Reactions to World War I and the Treaty of Versailles Reactions to the Treaty of Versailles Based on your readings and viewing of the World War I videos, which world regions would be considered the winners of the Paris Peace Conference/Treaty of Versailles? Why? Based on your readings and viewing of the World War I videos, which world regions would be considered the losers of the Paris Peace Conference/Treaty of Versailles? Why? The Rise of Nationalist Movements After World War I The Middle East - Turkey 1923: Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Ataturk) forms nationalist government Expels large Greek population; Armenian Genocide Abolishes sultanate Turkey is a secular republic Introduced European laws Suppressed Muslim courts and schools Women gain equal rights (vote, elections) The Middle East - the Mandate System Arabs expect self- determination b/c of contributions to Allies victory Compromise between Wilsons Fourteen Points and colonization Mandates British and French temporarily take control of Middle East while it recovers Increased Arab resistance to mandates Syria, Iraq, Lebanon The Middle East Mandate System Balfour Declaration British promised Zionists (promoted Jewish homeland) and Arab Muslims a Homeland if they support Allies in WW1 Promised same territory Neither gets what they were promised Other changes: Growth of rural populations Nomads disappear from desert Adopt European education, style, urban planning (Cairo) Southeast Asia Vietnam Early 20 th Century: French colonize Indochina and get rid of resistance efforts Introduce Western-style education, democracy Rise in communism from Chinese influence Emergence of resistance groups Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth led by Ho Chi Minh Vietnamese Nationalist Party Nguyen Thai Hoc Sub-Saharan Africa General Trends WW1 increased nationalist movements by weakening European powers Colonies provide: food, raw materials, troops, fill posts previously reserved for Europeans After WW1, Europeans kept few promises of economic improvement Rise of African-led strikes and civil disobedience South Asia Indian National Congress led push for independence from Britain 1919: gain power over provincial (regional) governments from Britain Mohandas Gandhi Stressed non-violent protests, boycotts, strikes, non- cooperation Satyagraha 1920s 1930s surge of protests and strikes