Reaction between metals and non-

metals

Reaction of metals with oxygenMagnesium Very fast Magnesium oxide

(white)

Aluminium Very fast (vigorously)

Aluminium oxide (white)

Zinc Fast Zinc oxide (yellow when hot, white when cool)

Iron Fast Iron oxide (dark brown)

Lead Moderately fast Lead oxide (black)

Tin Slow Tin oxide (black)

Copper slow Copper oxide (black)

Reaction of metals with sulphurMagnesium Very fast Magnesium sulphide

(white)

Aluminium Very fast (vigorously)

Aluminium sulphide (white)

Zinc Fast Zinc sulphide (white)

Iron Fast Iron sulphide (dack grey)

Lead Slow Lead sulphide (black)

Tin Very slow Tin sulphide (black)

Copper Very slow Copper oxide (black)

Silicon Compounds

Silica and silicate

Silicon

ShinyBluish-greyBrittle metalloid with a high melting point

Characteristic Silica Silicate

Solubility in water

Insoluble Insoluble (except sodium

silicate)

Action by heat Do not decompose

Do not decompose

React with acids

No reaction No reaction

React with alkaline

Form silicate salt and water

No reaction

Characteristic

Silica – silicon dioxide

Sand Quartz

Flint – 打火石 /燧石

Silicate – metal silicate

Clay – aluminium silicate Mica – potassium aluminium silicate

Silicate – metal silicate

asbestos – calcium silicate +magnesium silicate

Feldspar – potassium aluminium silicate + sodium aluminium silicate

Silicate – metal silicate

Silica gel Sodium silicate

Coloured silicate

Topaz – 黃晶 Jade

Coloured silicate

Ruby

A reactive metal Does not exist in pure form in nature

Combine with other elements to form carbonate

Calcium compounds

Calcium compounds

Lime stone Marble

Calcium compounds

Sea shell Corals

Calcium compounds

Stalactites Stalagmites

Calcium compounds

Compound consists of calcium, carbon and oxygen

Does not dissolve in water React with acids to form calcium salt, water and carbon dioxide

Decompose on strong heating to form calcium oxide(quiclime 生石灰 ) and carbon dioxide

Properties of Calcium carbonates

Calcium oxide dissolves a little water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime 熟石灰 )

- plenty of heat is released - a hissing sound is produced - effervescence( 起泡 ) occurs - calcium oxid swells and break up

Properties of Calcium carbonates

Solid calcium hydroxide dissolves in water to form calcium hydroxide solution (lime water)

Lime water react with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate and water (lime water turns chalky)

Properties of Calcium carbonates

Calcium compounds

Properties Uses

Calcium carbonate

-Insoluble-React with acid to produce salt, water and carbon dioxide

-make antacids and pills-make cement-marble table

Calcium oxide

-a white solid-does not melt when heated-react vigorously with water

-make plaster-drying agent-calcium carbide ( 碳化物）

Calcium hydroxide

-is alkaline-turns red litmus paper blue

-neutralise acidic soil-make soda lime

Uses of calcium compounds