rdbms login dfd and modular diagram

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DFD Diagram and other Documentation

Login system data flow

1. Form takes user name and password from the user and sends for authentication page.

2. The authentication page takes the data and verify the data coming with the values present

in the database

3. The password present in the data-base is present in encrypted form using MD5 hashing

algorithm.

4. The password from the users end is hashed and then matched with the password stored in

the database, and if they match the user level is retrieved from the database, else the user is

redirected to login page with an error message.

5. After retrieval of the user level the user is identified as a client user or as an Admin user.

6. Once the level of user is finalized, a corresponding page is displayed viz, for client (his

credentials and other stored data), and for admin a control panel is displayed.

DFD Dia ram



Modules wise description



Snap shots for the app developed so far:

Login:

After login as administrator :



Registration page:

User management page:

Forgot password:



The Advantages of PHP

PHP is one of the most popular server side scripting languages running today. It is used for creating

dynamic webpages that interact with the user offering customized information. PHP offers many

advantages; it is fast, stable, secure, easy to use and open source (free).

Rasmus Lerdorf wrote the first PHP (first called Personal Home Page) scripts as a series of Perl scripts

that he used to track visitors to his webpage and to see who was viewing his resume. He eventually

rewrote PHP as a scripting engine and added support for forms. PHP has been evolving since 1994 as

an open source code. A community of followers and developers formed and began using and further

developing PHP. Over the years the Personal Home Page acronym was dropped and it evolved into

the PHP Hypertext Preprocessor.

About the Hashing algorithm used in login system

The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm is a widely used cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit (16-

byte) hash value. Specified in RFC 1321, MD5 has been employed in a wide variety of security applications, and

is also commonly used to check data integrity. However, it has been shown that MD5 is not collision resistant;[3]

as such, MD5 is not suitable for applications like SSL certificates or digital signatures that rely on this property.

An MD5 hash is typically expressed as a 32-digit hexadecimal number.

Algorithm

Figure 1. One MD5 operation. MD5 consists of 64 of these operations, grouped in four rounds of 16 operations. F is a

nonlinear function; one function is used in each round. M i denotes a 32-bit block of the message input, and K i denotes a

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MD5.svg



32-bit constant, different for each operation. s denotes a left bit rotation by s places; s varies for each operation.

denotes addition modulo 232.

MD5 processes a variable-length message into a fixed-length output of 128 bits. The input message

is broken up into chunks of 512-bit blocks (sixteen 32-bit little endian integers); the message ispadded so that its length is divisible by 512. The padding works as follows: first a single bit, 1, is

appended to the end of the message. This is followed by as many zeros as are required to bring the

length of the message up to 64 bits fewer than a multiple of 512. The remaining bits are filled up with

a 64-bit little endian integer representing the length of the original message, in bits.

The main MD5 algorithm operates on a 128-bit state, divided into four 32-bit words, denoted A, B, C

and D. These are initialized to certain fixed constants. The main algorithm then operates on each 512-

bit message block in turn, each block modifying the state. The processing of a message block

consists of four similar stages, termed rounds; each round is composed of 16 similar operationsbased on a non-linear functionF, modular addition, and left rotation. Figure 1 illustrates one operation

within a round. There are four possible functions F; a different one is used in each round:

denote the XOR, AND, OR and NOT operations respectively.

The MD5 hash is calculated according to this algorithm:

Pseudo code

//Note: All variables are unsigned 32 bits and wrap modulo 2^32 when

calculating

var int[64] r, k

//r specifies the per-round shift amounts

r[ 0..15] := {7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22}

r[16..31] := {5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20}

r[32..47] := {4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23}

r[48..63] := {6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21}

//Use binary integer part of the sines of integers (Radians) as constants:

for i from 0 to 63

k[i] := floor(abs(sin(i + 1)) × (2 pow 32))

end for //(Or just use the following table):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boxplus.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lll.png















k[ 0.. 3] := { 0xd76aa478, 0xe8c7b756, 0x242070db, 0xc1bdceee }

k[ 4.. 7] := { 0xf57c0faf, 0x4787c62a, 0xa8304613, 0xfd469501 }

k[ 8..11] := { 0x698098d8, 0x8b44f7af, 0xffff5bb1, 0x895cd7be }

k[12..15] := { 0x6b901122, 0xfd987193, 0xa679438e, 0x49b40821 }

k[16..19] := { 0xf61e2562, 0xc040b340, 0x265e5a51, 0xe9b6c7aa }

k[20..23] := { 0xd62f105d, 0x02441453, 0xd8a1e681, 0xe7d3fbc8 }

k[24..27] := { 0x21e1cde6, 0xc33707d6, 0xf4d50d87, 0x455a14ed }

k[28..31] := { 0xa9e3e905, 0xfcefa3f8, 0x676f02d9, 0x8d2a4c8a }

k[32..35] := { 0xfffa3942, 0x8771f681, 0x6d9d6122, 0xfde5380c }

k[36..39] := { 0xa4beea44, 0x4bdecfa9, 0xf6bb4b60, 0xbebfbc70 }

k[40..43] := { 0x289b7ec6, 0xeaa127fa, 0xd4ef3085, 0x04881d05 }

k[44..47] := { 0xd9d4d039, 0xe6db99e5, 0x1fa27cf8, 0xc4ac5665 }

k[48..51] := { 0xf4292244, 0x432aff97, 0xab9423a7, 0xfc93a039 }

k[52..55] := { 0x655b59c3, 0x8f0ccc92, 0xffeff47d, 0x85845dd1 }

k[56..59] := { 0x6fa87e4f, 0xfe2ce6e0, 0xa3014314, 0x4e0811a1 }

k[60..63] := { 0xf7537e82, 0xbd3af235, 0x2ad7d2bb, 0xeb86d391 }

//Initialize variables:

var int h0 := 0x67452301

var int h1 := 0xEFCDAB89

var int h2 := 0x98BADCFE

var int h3 := 0x10325476

//Pre-processing:

append "1" bit to message

append "0" bits until message length in bits ≡ 448 (mod 512)

append length to message

/* bit (not byte) length of unpadded message as 64-bit little-endian

integer */

//Process the message in successive 512-bit chunks:

for each 512-bit chunk of message

break chunk into sixteen 32-bit little-endian words w[j], 0 ≤ j ≤ 15

//Initialize hash value for this chunk:

var int a := h0

var int b := h1

var int c := h2

var int d := h3

//Main loop:

for i from 0 to 63

if 0 ≤ i ≤ 15 then

f := (b and c) or ((not b) and d)

g := i

else if 16 ≤ i ≤ 31

f := (d and b) or ((not d) and c)

g := (5×i + 1) mod 16



else if 32 ≤ i ≤ 47

f := b xor c xor d

g := (3×i + 5) mod 16

else if 48 ≤ i ≤ 63

f := c xor (b or (not d))

g := (7×i) mod 16

temp := d

d := c

c := b

b := b + leftrotate((a + f + k[i] + w[g]) , r[i])

a := temp

end for

//Add this chunk's hash to result so far:

h0 := h0 + a

h1 := h1 + b

h2 := h2 + c

h3 := h3 + d

end for

var char digest[16] := h0 append h1 append h2 append h3 //(expressed as

little-endian)

//leftrotate function definition

leftrotate (x, c)

return (x << c) or (x >> (32-c));

S.R.S

Requirements Analysis and Specification Software/Hardware Requirements

Hardware Requirements

Minimum Hardware and Software requirements are not always the optimalChoice for ease of use, performance, and overall product enjoyment. It is

recommended that the following system profile implementation.

Personal computer

Pen drive

CPU(central processing unit)

Speaker

Mouse



Random Access Memory:32MB RAM(64 MB recommended)

Display: 16 bit colour

Hard disk space:10 MB free space on the hard disk

2. Software Requirements

Following are the few software specifications that are used in the project.

MySQL

PHP

We have used PHPand MySQL which consists of comprehensive set of

application building and user product.

MySQL Database

The MySQL database has become the world’s most popular open sourcedatabase because of its consistent fast performance, high reliability and ease

of use. It’s used on every continent—yes, even Antarctica!—by individual Web

developers as well as many of the world’s largest and fastest-growing

organisations to save time and money powering their high-volume Websites,

business-critical systems and packaged software—including industry leaders

such as Yahoo!,Alcatel-Lucent,Google,Nokia,You Tube, and Zappos.com.

Not only is MySQL the world’s most popular open source database, its also

become the database of choice for a new generation of applications built on

the LAMP stack (Linux,Apache,MySQL,PHP,Peral,python).MySQL runs onmore than 20 platforms including Linux,Windows,OS/X,HP-

UX,AIX,Netware,giving you the kind of flexibility that puts you in control.

As on April 2009, MySQL offers MySQL 5.1 in two different variants: the

MySQL Community Server and Enterprise Server. They have a common code

base and include the following features:

A broad subset of ANSI SQL 99,as well as extensions

Cross-platform supports

Stored procedures

Triggers

Cursors

Updatable Views

True Varchar supports

Information schema and many more.

PHP :



Speed -- not only the speed of execution, which is important, but also that itnot slow down the rest of the machine. So it should not demand a lot of system resources. PHP integrates well with other software, especially underUNIX's, has a small footprint and when run as an Apache module is alreadyloaded for use. Plus, PHP is a thin wrapper around many operating system

calls, so can be very fast. Stability -- its no good being fast if the system crashes every few thousand

pages. No application is bug free, but having a community of PHP developersand users makes it much harder for bugs to survive for long. Under the hood,PHP uses its own resource management system, and has a sophisticatedmethod for handling variables, making it intrinsically a robust system.

Security -- the system should be protected from malicious attacks from users,both as programmers and as surfers. PHP provides many levels of securitywhich can be set in the .ini file to the desired level.

Simplicity -- programmers should be able to start being productive as soon as

possible. With PHP, even HTML coders can start integrating PHP into theirpages straight away. Programmers with previous experience of C, or evenwith Javascript can get up to speed very quickly.

Connect ability Because of PHP's modular system of extensions it will interfacewith many diverse libraries, and adding further extensions is very simple. Thisallows PHP to make use of specialised working libraries from many differentareas, such as encryption, graphics, XML and so on.

Further advantages of PHP.

PHP will run on (almost) any platform. Using the same code base, PHP can becompiled and built on about 25 platforms, including most UNIXs,Windows(95/98/NT/2000) and Macs. As this uses the same code base, allscripts will run identically, whatever the platform.

PHP is similar to C. So anyone who has experience with a C-style languagewill soon understand PHP. In C-style languages we can also include Javascriptand Java. In fact, much of PHP's functionality is provided by wrappers aroundthe underlying system calls (such as fread() and strlen()) so C programmerswill immediately feel at home.

PHP is extendible. PHP consists of the core parsing engine (written by Zend),

a set of core code modules and then a set of code extensions. This allowsprogrammers two ways of extending PHP to do some special processing,either by writing an extension module and compiling it into the executable, orby creating an executable that can be loaded using PHP's dynamic loadingmechanism.

Lots of HTTP server interfaces. PHP currently will load into Apache, IIS, AOLServer, Roxen and THTTPD. Alternatively, it can be run as a CGI module.

Lots of database interfaces. PHP currently will work with MySQL, MS SQL,Oracle, Informix, PostgreSQL and many others. These are binary levelinterfaces, and ODBC is also provided for those situations where the databaseis not supported.

And lots of other modules... when a PHP user wants to interface to particularlibrary, then it is easy to write an interface for it, and many have done so,



and contributed to the main PHP source repository. So you can find modulesfor graphics routines, PDF files, Flash movies, Cybercash, calendars, XML,IMAP, POP and a host of others. If the library you need is not supported, youcan either write one yourself, or employ your favourite programmer to do it.

PEAR. The PHP Extension and Add-on Repository. Similar to the CPAN

network for Perl, although still in its infancy, the idea of PEAR is to provide aset of PHP scripts that would be installed by default with the PHP installation

Fast. PHP is normally used an Apache module and this makes it very fast. It isentirely written in C and is quite small, so loads and executes quickly withsmall memory footprint.

PHP is Open Source. Almost a religious matter to some people! In purelypractical terms, it means that you are not dependent on a manufacturer to fixthings that don't work, nor are you forced to pay for upgrades every year toget a working version.

Front End of the Project

PHP

PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally

designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this

purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and

interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which

generates the web page document. It also has evolved to include a

command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone

graphical applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers and as

a standalone interpreter, on almost every operating system and platform

free of charge.There is also commercial software such as RadPHP, a

rapid application development framework for the PHP language. A

competitor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) server-side script

engine and similar languages, PHP is installed on more than 20 million

websites and 1 million web servers.

HTML

Stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, is predominant markuplanguage, is predominant markup language for web pages. It allowsimages & objects to be embedded and canbe used to createinteractive forms. It provides a mean to create structured documentsby denoting structural semantics for text such as heading, paragraphs,links, lists, quotes and other items. It can be embed scripts inlanguages such as Java script which affects behaviour of HTML web

pages.

Back End of the ProjectMYSQL



is a relational database management system (RDBMS)[2] that runs as a

server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after

developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My.[3] The SQL phrase stands for

Structured Query Language.[4]

The MySQL development project has made its source code available under

the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of

proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-

profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle

Corporation.[5]

Free-software-open source projects that require a full-featured database

management system often use MySQL. For commercial use, several paid

editions are available, and offer additional functionality. Applications which

use MySQL databases include: TYPO3, Joomla, WordPress, phpBB, Drupaland other software built on the LAMP software stack. MySQL is also used in

many high-profile, large-scale World Wide Web products, including Wikipedia,

Google (though not for searches), Facebook,and Twitter.

OPERATING SYSTEM USED

The Operating System used in our Project is Windows (vista/xp/7).

We are using this Operating System as:-

It has majority of users.

It’s user -friendly.

It supports the hardware.

rdbms login dfd and modular diagram

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