ratio trend analysis project 1 copy

Northrop Grumman Corporation General Dynamics Corporation (Competitor)

Rachel Voigtlander

Financial Management FIN833 Professor Wiley September 14, 2015

Northrop Grumman Corporation ii

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 1

Ratio Charts and Analyses ................................................................................................ 3

Liquidity Ratios ............................................................................................................ 3

Current Ratio ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Quick Ratio ......................................................................................................................................... 5

Debt Management Ratios ............................................................................................. 7

Debt Ratio ........................................................................................................................................... 7

Times Interest Earned Ratio ................................................................................................................. 9

Asset Management Ratios ........................................................................................... 11

Inventory Turnover Ratio ................................................................................................................... 11

Days Sales Outstanding Ratio ............................................................................................................ 13

Total Assets Turnover Ratio ............................................................................................................... 15

Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio .............................................................................................................. 16

Profitability Ratios ...................................................................................................... 18

Profit Margin on Sales ........................................................................................................................ 18

Return on Total Assets ....................................................................................................................... 20

Return on Equity ............................................................................................................................... 22

DuPont Analyses ........................................................................................................ 24

Return on Total Assets ....................................................................................................................... 24

Return on Equity ............................................................................................................................... 25

Excel Spreadsheet Printouts ........................................................................................ 27

NOC Spreadsheet .............................................................................................................................. 27

GD Spreadsheet ................................................................................................................................. 28

Excel Ratio Checking Spreadsheet Printouts ................................................................ 29

NOC Checker .................................................................................................................................... 29

GD Checker ...................................................................................................................................... 29

SEC Financial Statements for GD ............................................................................... 30

SEC Financial Statements for NOC ............................................................................ 44

Northrop Grumman Corporation iii

Industry Data Source .................................................................................................. 61

Mergent Online .................................................................................................................................. 61

eStatement Studies ............................................................................................................................. 61

Rachel Voigtlander

Financial Management FIN338 Professor Wiley

September 14, 2015

Northrop Grumman Corporation 1

Northrop Grumman Corporation General Dynamics Corporation (Competitor)

Executive Summary Northrop Grumman (NOC) and General Dynamics (GD) are aerospace and defense companies with an overall positive outlook in the current market when compared to the top 10-industry average. Leading in key financial ratios, NOC appears to be sitting in a position to produce strong future revenues. NOC continues to remain stable in adequate liquidity, not heavily relying on inventory to pay off current liabilities, demonstrated by maintaining a Quick Ratio higher than industry average and the competitor, GD. Total asset turnover ratio has been in decline for NOC, GD, and the top 10-company industry average. However, Fixed Asset Turnover has increased from the low in 2009, demonstrating more effective asset management. In 2014, NOC had a solid performance, with upward trends in inventory turnover and profit margin on sales, positioned well above the top 10-industry average. Conflicts in the Middle East have yielded an environment of swift, strategic acquisitions for the company, as NOC’s products and services are in increasing demand, depicted by an increasing trend in the Inventory Turnover Ratio. A majority of NOC’s contracts are with the United States government; increased demand has led to an increased profit margin on sales ratio by 29% from 2009 to 2014. NOC falls below the industry average and competitors in Days Sales Outstanding ratio with an average of 42 days from 2009 to 2014. NOC falls below their competitor, GD, and the Industry average in the Times Interest Earned Ratio and may need to focus on increasing their ability to meet debt obligations. NOC is financed by approximately 60% debt, however both GD and industry averages prove this to be an industry norm. Due to NOC’s types of products and services and quality control, NOC has a lower inventory turnover when compared to the Industry average. An effective strategy may lie in improved inventory management systems. NOC’s Return on Equity Ratio is highly impressive. Since 2009, ROE has increased dramatically, and takes a sharp incline, well above the company’s competitor and the industry for 2014. In light of positively increasing trends in Profit Margins on Sales, Return on Equity, and Return on Assets Ratios demonstrating efficient costs strategies and management relative to total sales, NOC is positioned to ensure revenues and sales for the upcoming years.


GD is also capitalizing on the current tensions and conflicts in the Middle East and Europe. Military aviation, weapons, equipment, and intelligence are in strongly needed by the United States government. GD partakes in contracts with the U.S. government, along with other countries worldwide. Similarly to NOC, GD has made multiple acquisitions in the industry. These acquisitions led to a major disturbance in Profit Margin on Sales Ratio, Return on Assets Ratio, and Return on Equity, due to an 861% decline in net income in 2012 from the account goodwill impairment increasing by $1,994 million. Despite this occurrence, GD’s Return on Equity ratio was higher than NOC’s prior to the 2012 disturbance and since, has shifted to an increasing trend for 2014. GD remains above the industry average for the company’s Current and Quick Ratios, demonstrating a low reliance on inventory and stability in paying off current liabilities. GD is proficient in debt management and may be able to incur an increased amount of debt in the future. GD’s inventory management may need revision, as the company’s Industry Turnover Ratio is far below both NOC and the Industry average. While GD’s inventory does consist of large-scaled products, such as boats and planes, the strongly decreasing trend in the ratio proves concerning. Additionally, GD has seen a large decline in their ability to generate sales from their fixed assets, demonstrated in the Fixed Asset Turnover. GD may need to re-evaluate and align their fixed assets and inventories, due to the company’s increased acquisitions.

GD was ahead of NOC from 2009 to 2011 in the ratios: Profit Margin on Sales, Return on Assets, and Return on Equity, yet experienced a decline from 2012 to 2013. GD appears to have recovered, and is upwardly trending in the ratios, proving to be a true competitor and likely continued threat to NOC in the future.

According to the Industry’s ratio analysis, in 2009 and prior, the top 10-company Industry as a whole seems to have experienced a less-favorable environment. The Industry Debt Ratio was at a high of 80% in 2009, yet appears to have recovered. Troublingly, the Debt Ratio trend for the Industry, NOC, and GD appears to have taken an upward turn in 2014. The Industry ratio for Profit Margin on Sales was very low at 1.6% return on sales in 2009, yet overall has made a recovery and is on a significant upward trend. The ratios, Return on Assets and Return on Equity confirm harder times of 2009. Macro-environmental factors affected industry-wide companies’ net incomes, resulting in increased debt procurement. The Industry relies heavily on inventory when configuring overall liquidity, yet the Quick Ratio remains at a rather stably trending baseline. According to the Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio, the Industry has seen an improvement in the management of their fixed assets. Overall, the Industry appears to be gaining positive momentum and appears attractively positioned with upwardly inclining trends for the year 2014.


Ratio Charts and Analyses Liquidity Ratios

Current Ratio

NOC has had ups and downs in their current ratio since 2009. In 2010, there was a slight rise in the company’s ability to cover current liabilities, followed by a decrease in 2011, and then a more substantial rise, reaching a peak of liquidity in 2013. This peak in 2013 was caused by an increase in current assets, specifically cash and cash equivalents by 33%. In 2010, current assets were the highest at $13,774, an increase of 60% from 2009. This high was from assets of discontinued operations, totaling $5,212. Liabilities were also at the highest point at $10,027, contributing mainly to this total was the liabilities from discontinued operations in the amount of $2,792. In 2014 the company’s liquidity has declined slightly, mainly from a decrease in cash and equivalents by 25%. Overall NOC’s liquidity is consistently slightly higher than their competitor GC and the industry average for the top 10 companies.

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Current Ratio

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GD has seen a slight decrease in their current ratio for the year 2010 with an overall increase in current assets by 7% and increase in current liabilities by 8%. There was a slight rise in liquidity in 2011 from an increase of 8% in current assets, contributed mainly by accounts receivable increasing by 15% and other current assets increasing by 17%. There was another slight decrease in 2012, caused by a slightly greater increase in current liabilities compared to current assets. Cash and equivalents decreased by 24%, contributing mainly to the decrease in liquidity for 2012. Similarly to NOC, GD hit a peak in 2013. GD’s peak in 2013 was due to a current asset increase to a peak of $18,162, with a current liability peak of $12,259. The main contributors to the current asset peak of 2013 were an increase in cash and equivalents by 61% and an increase in other current assets by 63%. In the year 2014, the liquidity of GD started dropping back down, with increasing current liabilities by 12%, showing mainly from an increase in customer advances and deposits by 11%.

The industry’s current ratio overall seems to appear rather stable. There was an overall low in 2009. Since 2009, there has been an increase in current ratio by .2.


Quick Ratio

NOC’s quick ratio takes a similar pattern to their current ratio, with slightly higher peaks in the years 2010 and 2013. The peak in 2010 was caused mainly from an increase in current assets from discontinued operations. Without the influence of discontinued operations and inventories, current assets only increased by 3%, which shows why the liquidity decreased the following year, in 2011 from 1.37 to 1.26, still remaining near equivalent to 2009’s liquidity of 1.23. From the years 2011 to 2013 generally upward sloping trend occurs. The peak in 2013 was influenced by a near 25% increase in cash and equivalents and a decrease in current liabilities by 4%. After the peak in 2013, there has been a downward shift in liquidity mainly due to cash and equivalents decreasing by 25%.

GD’s quick liquidity has remained more stable than the current ratio. There was less of a high in 2013 and associated decline in 2014. Inventories during those years rose by 4% and then fell by 11%, not accounting for inventory has yielded a more stable quick liquidity for GD.

The top 10-company industry average of quick liquidity is substantially lower than NOC and GD. The industry average is 0.73, while NOC’s average is 1.250 and GD’s is 1.11.

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Overall, the industry relies more heavily on inventory as apart of their current assets and overall liquidity. The difference between the current and quick ratio is 0.55. NOC maintains a high liquidity as compared to GD and the industry, without consideration for inventory, due to their inventory type. Some of NOC’s core competencies are in the areas of cyber security services and intelligence systems.


Debt Management Ratios

Debt Ratio

NOC’s debt ratio has remained relatively stable and slightly upward sloping from the years 2009 to 2012, with an average debt ratio of 58.2% for those years. The company experienced a slight decline in 2013, to a value of 59.74 % after the peak of 2012, at 64.16%, returning to a debt ratio similar to 2011, at 59.32%. The peak of 2012 was caused by an increase in pension and other post-retirement benefit plan liabilities by 49%. Due to a difference in the Financial Accounting Standards and Cost Accounting Standards, the estimated amount for retiree benefit plan expenses were not accurately aligned to the true expenditure. On December 27, 2011 a rule was changed by the CAS in the measurement of pension costs, and adjustment and allocation, including a 5-year transitional period. In result to this rule, pension and other post-retirement benefit plan liabilities increased. Health care cost trend rate projection has changed since the effects of new health care reform. NOC reports the company’s actual cost experience is low at this time, yet NOC predicts the economic conditions and effects of the reform should increase healthcare and benefit cots. (SEC, 10-k, 2011) The slight decline in 2013 was

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mainly due to a decrease in pension and other post-retirement benefit plan liabilities by 122%. There is a slight increase in 2014, reaching this period’s high. In 2014, total liabilities increased by 23%, while total assets increased by only 1%. The main contributor to this increase in total liabilities was from the pension and other post-retirement benefit plan liabilities, increasing by 122%. Throughout the years 2009 through 2014, total assets only varied by 1% to 2%.

GD follows a near identical trend to NOC, with a slightly upward slope through the years 2009 to 2012, followed by a slight decline in 2013 and upward turn in 2014. GD experienced a 5% increase in total assets from 2012 to 2013. This increase was contributed from a 15% increase in total current assets, from the accounts cash and equivalents and other current assets. Total liabilities were highest in the years of 2012, at $22,919 and $23,526 in year 2014. In 2012, this amount was contributed from a 4% increase in total current liabilities and an 8% increase in total noncurrent liabilities. Contributing to the 12% increase in total liabilities from 2013 to 2014 was the current liability account, customer advances and deposits with an increase of 11%. From 2013 to 2014, other liabilities also increased by 32%.

For the industry data, the top 10 companies’ median values were used for the years 2009 through 2014. From 2011 to 2014, a nearly identical trend and value for the debt ratio is seen when compared to NOC and GD. From 2009 to 2011, the industry debt ratio drops from 80.5% to 62.5%, representing a 29% change during these years. During 2009, 80.5% of the industry’s total assets could be funded by incurred debt. During the same year, NOC had a debt ratio of 58.06% and GD had a debt ratio of 60.03%. The large-scaled economic crash of 2008 could have led to higher debt levels for the year 2009 overall. NOC and GD may be less affected due to fixed contracts with their main customer, the U.S. government. NOC appears to be less susceptible to the market and economic fluctuations when compared to the industry as a whole. From the date from 2009 to 2014, NOC appears to have a consistently, slightly lower debt ratio throughout this period when compared to the industry average and GD.


Times Interest Earned Ratio

NOC has remained relatively stable throughout 2009 to 2014. The largest change in this ratio occurred from 2010 to 2011 by 41% increase. This increase was caused by an 18% decrease in interest expense and 16% increase in earnings before interest and taxes. Other less significant changes occur from 2012 to 2013 by 18% decrease. This change is reflective of interest expense increasing by 21% from $212 to $257, and earnings before interest and taxes remaining stable. A 24% increase from 2009 to 2010 is seen due to interest expense remaining stable and earnings before interest and taxes increasing by 24%.

GD had an upward trend from 2009 to 2011. Moving from 21.49 to 24.68 during this time. In 2012, GD’s times interest earned plummeted, taking a 442% decrease. This was primarily due to an added operating cost and expense, goodwill impairment in the amount of $1,994 million. This account remained at 0$ for all other years from 2009 to 2014. Operating costs and expenses increased by 6% from 2011 to 2012. Through the acquisitions of over 60 businesses since 1995, good will and intangible assets have been recognized in the amount of $1.8 billion. The fair value of each reported units was found to exceed its carrying value, representing an unrecoverable value. GD decided to report the sum of the impairment on the 2012 10-k. GD has no previous record of goodwill impairment, and presumes to not have another in the future. (SEC,

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2012,10-k) In 2013 interest expense increased by 8%, while earnings before interest and tax decreased by 400%, rising from $3826 in 2011 to $765 in 2012. In 2013, GD’s ratio rose dramatically by increasing earnings before interest and taxes to $3,689 and decreasing interest expense by 63% to $103, compared to $168 in 2012. In 2014, interest expense remained stable, while earnings before interest and taxes increased by another 5%.

NOC maintains an average times interest earned ratio of 12, while GD’s average times interest earned is 24.65 for the years 2009 to 2014. The industry average for this time frame is 15.14. In 2009, the industry had a higher times interest earned ratio at 24.54, this is followed by a decrease to 15.12 and relatively stable trend to 2014. NOC is below the average, indicating NOC is less easily able to cover interest payments when compared to their competitor and the industry. NOC may not be as readily able to take on additional debt as their counterparts, yet the company’s stability with the debt they do have appear encouraging. GD’s sharp decline in their times interest earned ratio is mainly due to a goodwill impairment recorded for 2012. This is a noncash transaction. This decline is not as concerning as it may appear; overall the company maintains sufficient ability to cover their interest. GD has seen an upward trending in this ratio; GD may be able to take on additional debt without concern in covering their interest payments.


Asset Management Ratios

Inventory Turnover Ratio

NOC maintains an average inventory turnover ratio of 12.99, trending upward. From 2009 to 2011, a steady incline in the ratio is seen. A slight decrease occurs in 2012, followed by an increase in 2013. Overall, the trend in the ratio is slowly upward; NOC has increased their inventory turnover by 20%, when comparing the starting year, 2009 to the ending year, 2014. In 2012, Cost of Goods Sold was the lowest compared to the other years from 2008 to 2015, decreasing by 10% since 2011, exhibiting the largest change in this account for the years 2008 to 2014. The largest change in inventory occurred from 2009 to 2010, decreasing by 31%. The second largest change was from the years 2012 to 2013, when inventory decreased by 14%.

GD maintains an overall average inventory ratio of 6.83 for the years 2008 to 2014. GD’s inventory turnover ratio is steadily declining during this time, experiencing a decrease in the ratio by 71% when comparing the starting year, 2008 to the ending year, 2014. The sharpest decline in the ratio is seen from 2011 to 2012, decreasing by 24%. The following year the

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Inventory Turnover

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ratio decreased by an additional 17%. From 2011 to 2012 inventory decreased by 17% and Cost of Goods Sold decreased by 9%. Overall, throughout the years 2008 to 2014, inventories decreased by 37% and Cost of Goods Sold decreased by 16%. The ratio showed a year-to-year averaged decrease of 3% from 2009 to 2914.

The industry average, using the median value for the top 10 competing companies, according to Mergent, appears stable in showing a slight decline in the ratio for the years 2009 to 2014. When comparing the start of this period to the end, the ratio decreased by 9%. The year-to-year average decrease is 2%. From 2009 to 2011, a slight increase occurs in the ratio, increasing by 4% in 2009 and 1% in 2010. GD’s ratio is quite lower than the industry average. GD specializes in larger crafted inventory items, while others included in the industry average focus on other aspects, such as intelligence, cyber security, and systems.


Days Sales Outstanding Ratio The figures calculated for NOC and GD’s graphs were used given the annual, 365-day period.

NOC remained rather stable through 2009 and 2014. There was a slightly downward trend in the ratio until 2011, decreasing by 4% and 5% for the years 2009 and 2010. In 2011 there was a small change with a 1% increase. The largest change occurred from 2013 and 2014, when the number of days outstanding increased by 7%. This was due to a relatively low amount of sales compared to other years of sale throughout 2009 to 2014 of $23,979. Overall, NOC decreased their days outstanding from 44.8 days in 2009 to 42.7 days in 2014.

Through the years 2009 to 2014, GD’s average days until collection are 47.2. In 2009, GD collected payment in 41.9 days, while in 2014, the company collected in 47.9 days. GD’s Days Sales Outstanding increases from 2009 to 2013, by a year-to-year average of 5%. The largest increase is seen from 2010 to 2011, when the days increased by 13% from 43 to 49 days. A slight decline in the days sales outstanding occurs from 2013 to 2014, by 8%. From 2010 to 2011 accounts receivable increased by 13%, while sales only increased by 1%. In 2014, accounts receivable decreased by 8%, while sales did not change.

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Days Sales Outstanding

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NOC, GD, and the industry are all fairly similar in their days of sales outstanding ratio, calculating with 365-day annual period. The averages were as follows: NOC 42.13 days; GD 47.28 days; industry 48.049 days. Some larger gaps occur when comparing NOC and GD’s number of days outstanding. In 2013, there is a difference of 11.8 days. GD starts in 2009, below the industry average, but from 2011 to 2014 GD remains above the industry and NOC. GD is experiencing a longer amount of days until the company collects, this may be signifying a negative trend in their ability to collect payments. There are some significant factors that may be effecting the days of uncollected sales. NOC and GD both contract most of their sales through their main customer, the United States government. This may yield longer wait times for payment, due to processing times, than other industries. GD is also positioned NOC and the industry in inventory turnover, yet profit margins on sales remain high. This may indicate GD is selling larger ticketed items. Larger individual accounts and big inventory item sales may increase the collection time required, compared with selling smaller inventory items. GD may be more flexible in collecting payments, providing customers with a longer collection time, due to the high cost of the item to the consumer.


Total Assets Turnover Ratio

Aside from an increase in 2011, NOC’s Total Asset Turnover declines each year. An increase of 14% in NOC’s Total Asset Turnover is seen from the year 2010 to 2011. The following year, the ratio declines by 9%. In 2011, total assets decreased by 24%, while sales decreased by 7%. Year-to-year total assets and sales declined by the same amount, an averaged 3%. Comparing the year 2009 to 2014, total assets decreased by 14%, and sales decreased by 15%.

GD’s Total Asset Turnover ratio downwardly trends from 2009 to 2014. Decreasing by a year-to-year average of 3%. Comparing year 2009 to 2014, a decline of 18% is seen in the ratio. Year-to-year GD’s total assets increased by 2%, while sales declined by 1%. Comparing the year 2009 to 2014, total assets increased by 12%, while sales declined by 4%. In 2012, sales declined by 5%. In 2011, a 7% increase is observed in GD’s total assets.

The industry’s Total Asset Turnover remains fairly level throughout the period. Overall, the industry’s total asset turnover experienced a decrease of 1% each year. The largest change in the ratio occurs from the years 2010 to 2011, decreasing by 3%. GD starts at a higher

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figure in the starting year, yet follows a similar declining trend through the years. When both the industry and GD declined in 2011, NOC experienced an increase in their ratio.

Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio

NOC’s Fixed Asset Turnover takes a sharp incline from 2009 to 2010 by a 39% increase in the ratio, followed by a slight decline in 2011 of 7%. From 2011 to 2013 the ratio remains stable at a minimal incline of 1%. From the year 2013 to 2014 a downward turn in the ratio occurs of 10%. In 2010, net fixed assets declined by 60%, while sales increased by only 2%. This contributes to the sharp incline seen in the ratio. In the following year, net fixed assets remained unchanged, and sales decreased by 7%. From 2011 to 2013, fixed assets and sales decrease proportion to each other.

GD’s Fixed Asset Turnover starts higher than both the industry and NOC, at a ratio value of 1.0, then downwardly trends to a value of 0.87. The largest decline in the ratio occurs from 2010 to 2012, decreasing by 3%, 6%, and 4%. Year-to-year, the ratio decreases by 3%. An 18% decrease is seen from the starting to end ratio value. In 2011, fixed assets increased

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by 10%, while sales increased by 1%, contributing to the largest decline in the ratio. In 2012, fixed assets increased again by 3%, while sales decreased by 5%. GD’s sales decrease on average year-to-year by 1%, while fixed assets increased year-to-year by 3%.

The industry data for the Fixed Asset Turnover ratio remains an overall flat trend from 2009 to 2014, with a slight upward trend presented with an averaged 1% increase year-to-year. The largest change is seen in 2012 when a 7% increase is observed, creating a slightly upward rise in the trend. The industry ratio compared to GD and NOC vary significantly in year 2009. The industry ratio starts at 7.36, GD at 10.98, and NOC at 5.68. Other than in year 2009, NOC appears to remain over the industry average, yet a downward dive is seen in 2014, as it nearly approaches the industry ratio. GD is positioned well above the industry average during much of the period. GD’s ratio value nearly reaches NOC’s in the years 2012 and 2013. There is a wide divide in GD’s ratio value when compared to the values of NOC and the industry from the years 2009 to 2011. From 2012 to 2014, the ratio values of the industry, NOC, and GD are the closest in range. The largest difference in 2014’s ratio value was 1.61, between GD and the industry, while year 2009’s ratio value difference was 5.3, between GD and NOC


Profitability Ratios

Profit Margin on Sales

NOC’s Profit Margin on Sales ratio has a steady upward trend from 2009 to 2011, followed by a slight decline from 2011 to 2013. From 2013 to 2014 there is an upward curve. For the first 2 years, the ratio increased by 16 and 9%. The ratio decreased by 2% in 2012, due to net income’s decrease of 7% and sales decrease of 5%. Sales have remained in a stable decline year-to-year by an average 3%. Net Income increases by a year-to-year average of 4%. From 2009 to 2014, Net Income has increased by 19%, showing steady growth in revenues gained on sales. According to this ratio, it appears NOC is adequately and efficiently managing their costs in relation to their sales, as the company is steadily increasing profit margins.

Disregarding the year 2012, GD’s Profit Margin on Sales ratio has remained fairly consistent with a gradual upward trend from 2009 to 2014. The significantly sharp decline in 2012 is mainly due to the goodwill impairment affecting GD’s net income by a decrease

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of 861% from 2011, as previously discussed in the times interest earned analysis. Since the transaction is non-cash, GD’s analysis should be evaluated for the company’s overall trending. GD’s profit margin ratio increased by 9% from the starting figure to ending figure. Sales decreased year-to-year by an averaged 1%. In 2014 sales remained the same, while net income increased by 7%.

The industry’s Profit Margin on Sales ratio is substantially lower than GD and NOC. The industry’s ratio trends upward throughout the period, with a more substantial rise in 2010 by 52%, followed by a slight decline of 23% in 2011. In 2012 a larger increase is seen in the ratio with a rise by 32%. On average, the ratio rose year-to-year by 15%. The average profit margins are: NOC 0.08, GD O.06, and industry 0.04.

NOC and GD’s higher ratios, in comparison to the top 10-industry average, may indicate adequate managing of expenses in relation to sales. A good proportion of GD and NOC’s sales are being converted into net income. The industry’s overall ratio may suggest past performance of high expenses in relation to overall sales. GD had a higher profit margin in the years 2009 and 2010, prior to the disturbance in the ratio caused by the goodwill impairment. In 2014, GD’s profit margins remain just under NOCs. While GD has a lower profit margin ratio, the company’s times interest earned ratio is significantly higher than NOCs. The stability of GD’s return on sales may indicate the company could responsibility take on more debt with success. Both GD and NOC appear to maintain lower expenses and higher overall sales when compared to the industry average. GD’s sales appear to be declining by an averaged 1% year-to-year, while NOC’s sales declined by 3% year-to-year.


Return on Total Assets

The Return on Assets Ratio shows a similar trending to the Profit Margin on Sales.

NOC’s ratio is observed to trend more sharply at an incline from 2009 to the peak in 2011. The peak in 2011 is slightly higher than the peak for the profit margin ratio. There is a slight decline from 2012 to 2013, followed by a gradual upward trend to 2014. From the starting value to finishing value, an increase by 28% in the return on assets ratio occurred. The rise from 2009 to 2011 is due to the increase in net income by 20% in 2010 and decrease in total assets by 24% in 2011. Influencing the downward trends from 2010 to 2011 in both the current and quick ratio, these decreases represent the decrease in current assets by 78% for those years. This decrease in current assets contributes to the change in total assets influencing the Return on Asset Ratio contributing to the decrease of 24% in total assets during the same years. The decrease in total assets and simultaneous increase in net income by 3% in 2011 explains the sharp rise in the Return on Assets Ratio. The ratio decline from the peak of 2011 to 2013 corresponds with a 7 and 1% decrease in net income during those years. Product sales decreased by 9% from 2011 to 2012, decreasing total sales by 5%,

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down by 12% from 2010. The ending upward trend in 2014 is due to a 6% increase in net income.

In NOC’s SEC 2012 Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income, a reported value of $3,130 is given.

GD’s Return on Asset Ratio shows a slight declining trend from 2009 to 2011, a downward turn in 2011, a sharp decline and rise from 2011 to 2013, with a slight rise in 2014. The sharp decline in 2012 was mainly due to Goodwill Impairment’s effect on net income. To assume a more realistic normality, removing the decline in 2012, GD’s average ROA was 7.36. With 2012 removed, ROA from 2011 to 2012 decreased by 9%. The previous year, from 2010 to 2011, the ratio decreased by 11%. This decline is in result of a simultaneous increase in total assets by 7% and decrease in net income by 4%. Total assets increased mainly in response to an increase in accounts receivable by 13%. This same increase was the contributor to the largest change in the days sales outstanding ratio, increasing the number of days by 6.13 days. Other assets also increased by 11% from the previous year, along with other current assets increasing by 15%. From 2011 to 2013 a large increase is noted in current assets. From 2011 to 2013 there’s a rise in GD’s current ratio by 7%, largely due to an increase of 15% in current assets from 2011 to 2013. In the current assets, cash and equivalents increased by 50% from 2011 to 2013. The combining factors on this asset increase and decrease in net income, resulted in the decline from 2011 to 2013, disregarding the effects of the goodwill impairment.

The industry averages are much lower in ROA compared to GD and NOC. Held assets in the industry may be incurring too high of costs when compared to the income being generated by the same asset. There is an upward trend in the industry ROA, with a sharp increase from 2009 to 2010, followed by a slight downturn in 2011. From 2011 to 2014, the industry ROA gradually inclines. In 2009, ROA was rather low compared to 2014, represented by a change of 64%. Similar to profit margin, wide fluctuations are observed from 2010 to 2012. Due to the similar trending in ROA and profit margin, it seems net income was generally low and fluctuating in the industry as a whole.

GD’s sharp decline in ROA in 2011 is largely due to goodwill impairment, however an increase in product costs and expenses occurred by 6% from 2011 to 2012, and sales of products sold decreased by 11% from 2010 to 2012. This may lead to the conclusion that GD’s product costs were too excessive to support the sales incurred from products from 2010 to 2012.


Return on Equity

NOC’s Return on Equity ratio trends below their competitor from 2009 to 2011. The ratio has an upward shift from 2010 to 2011, followed by a slight downfall from 2012 to 2013. NOC’s ROE makes a sharp incline from 2013 to 2014, reaching 28.6%. NOC’s ROE has a year-by-year increase of an averaged 13%. Positioned well above the industry, from 2009 to 2014, the ratio has increased by 54%. NOC’s ROA and PMS show similar increasing trends, contributed by the fact that the company’s net income did experience a 6% increase from 2013 to 2014, and increased each year by an averaged 2%. However, this sharper rise from 2013 to 2014, specific to ROE is caused by the strong decline of 47% in owner’s equity. Upon recent acquisitions, NOC’s current position demonstrates their success in using investor’s funds more efficiently in profit generation. Shifting upward trends should increase investor’s confidence in management’s decisions.

GD’s Return on Equity ratio trends above NOC and the industry for 2009 and 2010. ROE shifts to a sharp decline in 2011, as acquisitions have been reassessed. GD’s goodwill impairment affected the shape decline seen in ROE for 2012. During this year net income plummeted by 861%. Additionally, product costs and expenses increased costs by 6%,

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20%

25%

30%

35%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Return on Equity

NOC GD Industry


while sales from products sold by 8% from 2011 to 2012. GD has undergone changes in their product focus and core competencies, as the market has shifted areas of demand. GD’s ROE ratio takes a sharper incline in 2014, when compared to ROA and Profit Margin on Sales. This is mainly due to a decrease in owners’ equity by 23%. All of GD’s profitability ratios are positioned towards an upward trending due to a 7% rise in net income for the year 2014.

In 2009, ROE for the industry was at a low of 4.74%. This low in 2009 is congruent other ratios, ROA, Profit Margin on Sales, Debt ratio, and Current ratio. 2009 there was an overall more hostile market environment. It appears the industry was selling their inventory at a faster rate to attempt to increase profits and net income, yet at a lower price in the market. This is demonstrated by a high inventory turnover ratio and low profit margin on sales.

From 2009 to 2012, the industry’s ROE ratio shows a strong upward shift, demonstrating a successful recovery from the market environment, which brought lows in 2009. The largest increase in seen from 2011 to 2012, when ROE increased by 43%. However, the next year, a sharp decline is seen as the ratio falls by 50%. ROE is now on another upward trend, yet remains below GD and NOC. On average, ROE has increased by 16% each year, showing successful market incline since 2009, with a starting and ending difference depicted by an increase of 71% in the ratio.


DuPont Analyses

Return on Total Assets ROA= (Profit Margin) x (Total Asset Turnover)

ROA= (Net Income/Sales) x (Sales/Total Assets) = Net Income/Total Assets

NOC

ROA= 2,069 x 23,979

23,979

26,572

0.086283832 x 0.902416077 = 7.79%

GD

ROA= 2,533 x 30,852

30,852

35,355

0.0821016 x 0.8726347 = 7.16%

NOC maintains a higher ROA than GD. Both of NOC’s profit margin and total asset turnover excel that of GDs. While NOC’s DuPont is a more favorable value than GDs, GD’s overall profit margin was influenced by a large change in net income. Due to this, the companies may be more neutrally aligned than the DuPont depicts. However, DuPont’s lower value for GD’s total asset turnover is accurate, and the company’s overall decreasing trend raises concern. This decrease may be linked to the fact that GD is turning over less of their inventory; GD’s inventory turnover is also on a sharp downward trend. GD maintains a relatively high profit margin on the inventory the company is selling, and with the shifting upward trend in profit margin on sales, it appears each individual inventory item GD is selling is bringing larger profits. GD may be shifting towards selling an increased amount of their larger inventory items, rather than total inventory. This shift in selling may be caused by the change in market demand, affected by the global changes in national defense needs and increasing security threats.


Return on Equity ROE= Net Income/Owner’s Equity

ROE= (Profit Margin) x (Total Asset Turnover) x (Equity Multiplier)

ROE – (Net Income/Sales) x (Sales/Total Assets) x (1/1-debt ratio)

NOC

ROE= 2,069 x 23,979 x 1

23,979

26,572

(1-.7277)

0.086283832 x 0.902416077 x 3.672 = 28.59%

GD

ROE= 2,533 x 30,852 x 1

30,852

35,355

(1-.6654)

0.0821016 x 0.8726347 x 2.989 = 21.41%

NOC is positioned significantly higher than GD in ROE. This difference is much more substantial than their positions in ROA. NOC has a better equity multiplier than GD, largely influencing the ROE in the DuPont analysis. NOC has much greater financial leverage at this time than GD. While NOC’s total asset turnover has downward shifted, the company’s inventory turnover has shifted upward. The company is selling more of their inventory, most likely due to the market’s overall increasing demand. NOC is selling inventory at adequate pricing, as depicted by the consistency in the upward trending in the profit margin on sales ratio. NOC should review their asset management to ensure their assets continue to generate an adequate amount of sales.

GD may need to review their inventory and assets management. According to the company’s 10-k, GD has had many new acquisitions, effecting the 2009 to 2014 ratios. While management’s acquisition decisions are done in hopes to broaden GD’s future successes, these changes have shifted the companies positioned to below their competitor for


this time. Concern raised for management’s overvaluing of their new acquisitions, may be supported by the significant goodwill impairment that effected net income in 2011. The company’s inventory turnover ratio is below the average market; this may be explained by describing the differences in their products when compared to other companies in the industry, however there are some trends that should raise awareness. While, their position as a whole is relatively stable, the decreasing trend in total asset turnover, and large downward shift in this ratio is congruent with the position of company’s ROE from the years 2011 to 2014. GD’s ratios were on a higher averaged trend, above NOC prior to the 2011 to 2014 shift. The company’s fluctuations may be warranted, if revenues are projected to increase. ROE has turned and is trending upwards, however asset management needs to be evaluated, as the trend for Total Asset Turnover has not changed in 2014, and persists at a decline. The inventory the company is selling, must be selling at higher prices, due to the upward trend in the company’s profit margin on sales.


Excel Spreadsheet Printouts

NOC Spreadsheet


GD Spreadsheet


Excel Ratio Checking Spreadsheet Printouts

NOC Checker

GD Checker


SEC Financial Statements for GD

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (LOSS) 2014 Year Ended December 31

(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts) 2014 2013 2012

Revenues: Products $ 19,564

$ 19,100

$ 19,264

Services 11,288

11,830

11,728 30,852

30,930

30,992

Operating costs and expenses: Products 15,335

15,065

15,830

Services 9,644

10,137

10,182 Goodwill impairment —

—

1,994

General and administrative (G&A) 1,984

2,039

2,221 26,963

27,241

30,227

Operating earnings 3,889

3,689

765 Interest, net (86 ) (86 ) (156 )

Other, net (1 ) 8

(136 ) Earnings from continuing operations before income tax 3,802

3,611

473

Provision for income tax, net 1,129

1,125

854 Earnings (loss) from continuing operations 2,673

2,486

(381 )

Discontinued operations, net of tax of ($16) in 2014, ($73) in 2013, and $19 in 2012 (140 ) (129 ) 49

Net earnings (loss) $ 2,533

$ 2,357

$ (332 ) Earnings (loss) per share Basic: Continuing operations $ 7.97

$ 7.09

$ (1.08 )

Discontinued operations (0.41 ) (0.37 ) 0.14 Net earnings (loss) $ 7.56

$ 6.72

$ (0.94 )

Diluted: Continuing operations $ 7.83

$ 7.03

$ (1.08 )

Discontinued operations (0.41 ) (0.36 ) 0.14 Net earnings (loss) $ 7.42

$ 6.67

$ (0.94 )

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. (Dollars in millions) 2014 2013 2012


$ 2,357

$ (332 ) (Losses) gains on cash flow hedges (279 ) 3

(23 )


Unrealized gains on securities 10

12

6 Foreign currency translation adjustments (436 ) (118 ) 141 Change in retirement plans’ funded status (1,745 ) 2,595

(1,149 )

Other comprehensive (loss) income, pretax (2,450 ) 2,492

(1,025 ) (Benefit) provision for income tax, net (703 ) 902

(562 )

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (1,747 ) 1,590

(463 ) Comprehensive income (loss) $ 786

$ 3,947

$ (795 )

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31

(Dollars in millions) 2014 2013

ASSETS Current assets: Cash and equivalents $ 4,388

$ 5,301

Accounts receivable 4,050

4,370 Contracts in process 4,591

4,780

Inventories 3,221

2,890 Other current assets 1,157

821

Total current assets 17,407

18,162 Noncurrent assets:

Property, plant and equipment, net 3,329

3,359 Intangible assets, net 912

1,044

Goodwill 11,731

11,932 Other assets 1,976

997

Total noncurrent assets 17,948

17,332 Total assets $ 35,355

$ 35,494

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt $ 501

$ 1

Accounts payable 2,057

2,216 Customer advances and deposits 7,335

6,584

Other current liabilities 3,858

3,458 Total current liabilities 13,751

12,259

Noncurrent liabilities: Long-term debt 3,410

3,908

Other liabilities 6,365

4,826 Commitments and contingencies (see Note N)

Total noncurrent liabilities 9,775

8,734


Shareholders’ equity: Common stock 482

482

Surplus 2,548

2,226 Retained earnings 21,127

19,428

Treasury stock (9,396 ) (6,450 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,932 ) (1,185 ) Total shareholders’ equity 11,829

14,501

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 35,355

$ 35,494 The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (LOSS) 2013

Year Ended December 31

(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts) 2011 2012 2013 Revenues: Products $ 21,440

$ 19,784

$ 19,371

Services 11,237

11,729

11,847

32,677

31,513

31,218


16,228

15,296

Services 9,591

10,182

10,158

Goodwill impairment —

1,994

—


2,276

2,079

28,851

30,680

27,533


833

3,685

Interest, net (141 ) (156 ) (86 ) Other, net 33

(136 ) 8

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes 3,718

541

3,607

Provision for income taxes, net 1,166

873

1,121

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations 2,552

(332 ) 2,486

Discontinued operations, net of tax (26 ) —

(129 )


$ (332 ) $ 2,357

Earnings (loss) per share Basic: Continuing operations $ 7.01

$ (0.94 ) $ 7.09


Discontinued operations (0.07 ) —

(0.37 ) Net earnings (loss) $ 6.94

$ (0.94 ) $ 6.72


$ (0.94 ) $ 7.03

Discontinued operations (0.07 ) —

(0.36 ) Net earnings (loss) $ 6.87

$ (0.94 ) $ 6.67

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Year Ended December 31

(Dollars in millions) 2011 2012 2013


$ (332 ) $ 2,357

Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (81 ) (23 ) 3

Unrealized gains (losses) on securities (1 ) 6

12

Foreign currency translation adjustments (89 ) 141

(118 )

Change in retirement plans’ funded status (1,129 ) (1,149 ) 2,595

Other comprehensive income (loss) before tax (1,300 ) (1,025 ) 2,492

Provision (benefit) for income tax, net (424 ) (562 ) 902

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (876 ) (463 ) 1,590

Comprehensive income (loss) $ 1,650

$ (795 ) $ 3,947

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31

(Dollars in millions) 2012 2013 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and equivalents $ 3,296

$ 5,301


4,402


Contracts in process 4,964

4,780

Inventories 2,776

2,968

Other current assets 504

435


17,886

Noncurrent assets: Property, plant and equipment, net 3,403

3,415

Intangible assets, net 1,383

1,217

Goodwill 12,048

11,977

Other assets 1,731

953


17,562

Total assets $ 34,309

$ 35,448

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 2,469

$ 2,248

Customer advances and deposits 6,042

6,584


3,362

Total current liabilities 11,620

12,194


3,908


4,845

Commitments and contingencies (see Note N)


8,753


482

Surplus 1,988

2,226

Retained earnings 17,860

19,428


14,501


$ 35,448


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (LOSS) 2012




Revenues: Products $ 21,723

$ 21,440

$ 19,784

Services 10,743

11,237

11,729

32,466

32,677

31,513


17,230

16,228

Services 9,198

9,591

10,182

Goodwill impairment —

—

1,994


2,030

2,276

28,521

28,851

30,680


3,826

833

Interest, net (157 ) (141 ) (156 ) Other, net 2

33

(136 )


3,718

541

Provision for income taxes, net 1,162

1,166

873

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations 2,628

2,552

(332 ) Discontinued operations, net of tax (4 ) (26 ) —


$ 2,526

$ (332 ) Earnings (loss) per share Basic: Continuing operations $ 6.89

$ 7.01

$ (0.94 )

Discontinued operations (0.01 ) (0.07 ) —

Net earnings (loss) $ 6.88

$ 6.94

$ (0.94 )


$ 6.94

$ (0.94 )

Discontinued operations (0.01 ) (0.07 ) —

Net earnings (loss) $ 6.81

$ 6.87

$ (0.94 )


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) Year Ended December 31

(Dollars in millions) 2010 2011 2012


$ 2,526

$ (332 ) Net gain (loss) on cash flow hedges 89

(81 ) (23 )

Unrealized gains (losses) on securities 1

(1 ) 6

Foreign currency translation adjustments 308

(89 ) 141


Change in retirement plans’ funded status (878 ) (1,129 ) (1,149 ) Other comprehensive loss before tax (480 ) (1,300 ) (1,025 ) Benefit for income tax, net (251 ) (424 ) (562 ) Other comprehensive loss, net of tax (229 ) (876 ) (463 ) Comprehensive income (loss) $ 2,395

$ 1,650

$ (795 )


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31

(Dollars in millions) 2011 2012 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and equivalents $ 2,649

$ 3,296


4,204

Contracts in process 5,168

4,964

Inventories 2,310

2,776

Other current assets 812

504


15,744

Noncurrent assets: Property, plant and equipment, net 3,284

3,403

Intangible assets, net 1,813

1,383

Goodwill 13,576

12,048

Other assets 842

1,731


18,565

Total assets $ 34,883

$ 34,309

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 2,895

$ 2,469

Customer advances and deposits 5,011

6,042


3,109


11,620


3,908


7,391

Commitments and contingencies (See Note N)


11,299


482


Surplus 1,888

1,988


17,860


11,390


$ 34,309


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS 2011 Year Ended December 31


Revenues:

Products $ 21,977

$ 21,723

$ 21,440

Services 10,004 10,743 11,237

31,981 32,466 32,677

Operating costs and expenses:

Products 17,808

17,359

17,230

Services 8,544

9,198

9,591

General and administrative 1,954 1,964 2,030

28,306 28,521 28,851


3,945

3,826

Interest, net (160 )

(157 )

(141 )

Other, net (2 ) 2 33


3,790

3,718

Provision for income taxes, net 1,106 1,162 1,166


Earnings from continuing operations 2,407

2,628

2,552

Discontinued operations, net of tax (13 ) (4 ) (26 )

Net earnings $ 2,394 $ 2,624 $ 2,526

Earnings per share

Basic:

Continuing operations $ 6.24

$ 6.89

$ 7.01

Discontinued operations (0.03 ) (0.01 ) (0.07 )

Net earnings $ 6.21 $ 6.88 $ 6.94

Diluted:


$ 6.82

$ 6.94


Net earnings $ 6.17 $ 6.81 $ 6.87

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. 36 General Dynamics Annual Report 2011

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET December 31


ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash and equivalents $ 2,613 $ 2,649

Accounts receivable 3,848 4,452

Contracts in process 4,873 5,168

Inventories 2,158 2,310


Other current assets 694 789

Total current assets 14,186 15,368

Noncurrent assets:

Property, plant and equipment, net 2,971 3,284

Intangible assets, net 1,992 1,813

Goodwill 12,649 13,576

Other assets 747 842

Total noncurrent assets 18,359 19,515

Total assets $ 32,545 $ 34,883

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt $ 773 $ 23

Accounts payable 2,736 2,895

Customer advances and deposits 4,465 5,011

Other current liabilities 3,203 3,216

Total current liabilities 11,177 11,145

Noncurrent liabilities:

Long-term debt 2,430 3,907

Other liabilities 5,622 6,599


Total noncurrent liabilities 8,052 10,506

Shareholders’ equity:


Common stock 482 482

Surplus 1,729 1,888

Retained earnings 17,076 18,917

Treasury stock (4,535) (5,743)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,436) (2,312)

Total shareholders’ equity 13,316 13,232

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 32,545 $ 34,883

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

General Dynamics Annual Report 2011 37

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS 2010 Year Ended December 31


Revenues:

Products $ 20,185

$ 21,977

$ 21,619

Services 9,115 10,004 10,847

29,300 31,981 32,466

Operating costs and expenses:

Products 16,230

17,808

17,253

Services 7,698

8,544

9,304

General and administrative 1,719 1,954 1,964

25,647 28,306 28,521


3,675

3,945


Interest, net (66 )

(160 )

(157 )

Other, net 17 (2 ) 2


3,513

3,790

Provision for income taxes, net 1,126 1,106 1,162

Earnings from continuing operations 2,478 2,407 2,628

Discontinued operations, net of tax (19 ) (13 ) (4 )

Net earnings $ 2,459 $ 2,394 $ 2,624

Earnings per share

Basic:


$ 6.24

$ 6.89


Net earnings $ 6.21 $ 6.21 $ 6.88

Diluted:


$ 6.20

$ 6.82


Net earnings $ 6.17 $ 6.17 $ 6.81

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement. 36 General Dynamics Annual Report � 2010

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET December 31


ASSETS


Current assets:

Cash and equivalents $ 2,263 $ 2,613

Accounts receivable 3,678 3,848

Contracts in process 4,449 4,873

Inventories 2,126 2,158

Other current assets 733 694


Noncurrent assets:

Property, plant and equipment, net 2,912 2,971

Intangible assets, net 2,098 1,992

Goodwill 12,269 12,649

Other assets 549 747

Total noncurrent assets 17,828 18,359

Total assets $ 31,077 $ 32,545

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt $ 705 $ 773

Accounts payable 2,365 2,736

Customer advances and deposits 4,313 4,465



Noncurrent liabilities:


Long-term debt 3,159 2,430

Other liabilities 5,124 5,622


Total noncurrent liabilities 8,283 8,052

Shareholders’ equity:

Common stock 482 482

Surplus 1,518 1,729


Treasury stock (3,463) (4,535)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,207) (1,436)



The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement.

General Dynamics Annual Report � 2010 37


SEC Financial Statements for NOC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME 2014 Year Ended December 31 $ in millions, except per share amounts 2014 2013 2012 Sales

Product $ 14,015

$ 14,033

$ 13,838 Service 9,964

10,628

11,380

Total sales 23,979

24,661

25,218 Operating costs and expenses

Product 10,431

10,623

10,415 Service 7,947

8,659

9,223

General and administrative expenses 2,405

2,256

2,450 Operating income 3,196

3,123

3,130

Other (expense) income Interest expense (282 ) (257 ) (212 ) Other, net 23

(3 ) 47

Earnings before income taxes 2,937

2,863

2,965 Federal and foreign income tax expense 868

911

987

Net earnings $ 2,069

$ 1,952

$ 1,978

Basic earnings per share $ 9.91

$ 8.50

$ 7.96 Weighted-average common shares outstanding, in millions 208.8

229.6

248.6

Diluted earnings per share $ 9.75

$ 8.35

$ 7.81 Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, in millions 212.1

233.9

253.4

Net earnings (from above) $ 2,069

$ 1,952

$ 1,978

Other comprehensive (loss) income Change in unamortized benefit plan costs, net of tax benefit (expense) of $1,423 in 2014, ($1,177) in 2013 and $860 in 2012 (2,316 ) 1,790

(1,303 )

Change in cumulative translation adjustment (59 ) 14

8 Other, net 3

(1 ) (2 )

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (2,372 ) 1,803

(1,297 ) Comprehensive (loss) income $ (303 ) $ 3,755

$ 681

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION December 31


$ in millions 2014 2013 Assets

Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,863

$ 5,150 Accounts receivable, net 2,806

2,685

Inventoried costs, net 742

698 Deferred tax assets 404

605

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 369

350 Total current assets 8,184

9,488

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $4,611 in 2014 and $4,337 in 2013 2,991

2,806

Goodwill 12,466

12,438 Non-current deferred tax assets 1,622

209

Other non-current assets 1,309

1,440 Total assets $ 26,572

$ 26,381

Liabilities

Trade accounts payable $ 1,305

$ 1,229 Accrued employee compensation 1,441

1,446

Advance payments and amounts in excess of costs incurred 1,713

1,722 Other current liabilities 1,433

1,418


5,815 Long-term debt, net of current portion of $3 in 2014 and $2 in 2013 5,925

5,928

Pension and other post-retirement benefit plan liabilities 6,555

2,954 Other non-current liabilities 965

1,064

Total liabilities 19,337

15,761

Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

Shareholders’ equity Preferred stock, $1 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding —

—

Common stock, $1 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 2014—198,930,240 and 2013—217,599,230 199

218

Paid-in capital —

848 Retained earnings 12,392

12,538

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (5,356 ) (2,984 ) Total shareholders’ equity 7,235

10,620


$ 26,381 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

-42-


NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 2013 Year Ended December 31 $ in millions, except per share amounts 2013 2012 2011 Sales

Product

$14,033

$13,838

$15,073 Service 10,628

11,380

11,339

Total sales 24,661

25,218

26,412 Operating costs and expenses

Product 10,623

10,415

11,491 Service 8,659

9,223

9,295


2,450

2,350 Operating income 3,123

3,130

3,276

Other (expense) income Interest expense (257 ) (212 ) (221 ) Other, net (3 ) 47

28


2,965

3,083 Federal and foreign income tax expense 911

987

997


1,978

2,086 Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax —

—

32


$ 1,978

$ 2,118

Basic earnings per share Continuing operations $ 8.50

$ 7.96

$ 7.54

Discontinued operations —

—

0.11 Basic earnings per share $ 8.50

$ 7.96

$ 7.65

Weighted-average common shares outstanding, in millions 229.6

248.6

276.8

Diluted earnings per share Continuing operations $ 8.35

$ 7.81

$ 7.41


—

0.11 Diluted earnings per share $ 8.35

$ 7.81

$ 7.52

Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, in millions 233.9

253.4

281.6


$ 1,978

$ 2,118 Other comprehensive income

Change in unamortized benefit plan costs, net of tax (expense) benefit of ($1,177) in 2013, $860 in 2012 and $823 in 2011 1,790

(1,303 ) (1,249 )


Change in cumulative translation adjustment 14

8

(4 ) Change in unrealized loss on marketable securities and cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit of $1 in 2013, $0 in 2012 and $2 in 2011 (1 ) (2 ) (4 )

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 1,803

(1,297 ) (1,257 ) Comprehensive income

$ 3,755

$ 681

$ 861


-44-

NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION December 31 $ in millions 2013 2012 Assets


$ 3,862 Accounts receivable, net 2,685

2,858

Inventoried costs, net 698

798 Deferred tax assets 605

574


300 Total current assets 9,488

8,392


2,887

Goodwill 12,438

12,431 Non-current deferred tax assets 209

1,542


1,291 Total assets $26,381

$26,543

Liabilities


$ 1,392 Accrued employee compensation 1,169

1,173

Advance payments and amounts in excess of costs incurred 1,722

1,759 Other current liabilities 1,695

1,732


6,056 Long-term debt, net of current portion of $2 in 2013 and $5 in 2012 5,928

3,930

Pension and other post-retirement benefit plan liabilities 2,954

6,085 Other non-current liabilities 1,064

958



17,029


Shareholders’ equity Preferred stock, $1 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding —

—

Common stock, $1 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 2013—217,599,230 and 2012—239,209,812 218

239

Paid-in capital 848

2,924 Retained earnings 12,538

11,138

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,984 ) (4,787 ) Total shareholders’ equity 10,620

9,514

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $26,381

$26,543 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

-45-

NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 2012


$ in millions, except per share amounts 2012 2011 2010

Sales

Product

$13,838

$15,073

$16,091

Service 11,380

11,339

12,052

Total sales 25,218

26,412

28,143


Operating costs and expenses

Product 10,415

11,491

12,558

Service 9,223

9,295

10,291


2,350

2,467

Operating income 3,130

3,276

2,827

Other (expense) income

Interest expense (212 ) (221 ) (269 )

Charge on debt redemption —

—

(229 )

Other, net 47

28

37


3,083

2,366

Federal and foreign income tax expense 987

997

462


2,086

1,904

Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax —

32

149


$ 2,118

$ 2,053

Basic earnings per share


$ 7.54

$ 6.41


0.11

0.50

Basic earnings per share $ 7.96

$ 7.65

$ 6.91


Weighted-average common shares outstanding, in millions 248.6

276.8

296.9

Diluted earnings per share


$ 7.41

$ 6.32


0.11

0.50

Diluted earnings per share $ 7.81

$ 7.52

$ 6.82

Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, in millions 253.4

281.6

301.1


$ 2,118

$ 2,053

Other comprehensive income

Change in cumulative translation adjustment 8

(4 ) (41 )

Change in unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities and cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit of $0 in 2012, $2 in 2011, and $0 in 2010 (2 ) (4 ) 1

Change in unamortized benefit plan costs, net of tax benefit (expense) of $860 in 2012, $823 in 2011, and $(183) in 2010 (1,303 ) (1,249 ) 297

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (1,297 ) (1,257 ) 257

Comprehensive income

$ 681

$ 861

$ 2,310



43

Table of Contents


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

December 31

$ in millions 2012 2011

Assets


$ 3,002

Accounts receivable, net of progress payments 2,858

2,964

Inventoried costs, net of progress payments 798

873

Deferred tax assets 574

496


411


7,746


3,047

Goodwill 12,431

12,374

Non-current deferred tax assets 1,542

900



1,344

Total assets $26,543

$25,411

Liabilities


$ 1,481

Accrued employee compensation 1,173

1,196

Advance payments and billings in excess of costs incurred 1,759

1,777


1,681


6,135

Long-term debt, net of current portion of $5 in 2012 and 2011 3,930

3,935

Pension and post-retirement plan liabilities 6,085

4,079

Other non-current liabilities 958

926


15,075


Shareholders’ equity

Preferred Stock, $1 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding —

—

Common stock, $1 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized; issued and 239

254


outstanding: 2012 — 239,209,812; 2011 — 253,889,622

Paid-in capital 2,924

3,873


9,699

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (4,787 ) (3,490 )

Total shareholders’ equity 9,514

10,336

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $26,543

$25,411


44

Table of Contents


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended December 31

$ in millions, except per share amounts 2011 2010 2009

Sales and Service Revenues

Product sales $ 15,073 $ 16,091 $ 16,004

Service revenues 11,339 12,052 11,646

Total sales and service revenues 26,412 28,143 27,650

Cost of Sales and Service Revenues


Cost of product sales 11,491 12,558 12,648

Cost of service revenues 9,295 10,291 10,157

General and administrative expenses 2,350 2,467 2,571

Operating income 3,276 2,827 2,274

Other (expense) income

Interest expense (221 ) (269 ) (269 )

Charge on debt redemption

(229 )

Other, net 28 37 65

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes 3,083 2,366 2,070

Federal and foreign income tax expense 997 462 636

Earnings from continuing operations 2,086 1,904 1,434

Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax 32 149 252

Net earnings $ 2,118 $ 2,053 $ 1,686

Basic Earnings Per Share

Continuing operations $ 7.54 $ 6.41 $ 4.49

Discontinued operations .11 .50 .79

Basic earnings per share $ 7.65 $ 6.91 $ 5.28

Weighted-average common shares outstanding, in millions 276.8 296.9 319.2

Diluted Earnings Per Share

Continuing operations $ 7.41 $ 6.32 $ 4.44

Discontinued operations .11 .50 .77

Diluted earnings per share $ 7.52 $ 6.82 $ 5.21


Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, in millions 281.6 301.1 323.3

Net earnings (from above) $ 2,118 $ 2,053 $ 1,686

Other comprehensive (loss) income

Change in cumulative translation adjustment (4 ) (41 ) 31

Change in unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities and cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit (expense) of $2 in 2011, $0 in 2010, and $(23) in 2009

(4 ) 1 36

Change in unamortized benefit plan costs, net of tax benefit (expense) of $823 in 2011, $(183) in 2010, and $(374) in 2009

(1,249 ) 297 561

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (1,257 ) 257 628

Comprehensive income $ 861 $ 2,310 $ 2,314


-58-

Table of Contents NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION December 31

$ in millions 2011 2010

Assets

Current Assets

Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,002 $ 3,701

Accounts receivable, net of progress payments 2,964 3,329

Inventoried costs, net of progress payments 873 896

Deferred tax assets 496 392

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 411 244


Assets of discontinued operations 5,212


Property, Plant, and Equipment

Land and land improvements 375 363

Buildings and improvements 1,433 1,363

Machinery and other equipment 4,143 3,972

Capitalized software costs 444 451

Leasehold improvements 585 608

Property, plant, and equipment, cost 6,980 6,757

Accumulated depreciation (3,933 ) (3,712 )

Property, plant, and equipment, net 3,047 3,045

Other Assets

Goodwill 12,374 12,376

Other purchased intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $1,650 in 2011 and $1,613 in 2010

155 192

Pension and post-retirement plan assets 153 320

Long-term deferred tax assets 900 628

Miscellaneous other assets 1,036 1,075

Total other assets 14,618 14,591

Total assets $ 25,411 $ 31,410

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

Current Liabilities

Notes payables to banks and current portion of long-term debt $ 13 $ 784


Trade accounts payable 1,481 1,573

Accrued employees’ compensation 1,196 1,146

Advance payments and billings in excess of costs incurred 1,777 1,969


Liabilities of discontinued operations 2,792


Long-term debt, net of current portion 3,935 3,940

Pension and post-retirement plan liabilities 4,079 3,089

Other long-term liabilities 926 918

Total liabilities 15,075 17,974

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)

Shareholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock, $1 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding in 2011 and 2010

Common stock, $1 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 2011 — 253,889,622; 2010 — 290,956,752

254 291

Paid-in capital 3,873 7,778


Accumulated other comprehensive loss (3,490 ) (2,757 )




-59-


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS 2010

Year Ended December 31 $ in millions, except per share amounts 2010 2009 2008

Sales and Service Revenues Product sales $ 21,776 $ 20,914 $ 19,634 Service revenues 12,981 12,841 12,681

Total sales and service revenues 34,757 33,755 32,315

Cost of Sales and Service Revenues Cost of product sales 16,820 16,591 15,490 Cost of service revenues 11,789 11,539 10,885 General and administrative expenses 3,078 3,142 3,143 Goodwill impairment 3,060

Operating income (loss) 3,070 2,483 (263 ) Other (expense) income Interest expense (281 ) (281 ) (295 )

Charge on debt redemption (231 ) Other, net 37 64 38

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes 2,595 2,266 (520 ) Federal and foreign income taxes 557 693 859

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations 2,038 1,573 (1,379 ) Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax 15 113 117

Net earnings (loss) $ 2,053 $ 1,686 $ (1,262 )

Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share Continuing operations $ 6.86 $ 4.93 $ (4.12 ) Discontinued operations .05 .35 .35

Basic earnings (loss) per share $ 6.91 $ 5.28 $ (3.77 )

Weighted-average common shares outstanding, in millions 296.9 319.2 334.5

Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Continuing operations $ 6.77 $ 4.87 $ (4.12 ) Discontinued operations .05 .34 .35

Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 6.82 $ 5.21 $ (3.77 )

Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, in millions 301.1 323.3 334.5

Net earnings (loss) from above $ 2,053 $ 1,686 $ (1,262 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) Change in cumulative translation adjustment (41 ) 31 (24 )

Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities and cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0 in 2010, $(23) in 2009, and $22 in 2008 1 36 (35 )

Change in unamortized benefit plan costs, net of tax (expense) benefit of $(183) in 2010, $(374) in 2009 and $1,888 in 2008 297 561 (2,884 )

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 257 628 (2,943 )

Comprehensive income (loss) $ 2,310 $ 2,314 $ (4,205 )


-62-


Table of Contents


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION 2011

December 31 December 31 $ in millions 2010 2009

Assets Current Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,701 $ 3,275 Accounts receivable, net of progress payments 4,057 3,394 Inventoried costs, net of progress payments 1,185 1,170 Deferred tax assets 710 524 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 251 272


Property, Plant, and Equipment Land and land improvements 666 649 Buildings and improvements 2,658 2,422 Machinery and other equipment 5,134 4,759 Capitalized software costs 636 624 Leasehold improvements 670 630

9,764 9,084 Accumulated depreciation (4,722 ) (4,216 )

Property, plant, and equipment, net 5,042 4,868

Other Assets Goodwill 13,517 13,517 Other purchased intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $1,965 in 2010 and $1,871 in 2009 779 873

Pension and post-retirement plan assets 450 300 Long-term deferred tax assets 612 1,010 Miscellaneous other assets 1,117 1,049

Total other assets 16,475 16,749

Total assets $ 31,421 $ 30,252

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity Current Liabilities Notes payable to banks $ 10 $ 12 Current portion of long-term debt 774 91 Trade accounts payable 1,846 1,921 Accrued employees’ compensation 1,349 1,281 Advance payments and billings in excess of costs incurred 2,076 1,954 Other current liabilities 2,331 1,726


Long-term debt, net of current portion 4,045 4,191 Pension and post-retirement plan liabilities 4,116 4,874 Other long-term liabilities 1,317 1,515

Total liabilities 17,864 17,565

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 16) Shareholders’ Equity Common stock, $1 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 2010—290,956,752; 2009—306,865,201 291 307

Paid-in capital 7,778 8,657 Retained earnings 8,245 6,737 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,757 ) (3,014 )




Industry Data Source

Mergent Online

eStatement Studies

Northrop Grumman Corp (NYS: NOC)

Northrop Grumman Corp (NYS: NOC)

General Company Information

Principal Office Website 2980 Fairview Park Drive Falls Church, VA 22042 USA www.northropgrumman.com

Phone Primary NAICS

703 280-2900

334511 : Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing

Auditor Closing Stock Price

Deloitte & Touche LLP 162.3 (as of 09/04/2015) Number of Employees Incorporated

64,300 (Year End Average Staff as of 12/31/2014) May 1939 , CA, United States

Country Mergent Dividend Achiever United States No

Exchange and Ticker Number of Shareholders

NYS : NOC 26,699 (approx.) (as of 01/29/2015)

Primary SIC Annual Meeting 3812 : Search and navigation equipment In May

* all results are stated in US Dollars

Peer Grouping by: NAIC Peer Scope: worldwide

Company Name Current Ratio - 2014


Peer Avr: 1.32

BAE Systems Plc 0.74 Bosch (Robert) GmbH (Germany Fed. Rep.) 2.1 Finmeccanica S.p.A. 0.98 Lockheed Martin Corp. 1.11 NEC Corp 1.52

15.66 13.855

ratio trend analysis project 1 copy

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