiveness of procedures, staff training and appraisal, planned and spot checks, responsibilities in the salon for health and safety, safety meetings, monitoring changes in law, take external advice, continual professional development.

Providing support for staff: Up-to-date leaflets and posters, ongoing training, open door policy, suggestion box, current roles and responsibilities for staff.

UV4046220

Notes Use this area for notes and diagrams

UV40412Advanced epilation techniques

This unit is about the skills involves in carrying out providing advanced electrical epilation techniques to treat skin tags, telangiectasia, spider naevi and blood spots. You will also need to carry out a thorough consultation with the client, formulate an individual treatment plan and provide the relevant treatment advice.

To carry out this unit you will need to maintain effective health, safety and hygiene procedures throughout your treatment.

UV40412_v14.indd

GLH

Credit value

Level

Observations

External paper(s)

47

7

4

3

0



UV40412

Advanced epilation techniques

1. Be able to prepare for advanced epilation

2. Be able to provide advanced epilation



3. Observation outcomes Competent performance of ‘Observation’ outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least three occasions.

4. Range All ranges must be practically demonstrated or other forms of evidence produced to show they have been covered.


6. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes and ranges in this unit. All outcomes and ranges must be achieved.


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Achieving range



UV40412




The range section indicates what must be covered. Ranges should be practically demonstrated as part of an observation. Where this is not possible other forms of evidence may be produced. All ranges must be be covered.

Your assessor will document the portfolio reference once a range has been competently achieved.


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Outcome 1

Observations

You can:

Observation 1 2 3Date achievedCriteria questioned orallyPortfolio referenceAssessor initialsLearner signature


Be able to prepare for advanced epilation

a. Prepare yourself, client and work area for advanced epilation treatment

b. Use suitable consultation techniques to identify treatment objectives

c. Carry out skin analysis and any relevant tests to identify any influencing factors

d. Provide clear recommendations to the client based on outcomes of skin analysis

e. Select products, tools and equipment to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

UV40412 25

Outcome 2

You can:

a. Communicate and behave in a professional manner

b. Follow health and safety working practices

c. Position yourself and the client correctly throughout the treatment

d. Use products, tools and equipment to suit client treatment needs

e. Adapt the advanced epilation techniques to suit client needs and skin conditions

f. Complete the treatment to the satisfaction of the client

g. Record and evaluate the results of the treatment

h. Provide suitable aftercare advice

Be able to provide advanced epilation


UV4041226


Range

*You must practically demonstrate that you have:

Used all the consultation techniques Portfolio reference

Questioning

Visual

Manual

Reference to client records

Treated all skin imperfections Portfolio reference

Milia

Skin tag

Telangiectasia

Spider naevi

Blood spots

*It is strongly recommended that all range items are practically demonstrated. Where this is not possible, other forms of evidence may be produced to demonstrate competence.

UV40412 27


Used all treatment techniques Portfolio reference

Needle depth and pressure

Current intensity

Duration of current flow

Needle selection

Treatment area spacing

Provided all types of advice Portfolio reference

Avoidance of activities which may cause contra-actions

Future treatment needs

Home care

Modification of lifestyle patterns


UV4041228






UV40412 29

Knowledge

Outcome 1

Be able to prepare for advanced epilation

You can: Portfolio reference/Assessor initials*

f. Explain salon requirements for preparing yourself, the client and work area

g. Explain the environmental conditions suitable for advanced epilation techniques

h. Explain the different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives

i. Explain the importance of carrying out a detailed skin analysis and relevant tests

j. Explain how to select advanced epilation techniques to suit client skin types and conditions

k. Evaluate the different techniques used for advanced epilation treatments

l. Explain the contra-indications that prevent or restrict advanced epilation treatments

m. Explain the required legislation for skin piercing

* Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. Requirements highlighted in white are assessed in the external paper.

UV4041230

Outcome 2



i. Explain how to communicate and behave in a professional manner

j. Explain health and safety working practices

k. Explain the importance of positioning yourself and the client correctly throughout the treatment

l. Explain the importance of using products, tools, equipment and techniques to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

m. Explain how to work on different treatment areas

n. Explain the consequences of inaccurate probing

o. Explain the principles, uses and benefits of short wave diathermy

p. Describe how treatments can be adapted to suit client treatment needs and skin conditions

q. Explain the contra-actions that may occur during and following treatments

r. Explain the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment

s. Summarise the aftercare advice that should be provided to prevent post-treatment damage


UV40412 31

Outcome 2 (continued)



t. Explain the suitable methods of dealing with re-appearance of skin conditions between treatments

u. Explain different skin types, conditions, diseases and disorders

v. Explain the structure and functions of the skin

w. Explain the principles of skin healing

x. Explain the structure and function of the endocrine system and its effect on skin conditions

y. Explain the structure and function of circulatory and lymphatic systems


UV4041232

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for advanced epilation

Unit content


UV40412 33

Management of health & safety at work: Cleaning up spillages, report slippery surfaces, remove report obstacles, good all round access to trolleys and equipment, sterilise or disinfect – tools, equipment, work surfaces, personal protective equipment.

Electricity at work - checking / visual check of equipment, no trailing wires Portable Appliance Testing (PAT).

Manual handling - moving stock, lifting, working heights, unpacking, posture, deportment, balance weight, preserve back, prevent slouching.

Towels - clean for every client, dirty towels in covered bin.

Liability insurance - employers, public, professional indemnity.

Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences - accident book, reporting diseases, local bye laws, code of conduct, risk assessment.

Control of substances hazardous to health - replace lids, ventilation for vapour and dust, avoid over exposure to chemicals, correct use of chemicals, follow storage handling use and disposal, correct disposal of contaminated waste, products, check end date, packaging, store away from heat, damp and direct sunlight, dispose of contaminated waste in a closed top bin, relevant manufacturer’s instructions, no smoking, eating, drinking.

Health and safety legislation: Data protection legislation; electricity at work legislation; employers liability (compulsory insurance) legislation; fire precautions legislation; first aid at work legislation; health and safety at work legislation; local government miscellaneous provisions legislation; occupiers liability legislation; local bylaws.

Regulations: Control of substances hazardous to health regulations; management of health and safety at work regulations; manual handling; personal protective equipment; reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations; workplace (health and welfare) regulations.

Hazards and risks: A hazard is something that has the potential to cause harm; a risk is the likelihood of a hazard happening.

Employer responsibility: Current and valid liability insurance; display health and safety rules covering – staff, employees, clients, fire evacuation, provide regular training, accurate record keeping, monitoring.

Hazards: Something with potential to cause harm; requiring immediate legislation; level of responsibility; report; nominated personnel; duty to recognize / deal with hazards.

Equipment - only used for intended purpose, safe usage, handling, storage, cleaning, lifting, visual checks, worn, faulty,

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for advanced epilation (continued)

UV4041234

repairs, maintenance, Portable Appliance Testing, correct disposal of contaminated waste, records.

Security (cash): Staff training, point of sale, regular banking, in transit.

Security (people): Staff, clients, visitors, children, personal belongings, systems – security, emergency evacuation, storage, client records, business information.

Risk: Likelihood of a hazard happening, risk assessment, determine the level of risk, preventative measures, reduce a potentially harmful situation, judgement of salon hazards who, what, level of risk, interpret results, conclusions, record findings, regular reviews.

Reasons for risk assessment: Staff, visitor, client health and safety, safe environment, minimising hazards and risks, requirement of legislation.

Hygiene:

General - sterilise and sanitise tools, disinfect work surfaces, cover cuts and abrasions, sanitise therapist hands before and after treatments, sanitise with sprays and gels, clean towels between client, dirty towels in covered bin, disposable towels, dispense products with a spatula, pump or spray, disposables used wherever possible, no smoking, personal hygiene, replace loose lids, uncapped bottle and pots.

Disinfection - heat or chemical methods, bactericides, fungicides, viricides, UV cabinet for storage only

Disposal of waste: Single use items, pedal bin with a liner, spillages and unused chemicals, contaminated waste, hazardous

waste, environmental protection.

Therapist posture and deportment: Correct posture when sitting, correct posture with lifting, correct posture when carrying, working methods to avoid Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), hand exercises, standing posture, even weight distribution, client comfort, maintain modesty, client correctly positioned to get maximum benefit from treatment, ensure therapist positioning delivers appropriate techniques, appropriate space between client and therapist, prevent injury, optimum results, allow for visual checks.

Work area: Clean and hygienic, height adjustable chair, correct posture, correct couch height, lighting, ventilation, noise, music, temperature, ambience, no trailing wires, no obstructions, tools and equipment in a safe working position for therapist.

Client preparation: Protect client clothing, client comfort, privacy, modesty, client positioned correctly.

Communication:

Verbal - speaking manner and tone, professional, supportive, respectful, sensitive to client, open questioning related to treatment.

Non-verbal - eye contact, body language, listening.

Record keeping: Accurate appointment systems, stationary, loyalty, rewards, acknowledgement of occasions, consultation record keeping, contra-indications, signatures, refer to existing records, information clear and accurate, logical order, name, address, contact

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for advanced epilation (continued)

UV40412 35

numbers, age range, reason for treatment, occupation, sport/hobbies, medical history, allergies/hypersensitivity, contact lenses, contra-actions, contra-indications, skin sensitivity tests, adaptations and modifications, recommendations, requirement, treatment plan, update record at the end of the end of the treatment, update at each visit, records maintained electronically, paper records.

Professional appearance: Clean professional uniform, no jewellery, hair neatly tied back fringe secured, closed in footwear, make-up - light day make-up, personal hygiene and cleanliness – shower bath, cover cuts and abrasions, deodorant or antiperspirant, oral hygiene, clean teeth, fresh breath, nails – good condition and maintained, no piercings.

Professional ethical conduct: Polite, cheerful and friendly manner, friendly facial expressions, positive attitude, eye contact, open body language, client relations, confidentiality, respect for colleagues and competitors, avoid gossip, pride in work, punctuality, employer and client loyalty.

Cosmetic skin piercing: Local authorities, local government legislations,miscellaneous provisions legislations.

Examples of contra-indications that may prevent treatment: Heart disorders, pacemakers, hepatitis B, HIV, steroid drugs, endocrine disorders, metal plates and pins, loss of tactile sensation, contagious skin disorders and diseases, hairy moles, nickel allergy.

Examples of contra-indications that may restrict treatment: Psoriasis, eczema, acne, epilepsy, diabetes.

Areas contra-indicated to advanced electrolysis: Nostrils, ears, eyelashes.

Skin sensitivity test: Thermal sensitivity test, patch test recommended 24hrs before treatment.

Skin sensitivity test - interpret results:

Positive - red, itchy, irritated, swelling.

Negative - no change to skin.

Examples of possible contra-actions: Erythema, oedema, excess blanching, minor blood spots, rash, bruising, burns, broken/in-growing hairs, histamine/allergic reaction.

Response to contra-actions: Discontinue treatment, take remedial action.

Examples of possible post treatment reactions: hyper-pigmentation, hypo-pigmentation.

Outcome 2: Be able to provide advanced epilation

UV4041236

Products, tools and equipment:Tools – forceps, probe holder, needles (one piece/two piece/stainless steel/insulated/gold/various sizes, sharps box.

Camera – reasons for photographing the area to be treated (pre/post).

Needles types/sizes – stainless steel, insulated steel, gold, platinum, probex and uni-probes, pre-packed and sterilized (gamma irradiation/ethylene oxide gas) in disposable packets. Sizes, two piece and one piece needles, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010.

Diathermy: Alternating current, short-wave high frequency current, production of heat in the skin, blend, cauterisation, coagulation, magnifying lamp, disposable gloves, pre-treatment skin cleanser, aftercare product.

Skin types and recognition factors: Dry, oily, sensitive, dehydrated, mature, skin colour.

Normal skin – smooth texture, thick epidermis, refined skin, tight pores, even moisture supply.

Dry skin – flaky rough texture, thin epidermis, sensitivity, dull complexion, fine lines, tight skin.

Oily skin – coarse texture, open pores, thick epidermis, shiny appearance, blemishes may be present.

Combination skin – coarse textured, open pores, shiny appearance, tendency to blemish.

Sensitive skin – fine texture, thin epidermis, reacts to heat and abrasion, possible capillary damage (broken

capillaries).

Mature skin – loose soft skin, network of superficial lines, lack of supporting adipose tissue, poor muscle tone (neck and eye areas), loss of elasticity.

Blemished skin – glandular imbalance, allergies, bacterial infection (proceed with caution).

Recognising/treating treatable imperfections: Telangiectasia (thread veins), spider neavi, Campbell D’Morgan (blood spot), milia (white heads), pendunculated paillomas (skin tag), papillomas (moles).

Pigmentation abnormalities – chloasma, vitiligo, ephelides (freckles) lentigo.

Causes of imperfections – hereditary, weather elements, poor/incorrect skin care/products, injury, allergies, smoking, diet/alcohol intake, high blood pressure, hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause), endocrine disorders, weight, liver congestion, sinus problems, hay fever, fluid retention, surgery, steroids, acne, acne rosacea, eczema, psoriasis, birthmarks, constipation (straining), prolonged exposure to heat/cold, medication.

Probing faults: Indentations (pitting), tissue damage, black or blue marks (bruising) blanching, hyper pigmentation, hypo pigmentation, raised lumps, using bent or blunt probes, insufficient current strength, inaccurate needle insertion, operating too quickly, using faulty equipment.

Preparation of the client: Preparing the area to be treated, using suitable pre-cleansing agent, positioning for the client,

Outcome 2: Be able to provide advanced epilation (continued)

UV40412 37

prepare self.

Factors that influence current intensity: Client’s pain threshold, skin type/sensitivity, imperfection to be treated, length of application time, needle size, previous treatments given.

Aftercare/home care advice: Avoidance of activities which may cause contra-actions, suitable home care products and their use, recommending intervals between advanced electrical epilation treatments.

General aftercare – avoid touching the area, picking any scabs that may form, wearing face powder, using any form of perfumed products, make-up on the area treated for 24 hours (mineral based products are permitted), sunbathing/sun beds, deodorant (under arm only) for 24 hours, general avoidance of heat treatments of any type for 24 hours, swimming in chlorinated/salt water, avoidance of fake tanning products prior to epilation.

Home care – cut/shave only between treatments, recommended home care products and skin care regime, use of SPF product (min SPF 25), the benefits of drinking recommended water intake, avoid causes of thread veins, tight fitting glasses, squeezing spots, blowing nose hard, hot/spicy foods, alcohol.

Anatomy and physiology:Skin – epidermis (structure) – stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, process of keratinisation.

Skin – dermis (structure) – blood/lymph supply, papillary layer, reticular

layer, collagen, elastin, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, hair, dermal papilla, sebaceous glands and sebum, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine), sensory nerve endings.

Skin – hypodermis (structure) – subcutaneous layer, adipose tissue, adipocytes.

Skin functions – secretion, heat regulation, absorption, protection, elimination, sensation, vitamin D production, melanin production.

Principles of skin healing: Hemostasis phase – clotting of platelets and other secretions to plug the wound.

Inflammation phase – erythema, swelling, heat.

Proliferation/granulation phase – fibroblasts secrete collagen framework to promote cell regeneration, pericytes and endothelial cells produce lining (angiogenisis), keratinocytes, epilthelialisation.

Maturation phase – healing process, fibrocytes, can take up to 2 years depending on the wound.

General – diet, sun protection, cell reproduction, moisture.

Hair structure: Arrector pili muscle, hair follicle, inner root sheath (henle’s layer, huxley’s layer, cuticle layer), outer root sheath, vitreous membrane, connective tissue sheath, root (bulb/matrix, dermal papilla), sebaceous gland, shaft (medulla, cortex, cuticle).


UV4041238

Hair growth cycle: Anagen, catagen, telogen.

Hair functions: insulation and protection.

Examples of diseases and disorders of the skin: Allergy – dermatitis, urticaria.

Bacterial – impetigo, furuncle, carbuncle.

Fungal – tinea (capitis, corporis, sycosis, favosa, unguium, pedis).

Hypertrophies – keratoma, mole, polyps, seborrhoeic warts, skin tags, verruca, xanthoma.

Infestations – pediculosis, scabies.

Inflammations – eczema, psoriasis.

Pigmentations – albinism, broken capillaries, chloasma, erythema, lentigo, leucoderma, liver spots, naevus (portwine/strawberry), vitiligo.

Sebaceous glands – acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, comedones, cysts, furuncle, milia, seborrhoea, steatoma, steatosis.

Skin cancers – basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, tumor.

Sudoriferous glands – anhidrosis, bromidrosis/osmidrosis, hyperhidrosis, miliaria rubra.

Viral – herpes simplex/herpes zoster, warts, verrucas.

Lesions – bulla, crust, fissure, macule, papule, pustule, scale, tubercle, tumour, ulcer, vesicle, wheal.

Examples of diseases and disorders of the hair: Hirsuitism, hypertrichosis, pediculosis.

Structure and function of the endocrine system: Responsible for the secretion of hormones, pituitary gland, pineal gland, gonads (the sex glands), adrenal glands, thyroid gland, para-thyroid glands, pancreas gland, thymus gland.

Other glands: Sweat or sudodiferous glands, cerouminous or wax producing glands, pancreas.

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary: Somatotrophin (growth hormone), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adreno-cortico tropic hormone (ACTH), gonado tropic hormone (GTH), (FSH) follicle stimulating hormone, (LH) luteinising hormone, prolactin.

Hormones secreted by the posterior lobe: Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone ADH), oxytocin.

Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland: Thyroxine and triidothyronine, calcitonin.

Hormones secreted by the parathyroid Glands: Parathormone.

Hormones secreted by the pancreas: Insulin, glucagons.

Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla: Adrenalin, noradrenalin.

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex: Andrenocortical, adrenocorticotrophic (steroid hormones), mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadotrophic.

The gonads (sex glands): Ovaries (oestrogen, progesterone), testes (testosterone).

Heart structure: Heart wall (endocardium,


UV40412 39

myocardium, pericardium), aorta, atria, bicuspid (mitral) valve, chordae tendineae, inferior and superior vena cava, papillary muscles, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary), septum, tricuspid valve, ventricles.

Functions of cardiovascular system: Transport, defence, clotting, regulation and homeostasis.

Blood vessels: Structure and function, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries.

Circuits: Structure and function, pulmonary circulation, portal circulation, coronary circulation, systemic circulation.

Major arteries of the head and neck: Carotid, facial, occipital, temporal.

Major veins of the head and neck: Jugular, occipital, temporal, maxillary, facial.

Major arteries of the body: Aorta, descending aorta, subclavian, carotid, pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, mesenteric, iliac, vertebral, axillary, brachial, ulnar, radial, palmar arch, femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, plantar arch.

Major veins of the body: Vena cava (inferior and superior), pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, iliac, axillary, brachial, basilic, cephalic, subclavian, saphenous (long and short), venous arch, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, anterior tibial.

Composition of blood: Plasma, leucocytes (granulocytes and agranulocytes), erythrocytes, thrombocytes.

Functions of the lymphatic system: Subsidiary circulation (lymph formation), immunity, return of lost plasma proteins to the blood, transport dietary lipids.

Lymphatic components: Structure and function – lymph, lymph capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts (thoracic and right lymphatic duct), subclavian veins.

Lymphatic nodes: Location of axillary, cervical (superficial and deep), inguinal, intestinal, occipital, popliteal, post-auricular, pre-auricular (parotid), supratrochlear.

Other lymphoid tissue: Structure, location and function, appendix, peyers patches, spleen, tonsils, thymus.

UV4041240

Notes Use this area for making notes and drawing diagrams

UV30430Apply micro dermabrasion

This unit is about providing micro dermabrasion treatments to improve the appearance and condition of the skin on the face and body. To carry out this unit you will need to maintain effective health, safety and hygiene procedures throughout your work.

UV30430_v10.indd

GLH

Credit value

Level

Observation(s)

External paper(s)

39

4

3

3

1



UV30430

Apply micro dermabrasion

1. Be able to prepare for skin treatment using micro dermabrasion

2. Be able to provide skin treatment using micro dermabrasion

43

1. EnvironmentEvidence for this unit must be gathered in a real or realistic working environment.

2. SimulationSimulation is not allowed in this unit.

3. Observation outcomesCompetent performance of ‘Observation’ outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least three occasions.

4. RangeAll ranges must be practically demonstrated or other forms of evidence produced to show they have been covered.

5. Knowledge outcomesThere must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the ‘Knowledge’ section of this unit. This evidence may include projects, assignments, case studies, reflective accounts, oral/written questioning and/or other forms of evidence.

6. Tutor/Assessor guidanceYou will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes and ranges in this unit. All outcomes and ranges must be achieved.

7. External paperKnowledge and understanding in this unit will be assessed by an external paper. The criteria that make up this paper are highlighted in white throughout this unit. There is one external paper that must be achieved.


Achieving range



UV30430







44

Outcome 1

Observations

You can:



Be able to prepare for skin treatment using micro dermabrasion

a. Prepare yourself, client and work area for micro dermabrasion skin treatment


c. Advise the client on how to prepare for the treatment

d. Carry out a skin analysis

e. Provide clear recommendations to the client

f. Select products and tools to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

UV30430 45

Outcome 2

You can:




d. Use products, tools and techniques to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

e. Complete the treatment to the satisfaction of the client

f. Record and evaluate the results of the treatment

g. Provide suitable aftercare advice

Be able to provide skin treatment using micro dermabrasion


UV3043046


Range


Used all consultation techniques Portfolio reference

Questioning

Visual

Manual


Met all the treatment objectives Portfolio reference

Improved skin condition

Improved contour appearance

Improved skin texture

Dealt with at least one necessary action Portfolio reference

Encourage the client to seek medical advice

Explain why the treatment cannot be carried out

Modification of treatment

Treated all skin types Portfolio reference

Oily

Dry

Combination

Treated all skin conditions Portfolio reference

Sensitive

Mature

Dehydrated


UV30430 47


Treated all areas Portfolio reference

Face

Body

Treated all body conditions Portfolio reference

Appearance of cellulite

Uneven skin texture




Modifications to lifestyle patterns

Recommended use of home care products


UV3043048






Achieving the external paper

The external paper will test your knowledge of the criteria highlighted in white. A pass mark of 70% must be achieved. Criteria not achieved will be identified to your tutor/assessor. You will then be orally questioned or asked to produce other forms of evidence as all unit criteria must be achieved.

Your assessor will complete the table below when the 70% pass mark has been achieved.

Paper Date achieved Assessor initials

1 of 1

UV30430 49

Knowledge

Outcome 1

Be able to prepare for skin treatment using micro dermabrasion


g. Describe salon requirements for preparing yourself, the client and the work area

h. Describe the environmental conditions suitable for micro dermabrasion skin treatment

i. Describe the different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives

j. Describe how to select products and tools to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

k. Describe known contra-indications that may restrict or prevent micro dermabrasion treatment

l. Describe the importance of carrying out a skin analysis

m. Describe the effects and benefits of a micro dermabrasion treatment


UV3043050

Outcome 2



h. Explain how to communicate and behave in a professional manner

i. Describe health and safety working practices

j. Explain the importance of positioning yourself and the client correctly throughout the treatment

k. Explain the importance of using products, tools and techniques to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

l. Describe how treatment can be adapted to suit client treatment needs

m. State the contra-actions that may occur during and following treatments and how to respond

n. Explain the importance of completing the treatment to the satisfaction of the client

o. Explain the importance of completing treatment records

p. Describe the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment

q. Describe the aftercare advice that should be provided

r. Describe the structure and function of the skin

s. Describe the main diseases and disorders of the skin


UV30430 51




t. Describe skin types, conditions and characteristics

u. Describe the growth cycle and repair of the skin

v. Explain how natural ageing, lifestyle and environmental factors affect the condition of the skin


UV3043052

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for skin treatment using micro dermabrasion

Unit content


UV30430 53

Management of health & safety at work: Cleaning up spillages, report slippery surfaces, remove report obstacles, good all round access to trolleys and equipment, sterilise or disinfect – tools, equipment, work surfaces, personal protective equipment.

Electricity at work - checking / visual check of equipment, no trailing wires Portable Appliance Testing (PAT).

Manual handling - moving stock, lifting, working heights, unpacking, posture, deportment, balance weight, preserve back, prevent slouching.

Towels - clean for every client, dirty towels in covered bin.

Liability insurance - employers, public, professional indemnity.

Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences - accident book, reporting diseases, local bye laws, code of conduct, risk assessment.

Control of substances hazardous to health - replace lids, ventilation for vapour and dust, avoid over exposure to chemicals, correct use of chemicals, follow storage handling use and disposal, correct disposal of contaminated waste, products, check end date, packaging, store away from heat, damp and direct sunlight, dispose of contaminated waste in a closed top bin, relevant manufacturer’s instructions, no smoking, eating, drinking.

Health and safety legislation: Data protection legislation; electricity at work legislation; employers liability (compulsory

insurance) legislation; fire precautions legislation; first aid at work legislation; health and safety at work legislation; local government miscellaneous provisions legislation; occupiers liability legislation; local bylaws.

Regulations: Control of substances hazardous to health regulations; management of health and safety at work regulations; manual handling; personal protective equipment; reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations; workplace (health and welfare) regulations.

Hazards and risks: Has the potential to cause harm; a risk is the likelihood of a hazard happening.

Employer responsibility: current and valid liability insurance; display health and safety rules covering – staff, employees, clients, fire evacuation, provide regular training, accurate record keeping, monitoring.

Hazards: Something with potential to cause harm; requiring immediate legislation; level of responsibility; report; nominated personnel; duty to recognize / deal with hazards.

Equipment - only used for intended purpose, safe usage, handling, storage, cleaning, lifting, visual checks, worn, faulty, repairs, maintenance, Portable Appliance Testing, correct disposal of contaminated waste, records.


Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for skin treatment using micro dermabrasion (continued)

UV3043054

Security (people): Staff, clients, visitors, children, personal belongings, systems – security, emergency evacuation, storage, client records, business information.


Reasons for risk assessment: staff, visitor, client health and safety, safe environment, minimising hazards and risks, requirement of legislation.

Hygiene: General - sterilise and sanitise tools, disinfect work surfaces, cover cuts and abrasions, sanitise therapist hands before and after treatments, sanitise with sprays and gels, clean towels between client, dirty towels in covered bin, disposable towels, dispense products with a spatula, pump or spray, disposables used wherever possible, no smoking, personal hygiene, replace loose lids, uncapped bottle and pots.

Disinfection - heat or chemical methods, bactericides, fungicides, viricides, UV cabinet for storage only.

Disposal of waste: Single use items, pedal bin with a liner, spillages and unused chemicals, contaminated waste, hazardous waste, environmental protection.

Therapist posture and deportment: Correct posture when sitting, correct posture with lifting, correct posture when carrying, working methods to avoid Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), hand exercises, standing posture, even weight

distribution, client comfort, maintain modesty, client correctly positioned to get maximum benefit from treatment, ensure therapist positioning delivers appropriate techniques, appropriate space between client and therapist, prevent injury, optimum results, allow for visual checks.



Communication: Verbal - speaking manner and tone, professional, supportive, respectful, sensitive to client, open questioning related to treatment.

Non-verbal - eye contact, body language, listening.

Record keeping: Accurate appointment systems, stationery, loyalty, rewards, acknowledgement of occasions, consultation record keeping, contra-indications, signatures, refer to existing records, information clear and accurate, logical order, name, address, contact numbers, age range, reason for treatment, occupation, sport/hobbies, medical history, allergies/hypersensitivity, contact lenses, contra-actions, contra-indications, skin sensitivity tests, adaptations and modifications, recommendations, requirement, treatment plan, update record at the end of the end of the treatment, update at each visit, records maintained electronically, paper records.

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for skin treatment using micro dermabrasion (continued)

UV30430 55

Professional appearance: Clean professional uniform, no jewellery, hair neatly tied back fringe secured, closed in footwear, make-up - light day make-up, personal hygiene and cleanliness – shower bath, cover cuts and abrasions, deodorant or antiperspirant, oral hygiene, clean teeth, fresh breath, nails – good condition and maintained, no piercings.

Professional ethical conduct: Polite, cheerful and friendly manner, friendly facial expressions, positive attitude, eye contact, open body language, client relations, confidentiality, respect for colleagues and competitors, avoid gossip, pride in work, punctuality, employer and client loyalty.

Over exposure to chemicals/products (prevention): Routes of entry to the body (preventing inhalation, ingestion), absorption (correct application techniques, manufacturer’s instructions), personal protective equipment, correct ventilation, decanting products, eye protection, contact lenses, good housekeeping techniques, salon hygiene.

Over exposure to product (symptoms): Irritation in eyes/nose/throat, skin irritation, excessive erythema, blistering, grazing, blood spots.

Examples of contra-indications that may prevent treatment: Inflamed or infected skin conditions, herpes simplex, contagious skin disease, malignant melanomas, client on medication that causes skin thinning or inflammation (e.g. steroids, acutane, retin-A), keloid scarring, diagnosed scleroderma, haemophilia, insulin controlled diabetes, epilepsy, circulatory disorders, dysfunction of the

nervous system, HIV, UV exposure, vitiligo, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, infected/pustular acne, client undergoing any medical treatment without GP’s consent.

Examples of contra-indications that may restrict treatment: Tattoo in treatment area, pigmented naevi, moles, recent dermabrasion or chemical peel treatment, recent scar tissue (within six months), varicose veins, cuts, abrasions, bruises, collagen, restylane or similar filler injections, recent botox treated areas (lack of nerve response), couperose conditions, telangiectasia/telangiectasia angioma (spider naevi).

Examples of possible contra-actions: Erythema, oedema, bruising, allergic reaction, discontinue treatment, take remedial action

Possible causes of contra-actions:Poor hygiene - Home care/aftercare, bacterial infection caused by contamination of treated area.

Over treatment - Excess erythema, blistering, excessive discomfort, swelling, bruising, blood spots.

Outcome 2: Be able to provide skin treatment using micro dermabrasion

UV3043056

Skin analysis: Carried out using magnifying lamp, protect eyes with damp cotton wool pads, check all areas of the face and neck for skin type, skin conditions and characteristics, record results on record card, client skin type, conditions and characteristics, treatment plan, most suitable treatment, suitable products, prevent worsening of conditions, accurate aftercare advice, future treatment needs.

Skin types: Normal, oily, dry.

Skin conditions: Mature, sensitive, dehydrated, congested.

Examples of skin imperfections: Broken capillaries, pustules, papules, milia, comedones, open pores, fine lines and wrinkles.

Skin characteristics: Sensitive - often pale skins, dry, colour easily, redness, react to products.

Dehydrated - normal sebaceous secretions but still flaky, tight.

Mature - loss of elasticity, loose muscle tone, wrinkles.

Normal - fine texture, no visible pores, smooth, supple, flexible.

Oily - shiny, slight thickening, sallow, coarse texture, enlarged pores, congestion, comedones.

Combination - combination of two or more skin types, usually oily T zone, normal or dry on cheeks.

Dry - lacks moisture, dry to touch, flakiness, fine texture, thin, tight, small pores, broken capillaries, ageing.

Skin sensitivity tests: Tactile test for sharp and blunt, thermal test for hot and

cold.

Tactile - Use a sharp (orange stick) and smooth (cotton pad) object, stroke over the skin in area to be treated, client should be able to differentiate between the different sensations.

Thermal - Fill test tube with cold water and one with hot water, place on skin in area to be treated, ask client to differentiate between the sensations.

Skin sensitivity test - record results.

Skin sensitivity test- interpret results: Client should be able to identify the difference between sharp / blunt and hot/cold, if the client can; treatment can go ahead, if client is unresponsive to tactile and thermal tests, treatment should not be carried out, client would not be able to feel if electrical current was too high, risks of skin damage.

Explain the treatment to the client: Treatment process, expected sensations, skin reaction, outcomes, further treatments.

Products and equipment: Anti-allergenic cleanser, toner, moisturiser and soothing face mask, correct sized probe disposable head according to manufacturer’s instructions to suit treatment needs, vacuum intensity between 3psi and 5psi according to treatment needs and manufacturer’s instructions.

Possible effects and benefits: Reduces fine lines and wrinkles, smoothes and softens skin surface, stimulates production of natural collagen, reduces flaccidity, enhances penetration of active products, improves appearance of stretch marks and scars, lightens hyper-pigmentation, increases blood and lymph flow, eliminates milia and blackheads, clears spots. Mild

Outcome 2: Be able to provide skin treatment using micro dermabrasion (continued)

UV30430 57

erythema, skin may be taut and itchy for first 48 hours, temporary dryness, slight skin shedding, temporary hypersensitivity, mild sunburn sensation for first few hours.

Working position of client and therapist: Client supine, area to be treated supported, positioned for ease of access and client comfort, avoiding awkward angles and allowing for effective treatment.

Products for skin: Anti-allergenic cleanser, toner, mask, moisturiser with SPF 25 or over, large facial sponges/towelling mitts, paper tissues, eye protection.

Equipment: Couch, client chair, therapy chair, magnifying lamp, micro dermabrasion machine, disposable heads for probe, aluminium oxide crystals (corundum), spatulas, bowls, mask brush, couch roll, towels, covers.

Treatment technique (machine and probe techniques): Probe with opening flat to the surface of the skin, firm grip, no pressure, rate, depth, direction, vacuum pressure between 3psi and 5psi according to sensitivity, condition, depth of peel and manufacturer’s instructions (sensitive, mature, thin epidermal clients, quick, light strokes, vacuum pressure low 3psi/manufacturer’s instructions to aid regeneration and elasticity of skin), skin type (sun damaged, acne, oily, seborrhoea, sluggish, combination, normal – medium rate movements, horizontally and vertically, problem areas, wrinkles, character lines) spots (vacuum pressure between 3psi and 5psi/according to manufacturer’s instructions), client comfort, regularity of treatments, aftercare.

Treatment technique (scar tissue, post-injury and post-acne): Medium

rate movements from outside edge to centre of scar, 3psi to 5psi/according to manufacturer’s instructions, regularity of treatments, aftercare.

Treatment technique (stretch marks): Low pressure – max 3psi, according to manufacturer’s instructions and client comfort, light quick strokes, from centre to outside edge, regularity of treatments. aftercare.

Treatment technique (hyper pigmentation): Chloasma, lentigo, sunspots, medium rate, max 5psi/manufacturer’s instructions, client comfort, regularity of treatments, aftercare.

Treatment technique (cellulite): Largest disposable probe head, circular movements, medium rate movements, 3psi to 5psi according to client comfort and manufacturer’s instructions, regularity of treatments, aftercare.

Response to contra-actions: Excessive erythema, blistering, swelling, excessive discomfort, bruising, blood spots (over-treatment, allergic reaction), remove product, cool compress, refer to GP, exposure to UV, pigmentation, soreness excessive erythema, swelling, home care, cool compress, medical referral, avoid facial treatments, make-up, cosmetic products, use anti-allergenic products, avoid sunlight, sun beds, use protection SPF 25 plus in normal daylight, SPF 30 in sunlight.

Client satisfaction: Objectives, client expectations, no contra-actions, questioning, listening, visual observation, non-verbal communication, eye contact, body language, future treatment needs.

Outcome 2: Be able to provide skin treatment using micro dermabrasion (continued)

UV3043058

Aftercare and home care advice: No make-up or perfumed products for 24hrs, apply healing products (such as aloe vera gel at night), use moisturiser (with sun block factor 15-30 during day), avoid sunlight/sun beds (for at least two weeks after course of treatment), avoid touching the area (always wash hands before applying products), avoid over-stimulating the area (no heat treatments/exercise/hot showers for 24hrs, no swimming or other facial treatments for 24hrs).

Skin (epidermis): Stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum), the process of keratinisation.

Skin (dermis): Structure, blood/lymph supply, papillary layer, reticular layer, collagen, elastin, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, hair, dermal papilla, sebaceous glands and sebum, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine), sensory nerve endings.

Skin (hypodermis): Structure (subcutaneous layer, adipose tissue, adipocytes).

Functions of the skin: Secretion, heat regulation, absorption, protection, elimination, sensation, vitamin D formation, melanin production.

Examples of skin diseases and disorders: Congenital - eczema, psoriasis.

Bacterial - acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, folliculitis, boils (furuncles), impetigo.

Viral - warts, verruca, herpes simplex (HSV), herpes zoster.

Fungal - tinea (pedis, corporis, ungium).

Infestations - scabies, pediculosis (capitas, pubis).

Pigmentation - vitiligo, albinism, chloasma, ephelides, lentigo, papilloma, naevae, port wine stains.

Others: Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanomas.

Growth cycle and repair of skin: From germinativum to corneum, the process of keratinisation.

Ageing process: Loss of elasticity, dryness of skin, cell regeneration slows, thinning of skin, broken capillaries, slack muscle tone, poor circulation, waste product removal slows, less fatty tissue, irregular pigmentation.

Lifestyle factors that affect skin: Occupation, diet and fluid intake, sleep patterns, smoking, exercise, hobbies, home situation, stress levels, medication, illness, premature ageing, poor skin condition, loss of muscle tone, dehydration, poor circulation, excess fatty tissue, increased cellulite, slow metabolism, cell regeneration and growth.

Environmental factors that affect skin: UV light, weather, central heating, drugs, alcohol, serious illness, medication, occupation, dry, dehydrated, premature ageing, wrinkles and loss of elasticity, slower metabolism.

UV40413Laser and light treatments for hair removal

This unit is about reducing hair growth using intense light and laser systems. You will need to have knowledge of safe working practice and controlling hazards in the salon. You will be able to identify hair and skin conditions and those clients suitable for laser and light system treatments.

To carry out this unit you will need to maintain effective health, safety and hygiene procedures throughout your work.

UV40413_v15

GLH

Credit value

Level

Observations

External paper(s)

74

10

4

3

0



UV40413

Laser and light treatments for hair removal

1. Be able to prepare for laser and light treatments

2. Be able to provide laser and light treatments








61


Achieving range



UV40413




The range section indicates what must be covered. Ranges should be practically demonstrated as part of an observation. Where this is not possible other forms of evidence may be produced. All ranges must be covered.


The following maximum service times apply to this unit:

Hair reduction approximate treatment times:

Lip 10 minutesChin 10 minutesCheeks 15 minutesUnderarm 20 minutesBikini 30 minutesHalf leg 45 minutesFull leg 75 minutesConsultation 20 minutes

The above times may vary depending on equipment used.

62

Outcome 1

Observations

You can:



Be able to prepare for laser and light treatments

a. Prepare yourself, the client and work area for laser and light treatment for hair removal


c. Carry out skin and hair analysis and any relevant tests to identify any influencing factors

d. Provide clear recommendations to the client based on outcomes of skin and hair analysis

e. Select products, tools and equipment to suit client treatment needs, hair types, skin types and conditions

f. Select personal protective equipment that should be worn by the client and therapist during laser and light treatment for hair removal

UV40413 63

Outcome 2

You can:




d. Use products, tools, equipment and techniques to suit client treatment needs

e. Adapt treatment to suit client needs and skin and hair conditions




Be able to provide laser and light treatments


UV4041364


Range


Used all the types of equipment Portfolio reference

Laser

Intense light

Considered all the specifications and variables Portfolio reference

Wavelength(s)

Optical energy

Optical power

Fluence

Pulse duration/width

Pulse delay

Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

Spot size

Cooling devices

Hand pieces/beam delivery systems/scanners

Electrical requirements


UV40413 65


Accounted for all factors in laser controlled areas Portfolio reference

Minimum reflective surfaces

Enclosed area

Suitable window coverage

Lockable entry and exit points

Adequate fire precautions and suitable services

Adequate ventilation

Signage


Questioning

Visual

Manual

Referencing to client records

Covered all types of hair colour Portfolio reference

Dark pigment

Medium pigment


UV4041366


UV40413 67


Covered all types of hair density Portfolio reference

Coarse

Fine


Underarms

Chin

Upper lip

Bikini line

Back

Legs

Chest or breast

Abdomen

UV4041368






Home care

Modification to lifestyle patterns

Hair management






UV40413 69

Knowledge

Outcome 1

Be able to prepare for laser and light treatments


g. Explain salon requirements for preparing yourself, the client and work area

h. Explain the environmental conditions suitable for laser and light treatment for hair removal

i. Explain the different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives

j. Explain the importance of carrying out a detailed skin and hair analysis and relevant tests

k. Explain how to select laser and light treatment equipment to suit client skin and hair types and conditions

l. Identify the range of equipment used for laser and light treatment for hair removal

m. Explain the contra-indications that prevent or restrict laser and light treatment for hair removal

n. Explain the required legislation for laser and light treatment and the importance of compliance with regulations


UV4041370

Outcome 2





k. Explain the importance of positioning yourself and the client correctly throughout treatment


m. Explain the principles of electrical currents and basic electricity

n. Explain the consequences of inaccurate identification of client skin type/colouring according to the Fitzpatrick scale

o. Describe how treatments can be adapted to suit client treatment needs and skin and hair conditions

p. Explain the contra-actions that may occur during and following treatments

q. Explain the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment

r. Summarise the aftercare advice that should be provided to prevent post-treatment damage

s. Explain the suitable methods of dealing with the reappearance of a skin condition between treatments

t. Explain different skin and hair types, conditions, diseases and disorders


UV40413 71




u. Explain the structure and functions of the skin

v. Explain the principles of skin healing

w. Explain the structure and function of the endocrine system and its effect on hair growth

x. Explain growth patterns and causes of hair growth

y. Explain the structure and function of circulatory and lymphatic systems


UV4041372

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for laser and light treatments

Unit content


UV40413 73

Prepare the therapist: Ensure personal appearance meets accepted industry and organisational requirements: clean professional uniform, no jewellery, hair tied back from face, sensible footwear, personal hygiene and cleanliness (shower/bath, oral hygiene) and make-up applied correctly. Always maintain the hygiene and safety procedure throughout the treatment. Wear personal protective equipment to avoid cross-infection and prevent accidental exposure to light/laser to yourself, the client and others within the controlled area, wear recommended eyewear and disposable gloves.

Prepare the client: Consultation procedure should take a minimum of 20 minutes and include: an informed consent form (signed by the client and therapist), medical history (physical and emotional conditions), doctor’s referral letter (if required), treatment details (skin classification, sun tanning history, pigmentation, skin condition on area being treated), treatment record card (date, area treated, treatment method, patch test methods, equipment settings, time and duration, treatment outcome).

Ensure that the consultation procedure is conducted in a sensitive and supportive manner (i.e. privacy, modesty, trust and confidentiality, thought for client’s wellbeing and ongoing reassurance), ensure position and posture minimises fatigue and the risk of injury to yourself and the client, actively encourage the client to ask

questions and clarify any points of which they are unsure, tactfully advise achievable outcomes of the treatment (where clients have unrealistic expectations or hair colour and types that are unsuitable for treatment), use assessment techniques (which identify the condition and skin classification of the client), explain the physical sensation created by the equipment being used, refer clients with contra-indications (suspected of requiring medical treatment) to their General Practitioner (prior to any treatment and without reference to a specific condition), clearly and tactfully explain to the client contra-indications recognised as preventing treatment, recommend alternative treatments (which are suitable for the client’s condition and needs – if contra-indicated for light/laser treatments), clearly explain and agree with the client, the projected cost, likely duration and frequency of treatment and recovery time.

Preparation of work area: Prepare the IPL/laser controlled area to meet safety, legal, hygiene and treatment requirements, ensure equipment is switched on and in standby/safety mode. Make sure that the environmental conditions are suitable for the treatment, client and practitioner (lighting, heating, ventilation and general comfort), and ensure the positioning of the client and equipment permits effective access and minimises risk to the practitioner and discomfort to the client.

Ensure security of light/laser controlled areas: Non-reflective surfaces, protective

eyewear (according to manufacturer’s instructions), enclosed area, suitable entry and exit points, adequate fire precautions and suitable services (e.g. provision for hand sanitation), waste management (e.g. sharps bin), extraction (if required), hazardous warning signs displayed on the equipment and entry/exit points or area. There should be a maximum of one IPL/laser system in operation in the controlled area at any one time, all windows should be covered with blinds/shutters (blackout curtains if necessary), no flammable materials should be stored in the controlled area.

Local rules should be displayed in the controlled area. These are written rules and procedures that must be followed when working with light systems, detailing: how to turn on/off, how to operate and maintain the equipment safely, what the hazards are, checks, who is responsible, how to prevent use by unauthorised persons and adverse incident procedures, controlled area procedures and access, personal protective equipment required.

Consultation techniques to identify treatment objectives: Communication – private comfortable area to carry out consultation, position client so no barriers between therapist and the client, positive body language, enthusiasm, professionalism, confidentiality, eye contact, open questions, listening.

Develop client profile – client lifestyle, commitment to treatment, history of hair removal methods used by client,

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for laser and light treatments (continued)

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client’s requirements and expectations of treatment. Impart to the client a brief explanation of treatment to include how the treatments works (ensure client understands results are achieved according to individual’s hair growth, for realistic goals) and how many sessions are required, appointments and frequency, re-growth, skin reaction, sensation, contra-indications, aftercare advice, consent, special precautions prior to treatment, when to refer to a dermatologist or medical practitioner (to include consultation records, patch test, before and after pictures (visual)).

Skin and hair analysis and any relevant tests to identify any influencing factors: You should not carry out a patch test until you have carried out a thorough consultation (making accurate recommendations for treatment, skin typing, Fitzpatrick’s photo scale, relevant questions regarding history of skin tanning) and the client has signed an informed consent form. Carry out patch tests according to skin types, understand and explain the reasons and procedure for patch testing (to include the procedure for the test), sensation, to record settings, skin response (i.e. depending on skin type, 24 hours for skin type (1,2,3) and 6 weeks for skin types (4,5,6), recognise adverse reactions.

The patch test should preferably be carried out in the area to be treated, as this will give the truest indication of the reactions; if this is not possible a discrete area with similar hair and skin type may be selected. The ideal outcome of the patch test is that the skin and hair will


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respond “normally” (there will be no excessive erythema, blistering, swelling or pigmentation changes). If you intend to carry out treatment on more than one area, it may be necessary to patch test on each of the proposed treatment sites (a bikini line may react differently to the face, due to the difference in hair density, skin type and amount of UV exposure).

Carry out patch tests for tactile and thermal safety tests – Client’s skin sensation too hot/cold, sharp/soft (understand and explain reasons and procedure for each). Thermal test to ascertain whether the client feels the burning sensation of heat. Tactile test is used to ascertain if the client can tell the difference between sharp and soft sensation. Visual check for contra-indications, skin conditions, any identifying skin lesions, moles.

NB. Patch test procedure should follow treatment protocol with emphasis on the importance of applying a minimum factor 30 sun block post-treatment. Know the importance of test shots and how to recognise skin reactions, determining the correct treatment parameters.

Recommendations to the client based on outcomes of skin and hair analysis: Based on the outcomes of skin and hair analyses, the therapist can accurately identify the condition and skin classification of the client, determine the suitability for treatment from the outcome of the patch, design a treatment plan for the client (tactfully advising the achievable outcome of the treatment where clients have unrealistic expectations of hair colour and types unsuitable for treatment), clearly and

tactfully explain to the client recognised contra-indications that prevent treatment, refer client with contra-indications (suspected of requiring medical treatment to their GP, prior to any treatment and without reference to a specific condition), recommend alternative treatments suitable for the client’s condition and needs (if contra-indicated for IPL/laser treatments), explain in a clear manner to the agreement of the client the projected treatment plan (to include: number of treatments required, treatment intervals, treatment cost and percentage reduction goals), ensure client wellbeing by giving ongoing support, give reassurance where necessary, explain the importance of client commitment to the treatment, and the importance of aftercare/home care advice (to ensure maximum efficiency of treatment).

Recommended treatment intervals: Hair growth patterns differ on all areas of the body and so will determine treatment interval times for the success of the hair reduction. Hair on the face is the most difficult to treat.

Face – growth patterns are at quicker intervals (i.e. anywhere between 2-4 weeks, there is a much higher percentage of hair follicles present at any one time). Hair colour may vary on the face depending on skin type (i.e. from blonde, grey, red, light brown, dark brown and black). Lighter hair is much more difficult to treat.

Body – hair growth on the body tends to lean towards a 6-8 week cycle and should be treated accordingly. The only exception to this rule is the leg area where the growth cycle tends to be a lot slower.


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After the initial two treatments on the legs of 6 weeks apart it is advisable to push your client to a treatment plan of between 9-12 weeks to achieve optimal satisfactory results for hair reduction.

NB. It is important to advise your client that at any one stage of treatment there is approximately between 10-70% of hair in the anagen phase at any given time. This is why you should advise your client to give up to 1 year and between 6-8 treatments to achieve the level of reduction required. The therapist has a responsibility to achieve maximum hair reduction result for her client by constantly monitoring ongoing reduction and adjusting her treatment times as required.

Suggested treatment plan for hair reduction – lip/chin/face (2-4 weeks), underarm/bikini (6-8 weeks), back/chest/arms (6-8 weeks), legs (initial two treatments, 6 weeks apart, extending from 9-12 weeks for subsequent treatments).

Products, tools and equipment to suit client treatment needs, hair types, skin types and condition:Products – anti-bacterial wipes, hand sanitisers, cotton wool, tissues, spatulas, disposable razors, facial cleanser, soothing aftercare, SPF 30 (minimum), disposable underwear, aprons, gloves, ultrasound-cooling gel, couch roll, towels, gowns.

Tools and equipment – recommended protective eyewear, IPL/laser equipment of hair reduction treatment, appropriate applicator/hand piece required for treatment, red marker to mark out treatment area (if required), white stickers to cover skin conditions (i.e. moles), camera (for before and after pictures),

consultation forms, aftercare forms, IPL/laser warning signs in controlled area, non-reflective surfaces in controlled area, trolley, couch, sharps bin (for disposal of razors) and bin for general waste, appropriate warning signs attached to IPL/laser equipment.

Personal protective equipment that should be worn by client and therapist during laser and light treatment for hair removal: Intense Pulsed Light and Laser emits light which has the potential to damage unprotected eyes. Both the operator and client must wear the manufacturer’s recommended eyewear (before recommencement of treatment). Overall recommended grade 5 laser protection goggles. Type of eyewear (blackout). Wavelength range (compete optical protection). IPL (Grade 5 +). Laser OD (Optical Density 4 +).

Insurance: Appropriate level of cover for treatment risk/medical malpractice/professional indemnity is strongly recommended.

Salon requirements for preparing yourself, the client and work area:Salon requirements – registration with a voluntary regulator may be required.

Fitness of premises – salon will need to appoint a laser protection advisor (who will guide the salon/clinic on layout of the controlled area i.e. room layout, window protection, safety measures, warning signs etc.), appoint a fire protection advisor (safety, use of fire extinguishers, must be CO2 (black label) extinguishers, must be inspected and certified by the fire office on an annual basis, placed near the controlled area).


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Fitness of equipment – salon/clinic must ensure that the selection of equipment meets treatment requirements and outcomes. The salon will need to appoint a GP to write up treatment protocols for correct use of equipment and these protocols need to be updated on a yearly basis. All equipment must be regularly maintained and serviced, and correct methods must be used to sterilise equipment (according to manufacturer’s instructions) to keep equipment in proper working order and safe to use on clients. The salon must ensure that systems are in place to prevent accidental exposure to the client or therapist within the controlled area, there should be a quality system in place (i.e. all paperwork should be correct), the salon/clinic should have written policies in place (i.e. health and safety policy, fire protection policy, complaints policy, policy for creating and storing confidential information according to data protection legislation).

Fitness of persons – the salon/clinic is responsible for providing suitable staff to carry out services offered. It is the salon’s/clinic’s responsibility to ensure that all staff have relevant training and qualifications in order to carry out the services provided and that all staff are insured to carry out services provided.

Therapist’s responsibilities – work in accordance with the salon/clinic policies and procedures, carry out proper client care pre-/post-treatment, ensure all paper work completed/signed by client and therapist at each treatment, follow health, hygiene and safety procedures at all times, respect and uphold client’s privacy, confidentiality according to the data protection act, be honest in all

dealings with clients, work colleagues, and respectful of working environment.

Preparation of treatment area – the preparation of light/laser ‘controlled area’ must meet safety, legal, hygiene and treatment requirements in addition to normal health and safety standards.

The area must meet the following criteria – the room should be dedicated to light treatments only, only authorised personnel should have access, there should be no more than one IPL/laser operating in a room at the same time, all equipment should have identifying labels on them (indicating their wavelengths and maximum output power radiation emitted), warning signs must be displayed on equipment and on/over the outside of doors to the controlled area. On or over these doors there must be a red light that is switched on when the IPL/laser is in use, protective eyewear must be worn by everyone in the controlled area. These must be to the required standard of the manufacturer’s of equipment selected.

Recommended eyewear for IPL – Grade 5 + for operator and client.

Recommended eyewear for laser – OD (Optical Density) superior to 4+ for operator and total block for client. Light speed shutters may be used providing they are of the standard required for equipment being used, windows must be covered by blinds/shutters during treatment, if foot pedal is used for application of treatment this must be covered, doors to the controlled area should be lockable or interlocked, no flammable materials in the controlled area, proper fire protection in place near the controlled area, local rules should be displayed near the light source,


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read and signed by all operators (local rules are the written rules and procedures that must be followed when working with light systems in the salon/clinic), equipment procedures (how to turn on/off operate safely and maintain the equipment), safety (the hazards, checks, who is responsible, how to prevent use by unauthorised persons and adverse incident procedures), controlled area procedures and access, the personal protective equipment required.

Environmental conditions suitable for laser and light treatment for hair removal:Lighting – must be suitable and sufficient to enable treatments to be carried out. Windows should have blinds/shutters in the controlled area.

Heating – the temperature in the work place should provide reasonable comfort at least 16oC. To maintain a comfortable temperature, heating or cooling may be used. In extremely hot weather, fans or increased ventilation would be an option.

Ventilation – ventilation must be effective with sufficient quantities of purified air particularly in an enclosed workspace. Windows may provide sufficient ventilation but mechanical methods may be used when appropriate and regularly cleaned tested and maintained. In the case of laser equipment being used, proper extraction must be. When using IPL equipment ensure that the manufacturers recommended gap is observed at the rear of machine. This allows air to circulate freely and protects the mains lead from excessive bending.

General comfort – the size of the workplace must provide sufficient room to allow employees to work in a safe and healthy manner. Workstations should allow ease of movement so that all tasks may be carried out safely and comfortably. The workplace should be kept clean and waste materials should be kept in enclosed bins and disposed of according to health and safety protocols.

Different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives: Building a client profile (expectations of treatment and treatment plan). Consultation should be a minimum of 20 minutes to include correct procedure and protocol (i.e. medical history form, patch test consent form – to include test shots on the treatment area, pre- and post-care advice form, doctors note if necessary). Test shots determine the treatment parameters, client comfort level, adverse/normal skin reaction.

Photographs before and after – visual (record of treatment, record of condition of skin/skin conditions present).

Carrying out a detailed skin and hair analysis and relevant tests: Enables the therapist to: identify the condition and skin classification of the client, assess the outcome of the patch test as necessary, determine the suitability for treatment, assess the skin and client response to determine suitable reactions and avoid adverse reactions, adjust variables as necessary (whilst monitoring skin/client response and discontinuing treatment, where adverse reactions occur), and explain the physical sensation created by the IPL/laser equipment being used.


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Patch test procedure – apply a small number of shots to the treatment area or area with similar hair and skin type, record settings, wait for skin response (i.e. 24 hours for skin types 1, 2, and 3, and 4 weeks for skin types 4, 5, and 6), recognise normal/adverse reactions.

Range of equipment used for laser and light treatment for hair removal: Laser (i.e. laser diode, alexandrite, ruby), broadband spectrum systems (i.e. Intense Pulsed Light and Light Heat Energy).

Contra-indications that prevent or restrict laser and light treatment for hair removal: Epilepsy (flashing of light could bring on a fit), hepatitis, long term diabetes (client skin more sensitive to IPL/laser treatment and could result in severe bruising), haemophilia (bleeding disorder), clients taking anti-coagulant medication (aspirin, warfarin, phenediene, hapazin), clients sensitive to light within the range of 500nm–900nm, clients with keloid scarring, skin cancers, pregnancy (this alters the hormones and therefore could affect hair growth/pigmentation – client could be treated 3-4 months after childbirth), pigmentation problems (vitiligo, molasma moles, pigmented naevi moles), clients taking photosensitising medication (including drugs or medication that cause skin thinning effects), cardiovascular conditions (thrombosis, phlebitis, hyper tension, hypo tension, heart conditions), connective tissue disorders (scleroderma), tattoos, permanent and semi-permanent make-up, herbal supplements that cause photo sensitisation (i.e. St John’s Wort), beta carotene, sunburn, suntanned skin at time of treatment, artificial tan until

the product has worn off (approx’ 7-10 days before treatment), pace maker/defibrillators, metal pins/plates, fever, contagious or infectious diseases, herpes/skin diseases, loss of skin sensitivity (test with tactile and thermal methods), cuts/bruises/abrasions, undiagnosed lumps and bumps, allergies to products or materials used, under the influence of drugs or alcohol, gold injections, fillers, botox.

Contra-indications requiring medical referral or the client to indemnify their condition in writing prior to treatment: Medical oedema, osteoporosis, diabetes, asthma, arthritis, acute rheumatism, bells palsy, inflamed/trapped pinched nerve, any condition already being treated by GP/Dermatologist.

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flammable materials are allowed in the controlled area; do not attempt to operate the equipment if the applicator is not connected; the applicator has a dedicated holder to avoid damage to the applicator; always ensure the crystal of the applicator is cleaned regularly, the system should not be used if there are excessive amounts of gel on the surface; the fluids used to clean the applicator should be non-corrosive/non-alcohol products.

Fire precautions – only the recommended gels are to be placed between the applicator and the target skin; always use the equipment on the target skin area only; never use the equipment on anything other than the target skin area; do not use the equipment in presence of flammable anaesthetics; do not use flammable chemicals to clean the equipment or its applicators; use a covered foot pedal.

Operator related precautions – never treat bare skin; always ensure eye protective goggles are worn by the client and therapist when carrying out a treatment; always sanitise equipment and applicators before and after treatment; maintain hygiene and safety throughout hair removal treatments; sanitise hands and use disposable gloves pre-/during treatment; ensure the applicator is in full contact with the treatment area and pressure is applied; dispose of sharps/waste to meet legal and organisational requirements; do not use the system if there is any obvious damage to the applicator or the main unit, instead disconnect the system and call for an engineer; wear recommended eyewear (therapist and client must wear protective eyewear to ensure eyes are protected from exposure to IPL/laser light to avoid damage

Outcome 2: Be able to provide laser and light treatments

Communicate and behave in a professional manner: Positive body language, eye contact, good communication skills, open questions, enthusiastic, friendly, confident and knowledgeable, punctual, client loyalty and confidentiality, respectful of colleagues, clients and work environment, adhere to salon etiquette regarding health and hygiene practices.

Health and safety: Ensure that the light/laser controlled area is set up to meet legal and safety requirements; ensure that the equipment selected meets treatment requirements and outcomes; check that the treatment settings are correct to carry out the treatment and ensure systems are in place to prevent accidental damage to client, therapist and other people in the controlled areas; check that the equipment is safe and working correctly; follow manufacturer’s and organisational instructions for the start up and shut down of equipment.

General safety protocols Equipment use – there should be no more than one IPL system or laser source operating in a room at the same time; the room should be dedicated to light treatments only, and only trained personnel authorised to use equipment should have access; do not operate the equipment if a safety problem is known to exist; warning signs must be displayed on equipment and on the outside of doors to controlled areas; protective eyewear is to be worn by everyone in the controlled area; windows must be covered by blinds or shutters; surfaces should be non-reflective; doors should be lockable or interlocked; no

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Outcome 2: Be able to provide laser and light treatments (continued)

to eyes (health and safety requirement)); wear disposable gloves, masks, use spatulas (to maintain hygiene standards during treatment and prevent cross infection occurring).

Use the red/white pen (if required) to help mark out the treatment area as these colours will reflect light and will not cause any surface reaction or burns – using a darker pen to mark out areas will always result in burning the skin and should never be used. Use a white sticker or cotton to cover any skin conditions present at the time of treatment (e.g. moles) – white will always reflect the light away from the area.

Position client and therapist correctly throughout the treatment: Ensure the positioning of the client and equipment permits effective access and minimises the risk to the practitioner and discomfort to the client; ensure your position and posture whilst working minimises fatigue and risk of injury to yourself and the client; ensure the hand piece/applicator is used at the correct angle and pressure according to treatment protocols and client comfort (stretching and manipulating the skin where necessary – according to treatment); maintain client modesty and privacy throughout the treatment.

Products, tools, equipment and techniques to suit client treatment needs:Products – products for carrying out hair reduction treatment (pre-cooling gel, disposable razors), products used on the skin during hair reduction treatment (hand sanitisers, facial cleanser (if required)), soothing aftercare, SPF factor 30

(minimum), products for equipment (anti-bacterial wipes (non alcoholic)) for cleaning the machine and applicators before and after treatment), de-ionised water (if using water cooling systems).

Tools – recommended protective eye wear, disposable gloves, underwear, aprons, masks, spatulas.

Equipment – ensure the selection of appropriate IPL/laser equipment meets the treatment requirements and outcomes, ensure the equipment settings, specifications and variables are correct to carry out the treatment, ensure that the correct applicator is chosen for the hair reduction treatment. Use a magnifying lamp (for accessing the area to be treated, and ensuring all surface hair has being removed), sharps bin (for disposal of used razors after treatment – the disposal of sharps and waste to meet legal and organisational requirements), couch/trolley for positioning client and storage of tools/products for use in treatment, camera (before and after pictures – to provide a record of growth prior to treatment and to allow the therapist and client to monitor the treatment progress, accurately record the condition of the skin, avoid any misunderstandings after the treatment, and record and monitor any adverse reactions).

Treatment safety – use pre-cooling gel prior to treatment; apply pressure on the skin during treatment; possible to use two passes during treatment depending on skin type (1, 2 and 3 with caution, never on higher skin types 4, 5 and 6); overlapping technique should apply during treatment (approx 10%); if skin is sensitive (when treating facial area for hair reduction) apply a layer of gel to area and shave, than

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ensure the area is hair free and shave if necessary (if blood spotting occurs, remove gloves, wash hands, re-apply sanitiser and apply fresh gloves).

During treatment – apply ultrasound gel with spatula (dispose of spatula), give client goggles and apply your own (it is essential that if a chaperone is in the room, they also wear goggles), check settings and carry out one shot, assess client reaction and decide whether energy levels need increasing. If there is little sensation or erythema it is possible to put the machine up 1 joule and re-test, this may be performed again to access the client tolerance. NB. At no time should the client feel unduly uncomfortable.

Post-treatment – on completion of treatment, clean the applicator head and place the applicator back in the holder, switch off machine, remove the ultrasound gel, apply the aftercare lotion to soothe the areas just treated (aloe vera, antiseptic cream), apply SPF factor 60 to exposed areas (e.g. facial areas), remove and dispose of gloves, give aftercare advice, get client to sign form and keep this with the records, give client their part of the home care advice form, if happy with patch test, book treatment for 24 hours (skin type 1, 2, 3) or 4 weeks (skin types 4, 5, 6), fill in treatment record card.

Adapt treatments to suit client needs and skin and hair conditions: Correct skin/hair typing according to Fitzpatrick’s ‘photo’ scale, set equipment according to skin/hair types, work to individual growth patterns (face is treated at different intervals to body areas), monitor each treatment and change treatment timings as hair growth diminishes, change treatment

remove excess gel, cleanse area, apply fresh gel to area and treat; don’t direct light into any open orifices e.g. eyes, nostrils, ears, mouth) plug with damp cotton as a precaution if necessary; in case of braces/fillings place damp cotton wool over area (i.e. in the mouth) to reduce sensitivity when treating.

NB. It is recommended to shave large areas like legs and backs 24 hours prior to treatment in case of contra-action. It is advisable to fire a safety shot in the direction of the ground from your applicator prior to treatment to ensure that all air bubbles are cleared from the applicator. It is advisable not to apply any pre-epilation cleanser or alcohol based product prior to treatment, as this will cause an adverse reaction and heighten the risk of burning to the skin. If you need to use cleanser for any area to remove surface oils, make-up or deodorant residue it is important to cleanse the area with damp cotton directly before and after treatment.

Recommended treatment procedure (first treatment): Pre-treatment – greet client, ask them to slip off shoes and lie on a semi-reclining couch, cover client’s feet with couch roll and place a towel across client’s chest, complete client’s consultation and consent forms (Doctor’s note if required), excuse yourself and wash your hands, choose appropriate application head required for treatment, clean application head and goggles, wipe hands with sanitiser, apply disposable gloves, prepare client’s skin for treatment (cleanse and tone if wearing make-up for a facial area, wipe over with damp cotton wool, cleanse all other areas with damp cotton wool, blot with tissue),

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and complete, protect client privacy by safely and securely storing information in accordance with data protection legislation.

Record and evaluate the results of the treatment: Treatment can only begin following consultation, completion of record card, informed consent and a normal patch test response. Details of the treatment should be accurately recorded on the client record card to include: date, time of treatment, area treated, skin type, energy settings noted, skin response immediately after treatment, therapist’s signature, and client’s signature.

Any medical changes should be noted and signed, information should be clearly and accurately written up, updated at the end of each treatment and signed, treatment should be monitored to determine percentage of hair reduction achieved at each treatment to determine future treatment interval timings (if a good/significant reduction is seen then treatment intervals may need to be revised, e.g. instead of treating an area every 6 weeks the therapist can extend to 8 weeks for maximum result, for higher client satisfaction in both treatment and economic outcomes). Any changes to the skin or hair condition or poor results should be noted and recorded so the therapist can adapt the treatment to get better results or discontinue treatment if necessary. Record and monitor any adverse reactions, take before and after pictures (photo evidence of condition of skin and hair at time of treatment).

Should you have a client with hormonal problems (i.e. polycystic ovarian syndrome), you will have to advise her that the treatment will be successful after

times if results are not being achieved, stop treatment if desired result is not forthcoming (i.e. doesn’t work on 1 in 20 people, client has to have a realistic expectation of success of treatment – never can say 100% hair removal due to dormant follicles in the body which can be activated at any time due to hormonal changes or if taking medication). After course of treatments is complete it is recommended to have 1 follow up treatment per year as dormant follicles may appear at any time (this will always depend on the individual).

Complete the treatment to the satisfaction of the client: Ensure the treatment is carried out within an acceptable time frame (be punctual at all times and aim to carry out appointments to the specified time the client has booked), check the clients wellbeing and give ongoing reassurance where necessary, ensure your client wears protective eyewear at all times, ensure all jewellery is removed from client and therapist before treatment, continuously assess the skin and client response to determine suitable reactions and avoid an adverse reaction, where necessary stretch or manipulate the skin according to treatment protocols, ensure the applicator is used at the correct angle and pressure to suit the client’s comfort and used according to treatment protocols, maintain health and hygiene when carrying out the treatment, give accurate follow up, home care/aftercare advice at completion of treatment, ensure the treated area is cooled and soothed during and after treatment, ensure client records are up-to-date, legible

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Verbally – after each treatment is carried out.

Written – an aftercare leaflet to be given to client to take away with them (signed by client and therapist).

Cooling gel – water-based gels are applied to the skin pre-treatment, and if necessary after treatment. The gel cools the skin by evaporation.

Cold air or cryogen spray – cold air is generated and directed onto the treatment, either by the laser operator or occasionally the client is asked to direct the air if they feel discomfort both pre- and post-treatment. This method means that the cool air can be precisely directed to the required area. Cryogen cooling is built into some laser systems which use a cryogen spray, timed to be delivered just prior to a laser pulse.

Simultaneous contact cooling – this system is available on lasers which operate through a scanner (a device which speeds up treatment time by allowing a series of laser pulses to be emitted in quick succession and in a controlled area of approximately 3x3 cm2). The laser beam is emitted through a sapphire (glass) window, which provides a vehicle for cooled water. This facilitates easy pre- and post-treatment cooling as well as simultaneous cooling with the lasing.

Ice packs – cooling with ice packs is an economical method. Ice packs can be applied to the treatment area, pre- and post-treatment, but cannot be used simultaneously with the lasing. Great care should be taken not to apply ice packs directly to the skin as this could cause an ‘ice burn’, they should instead be wrapped

approximately 8 treatments to achieve a manageable reduction but she will require ongoing maintenance. This maintenance interval is individual depending on the level of hormone activity and can be anywhere between 8-12 weeks depending on the severity of the problem.

Once you have achieved a satisfactory level of hair reduction for your client, you should advise them that they may require maintenance of approximately 1-2 sessions a year due to the growth of dormant follicles. It is possible for dormant follicles to become present at any time, however this is usually due to a hormonal issue (i.e. menopause or increased/new medication taken by the client). You can recognise dormant follicles as they are usually present as finer hair.

Aftercare advice: Ensuring the treated area is cooled and soothed using suitable cooling methods, taking pre-/post-treatment photographs according to organisational requirements, ensure aftercare and recommendations are accurate, constructive and based upon up-to-date knowledge of the treatment and products available, ensure client and equipment records are accurate, legible and complete, ensure the IPL/laser controlled area is left in a clean, safe and tidy condition, give the client accurate information on complementary services, home care products and the recovery process and likely duration. Because the treatment puts light energy into the skin it is important to advise your client not to do anything that will add to the sensation of heat or irritate the area. You must stress to your client the importance of post-treatment care.

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in a disposable thin covering such as a couch roll.

Aftercare advice post IPL/laser treatment: Use soothing gels, damp cotton pads or aloe vera to cool the area if the hot sensation or feeling of warmth remains after treatment; avoid sun exposure in the treatment area and always wear a high factor sun protection cream (SPF 30 minimum) after and between treatments; stop using sun beds and fake tanning products in the treatment area (fake tan can be applied 48 hours after treatment. However, before the next treatment is carried out fake tan should not be applied a minimum of 10 days prior to treatment); stop waxing, plucking or using any other form of epilation in the treatment area (IPL and laser require hair to be in the follicle during treatment); keep the area free from deodorants, make-up, aromatherapy oils or perfumed products for 24 hours; avoid hot baths, showers or heat treatments (sauna, steam rooms, heavily chlorinated swimming pools and hot tubs) for 24 hours; avoid vigorous exercise for 12-24 hours; do not put ice directly onto the skin’s surface or a freezer burn may occur; wear loose clothing to avoid friction on treated areas such as bikini-line, legs, arms, chest, abdomen etc; contact the clinic or salon if excessive blistering, crusting or swelling in the treatment area is experienced.

Principles of electrical currents and basic electricity: Measurement of electricity (volts, watts, amperes, ohms and ohms law and the relevance), fuses (how to identify correct fuses used with electrical appliances, 3 amp – appliances up to 700 watts, 5 amp – appliances between 750-

1000 watts, 13 amp fuses – appliances between 1000-1300 watts), resistor, switch, capacitor or condenser, potentiometer, rectifier, circuit bracer, types of currents used in beauty therapy, direct, alternating, function of a transformer, protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleolus, functions, correct wiring of a plug.

Consequences of inaccurate identification of client skin type/colouring according to Fitzpatrick scale: Inaccurate identification of correct skin type will result with the client being treated with the wrong treatment settings. The consequences of which are the following: burns, blistering, hyper pigmentation, hypo pigmentation, scarring, ineffective treatment, physiological damage.

Describe how treatments can be adapted to suit client treatment needs and skin and hair conditions: When working with IPL/laser systems for hair reduction it is important for the therapist to impart to the client that the success of the treatment depends not on the operation of the machine itself but of each person’s individual hair growth cycle. Therefore the treatment plan needs to be adaptable in order to maximise the results and client satisfaction.The therapist must identify skin/hair type according to Fitzpatrick’s ‘photo’ scale in order to set equipment to the correct level required for treatment (incorrect skin/hair typing will result in goals not being achieved for client). The therapist must work closely with the client and monitor the reduction of growth achieved at each treatment. As hair growth diminishes it is important to extend the time intervals

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between treatments in order to try and catch the hair in the active stage of growth (i.e. anagen).

N.B. At any one time there is between 10-70% of activity. When carrying out a treatment ensure that the treatment pressure is uniform over each area. If a client is getting a poor result on one side of the body compared to the other, the therapist may have to treat each area at different intervals. If getting a poor result even after changing and adapting the treatment, stop the treatment (1/20 people do not get a result). The therapist and client must be aware that 100% reduction is impossible due to dormant follicles in the body which can be activated at any time due to hormonal changes or taking medication. Medical changes must be checked at each treatment as this will impact on how the treatment is going to be carried out. If the client is taking medication, the treatment may need to be deferred until medication is finished (medication can cause hormonal or pigmentation changes in the hair/skin). Due to the presence of dormant follicles a top-up treatment 1-2 times annually will be required to monitor results after a course of treatment is completed.

Contra-actions that may occur during and following treatments: Understanding the principles and practice of hair removal – (i.e. target for treatment, melanin in the follicle and on the epidermis making the skin sensitive to exposure from IPL/laser systems). Successful treatment relies on raising the temperature of the hair follicle high enough and long enough to disturb the hair cycle. This means that we need a balance

between the heat in the treated hair follicle and in the absorbing skin layers TRT (Thermal Relaxation Time). Understanding the type of hair/skin combination that is ideally suited to these treatments (i.e. dark/light skin). The hair will strongly absorb the light compared to the skin, making the skin less susceptible to heat damage.

Possible contra-actions – excessive redness of the skin (erythema), excessive localised swelling (perifollicular oedema), excessive urticarial reactions (e.g. cold sores/herpes), blistering (may be only temporary but indicates treatment settings are not appropriate), long-term complications (e.g. hyper-pigmentation or hypo-pigmentation (tan skin being at greater risk of pigment changes), scarring (rare but clients must be warned of the risks).

Methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment: Visual – visible reduction of hair in the treatment area.

Practical – ensuring that treatment settings are set accordingly to ensure maximum effectiveness of treatment (lowering an energy level will get a slower result), client satisfaction.

Suitable methods of dealing with reappearance of skin condition between treatments: If a skin condition continuously reappears between hair reduction treatments, then there is some underlying cause for this. The client may have become contra-indicated, stop treatment and refer client to a doctor/dermatologist for further examination.

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Skin:Skin types and recognition factors – dry, oily, sensitive, dehydrated, mature.


Dry skin – flaky rough texture, thin epidermis, sensitivity, dull complexion, fine lines, tight skin.

Oily skin – coarse texture, open pores, thick epidermis, shiny appearance, sallow colouring, blemishes may be present.

Combination skin – coarse texture, open pores, shiny appearance, tendency to blemish.

Sensitive skin – fine texture, thin epidermis, red appearance, reacts to heat and abrasion, possible capillary damage (split capillaries).



Epidermis skin – structure (stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, process of keratinisation).

Dermis skin – structure, blood/lymph supply, papillary layer, reticular layer, collagen, elastin, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, hair, dermal papilla, sebaceous glands and sebum, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine), sensory nerve endings.

Hypodermis skin – structure (subcutaneous layer, adipose tissue, adipocytes).

Skin functions – secretion, heat regulation, absorption, protection, elimination, sensation, vitamin D formation, melanin production, acid mantle formation.

Diseases and disorders of the skin:Allergy – dermatitis, urticaria.

Bacterial – impetigo, furuncle, carbuncle.

Fungal – tinea (capitis, corporis, sycosis, favosa, unguium, pedis).

Hypertrophies – keratoma, mole, polyps, seborrhoeic warts, skin tags, verruca, xanthoma.

Infestations – pediculosis, scabies.

Inflammations – eczema, psoriasis.

Pigmentations – albinism, broken capillaries, chloasma, erythema, lentigo, leucoderma, liver spots, naevus (portwine/strawberry), vitiligo.

Sebaceous glands – acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, comedones, cysts, furuncle, milia, seborrhoea, steatoma, steatosis.

Skin cancers – basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, tumour. Sudoriferous glands (anhidrosis, bromidrosis/osmidrosis, hyperhidrosis, miliaria rubra).

Viral – herpes simplex/herpes zoster, warts, verrucas.

Lesions – bulla, crust, fissure, macule, papule, pustule, scale, tubercle, tumour, ulcer, vesicle, wheal.

Hair:Hair structure – arrector pili muscle, hair

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follicle, inner root sheath (Henle’s layer, Huxley’s layer, cuticle layer), outer root sheath, vitreous membrane, connective tissue sheath, root (bulb/matrix, dermal papilla), sebaceous gland, shaft (medulla, cortex, cuticle).

Hair growth cycle – anagen, catagen, telogen.

Hair functions – insulation and protection.

Diseases and disorders of the hair – signs and causes of asteatosis, canities, discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), fragilitis crinium, hypertrichosis, keloids, monilithrix, ringed hair, trichoptilosis, trichorrehexis nodosa, scalp (pityriasis capitis simplex, pityriasis capitis, steatoids, seborrhea oleosa), fungal (tinea favosa, tinea capitis, tinea sycosis), parasite (scabies, pediculosis capitis), bacterial (furuncle, carbuncle, stye), alopecia (androgenetic, adnata, areata, follicularis, premature, senilis, totalis, universalis, traction/traumatic, postpartum, telogen effluven).

Growth patterns and causes of hair growth – factors which effect hair growth (congenital, topical, drugs/medication, systemic, stress, anorexia, polycystic ovaries, hirsutism). Previous hair removal methods and their effects on hair growth to include: shaving, plucking, waxing, depilatory creams, electrolysis (short-wave and blend).

Endocrine system:Structure and function of the endocrine system – responsible for the secretion of hormones, pituitary gland, pineal gland, gonads (the sex glands), adrenal glands, thyroid gland, para-thyroid glands, pancreas gland, thymus gland.

Other glands – sweat or sudodiferous glands, cerouminous or wax producing glands, pancreas.

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary – somatotrophin (growth hormone), thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), adreno-cortico tropic hormone (acth), gonado tropic hormone (gth), (fsh) follicle stimulating hormone, (lh) luteinising hormone, prolactin.

Hormones secreted by the posterior lobe – vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone ADH), oxytocin.

Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland – thyroxine and triidothyronine, calcitonin.

Hormones secreted by the parathyroid glands – parathormone.

Hormones secreted by the pancreas – insulin, glucagon.

Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla – adrenalin, noradrenalin.

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex – andrenocortical, adrenocorticotrophic (steroid hormones), mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadotrophic.

The gonads (sex glands) – ovaries (oestrogen, progesterone), testes (testosterone).

Circulatory system:Heart structure – heart wall (endocardium, myocardium, pericardium), aorta, atria, bicuspid (mitral) valve, chordae tendineae, inferior and superior vena cava, papillary muscles, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary), septum, tricuspid valve, ventricles.

Functions of cardiovascular system –

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transport, defence, clotting, regulation and homeostasis.

Blood vessels – structure and function (arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries).

Circuits – structure and function (pulmonary circulation, portal circulation, coronary circulation, systemic circulation).

Major arteries of the head and neck – carotid, facial, occipital, temporal.

Major veins of the head and neck – jugular, occipital, temporal, maxillary, facial.

Major arteries of the body – aorta, descending aorta, subclavian, carotid, pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, mesenteric, iliac, vertebral, auxiliary, brachial, ulnar, radial, palmar arch, femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, plantar arch.

Major veins of the body – vena cava (inferior and superior), pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, iliac, axiliary, brachial, basilic, cephalic, subclavian, saphenous (long and short), venous arch, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, anterior tibial.

Composition of blood – plasma, leucocytes (granulocytes and agranulocytes), erythrocytes, thrombocytes.

Lymphatic system:Functions of the lymphatic system – subsidiary circulation (lymph formation), immunity, return of lost plasma proteins to the blood, transport dietary lipids.

Lymphatic components – structure and function, lymph, lymph capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts (thoracic and right lymphatic duct), subclavian veins.

Lymphatic nodes – location of auxiliary, cervical (superficial and deep), inguinal, intestinal, occipital, popliteal, post-auricular, pre-auricular (parotid), supratrochlear.

Other lymphoid tissue – structure, location and function (appendix, peyers patches, spleen, tonsils, thymus).

Principles of skin healing: Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process of restoration of skin cell structures and tissue layers.

Wound healing – bleeding generally follows a tissue injury via an incision. The cascade of vasoconstriction and coagulation begins with clotted blood immediately impregnating the wound, leading to hemostasis, and after dehydration a scab forms. An influx of inflammatory cells follows, with the release of cellular substances and mediators. Angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels) and re-epithelization occurs and the deposition of new cellular and extra cellular components ensues.

Phases of skin healing – inflammatory phase (occurs immediately following the injury and lasts approximately 6 days), fibroblastic phase (occurs at the termination of the inflammatory phase and can last up to 4 weeks), scar maturation phase (begins at the 4th week and can last for years).

Factors which interfere with wound healing/trauma – initial or repetitive, scalds and burns (both physical and chemical), animal bites or insect stings, pressure, vascular compromise, arterial, venous or mixed, immunodeficiency, malignancy, connective tissue disorders, nutritional deficiencies, psychosocial


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disorders, adverse effects of medications.

In relation to IPL/laser treatments for hair reduction an underpinning knowledge of light tissue interaction and light according to the electromagnetic radiation is necessary.Light Tissue Interaction and its effects on skin and eyes – reflection, transmit ion, scattering, absorption, elective photothermolysis, thermal relaxation time, haemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin.

Light according to the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) – the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, the types of light used by lasers and Intense Pulsed Light, the wavelengths and depth of penetration, photons, joules, pulse repetition rate, pulse duration, fluence, the size of the treatment beam (spot size).

UV40414Laser and light treatments for skin rejuvenation

This unit is about using intense light and laser systems for photo-rejuvenation of the skin.The knowledge and skills gained in this unit include preparing for and providing laser and intense pulsed light treatment to treat skin imperfections including telangiectasia, spider naevi blood spots, fine lines, photo ageing, uneven pigmentation, colour and texture on the face, neck, chest, hands and other body areas with lesions suitable for treatment.

You will need to have knowledge of safe working practice and controlling hazards in the salon. You will be able to identify skin conditions and those clients suitable for intense light and laser system treatments.

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GLH

Credit value

Level

Observations

External paper(s)

74

10

4

3

0



UV40414

Laser and light treatments for skin rejuvenation

1. Be able to prepare for skin rejuvenation treatment

2. Be able to provide laser and light treatment for skin rejuvenation








93


Achieving range



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94

Outcome 1

Observations

You can:



Be able to prepare for skin rejuvenation treatment

a. Prepare yourself, the client and work area for laser or light treatment for skin rejuvenation


c. Carry out skin analysis and any relevant tests to identify any influencing factors

d. Provide clear recommendations to the client based on outcomes of skin analysis

e. Select products, tools and equipment to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

f. Select personal protective equipment that should be worn by the client and therapist during laser and intense pulsed light treatments

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Outcome 2

You can:


b. Position yourself and the client correctly throughout the treatment

c. Use products, tools, equipment and techniques to suit client treatment needs

d. Follow health and safety working practices

e. Adapt treatment to suit client needs and skin conditions




Be able to provide laser and light treatment for skin rejuvenation


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Range


Used a mimum of 1 of the 2 types of equipment Portfolio reference

Laser

Intense light

Covered all specifications and variables Portfolio reference

Wavelength(s)

Optical energy

Optical power

Fluence

Pulse duration/width

Pulse delay

Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

Spot size

Cooling devices

Hand-pieces/beam delivery systems/scanners

Electrical requirements


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Ensured that laser controlled areas have Portfolio reference

Minimum reflective surfaces

Enclosed area

Suitable window coverage

Lockable entry and exit points

Adequate fire precautions and suitable services

Adequate ventilation

Signage


Questioning

Visual

Manual

Referencing to client records


Face

Neck

Chest

Hands

Other body areas that have suitable lesions for treatment


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Met all the treatment objectives Portfolio reference

Reduction of fine lines

Evening out of pigmentation, colour tone and texture

Reduction of superficial telangiectasia, spider naevi and Campbell De Morgan spots (blood spots)

Improving the appearance of photoaged skin

Given all the types of advice Portfolio reference


Future treatment needs Campbell De Morgan spots

Home care

Modifications to lifestyle patterns

Skin recovery time


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Knowledge

Outcome 1

Be able to prepare for skin rejuvenation treatment


g. Explain salon requirements for preparing yourself, the client and work area

h. Explain the environmental conditions suitable for laser and light treatments for skin rejuvenation

i. Explain the different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives

j. Explain the importance of carrying out a detailed skin analysis and relevant tests

k. Explain how to select laser or intense pulsed light equipment to suit client skin types and conditions

l. Identify the range of equipment used for laser and intense pulsed light treatment for skin rejuvenation

m. Explain the contra-indications that prevent or restrict advanced laser or intense pulsed light treatment for skin rejuvenation

n. Explain the required legislation for laser and intense pulsed light treatments and the importance of compliance with regulations


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Outcome 2





k. Explain the importance of positioning yourself and the client correctly throughout treatment


m. Explain how to work on different treatment areas

n. Explain the consequences of inaccurate identification of client skin type/colouring according to the Fitzpatrick scale

o. Describe how treatments can be adapted to suit client treatment needs and skin conditions

p. Explain the contra-actions that may occur during and following treatments

q. Explain the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment

r. Summarise the aftercare advice that should be provided to prevent post-treatment damage

s. Explain the suitable methods of dealing with the reappearance of skin conditions between treatments


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t. Explain the effects and benefits of laser or intense pulsed light on the skin and underlying tissues

u. Explain different skin types, conditions, diseases and disorders

v. Explain the structure and functions of the skin

w. Explain the principles of skin healing

x. Explain how natural ageing, lifestyle and environmental factors affect the condition of the skin and underlying structures

y. Explain the structure and function of the endocrine system and its effect on skin conditions

z. Explain the structure and function of circulatory and lymphatic systems


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of injury to yourself and the client); actively encourage the client to ask questions and clarify any points of which they are unsure; tactfully advise achievable outcomes of the treatment where clients have unrealistic expectations or hair colour and types that are unsuitable for treatment; use assessment techniques which identify the condition and skin classification of the client; explain the physical sensation created by the equipment being used; refer clients with contra-indications which are suspected of requiring medical treatment to their general practitioner, prior to any treatment and without reference to a specific condition; clearly and tactfully explain to the client recognised contra-indications which prevent treatment; recommend alternative treatments which are suitable for the client’s condition and needs if contra-indicated for light/laser treatments; clearly explain and agree with the client, the projected cost, likely duration and frequency of treatment and recovery time.

Preparation of work area: Prepare the IPL/laser controlled area to meet safety, legal, hygiene and treatment requirements, ensure equipment is switched on and in standby/safety mode, make sure that the environmental conditions are suitable for the treatment, client and practitioner (lighting, heating, ventilation and general comfort), ensure that positioning of the client and equipment permits effective access, minimising the risk to the

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for laser and light treatments

Unit content


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Prepare the therapist: Ensure personal appearance meets accepted industry and organisational requirements. Clean professional uniform, no jewellery, hair tied back from face, sensible footwear, personal hygiene and cleanliness (shower/bath), oral hygiene, and make-up applied correctly. Always maintain the hygiene and safety procedure throughout the treatment. Wear personal protective equipment to avoid cross infection and prevent accidental exposure to light/laser to yourself, the client and others within the controlled area, e.g. recommended eyewear, disposable gloves.

Prepare the client: Consultation procedure should take a minimum of 20 minutes and should include an informed consent form (signed by client and therapist), medical history (physical and emotional conditions), doctor’s referral letter (if required), treatment details (skin classification, sun tanning history, pigmentation, skin condition on area being treated, and a treatment record card (date, area treated, treatment method, patch test methods, equipment settings, time and duration, treatment outcome).

Ensure that the consultation procedure is conducted in a sensitive and supportive manner (i.e. privacy, modesty, trust and confidentiality); check the client’s wellbeing and give ongoing reassurance where necessary, ensuring position and posture whilst working (minimises fatigue and risk


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• PPE (Personal Protective Equipment).

Consultation techniques to identify treatment objectives: Communication – private comfortable area to carry out consultation, positioning of the client (no barriers between the therapist and client), positive body language, eye contact, enthusiasm, act in a professional manner, keep confidentiality, open questions, listening.

Develop client profile – client lifestyle, commitment to treatment, skin rejuvenation methods used by client, client’s requirements and expectations of treatment. Impart to the client a brief explanation of the treatment to include: how the treatment works (this gives realistic goals), how many sessions are required, appointments and frequency, re-growth, skin reaction, sensation, contra-indications, aftercare advice, consent, special precautions prior to treatment, when to refer to a dermatologist or medical practitioner to include: consultation records, patch test, before and after pictures (visual).

Carry out skin analysis and any relevant tests to identify any influencing factors: You should not carry out a patch test until you have carried out a thorough consultation and the client has signed the informed consent form. Skin treatments should only be carried out on skin types 1, 2 and on type 3 with caution.

Make accurate recommendations for treatment, skin typing, Fitzpatrick’s photo scale, relevant questions regarding history

practitioner and discomfort to the client.

Light/laser controlled areas must have:

• non-reflective surfaces

• protective eyewear worn (according to manufacturers’ instructions)

• enclosed area

• suitable entry and exit points

• adequate fire precautions and suitable services (i.e. provision for hand sanitation)

• waste management (i.e. sharps bin)

• extraction (if required)

• hazardous warning signs displayed on equipment and entry/exit points or area

• maximum of one IPL/laser system in operation in the controlled area at any one time

• all windows covered with blinds/shutters (blackout curtains if necessary)

• no flammable materials stored in the controlled area

• local rules displayed in the controlled area (these are written rules and procedures that must be followed when working with light systems)

• equipment procedures detailing how to turn on/off, operate safely and maintain the equipment

• safety procedures – what are the hazards? Checks? Who is responsible? Know how to prevent use by unauthorised persons and adverse incident procedures

• controlled area procedures and access

follow treatment protocol with emphasis on the importance of application of a minimum factor 30 sun block post-treatment).

Understand and explain the importance of test shots and how to recognise skin reactions, to include: determining the correct treatment parameters, per follicular oedema clients comfort levels and suitability for treatment, treatment objectives (i.e. pigmentation, vascular or anti-ageing issue). During skin treatments, be particularly aware of erythema in the treatment area.

Understand and explain different skin types, colours, tones and textures to include: Skin types – caucasian (pallor, midtone, tanned), African descent (pallor, midtone, tanned), Asian descent (pallor, midtone, tanned), young skin, mature, dry, oily, combination.

Skin conditions – sensitive, milia, comedomes, dehydrated, broken capillaries, pustules, papules, open pores, hypo/hyper-pigmentation, dermatosis, papulosa, nigra, pseudo folliculitis, keloid, ageing of skin, muscle tone, crows feet etc. Fitzpatrick photo scale, skin types 1, 2, and 3 only to be treated. Skin types 4, 5, and 6 only to be treated by medical professionals.

Provide clear recommendations to the client based on outcomes of skin analysis: Based on the outcomes of skin analyses the therapist should be able to:

• identify the condition and skin classification of the client and ensure that the patch test determines the suitability for treatment


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of skin tanning. Carry out patch tests according to skin types, understand and explain the procedure of and reasons for patch testing, to include: the procedure for the test, the sensation, record settings, skin response (depending on skin type, 72 hours for skin types 1, 2, and 3. Skin types 4, 5, and 6 should not be treated unless by a medical practitioner), recognise adverse reactions.

The patch test should preferably be carried out in the area to be treated, as this will give the truest indication of the reaction. If this is not possible a discrete area with a similar skin issue may be selected. The ideal outcome of the patch test is that the skin and hair will respond “normally” – there will be no excessive erythema, blistering, swelling or pigmentation changes.

If you intend to carry out treatment on more than one area, it may be necessary to patch test on each of the proposed treatment sites i.e. facial areas differ from décolleté, hands due to skin/bone density, skin type and amount of UV exposure.

Carry out patch tests for tactile and thermal safety tests (client skin sensation to hot/cold, sharp/soft). You must understand and explain the procedure and reasons for each, i.e thermal – to ascertain whether the client feels the burning sensation of hea, tactile – to ascertain if the client can tell the difference between sharp and soft sensations. Peform visual check for contra-indications, skin conditions, any identifying skin lesions (e.g. moles), carry out the patch test to ensure safety procedures are in place (patch test procedure should


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satisfactory result for your client they may require maintenance treatments to uphold the result. This is particularly relevant with rosacea clients as they must identify the trigger in their lifestyles that causes the rosacea to reoccur. IPL will only help in the maintenance of rosacea as there is no permanent cure for this condition.

The same may apply for veins, which can also appear due to lifestyle and heredity factors. Clients must work closely with their therapist to achieve a realistic outcome for their condition (home care/aftercare advice must be followed in order to achieve the best possible results). 3–4 treatments may be required before you can see a result, depending on the severity of the problem. The more severe the problem, the longer the treatment cycle will be.

Pigmentation – normal pigmentation problems may be treated (i.e. sun damage, freckles, age spots), however the most important thing to remember when determining suitability for treatment is what not to treat. Under no circumstances should you treat a raised mole, melasma, chlosama, dermal pigmentation, skin cancers or any pigmentation caused by hormonal issues. Saver hyper-pigmentation will occur and this is irreversible. If in any doubt do not treat, instead refer your client to their GP or dermatologist.

When treating normal pigmentation you may do so between 3–4 weekly intervals. The client must work closely with their therapist to achieve a realistic outcome for their condition – Home care and aftercare advice must be followed in order to achieve the best possible results, and continual use

• design a treatment plan for the client, advising achievable outcomes of the treatment where clients have unrealistic expectations of hair colour and types that are unsuitable for treatment

• clearly explain to the client any recognised contra-indications that prevent treatment

• refer clients with contra-indications to their GP, prior to any treatment and without reference to a specific condition

• recommend alternative treatments which are suitable for the client, if contra-indicated for IPL/Laser treatments

• agree with the client a projected treatment plan to include: the number of treatments required, treatment intervals, treatment cost and percentage reduction goals to client satisfaction

• ensure the client’s wellbeing and satisfaction by giving ongoing support and reassurance where necessary

• explain to the client the importance of their commitment to the treatment and the importance of listening to aftercare and home care advice, to ensure maximum efficiency of treatment

• recommend treatment intervals.

For skin rejuvenation it is recommended to treat between 3–4 weekly intervals:

Vascular/veins/rosacea – it is very important to ascertain the severity of the condition, client lifestyle, hereditary factors and client suitability to treatment. It is possible to treat your client at 3–4 weekly intervals. Once you have achieved a


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of sun block must be adhered to in order to keep pigmentation under control.

Photo-rejuvenation – can be used to treat a combination of vascular and pigmentation conditions, however, the primary function of photo rejuvenation is to reduce fine lines and wrinkles. The stimulation of fibroblasts, improves the tone and texture of the skin giving the skin an overall glow. Treatments should not be carried out less than three weeks apart to allow for skin recovery. It is recommended to carry out a course of 3-5 treatments for maximum results. Maintenance can be ongoing, depending on client preference and budget.

Approximate skin treatment times – as skin treatments vary hugely in size and severity, it is not possible to give accurate treatment times. Please always allow a minumum of 20 minutes per area.

Products, tools and equipment to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions:

Products – anti-bacterial wipes, hand sanitisers, cotton wool, tissues, spatulas, facial cleanser, soothing aftercare, SPF 30 (minimum), aprons, gloves, ultrasound-cooling gel, couch roll, towels, gowns.

Tools and equipment – recommended protective eyewear, appropriate applicator/hand piece required for skin treatment, red marker to mark out treatment area (if required), white stickers to cover skin conditions (e.g. moles), camera for before and after pictures, consultation forms, aftercare forms, IPL/laser warning signs in controlled area, non-reflective surfaces

in controlled area, trolley, couch, bin for general waste, appropriate warning signs attached to IPL/laser equipment. It may be necessary to use smaller protective eyewear for skin treatments, particularly in the case of photo rejuvenation as you will be working around the eye area.

Select personal protective equipment that should be worn by the client and therapist during laser and intense pulsed light treatments – Intense Pulsed Light and Lasers emit light which has the potential to damage unprotected eyes, both the operator and client must wear the manufacturer’s recommended eyewear before commencement of treatment, overall recommended grade 5 laser protection goggles.Type of eyewear (blackout), wavelength range (compete optical protection), IPL (Grade 5+), laser OD (Optical Density 4+).

Salon requirements for preparing the therapist, the client and work area:

Salon requirements – registration with the healthcare commission or other voluntary regulator may be required to provide IPL/laser treatments. Medicines and health care products regulatory agency document, guidelines on the safe use of lasers, intense light source systems and LEDs in medical, surgical, dental and aesthetic practices, local rules applicable to the laser controlled area, insurance is required.

Fitness of premises – the salon may be required to appoint a laser protection advisor, who will guide the salon on layout of the controlled area (i.e. room layout, window protection, safety measures, warning signs etc.). The salon may be


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required to appoint a fire protection advisor who will advise on safety, use of fire extinguishers (must be CO2 with black label), these should be placed near the controlled area.

Fitness of equipment – the salon must ensure that the selection of equipment meets treatment requirements and outcomes and may need to appoint a GP to write up treatment protocols for the correct use of equipment (these protocols need to be updated on a yearly basis). All equipment must be regularly maintained and serviced, correct methods used to sterilise equipment according to manufacturers’ instructions (to keep equipment in proper working order and safe to use on clients), ensure that systems are in place to prevent accidental exposure to the client or therapist within the controlled area. There should be a quality system in place (all records should be accurate, stored properly and verifiable), the salon should have written policies in place (health and safety policy, fire protection policy, complaints policy, policy for creating, storing confidential information according to data protection legislation).

Fitness of persons – the salon is responsible for providing suitable staff to carry out services offered, all staff should have relevant training and qualifications in order to carry out the services provided and all staff should be insured to carry out services provided.

Therapists responsibilities – to work in accordance with the salon/clinic policies and procedures, to carry out proper client care pre-/post-treatment, to ensure all

paper work completed/signed by client and therapist at each treatment, to follow health, hygiene and safety procedures at all times, to respect and uphold client privacy and confidentiality according to the data protection legislation, to be honest in all dealings with clients, work colleagues, and be respectful of working environment.

Preparation of treatment area – the preparation of light/laser ‘controlled area’ must meet safety, legal, hygiene and treatment requirements in addition to normal health and safety standards. The area must meet the following criteria:

• the room should be dedicated to light treatments only

• only authorised personnel should have access

• there should be no more than one IPL/laser operating in a room at the same time

• identifying labels should feature on all equipment, (indicating their wavelengths and maximum output power radiation emitted)

• warning signs must be displayed on equipment and on/over the outside of doors to the controlled area. On or over these doors there must be a red light that is switched on when the IPL/laser is in use

• protective eyewear (PPE) must be worn by everyone in the controlled area (to the required standard of the manufacturers’ of equipment selected).

Recommended eyewear for IPL – Grade 5+ for operator and client.


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Recommended eyewear for laser – OD (Optical Density) superior to 4+ for operator and total block for client. Light speed shutters may be used providing they are of the standard required for equipment being used:

• windows must be covered by blinds/shutters during treatment

• if foot pedal is used for application of treatment this must be covered

• doors to the controlled area should be lockable or interlocked

• no flammable materials in the controlled area

• proper fire protection in place near the controlled area

• local rules should be displayed near the light source, read and signed by all operators: these are written rules and procedures that must be followed when working with light systems in the salon/clinic

• equipment procedures – how to turn on/off operate safely and maintain the equipment

• safety – what are the hazards? What checks must be made? Who is responsible? Know how to prevent use by unauthorised persons and adverse incident procedures

• controlled area procedures and access

• the PPE required.

Environmental conditions suitable for laser and light treatment for skin rejuvenation:

Lighting – must be sufficient enough to enable treatments to be carried out. Windows should have blinds/shutters in the controlled area.

Heating – the temperature in the work place should provide reasonable comfort at least 16oC, to maintain a comfortable temperature heating or cooling may be used. In extremely hot weather, fans or increased ventilation would be an option.

Ventilation – ventilation must be effective with sufficient quantities of purified air particularly in an enclosed workspace, windows may provide sufficient ventilation but mechanical methods may be used when appropriate and should be regularly cleaned, tested and maintained. In the case of laser equipment, proper extraction methods must be used. When using IPL equipment ensure that the manufacturers recommended gap is observed at the rear of the machine. To allow air to circulate freely and protect the mains lead from excessive bending.

General comfort – the size of the work place must provide sufficient room to allow the employee to work in a safe and healthy manner. Work stations should allow ease of movement so that all tasks may be carried out safely and comfortably. The work place should be kept clean, waste materials should be kept in enclosed bins and disposed of according to health and safety protocols.

Different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives:

Building a client profile – expectations of treatment and treatment plan.

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Consultation – should be a minimum of 20 minutes to include correct procedure and protocol i.e. medical history form, patch test consent form (to include test shots on the treatment area), pre-/post-care advice form, GP referral letter if necessary.

Test shots – determine the treatment parameters, client comfort level, adverse/normal skin reaction.

Photographs before and after – visual (record of treatment, record of condition of skin/skin conditions present).

Importance of carrying out a detailed skin analysis and relevant tests:

• to enable the therapist to identify the condition and skin classification of the client

• to assess the outcome of the patch test as necessary, to determine the suitability for treatment

• to assess the skin and client response to determine suitable reactions and avoid adverse reactions

• to adjust variables as necessary, whilst monitoring skin client response and discontinuing treatment where adverse reactions occur

• to explain the physical sensation created by the IPL/Laser equipment being used

Remember to apply a small number of shots to the treatment area or with similar skin type, record settings, wait for skin response, i.e. 72 hours (skin types 1, 2, and 3). Treat skin type 3 with caution. Under no circumstances should you treat skin types 4, 5, 6.

How to select laser and light treatment equipment to suit client skin types and conditions: MHRA guidelines, lasers used for skin treatments (tattoo removal) are: Q switched ruby (green tattoos), Alexandrite (blue/black tattoos), and ND Yag (red tattoos).

When treating the skin the following has to be taken into account – only skin types 1, 2 and 3 (with caution) are suitable for treatment. Skin types above this tend to contain a high amount of skin melanin and therefore the risk of burning and pigmentation change is higher. It is important to carry out patch tests and wait a minimum of 72 hours before treating.

Identify the range of equipment used for laser and light treatment for skin rejuvenation: Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) systems, fractional non-ablative lasers. Ablative lasers are not recommended for beauty therapy and should be operated by medical professionals.

Examples of contra-indications that may prevent or restrict laser and light treatment for skin rejuvenation:

• epilepsy (flashing of light)

• hepatitis

• long term diabetes (the client skin more sensitive to IPL/laser treatment and could result in severe bruising)

• haemophilia (bleeding disorder)

• clients taking anti-coagulant medication (aspirin, waferan, phenediene, hapazin)

• clients sensitive to light within the range of 500 nm–900 nm

• client with keloid scarring

• skin cancers

• pregnancy (this alters the hormones and therefore could affect hair growth/pigmentation) client could be treated 3–4 months after childbirth

• pigmentation problems (vitiligo, melasma moles, pigmented naevi moles)

• clients taking photosensitising medication (including drugs or medication that cause skin thinning effects)

• cardiovascular conditions (thrombosis, phlebitis, hyper-tension, hypo-tension, heart conditions)

• connective tissue disorders (scleroderma)

• tattoos, permanent and semi permanent make-up (micropigmentation)

• herbal supplements that cause photo sensitisation i.e. St. John’s Wort, beta carotene

• sun burned, sun tanned skin at time of treatment, artificial tan/self tanning products; until the product has worn off (approx 7–10 days before treatment)

• pacemaker/defibrillators

• metal pins/plates

• fever

• contagious or infections diseases

• loss of skin sensitivity (test with tactile and thermal methods)

• cuts, bruises, burns, abrasions

• undiagnosed lumps and bumps

• allergies to products or materials used

• under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

Contra-indications requiring medical referral or the client to indemnify their condition in writing prior to treatment: medical oedema, osteoporosis, diabetes, asthma, arthritis, acute rheumatism, bells palsy, inflamed/trapped pinched nerve, any condition already being treated by GP/dermatologist.

Explain the required legislation for laser and light treatment and the importance of compliance with regulations: It is important to comply with regulations that reduce the risk of injury to the practitioner and clients when using IPL/laser equipment. Contact the Care Quality Commission for more details. Local authority regulations may also apply.


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Outcome 2: Be able to provide laser and light treatment for skin rejuvenation (continued)

Communicate and behave in a professional manner: Positive body language, eye contact, good communication skills, open questions, enthusiastic, friendly, confident and knowledgeable, punctuality, client loyalty and confidentiality, respectful of colleagues, clients and work environment, adhere to salon etiquette regarding health and hygiene practices.

Follow health and safety working practices: Health and safety at work to include safety precautions in the salon when dealing with the general public (i.e. safe working areas, maintenance and safe use of equipment), electricity at work to include the therapist’s responsibilities to the client, care and maintenance of equipment, calibration and safety checks.

• ensure the light/laser controlled area is set up to meet legal and safety requirements

• ensure the equipment selected meets treatment requirements and outcomes

• check that the treatment settings are correct to carry out the treatment

• ensure systems are in place to prevent accidental damage to the client, therapist and any other people in the controlled areas

• check that the equipment is safe and working correctly

• follow manufacturers’ and organisational instructions for the start up and shut down of equipment.

General safety protocols:

Equipment use – there should be no more than one IPL system or laser source operating in a room at the same time, the room should be dedicated to light treatments only, and only trained personnel authorised to use equipment should have access. When using equipment, you must ensure that:

• you do not operate the equipment if a safety problem is known to exist

• warning signs are displayed on equipment and are on the outside of doors to controlled areas

• protective eyewear is worn by everyone in the controlled area

• windows are covered by blinds or shutters

• surfaces are non-reflective

• doors are lockable or interlocked

• there are no flammable materials in the controlled area

• you do not attempt to operate the equipment if the applicator is not connected

• the applicator has a dedicated holder to avoid damage to the applicator

• the crystal of the applicator is cleaned regularly, the system isn’t used if there are excessive amounts of gel on the surface

• the fluids used to clean the applicator are non-corrosive/non-alcohol products.

Fire precautions –

• only the recommended gels to be placed

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Outcome 2: Be able to provide laser and light treatment for skin rejuvenation

treatment and prevent cross infection occurring)

• red/white pen (if required) to help mark out treatment area as these colours will reflect light and will not cause any surface reaction or burns. Using darker pen to mark out areas will always result in burning the skin and should never be used

• white sticker or cotton to cover any skin conditions present at time of treatment (i.e. moles) – white will always reflect the light away from the area.

Position client and therapist correctly throughout the treatment –

• ensure the positioning of the client and equipment permits effective access and minimises the risk to practitioner and discomfort to the client

• ensure position and posture whilst working to minimise fatigue and risk of injury to yourself and the client

• ensure the hand piece/applicator is used at the correct angle and pressure according to treatment protocols and client comfort

• stretch and manipulate the skin where necessary, according to treatment

• maintain client modesty and privacy throughout the treatment.

Use products, tools, equipment and techniques to suit clients treatment needs:

Products –

between the applicator and the target skin

• always use the equipment on the target skin area only

• never use the equipment on anything other than the target skin area

• do not use the equipment in presence of flammable anaesthetics

• do not use flammable chemicals to clean the equipment or its applicators

• use a covered foot pedal.

Operator related precautions –

• never treat bare skin

• always sanitise equipment, applicators before and after treatment

• maintain hygiene and safety throughout the skin photo rejuvenation treatments

• sanitatise hands and use of disposable gloves pre-/during treatment

• applicator is in full contact with the treatment area and pressure is applied

• dispose of sharps/waste to meet legal and organisational requirements

• do not use the system if there is any obvious damage to the applicator or the main unit, disconnect the system and call for an engineer

• recommended eyewear – therapist and client must wear protective eyewear to ensure eyes are protected from exposure from IPL/laser light to avoid damage to eyes (health and safety requirement)

• disposable gloves, masks, spatulas (to maintain hygiene standards during

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always look at erythema before doing a second pass (on bony areas i.e. neck, décolleté, only one pass is recommended)

• do not direct light into any open orifices (i.e. eyes, nostrils, ears, mouth), plug with damp cotton as a precaution if necessary

• in case of braces/fillings, place damp with cotton wool over area (i.e. in the mouth) to reduce sensitivity when treating

• when treating around the eye area, never treat beyond the bone area, always keep the applicator/hand piece tilted away from the eye

• it is advisable to fire a safety shot in the direction of the ground from your applicator prior to treatment to ensure that all air bubbles are cleared from the applicator

• (important) it is advisable not to apply any pre-epilation cleanser or alcohol based products prior to treatment, as this will cause an adverse reaction and heighten the risk of burning to the skin. if you need to use cleanser for any area to remove surface oils, make-up or deodorant residue it is important to cleanse the area with damp cotton, directly before and after treatment.

Suggested treatment procedure (please refer to manufacturers guidance for specific machinery:

• (important) only to be carried out on skin types 1, 2 and 3 (with caution)

• applicator heads/wavelengths used – green/yellow filter 515 nm–950 nm (for vascular and pigmentation); yellow/

• products for carrying out skin treatment – pre-cooling gel

• products used on the skin during skin treatment – hand sanitisers, facial cleanser (if required), soothing aftercare, SPF factor 30 (minimum)

• products for equipment – anti-bacterial wipes (non-alcoholic) for cleaning of machine and applicators before and after treatment, de-ionised water (if using water cooling systems).

Tools and equipment –

• recommended protective eyewear, disposable gloves, aprons, masks, spatulas

• IPL/laser equipment, appropriate applicator for skin treatment, couch, trolley, magnifying lamp, woods lamp, bin for general waste, camera (before and after pictures) IPL/laser safety signs at exit points of controlled areas.

Treatment techniques – positioning (semi-reclining couch, work either side of treatment area), preparation of area (cleanse treatment area, remove surface oil debris and make-up).

Application of treatment – (important) the following are suggested treatment recommended guidelines (please always refer to specific manufacturer’s guidelines on use of equipment):

• pre-cooling gel prior to treatment

• no pressure, touching the skin lightly

• it is possible to use two passes during treatment depending on skin issues,

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j) set machine for skin treatments k) apply ultrasound gel with spatula (dispose of spatula) l) give client goggles and apply your own (you may apply white eye pads to eye area to give extra protection against the light) m) check settings and carry out one shot n) float the applicator head in the gel, and do not press into the skin, resting pressure only. It is important to explain to the client that the light will be very bright and the feeling during skin treatment will be much snappier and intense on the skin due to the fact that the light is only penetrating the surface levels of the skin.

• assess client reaction and decide whether energy levels need to be increased. If there is little sensation or erythema, it is possible to put the machine up 1 joule and re-test. This may be performed again to assess the client tolerance, (important: at no time should the client feel excessively uncomfortable)

• a mild erythema is acceptable, but be careful that you are working within your client’s comfort levels. Remember that the heat may build up afterwards within the skin

• on completion of treatment clean the applicator head and place the applicator back in the holder, switch off machine

• remove the ultrasound gel and apply the aftercare lotion to soothe the areas just treated (aloe vera, witch hazel, antiseptic cream).

It is important to apply SPF to exposed areas (i.e. facial areas – apply factor 30).

orange filter 550 nm–950 nm (for collagen stimulation)

• patch test – it is advisable to do a patch test on all skin types, with only skin types 1,2 and 3 being treated, caution should be taken with skin type 3. As we are working using shorter wavelengths they are working at a more superficial level in the skin and can cause pigmentation damage.

• (important) all patch tests for skin treatments should be given 72 hours before commencing treatment to make sure that there is no change in pigmentation. If there is any lightening in colour, then this is an indication that permanent damage may occur if treatment is carried out again. Do not treat this client.

Procedure – a) greet client, ask them to slip off shoes and lie on a semi-reclining couch b) cover client’s feet with couch roll and place a towel across client’s chest c) complete client consultation and consent forms (doctor’s note if required) d) excuse yourself and wash your hands e) choose appropriate application head required for treatment f) clean application head and goggles g) wipe hands with sanitiser h) apply disposable gloves i) prepare client skin for treatment * cleanse and tone (if wearing make-up for a facial area) wipe over with damp cotton wool * cleanse all other areas with damp cotton wool * blot with tissue

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• ensure the treatment is carried out within an acceptable time frame

• punctuality at all times, aim to carry out appointments to the specified time the client has booked

• check the client’s wellbeing and give ongoing reassurance where necessary

• ensure your client wears protective eyewear at all times

• ensure all jewellery is removed from client and therapist before treatment

• continuously assess the skin and listen to client response to determine suitable reactions and avoid adverse reaction

• where necessary stretch or manipulate the skin according to treatment protocols

• ensure the applicator is used at the correct angle and pressure to suit client comfort, according to treatment protocols

• maintain health and hygiene when carrying out the treatment

• give an accurate follow up, home care /aftercare advice at completion of treatment

• ensure the treated area is cooled and soothed, during and after treatment

• ensure client records are up-to-date, legible and complete

• protect client privacy by storing information safely and securel in accordance with the Data Protection Act.

Record and evaluate the results of the treatment:

• treatment can only begin following

a) remove and dispose of gloves b) give aftercare advice, ask client to sign form and keep this with the records c) give client their part of the home care advice form d) if happy with patch test, book treatment for 72 hours e) fill in treatment record card.

It is important to avoid use of UV light or self tanning products during treatment. Always check any medical history change with client prior to each treatment to avoid possible contra-indications. Check that the client is following recommended aftercare and home care advice.

Adapt treatments to suit client needs and skin type:

• only skin types 1, 2 and 3 (with caution) is recommended for IPL skin treatments

• identify what client treatment needs are i.e. pigmentation, telangiectasia, rosacea, rejuvenation

• carry out relevant patch test procedure to note client tolerance levels when doing the treatments

• if results are not seen, the fluence/energy levels may have to be raised to get maximum results

• treatments are carried out at 3–4 weekly intervals

• the treatment is more superficial compared to hair reduction so sensation on the skin may be more uncomfortable for the client.

Complete the treatment to the satisfaction of the client:

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reduction i.e. rosacea will always need maintenance as the client’s lifestyle can be a trigger.

Aftercare advice and aftercare products: As the treatment puts light energy into the skin, it is important to advise your client not to do anything that will add to the sensation of heat or irritate the area. You must stress to your client the importance of post-treatment care. Aftercare advice should be given either verbally (after each treatment is carried out) or written (an aftercare leaflet to be given to client to take away with them, signed by client and therapist).

• Cooling gel (cools the skin by evaporation) – water-based gels are applied to the skin pre-treatment, and if necessary post-treatment

• Cold air or cryogen spray – cold air is generated and directed onto the treatment area either by the laser operator (or occasionally the client is asked to direct the air if they feel discomfort both pre- and post-treatment). This method means that the cool air can be precisely directed to the required area. Cryogen cooling is built into some laser systems, timed to be delivered just prior to a laser pulse

• Simultaneous contact cooling – this system is available on lasers which operate through a scanner to speed up treatment time by allowing a series of laser pulses to be emitted in quick succession and in a controlled area of approximately 3 x 3 cm2. The laser beam is emitted through a sapphire (glass) window, providing a vehicle for

consultation, completion of record card, informed consent and a normal patch test response

• details of the treatment should be accurately recorded on the client record card, to include: date, time of treatment, area treated, skin type, energy settings noted, skin response immediately after treatment, therapist’s signature, and client’s signature

• any medical changes should be noted and signed

• information should be clearly and accurately written up, and updated at the end of each treatment and signed

• treatment should be monitored to determine percentage of reduction on pigmentation/vascular areas to determine future treatment interval timings i.e. if a good/significant reduction is seen then treatment intervals may need to be revised. this will result in overall client satisfaction for both treatment and economic outcome

• any changes to skin condition or poor results to be noted and recorded, so therapist can adapt treatment to get better results or discontinue treatment if necessary

• record and monitor any adverse reactions

• take before/after pictures – photo evidence of condition of skin and hair at time of treatment

• once you have achieved a satisfactory level of reduction for the particular skin treatment, the client may need maintenance to uphold the level of

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• not put ice directly onto the skin surface or a freezer burn may occur

• wear loose clothing to avoid friction on treated areas (such as neck, décolleté)

• contact the clinic or salon if they experience excessive blistering, crusting or swelling in the treatment area.

Explain how to work on different treatment areas: The treatments are more surface than in hair reduction treatments, therefore there is a higher risk of burning the skin. As we are working on the surface layers, the sensation for the client tends to be very uncomfortable and the fluence levels need to be applied within client comfort and tolerance levels. a) the applicators are applied using a different technique when performing skin treatments b) the applicator is glided over the skin, there is no pressure applied c) the yellow–green applicator is used for the reduction of pigmentation, telangiectasias, and rosacea d) the wavelength applied is 525 nm and goes 1 mm into the skin targeting the surface damage (i.e. pigmentation, veins, vascular problems) e) the yellow–orange applicator is used for the rejuvenation of skin tissue, the wavelength applied is 550 nm and it penetrates 2mm into the skin targeting the fibroblasts, collagen and elastin.

cooled water which facilitates easy pre- and post-treatment cooling, as well as simultaneous cooling with the lasing

• Ice packs – cooling with ice packs is an economical method, and can be applied to the treatment area pre- and post-treatment. They cannot, however, be used simultaneously with the lasing. Great care should be taken not to apply ice packs directly to the skin as this could cause an ‘ice burn’. Packs should be wrapped in a disposable thin covering such as a couch roll.

Aftercare advice post IPL/laser treatment: You should advise the client to:

• cool the area with soothing gels, damp cotton pads or aloe vera if the hot sensation or feeling of warmth remains after treatment

• avoid sun exposure in the treatment area and to always wear a high factor sun protection cream (SPF 30 minimum) after and between treatments

• stop using sun beds and self tanning products in the treatment area (fake tan can be applied 48 hours after treatment. However, before the next treatment is carried out self tan should not be applied a minimum of 10 days prior to treatment)

• keep the area free from deodorants, make up, aromatherapy oils or perfumed products for 24 hours

• avoid hot baths, showers or heat treatments (sauna, steam rooms, heavily chlorinated swimming pools and hot tubs) for 24 hours

• avoid vigorous exercise for 12–24 hours

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Consequences of inaccurate identification of client skin type/colouring according to the Fitzpatrick scale: Inaccurate identification of correct skin type will result with the client being treated with the wrong treatment settings. The consequences of which are: burns, blistering, hyper-pigmentation, hypo-pigmentation, scarring, ineffective treatment, physiological damage.

Contra-actions that may occur during and following treatments: Understanding of principles and practice of skin treatments i.e. target for treatment, melanin/haemoglobin in the skin. Greater care and caution is required when using IPL for skin treatments. Understand the skin types that are ideally suited to these treatments i.e. only skin types 1, 2 and 3 with caution as there is less melanin in these skin types making the skin less susceptible to skin damage.

Possible adverse reactions to treatments – excessive redness of the skin (erythema), excessive localised swelling (perifollicular oedema), excessive urticarial reactions (i.e. cold sores/herpes), blistering (which may be only temporary but indicates treatment settings are not appropriate), long term complications such as hyper-pigmentation or hypo-pigmentation (tanned skin being at greater risk of pigment changes), scarring (which is rare but clients must be warned of the risks).

Advice to prevent post-treatment damage:

• apply an aloe vera or tea tree soothing

General guidelines when performing IPL skin treatments:

• one or two passes per session (depending on the skin damage)

• when treating vascular issues the treatment should be kept at room temperature/cold gel applied afterwards to cool area if necessary

• when treating pigmentation issues the treatment gel may be kept chilled/cold gel applied after treatment if necessary

• hover/glide as the neck and chest use a weaker fluence and perform one pass only

• in the proximity of bones (forehead, shoulder blades etc.) reduce the fluence as bone structure reflects back the energy and light

• start at lowest useful energy levels and work up according to client comfort levels

• always keep applicator tilted away from the eye area

• do not treat eyes beyond the bone area

• check the temperature of the applicator head, cool with damp cotton when hot

• treatment gel should be applied slightly thicker than for hair removal treatment (appox 1–2mm)

• post-treatment – apply cooling gels, cold water spray, cold masks (if required) factor 30 minimum sun block

• never apply ice packs after skin treatment as this will cause surface burns.

NB. The guideline for treatment will vary according to manufacturers’ guidelines.

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cream for 48 hours after treatment

• avoid sun exposure or sun beds for the duration of IPL/laser treatments

• apply an SPF30 (minimum) after and between treatments (exposed areas only)

• avoid the use of tanning products for a minimum of 48 hours after treatment

• keep the area free from deodorants, make-up, aromatherapy oils or perfumed products for 24 hours

• avoid hot baths, showers or heat treatments (saunas, steam rooms, swimming pools and hot tubs) for 24 hours

• do not put ice directly onto the skin surface or a freezer burn may occur

• loose clothing is recommended to avoid friction on treated areas i.e. neck/décolleté

• contact clinic/salon if any adverse reaction occurs after treatment.

Suitable methods of dealing with reappearance of skin condition between treatments:

Pigmentation – if pigmentation occurs between skin treatments (i.e. the reappearance or appearance of pigmentation), the operator has to identify the underlying cause. Ask open questions about the client’s current medical history (are there any changes? Is the client having any hormonal issues (i.e. menopause)? Is there any medication being taken?).

Possible causes of reappearance of

pigmentation – post/home care advice not being adhered to (i.e. not adhering to use of sun block, non-exposure to UV/sun light, medication prescribed causing a photosensitive reaction, use of St John’s Wart) will cause pigmentation changes. Beta carotene will cause pigmentation changes – stop treatment until out of client’s system for approximately 4–6 weeks. For normal hormonal changes (i.e. menopause) stop treatment and refer to GP or dermatologist.

Possible causes of reappearance of vascular/telangiestesia – hereditary, possible ongoing problem, veins around nose are the most difficult to treat and may reoccur, therefore client needs to be aware of ongoing maintenance to uphold result. Lifestyle, diet and skin care, all affect telangectasia reappearing on the skin. Give advice to clients regarding this to prolong the effects of the IPL treatments. Auto-immune deficiencies (stress) – depletion in these areas can trigger hypo-/hyper-pigmentation, stop treatments, refer to GP/Dermatologist for further investigation.

Effects and benefits of laser or intense pulsed light on the skin and underlying tissues: The effects and benefits of Intense Pulsed Light on the skin and underlying tissues offer the following four benefits:

• stimulates collagen production

• improves the quality and texture of the skin

• minimises surface damage (improving the look and tone of the skin, thread vein and capillary reduction)

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• reduces rosacea (keeps the condition under control, this is triggered by internal factors), Intense Pulsed Light will reduce the outbreaks, however diet and home care are needed to enhance the effect.

How does IPL treatment work: Use of wavelengths from 515 nm – 550 nm for this type of treatment. When using IPL for skin treatments absorption by certain cromophores will allow skin to regenerate. The energy levels administered in photo rejuvenation treatment with IPL will allow sufficient energy to be absorbed into the dermis to increase blood flow. There are different theories for the stimulation of collagen:

• it is believed that the light causes slight trauma to the dermis and epidermis which stimulates the fibroblasts

• stimulation of blood flow brings fresh oxygen and nutrients to the area whilst removing waste

• cells absorb more water therefore hydrate the tissues – NMF (Natural Moisture Factor) depletes as we age

• cross fibres regenerate targeting the collagen and elastin.

Photo-rejuvenation: IPL photo rejuvenation is the process of removing sun damage, stimulating new cell growth and increasing collagen production. It gives the skin a “blank canvas”, a more even tone and appearance.

Three distinctive issues as we age – vein/vascular issues, pigmentation issues (slowing down the production of

melanin results in production of irregular melanocytes), fine lines wrinkles (cross linkages of collagen and elastin become more brittle and week, resulting in loss of tone and texture in the skin).

Veins and vascular treatment: Green/yellow applicator at 515 nm, penetrates 1 mm into the skin, surface penetration. In the case of skin treatments the light targets a certain chromophore (i.e. haemoglobin), without damaging the surrounding skin structures. The light creates a heat which is strongly absorbed into the targeted blood vessels, causing them to coagulate and break down, white blood corpuscles rush to the area and carry the particles away through the lymphatic system. The thicker the blood vessel the more treatments are required.

Pigmentation: Age spots/freckles will give patches of pigmentation that are darker to the ambient skin colour due to an inconsistency in melanocytes. These patches of pigment can be treated without affecting the ambient skin colour. The light is absorbed into these patches and the melanocytes are caused to shatter. They dissipate and break-up over a period of time. A sun block is recommended to be used at all times, avoidance of further sun/UV light exposure, otherwise pigmentation will reoccur.

Treatment intervals: Rejuvenation – 3–5 sessions at 3 weekly intervals. 3 weeks is considered the optimal to get collagen at peak levels, results are accumulative. Maintenance is required to keep skin at optimal levels, lifestyle and diet are also important to

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maintain results.

Veins/rosacea – treat at 3–4 weekly intervals between 3–4 sessions, more if vascular damage is more intense.

Pigmentation – 3–4 treatments at 4 weekly intervals (must avoid UV exposure, constant use of sun block minimum of factor 30 to avoid reappearance).

(important) – clinical trials have proven that the treatment will reduce the skin age by 2 years, hence 5 sessions can give a visual reduction of up to 10 years off the skin’s texture and tone. It is a non-invasive therapy without the down time or the risk of surgery.

Explain different skin and hair types, conditions, diseases and disorders:

Skin conditions – sensitive, milia, comedones, dehydrated, broken capillaries, pustules, papules, open pores, hyper-pigmentation, keloid, in-growing hairs, dermatosis papulosa nigra and pseudo folliculitis.

Skin diseases and disorders – infestations (scabies, lice), congenital (eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis), bacterial (acne vulgaris, impetigo, acne rosacea, boils, folliculitis), viral (warts, herpes simplex, herpes zoster), fungal (tinea/ringworm), pigment disorders (vitiligo, albinism, chloasma, epilates, lentigo, moles/papilloma, port wine stain/Nevus Flammeus, leucoderma), general disorders (UV damage, urticaria, allergic reaction), skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma).

Skin:

Skin types and recognition factors – Dry, oily, sensitive, dehydrated, mature.


Dry skin – flaky rough texture, thin epidermis, sensitivity, dull complexion, fine lines, tight skin

Oily skin – course texture, open pores, thick epidermis, shiny appearance, sallow colouring, blemishes may be present.

Combination skin – coarse textured, open pores, shiny appearance, tendency to blemish.

Sensitive skin – fine texture, thin epidermis, red appearance, reacts to heat and abrasion, possible capillary damage (split capillaries).



Skin-epidermis – structure, stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, process of keratinisation.

Skin-dermis – structure, blood/lymph supply, papillary layer, reticular layer, collagen, elastin, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, hair, dermal papilla, sebaceous glands and sebum, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands

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(eccrine and apocrine), sensory nerve endings.

Skin-hypodermis – structure (subcutaneous layer), adipose tissue, adipocytes.

Skin functions: Secretion, heat regulation, absorption, protection, elimination, sensation, vitamin D formation, melanin production, acid mantle formation.

Hair:

Hair structure – arrector pili muscle, hair follicle, inner root sheath (Henle’s layer, Huxley’s layer, cuticle layer), outer root sheath, vitreous membrane, connective tissue sheath, root (bulb/matrix, dermal papilla), sebaceous gland, shaft (medulla, cortex, cuticle).



Diseases and disorders of the hair: Signs and causes of asteatosis, canities, discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), fragilitis crinium, hypertrichosis, keloids, monilethrix, ringed hair, trichoptilosis, trichorrehexis nodosa. Scalp (pityriasis capitis simplex, pityriasis capitis, steatoids, seborrhea oleosa), fungal (tinea favosa, tinea capitis, tinea sycosis), parasite (scabies, pediculosis capitis), bacterial (furuncle, carbuncle, stye), alopecia (androgenetic, adnata, areata, follicularis, premature, senilis, totalis, universalis, traction/traumatic, postpartum, telogen effluven).

Growth patterns and causes of hair growth:

Factors which effect hair growth – congenital, topical, drugs/medication, systemic, stress, anorexia, polycystic ovaries, hirsutism.

Previous hair removal methods and their effects on hair growth to include: shaving, plucking, waxing, depilatory creams, electrolysis (short-wave and blend).

Endocrine system: Structure and function of the endocrine system – responsible for the secretion of hormones, pituitary gland, pineal gland, gonads (the sex glands), adrenal glands, thyroid gland, para-thyroid glands, pancreas gland, thymus gland.

Other glands – Sweat or sudodiferous glands, ceruminous or wax producing glands, pancreas.

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary – somatotrophin (growth hormone), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adreno-cortico tropic hormone (ACTH), gonado tropic hormone (GTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), (LH) luteinising hormone, prolactin.

Hormones secreted by the posterior lobe – vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone ADH), oxytocin.

Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland – thyroxine and triidothyronine, calcitonin.

Hormones secreted by the parathyroid glands – parathormone.

Hormones secreted by the pancreas – insulin, glucagons.

UV40414 125


Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla – adrenalin, noradrenalin.

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex – andrenocortical, adrenocorticotrophic (steroid hormones), mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadotrophic.

The gonads (sex glands) – ovaries (oestrogen, progesterone), testes (testosterone).

Circulatory system:

Heart structure – heart wall (endocardium, myocardium, pericardium), aorta, atria, bicuspid (mitral) valve, chordae tendineae, inferior and superior vena cava, papillary muscles, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary), septum, tricuspid valve, ventricles. Functions of cardiovascular system: transport, defence, clotting, regulation and homeostasis.

Blood vessels – Structure and function: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries.

Circuits – Structure and function: pulmonary circulation, portal circulation, coronary circulation, systemic circulation.

Major arteries of the head and neck – carotid, facial, occipital, temporal.

Major veins of the head and neck – jugular, occipital, temporal, maxillary, facial.

Major arteries of the body – aorta, descending aorta, subclavian, carotid, pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, mesenteric, iliac, vertebral, axillary, brachial, ulnar, radial, palmar arch, femoral,

popliteal, anterior tibial, plantar arch.

Major veins of the body – vena cava (inferior and superior), pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, iliac, axillary, brachial, basilic, cephalic, subclavian, saphenous (long and short), venous arch, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, anterior tibial. Composition of blood – plasma, leucocytes (granulocytes and agranulocytes), erythrocytes, thrombocytes.

Principles of skin healing:

• wound healing is a complex and dynamic process of restoration of skin cell structures and tissue layers

• wound healing – bleeding generally follows a tissue injury via an incision. The cascade of vasoconstriction and coagulation begins with clotted blood immediately impregnating the wound, leading to hemostasis, and after dehydration a scab forms

• an influx of inflammatory cells follow, with the release of cellular substances and mediators. Angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels) and re-epithelisation occurs and the deposition of new cellular and extra cellular components ensues.

Phases of skin healing:

• inflammatory phase – occurs immediately following the injury and lasts approximately 6 days

• fibroblastic phase – occurs at the termination of the inflammatory phase and can last up to 4 weeks

• scar maturation phase – begins at the

UV40414126


fourth week and can last for years.

Factors which interfere with wound healing: Trauma (initial or repetitive), scalds and burns (both physical and chemical), animal bites or insect stings, pressure, vascular compromise, arterial, venous or mixed, immunodeficiency, malignancy, connective tissue disorders, nutritional deficiencies, psychosocial disorders, adverse effects of medications.

Theories underpinning IPL and laser technology:

• light tissue interaction and its effects on skin and eyes to include reflection, transmit ion, scattering, absorption

• elective phototermolysis, thermal relaxation time, haemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin

• light according to the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) to include the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, the types of light used by lasers and intense pulsed light, the wavelengths and depth of penetration, photons, joules. Pulse repetition rate. Pulse duration, fluence, the size of the treatment beam (spot size).

How natural ageing, lifestyle and enviornmental factors affect the condition of the skin and underlying structures:

Natural ageing – chronological ageing and wrinkles, effects of the sun and wrinkles, sunlight affect on the epidermis and dermis, explain what and how to recognise basal cell, carcinoma and what are the risk

factors. Free radicals and their effects on the skin, hormone effects, muscle tone and gravity as we age.

Lifestyle and ageing skin – sun exposure, smoking, lack of exercise, exposure to cold water, alcohol, lack of sleep, stress, preventative measures (i.e. sun screens avoidance of sun exposure, diet, moderate/no alcohol, avoid smoking, good skin care).

UV40464Quality management of client care in the hair and beauty sectorThrough this unit you will develop your management skills in client care within your salon.

You will analyse the client service experience that is on offer in your salon as part of your quality assurance process. You will carry out planned and spot checks, use various methods to gather feedback, recommend improvements, engage your staff with the new improvements and follow through with a monitoring process.

The foundation of a successful business is great client care and if your salon meets your client’s expectations you will have a winning combination. Part of being a good manager is to continually evaluate your own practice and lead by example.

This unit is suitable for hairdressing, barbering, beauty salon, nail salon and spa managers.

UV40464_v14

GLH

Credit value

Level

Observation(s)

External paper(s)

50

12

4

1

0



UV40464

Quality management of client care in the hair and beauty sector

1. Be able to review the overall client service experience as part of quality assurance

2. Be able to implement and monitor procedures to improve the overall client service experience



3. Observation outcomes Competent performance of ‘Observation’ outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least one occasion.




129


Achieving range



UV40464




There are no range statements that apply to this unit.


130

Outcome 1

Observations

You can:

Observation 1 Optional OptionalDate achievedCriteria questioned orallyPortfolio referenceAssessor initialsLearner signature


Be able to review the overall client service experience as part of quality assurance

a. Evaluate client care procedures, using quality assurance and inspection processes

b. Conduct a client satisfaction survey

UV40464 131

Outcome 2

You can:

Be able to implement and monitor procedures to improve the overall client service experience


a. Recommend approaches to or ways of improving the client service experience

b. Engage staff in consultation necessary for effective implementation of a quality scheme

UV40464132

Observation 1 Optional OptionalDate achievedCriteria questioned orallyPortfolio referenceAssessor initialsLearner signature






UV40464 133

Knowledge

Outcome 1

Be able to review the overall client service experience as part of quality assurance


c. Use client feedback and complaints to inform a review of the client service experience

d. Draw conclusions from the client satisfaction survey and client complaints

e. Analyse client expectations

f. Describe different quality assurance and inspection processes used within businesses in the hair and beauty sector

g. Describe how to conduct a client satisfaction survey

h. Explain the value of feedback and client complaints in reviewing the client service experience

i. Analyse the impact of client satisfaction on the business

j. Explain the importance of meeting client expectations


UV40464134

Outcome 2

Be able to implement and monitor procedures to improve the overall client service experience


c. Evaluate the effectiveness of newly implemented procedures

d. Propose new systems or modifications to existing systems that could improve the client service experience

e. Evaluate own quality management of client care

f. Describe different approaches to quality management of client care within the hair and beauty sector

g. Explain the importance of staff engagement to the success of newly implemented procedures

h. Explain the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of newly implemented procedures

i. Explain the factors necessary for continuous improvement

j. Explain how quality management can be measured


UV40464 135

Unit content


UV40464136

Outcome 1: Be able to review the overall client service experience as part of quality assurance

Client care procedures, quality assurance and inspection processes: Policies and procedures for services and sales delivery, practical observations, communication skills, client suggestion box, monitoring, sampling, record keeping, client feedback is sought, records of meetings, provision of services, salon turnover, adequate resource allocation, quality client service provision.

Conduct a client satisfaction survey: Feedback on client satisfaction is sought, improve future operations, appropriate questions, measurable, format of questionnaire, improve services, opportunities to increase retail sales, safety consideration, overall ambience, staff knowledge, client service capabilities, timing of treatment/service, consistency in treatments offered, technical and treatment/service-related complaints addressed swiftly.

Client feedback and complaints to inform a review of the client service experience: Corrective actions taken, monitor and evaluate for effectiveness, results used for future planning, adequate supply of stock is maintained, support of quality services, client requirements, feedback provided, consultation skills, correct product recommendation.

Conclusions from the client satisfaction survey and client complaints: Review of evaluation, decisions to overcome

problems and improve service made in consultation with the workplace team, feedback to group and/or individual staffs, responsibility for meeting client requirements, actions required for improvement, review of actions.

Analyse client expectations: Client consultation records, client’s current concerns, treatment/service objectives and overall treatment/service plan, client feedback, staff’s reflection of treatment, review appointment records for further treatments, treatment brochure, relevant qualified staffs, professionalism, complaint records.

Quality assurance and inspection processes used within businesses in the hair and beauty sector: Quality management standards (ISO, BSI, CEN), national and european industry standards, thrid-party certification; policy and procedure, morale of staff, continuous professional development programme, communication methods, record keeping, business planning, targets and goals achieved, professionalism, client feedback, staff feedback, team work, health and safety, mutual respect, consistency in maintenance, monitoring and evaluation of service and retail delivery, procedure to deal with client concerns, review of policy.

Client satisfaction survey: Consistent communication, interpretation of information, implementation of strategies

UV40464 137

Outcome 1: Be able to review the overall client service experience as part of quality assurance (continued)

for improvement, dissatisfaction reports dealt with, allergic reactions, waiting and/or treatment time, retail products, cost-related complaints, areas for improvement, action to be taken, feedback, review.

Value of feedback and client complaints in reviewing the client service experience: Monitor and evaluate to analyse data, improve services offered, product choice and client satisfaction, availability of new products and services, increased professionalism, valued clients, quality assurance.

Impact of client satisfaction on the business: Growth of client base, increase in appointments, avoid re-appointments, financial implications, client experience, critical evaluation, adaptation, improvements, monitoring, review, professional development, consultation techniques, correct product recommendations, trust, loyalty, business growth.

Meeting client’s expectations: Resources, value for money, initial consultation, treatment/service outcomes, treatment/service plan, competence, professionalism, communication, knowledge of products, quality assurance, business growth, success.

UV40464138

Outcome 2: Be able to implement and monitor procedures to improve the overall client service experience

Approaches to, or ways of, improving the client service experience: Personal appearance, qualified staff, interpersonal skills, communication skills, latest techniques offered, salon environment, up-to-date equipment, hygiene and sterilisation, time management, consistency, reliability, variety of treatments, consultations, home care and aftercare advice, client satisfaction charter, achieving agreed client expectations or specifications.

Engage staff in consultation necessary for effective implementation of a quality scheme: Continuous professional development, motivation, inclusiveness, communication skills, feedback, documentation records, responsibilities, goals and targets, review.

Effectiveness of newly implemented procedures: Impact on business, review new procedures, set time constraints for monitoring, re-survey clients, analysis of findings, fully inclusive review.

New systems or modifications to existing systems that could improve the client service experience: Goals to develop customer service, client profile, client expectations, client records, loyalty rewards, promotional events, exclusive products, special themes, uniqueness, event planning.

Quality management of client care: Initial consultation, attentiveness, respectfulness, professionalism, communication and listening skills, client requirements, knowledge of the treatments, knowledge of product, individual treatment plan,

agreed outcomes, commitment to quality, continuous professional development.

Different approaches to quality management of client care within the hair and beauty sector: Quality management system, KPIs (Key Performance Indicators), SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timely), client satisfaction, treatment productivity, retail sales, re-appointments, high standards through the code of conduct, competency, training and education, set standards, salon policies, client perceptions, staff morale, personal/team/client safety, salon goals, accountability, teamwork, client feedback and review.

Importance of staff engagement to the success of newly implemented procedures: Employee involvement, KPIs, responsibility, system based approach, motivation to perform, competent qualified staffs, culture of respect, constructive feedback, opportunities for advancement, training sessions, continuous professional development.

Important to monitor the effectiveness of newly implemented procedures: Client needs, client satisfaction, surveys, focus groups, comment cards, responsibilities, co-operative, accommodating, professionalism, accurate record keeping, relevant information communicated to all, equipment maintained, stock managed effectively, review of client feedback, staff feedback, analyse, action plan for further improvement.

UV40464 139

Factors necessary for continuous improvement: Professional development, quality qualified staff, investment in business, ongoing training, competitive edge, reaching targets, teamwork, transfer of skills and knowledge, new treatments, products, documented research, changes to the industry.

Quality management can be measured: Employee happiness, number of sick days, lateness, staff turnover, client satisfaction (re-appointments, client complaints), meeting KPIs, metrics for KPIs, organisational success, set measurable objectives, evaluate progress, monitor trends, make improvements, support decision making, quantifiable, appropriate, data gathering, SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely), report, analyse, action required, record keeping, monitor, evaluate, review.

Outcome 2: Be able to implement and monitor procedures to improve the overall client service experience (continued)

UV40464140

Notes Use this area for notes and diagrams

UV40463Physiology of ageing

This is a preparation for work unit which is based on knowledge and understanding. This unit is about the nature of ageing, causes and effects of ageing on the body systems, and the beauty treatments and products that may delay the ageing process.

UV40463_v10

GLH

Credit value

Level

Observations

External paper(s)

64

10

4

0

1



UV40463

Physiology of ageing

1. Understand the nature of ageing

2. Understand the causes and effects of ageing of the skin

3. Understand the causes and effects of degenerative disorders as a result of the ageing process

4. Understand how beauty therapy treatments and products may delay the ageing process



3. External paper Knowledge and understanding in this unit will be assessed by an external paper. The criteria that make up this paper are highlighted in white throughout this unit. There is one external paper that must be achieved.

143






UV40463144





1 of 1

Knowledge

Outcome 1

Understand the nature of ageing


a. Describe the characteristics of ageing

b. Explain the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic environmental effects on the skin which contribute to the ageing process

c. Critically compare different theories of ageing

d. Explain the ageing process in cells and tissues


UV40463 145

Outcome 2

Understand the causes and effects of ageing of the skin


a. Analyse the changes which occur to the repair mechanisms of the skin with ageing

b. Explain how ageing causes microscopic changes to the structure of skin

c. Evaluate the causes of changes to the skin when ageing

d. Explain pathological conditions of the skin which may occur as a result of ageing

e. Explain the ageing effect of UV on the skin

f. Recommend precautions to minimise damage caused by UV light


UV40463146

Outcome 3

Understand the causes and effects of degenerative disorders as a result of the ageing process


a. Explain possible causes of degenerative disorders and their effects on the:

• skeletal system

• muscular system

• nervous system

• cardiovascular system

• immune system

• respiratory system

b. Describe contra-indications to beauty therapy treatments when a degenerative disorder is present


UV40463 147

Outcome 4

Understand how beauty therapy treatments and products may delay the ageing process


a. Justify how beauty therapy treatments and products may delay the skin ageing process

b. Evaluate the performance of beauty therapy treatments and products considered to delay the ageing process


UV40463148

Outcome 1: Understand the nature of ageing

Unit content


UV40463 149

Characteristics of ageing: Chronological, physiological and functional ageing, senescence, senility, biogerontology, geriatrics, longevity, demography, disease, morbidity, mortality, structural changes (height, muscle mass, hip diameter, elasticity, lung function), compositional changes (water content, fat content), functional changes (movement, respiration, fertility, cardiac function, blood pressure, digestion, excretion).

Intrinsic environmental effects on the skin:

Internal and natural causes – reduced collagen and elastin production, slower rate skin renewal, poor desquamation, hormones.

Extrinsic environmental effects on the skin:

External causes – sun exposure, facial expressions, gravity, sleep, hydration, smoking, alcohol, diet and nutrition, chemicals, products.

Theories of ageing (genetic and non-genetic theories): Programmed death theory, DNA error theory, cellular theory, free radical theory, collagen theory, mutating auto-immune theory, neuro-ageing theory, nutritional theory, ageing by program, gene theory, gene mutation theory, cross-linkage theory, cellular garbage theory, accumulation of errors theory, wear and tear theory, auto-immune theory.

Ageing process in cells and tissues:

Cellular changes – membrane-transport changes, reduced fluidity, nuclear (faulty DNA, protein synthesis errors, reduced organelle manufacturing, membrane defects, cross linking, condensed chromatin, reduced mitosis), cytoplasmic (lipofuscin), ribosomal (reduced numbers), mitochondrial (reduced numbers, membrane disorganisation), lysosomal (reduced efficiency).

Tissues – reduced tissue mass (atrophy), increased cell size (hypertrophy), increased cell numbers (hyperplasia), abnormal cell size, shape, reduced function (dysplasia), tumour formation (neoplasia), reduced mitosis, increased pigment (lipofuscin), increased lipids, reduced cell/tissue function, increased waste.

Outcome 2: Understand the causes and effects of ageing of the skin

UV40463150

Repair mechanism of the skin:

Wound healing process – haemostasis (clotting), inflammatory (phagocytosis), autolysis, cell migration and division, proliferation (granulation, angiogenesis, collagen deposition, tissue formation, epithelialisation, wound contraction), remodelling (collagen remodelled along tension lines, apoptosis, growth factors).

Changes to the repair mechanisms (ageing): Reduced ability and slower rate of repair, microscopic changes to the structure of skin during ageing, melanocytes (numbers decline, density doubles upon sun exposure, increased lentigines), Langerhans cells (reduced density and responsiveness), dermal changes (reduced collagen, decreased density, loss of elasticity).

Causes of changes to the skin when ageing: Reduced activity of sebaceous and sudoriferous glands (dryness, heat exhaustion), hardened elastin (loss of elasticity), cross-linking and hardening collagen (wrinkles), reduced skin regeneration, increased scaling, reduced number fibroblasts (thinning skin/transparency), less subcutaneous fat (bony appearance), reduced muscle tone (flaccid muscles), poor circulation (visible/broken capillaries), reduced metabolism and poor waste elimination (dull and sallow complexion/puffiness), hyperplasis (enlarged naevi, seborrheic warts, verruca filiformis), melanocyte enlargement (pigmentation), hormonal changes (terminal hair growth).

Pathological conditions of the skin which may occur as a result of ageing: Acrochordon/skin tag, actinic keratosis, angiomas, cancer (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma), decubitus ulcers, easy tearing, eczematous dermatitis, asteatotic eczema, nummular eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, gravitational eczema, autoeczematization eczema, elastotic skin and comedones, herpes zoster, laxity, lentigo, naevi, pruritus, purpura, rosacea, seborrheic keratosis, telangiectasia, verruca filiformis, vitiligo, xerosis.

Ageing effect of UV on the skin: Abnormal elastin production, accelerated ageing, actinic keratosis, affected DNA repair, altered cell death, bruising, collagen and elastin breakdown, free radical generation, hyper/hypo-pigmentation, lowered immunity, photosensitivity, seborrheic keratosis, tumours/cancers.

Recommended precautions to minimise damage caused by UV light: Avoid UV sunbeds, awareness of medications and cosmetic procedures causing photosensitivity, diet and nutrition, minimise exposure, protective clothing, shade, use sunscreen.

Outcome 3: Understand the causes and effects of degenerative disorders as a result of the ageing process

UV40463 151

Degenerative disorders (causes and effects):

Skeletal system – bursitis, fractures, gout, kyphosis, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tumours.

Muscular system – lumbago, muscle cramps, muscle atrophy, muscle dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, polymyalgia rheumatic.

Nervous system – anxiety, dementia (Alzheimer’s disease, non-Alzheimer’s dementias, multi-infarction dementia), depression, insomnia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, reduced reflex response, reduced autonomic response.

Cardiovascular system – angina pectoris, arrhythmias, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, pacemaker, phlebitis, stroke, thrombosis, varicose veins.

Immune system – decreased immune response, reduced bone marrow, lymphoma.

Respiratory system – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (emphysema, chronic bronchitis), pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary embolism.

Contra-indications: Contagious skin diseases, dysfunction of the nervous system, heart disease/disorder, pacemaker, recent scar tissue, undiagnosed lumps and swellings, medication causing thinning or inflammation of the skin (steroids, accutane, retinols), recent dermabrasion, diabetes, epiliepsy, high/low blood

pressure, micro-pigmentation, history of thrombosis or embolism, botox, dermal fillers, metal pins or plates, medication, pregnancy, piercings, anxiety, cuts, abrasions, bruising, irritation, allergic reaction, excessive erythema, muscle fatigue, hyper/hypo-pigmentation.

Outcome 4: Understand how beauty therapy treatments and products may delay the ageing process

UV40463152

Skin effects: Hydration, moisturising effects, exfoliation, cell regeneration, collagen promotion, nutrients, cell metabolism, fine lines and wrinkles, desquamation, acid mantle.

Pentapeptides: Increase collagen and elastin production in the skin.

Collagen and elastin: Reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and improves elasticity, promotes firmer skin, similar to a ‘filler’ effect.

Fatty acids: Combination of fatty acids and synthetic peptides enable deeper penetration for collagen stimulation.

Retinol (Vitamin A compound): Anti-oxidant, breaks down free radicals, free radicals cause wrinkles.

Hydroxy acids: Exfoliating effect, stimulates growth of smooth evenly pigmented new skin.

Enzymes: Nutrients regulate energy in cells, reduces the appearance of fine lines.

Copper peptides: Enhance wound healing, stimulate collagen production.

Electrotherapy treatments: Improve muscle tone, plumping out fine lines and wrinkles, promote deeper penetration of skincare products, improve lymphatic circulation which aids cell metabolism.

Microdermabrasion: Removal of fine surface layer of skin, vacuum suction and aluminium oxide crystals, subtle temporary results.

IPL and Laser (non-ablative lasers): Heat to the dermis causes new collagen and elastin production.

Evaluate the effectiveness of beauty therapy treatments: Consultation, client requirements, desired results, before and after photographs, course of treatments, treatment plans, home care products, client satisfaction, record keeping.

UV30474Provide electrical epilation

This unit is about the skills involved in assessing, preparing for and carrying out electrical needle epilation treatments to remove hair using alternating current and blend techniques. You will also need to show you can competently advise clients on the care needed after electrical epilation.

To carry out this unit you will need to maintain effective health, safety and hygiene procedures throughout their work.

UV30474_v12

GLH

Credit value

Level

Observation(s)

External paper(s)

88

11

3

6

1



UV30474

Provide electrical epilation

1. Be able to prepare for electrical epilation

2. Be able to provide electrical epilation

155


2. SimulationSimulation is not allowed in this unit.

3. Observation outcomes Competent performance of ‘Observation’ outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least six occasions.




7. External paper Knowledge and understanding in this unit will be assessed by an external paper. The criteria that make up this paper are highlighted in white throughout this unit. There is one external paper that must be achieved.


Achieving range



UV30474




The range section indicates what must be covered. Ranges should be practically demonstrated as part of an observation. Where this is not possible other forms of evidence may be produced. All ranges must be covered.



156

Outcome 1

Observations

You can:




Be able to prepare for electrical epilation

a. Prepare yourself, client and work area for electrical epilation treatments


c. Carry out skin and hair analysis

d. Select products, tools and equipment to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

e. Provide clear recommendations to the client

UV30474 157

Outcome 2

You can:




d. Use products, tools, equipment and techniques to suit client treatment needs

e. Insert the needle into the hair follicle with regard to depth and angle

Be able to provide electrical epilation


UV30474158






Range



Questioning

Visual


Dealt with a minimum of 1 of the necessary actions Portfolio reference

Encouraging the client to seek medical advice

Explaining why the treatment cannot be carried out

Modification of treatment


Upper lip

Chin

Bikini line

Eyebrows

Underarms

Neck


UV30474 159

Used all the types of needle Portfolio reference

One piece

Two piece

Insulated

Gold


Dealt with all hair types Portfolio reference

Fine

Coarse

Curly

Dealt with all skin types and conditions Portfolio reference

Dry

Oily

Sensitive

Dehydrated

Mature

Carried out all electrical epilation treatments Portfolio reference

Alternating currents

Blend


UV30474160

Given all the types of advice Portfolio reference



Home care

Dealing with regrowth between treatments










1 of 1

UV30474 161

Knowledge

Outcome 1

Be able to prepare for electrical epilation


f. Describe the different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives

g. Explain the contra-indications that prevent or restrict electrical epilation treatment

h. Describe health and safety working practices

i. Explain the importance of carrying out detailed hair and skin analysis

j. Describe how to select products, tools and equipment to suit client needs

k. Describe the environmental conditions suitable for electrical epilation treatments


UV30474162

Outcome 2



i. Describe how to select the needle type and size to suit hair and skin types

j. Describe how to work on different hair growth patterns and treatment areas

k. Explain the consequences of inaccurate probing

l. Explain the principles, uses and benefits of galvanic, short wave diathermy and blend

m. Describe how treatments can be adapted to suit client treatment needs, skin, hair types and conditions

n. Describe how moisture gradient in the skin affects the electrical epilation treatment

o. State the contra-actions that may occur during and following treatments

p. Describe the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment

q. Describe the aftercare advice that should be provided

r. Describe the suitable methods of dealing with regrowth between treatments

s. Describe different skin types, conditions, diseases and disorders

t. Describe the structure, growth and repair of the skin

u. Describe the structure and function of the hair


UV30474 163




v. Describe the hair types, growth patterns and causes of hair growth

w. Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system and its effect on hair growth

x. Describe the structure and function of circulatory and lymphatic systems


UV30474164

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for electrical epilation

Unit content


UV30474 165

Management of health and safety at work: Cleaning up spillages, report slippery surfaces, remove/report obstacles, good all round access to trolleys and equipment, sterilise or disinfect tools, equipment and work surfaces, personal protective equipment.

Electricity at work: Checking/visual check of equipment, no trailing wires, portable appliance testing.

Manual handling: Moving stock, lifting, working heights, unpacking, posture, deportment, balance weight, preserve back, prevent slouching.

Towels: Clean for every client, dirty towels in covered bin.

Liability insurance: Employers, public, professional indemnity.

Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences: Accident book, reporting diseases, local bye-laws, code of conduct, risk assessment.

Control of substances hazardous to health regulations: Replace lids, ventilation for vapour and dust, avoid over exposure to chemicals, correct use of chemicals, follow storage handling use and disposal, correct disposal of contaminated waste, products, check end date, packaging, store away from heat, damp and direct sunlight, dispose of contaminated waste in a closed top bin, relevant manufacturer’s instructions, no smoking, eating, drinking.

Health and safety legislation: Data protection legislation, electricity at work

legislation, employer’s liability (compulsory insurance), fire precautions legislation, first aid at work, health and safety at work, local government legislation, occupier’s liability, local bye-laws.

Regulations: Control of substances hazardous to health, management of health and safety at work, manual handling, personal protective equipment, reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences, workplace (health and welfare).

Hazards and risks: A hazard is something that has the potential to cause harm. A risk is the likelihood of a hazard happening.

Employer responsibility: Current and valid liability insurance, display health and safety rules (covering staff, employees, clients, fire evacuation), provide regular training, accurate record keeping, monitoring.

Hazards: Something with potential to cause harm, requiring immediate legislation, level of responsibility, report, nominated personnel, duty to recognize/deal with hazards.

Equipment: Only used for intended purpose, safe usage, handling, storage, cleaning, lifting, visual checks, worn, faulty, repairs, maintenance, portable appliance testing, correct disposal of contaminated waste, records.


Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for electrical epilation (continued)

UV30474166

Security (people): Staff, clients, visitors, children, personal belongings, systems (security, emergency evacuation, storage, client records, business information).


Reasons for risk assessment: Staff, visitor, client health and safety, safe environment, minimising hazards and risks, requirement of legislation.

Hygiene: General – sterilise and sanitise tools, disinfect work surfaces, cover cuts and abrasions, sanitise therapist hands before and after treatments, sanitise with sprays and gels, clean towels between clients, dirty towels in covered bin, disposable towels, dispense products with a spatula, pump or spray, disposables used wherever possible, no smoking, personal hygiene, replace loose lids, uncapped bottles and pots.

Disinfection – heat or chemical methods, bactericides, fungicides, viricides, UV cabinet for storage only.

Disposal of waste: Single use items, pedal bin with a liner, spillages and unused chemicals, contaminated waste (sharps box), hazardous waste, environmental protection.

Therapist posture and deportment: Correct posture when sitting, correct posture when lifting, correct posture when carrying, working methods to avoid Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), hand

exercises, standing posture, even weight distribution, client comfort, maintain modesty, client correctly positioned to get maximum benefit from treatment, ensure therapist positioning delivers appropriate techniques, appropriate space between client and therapist, prevent injury, optimum results, allow for visual checks.



Communication: Verbal – speaking manner and tone, professional, supportive, respectful, sensitive to client, open questioning related to treatment.

Non-verbal – eye contact, body language, listening.

Record keeping: Accurate appointment systems, stationery, loyalty, rewards, acknowledgement of occasions, consultation record keeping, contra-indications, signatures, refer to existing records, information clear and accurate, logical order, name, address, contact numbers, age range, reason for treatment, occupation, sport/hobbies, medical history, allergies/hypersensitivity, contact lenses, contra-actions, contra-indications, skin sensitivity tests, adaptations and modifications, recommendations, requirement, treatment plan, update record at the end of the treatment, update at each visit, records

Outcome 1: Be able to prepare for electrical epilation (continued)

UV30474 167

maintained electronically, paper records.

Professional appearance: Clean professional uniform, no jewellery, hair neatly tied back fringe secured, closed in footwear, make-up (light day make-up), personal hygiene and cleanliness (shower/bath, cover cuts and abrasions, deodorant or antiperspirant, oral hygiene, clean teeth, fresh breath), nails (good condition and maintained), no piercings.

Professional ethical conduct: Polite, cheerful and friendly manner (friendly facial expressions, positive attitude, eye contact), open body language, client relations, confidentiality, respect for colleagues and competitors, avoid gossip, take pride in work, punctuality, employer and client loyalty.

Example of contra-indications that may prevent treatment: Haemophilia, heart disorders, pace-makers, contagious diseases and disorders, nickel allergy.

Contra-indications that may restrict treatment: Hepatitis B, HIV, steroid drugs, endocrine disorders, metal plates & pins, cardiovascular disorders, loss of tactile sensation, skin disorders and diseases, hairy moles, pregnancy, drugs/alcohol, cuts/abrasions/bruising, emotional problems, dermagraphic skin condition, micro-dermabrasion or dermabrasion, chemical peels, latex allergy (wear vinyl gloves), certain medications (e.g. Roacutane, Retin A), breast implants (under arm), epilepsy, diabetes, psoriasis, eczema.

Areas contra-indicated to electrolysis: Nostrils, ears, eyelashes.

Patch test – recommended 24hrs before treatment.

Interpret results of skin sensitivity test (thermal sensitivity test)Positive – red, itchy, irritated, swelling and painful).

Negative – no change to skin.

Contra-actions: Erythema, oedema, blanching, minor blood spots, rash, bruising, burns, broken/ ingrowing hairs, histamine/allergic reaction.

Response to contra-actions: Discontinue treatment, take remedial action.

Outcome 2: Be able to provide electrical epilation

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Products: Cotton wool, tissues, couch roll, disposable spatulas, cotton buds, sanitising solutions, skin cleanser, aftercare soothing lotion/gel, disposable gloves, antiseptic hand cleansing gel, (use of products in compliance with manufacturer’s instructions)

Tools – forceps, probe holder, needles (one piece/two piece/stainless steel/insulated/gold/various sizes, sharps box.

Equipment – diathermy, blend, magnifying lamp.

Short wave diathermy: Produces intense heat at the base of the follicle, high oscillations of current cauterises blood flow to the follicle.

Galvanic epilation: Direct current flows down the probe into the follicle, current mixes with natural fluid to form a chemical called lye, lye cauterises blood flow to the follicle.

Blend method: Combines both short wave diathermy and galvanic and so offers a more speedy treatment, beneficial for sensitive skins.

Needle types: Stainless steel, insulated steel, gold, platinum, pre-packed and sterilised (gamma irradiation/ethylene oxide gas) in disposable packets.

Needle sizes: Two piece and one piece needles, 002, 003 (fine hair growth e.g. top lip, forearms), 004 (for average hair growth e.g. chin, bikini area), 005 (for coarse body hair e.g. bikini line), 006 (for very coarse body hair), match needle size to hair diameter.

Factors that influence current intensity: Pain threshold, skin type/sensitivity, hair type/texture, area to be treated, length

of application time, needle size, previous treatments given, stretch and manipulate skin during treatment, accurate insertion of needle (angle and depth), adaptation and modification of treatment if necessary, removal of hairs without traction, post-treatment cataphoresis.

Moisture gradient: Galvanic current only affects the tissue where it encounters moisture, galvanic current converts tissue moisture and body salts into lye, moisture gradient ensures the largest amount of galvanic action is concentrated on the moist area of the lower follicle without causing damage to the surface skin.

Aftercare: Avoidance of activities which may cause contra-actions, recommending intervals between electrical epilation treatments, no touching the area, no wearing face powder, no using any form of perfumed products, no make-up on the area treated for 24 hours, no sunbathing/sun beds, no deodorant (under arm only) for 24 hours, avoidance of heat treatments of any type for 24 hours, no swimming in chlorinated/salt water, avoidance of fake tanning products prior to epilation,

Home care: Recommended homecare products and skin care regime, the benefits of drinking recommended water intake.

Causes of hair growth and growth patterns: Hormonal changes, hereditary, ethnic characteristics, puberty, pregnancy, menopause, glandular changes, topical changes (e.g. tweezing, waxing or steroid creams), environmental changes, emotional changes, surgical changes (e.g. hysterectomy), Iatrogenic hirsutism, chemotherapy, antibiotics, contraceptive pill, HRT, anti-depressants.

Outcome 2: Be able to provide electrical epilation (continued)

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Growth patterns: Hypertrichosis (causes – genetic, ethnic factors, follicle sensitivity).

Endocrine causes of hirsutism: pituitary tumour, adrenal tumour, adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian tumour, polycystic ovaries.

Probing Faults: Indentations (pitting), tissue damage, black or blue marks (bruising) blanching, hyper-pigmentation, hypo-pigmentation, raised lumps, using bent or blunt probes, insufficient current strength, inaccurate needle insertion, operating too quickly, using faulty equipment.

Skin types: Normal, oily, dry.

Skin conditions: Mature, sensitive, dehydrated, congested.

Skin characteristics: Sensitive – often pale skins, dry, colour easily, redness, react to products.

Dehydrated – normal sebaceous secretions but still flaky, tight.

Mature – loss of elasticity, loose muscle tone, wrinkles.

Normal – fine texture, no visible pores, smooth, supple, flexible.

Oily – shiny, slight thickening, sallow, coarse texture, enlarged pores, congestion, comedones.

Combination – combination of two or more skin types, usually oily T zone, normal or dry on cheeks.

Dry – lacks moisture, dry to touch, flakiness, fine texture, thin, tight, small pores, broken capillaries, ageing.

Skin:Epidermis – stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.

Dermis – blood/lymph supply, papillary layer, reticular layer, collagen, elastin, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, hair, dermal papilla, sebaceous glands and sebum, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine), sensory nerve endings.

Hypodermis – subcutaneous layer, adipose tissue, adipocytes.

Functions of the skin – secretion, heat regulation, absorption, protection, elimination, sensation, vitamin D production, melanin production, understand the process of keratinisation.

Hair structure: Arrector pili muscle, hair follicle, inner root sheath (Henle’s layer, Huxley’s layer, cuticle layer), outer root sheath, vitreous membrane, connective tissue sheath, root (bulb/matrix, dermal papilla), sebaceous gland, shaft (medulla, cortex, cuticle).



Examples of skin diseases and disorders: Congenital – eczema, psoriasis.

Bacterial – acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, folliculitis, boils (furuncles), impetigo.

Viral – warts, verruca, herpes simplex (HSV), herpes zoster.

Fungal – tinea (pedis, corporis, ungium).

Infestations – scabies, pediculosis


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(capitas, pubis).

Pigmentation – vitiligo, albinism, chloasma, ephelides, lentigo, papilloma, naevae, port/wine stains.

Others – basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanomas.

Examples of diseases and disorders of the hair: Hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth), public lice, body lice.

Structure and function of the endocrine system: Responsible for the secretion of hormones, pituitary gland, pineal gland, gonads (the sex glands), adrenal glands, thyroid gland, para-thyroid glands, pancreas gland, thymus gland.

Other glands: Sweat or sudordiferous glands, cerominous or wax producing glands, pancreas.

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary: Somatotrphin (Growth Hormone), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adreno-cortico Tropic Hormone (ACTH), Gonadotropic Hormone (GTH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinising Hormone (LH), Prolactin.

Hormones secreted by the posterior lobe: Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone ADH), Oxytocin.

Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland: Thyroxine and Triidothyronine, Calcitonin.

Hormones secreted by the parathyroid glands: Parathormone.

Hormones secreted by the pancreas: Insulin, glucagons.

Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla: Adrenalin, noradrenalin.

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex: Andrenocortical, adrenocorticotrophic (steroid hormones), mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadotropic.

The gonads (sex glands): Ovaries (oestrogen, progesterone), testes (testosterone).

Heart Structure: Heart wall (endocardium, myocardium, pericardium), aorta, atria, bicuspid (mitral) valve, chordae tendineae, inferior and superior vena cava, papillary muscles, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, semilunar valves (aortic & pulmonary), septum, tricuspid valve, ventricles.

Functions of cardiovascular system: Transport, defence, clotting, regulation and homeostasis.

Blood vessels: Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries.

Circuits: Pulmonary circulation, portal circulation, coronary circulation, systemic circulation.

Major arteries of the head & neck: Carotid, facial, occipital, temporal.

Major veins of the head & neck: Jugular, occipital, temporal, maxillary, facial.

Major arteries of the body: Aorta, descending aorta, subclavian, carotid, pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, mesenteric, iliac, vertebral, axillary, brachial, ulnar, radial, palmar arch, femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, plantar arch.

Major veins of the body: Vena cava (inferior & superior), pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, iliac, axillary, brachial, basilic, cephalic, subclavian, saphenous (long & short), venous arch, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, anterior tibial.


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Composition of blood: Plasma, leucocytes (granulocytes & agranulocytes), erythrocytes, thrombocytes.

Functions of the lymphatic system: Subsidiary circulation (lymph formation), immunity, return of lost plasma proteins to the blood, transport dietary lipids.

Lymphatic components: Lymph, lymph capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts (thoracic & right lymphatic duct), subclavian veins.

Lymphatic nodes: Location of axillary, cervical (superficial & deep), inguinal, intestinal, occipital, popliteal, post-auricular, pre-auricular (parotid), supratrochlear.

Other lymphoid tissue: Appendix, peyers patches, spleen, tonsils, thymus.

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Notes Use this area for making notes and drawing diagrams

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