rathbone brothers plc preliminary results...2016 financial highlights rathbone brothers plc |...

45
Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results 23 February 2017 Building for the future

Upload: others

Post on 08-Sep-2020

6 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Rathbone Brothers Plc

Preliminary results

23 February 2017

Building for the future

Page 2: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Agenda

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 2

1. 2016 in context

2. Financial results

3. Strategic update

— Distribution

— Rathbone Private Office

4. Q&A

Mark NichollsChairman

Philip HowellChief Executive

Paul StocktonFinance Director

Mike WebbCEO of RUTM

Page 3: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

2016 in context

— a year marked by considerable political change and uncertainty

— subdued first half for investors, followed by market recovery as the year progressed

— results ahead of expectations benefitting from positive investment markets and continued growth

— continued commitment to delivery of strategic initiatives which are expected to gain traction this year

— considerable post-Brexit volatility in bond markets through the third quarter

— proposal to close defined benefit schemes with subsequent raising of £36.9 million, net of placement costs, undertaken in October

— completion of London office move to 8 Finsbury Circus

New Rathbones headquarters inFinsbury Circus, London

Page 3Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

Page 4: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Financial results

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 4

Paul StocktonFinance Director

Page 5: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

2016 financial highlights

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5

FUM growth continues

— total funds under management up 17.1% to £34.2bn

— total net organic and acquired growth in funds under management of 6.0%2

— Investment Management gross inflows of £2.7bn

— Unit Trust net inflows of £0.6bn

Stable underlying operating margin

— underlying PBT up 6.4% to £74.9m resulting in operating margin of 29.8%

— underlying EPS3 of 122.1p and basic EPS of 78.9p

— PBT of £50.1m reflects planned non-underlying costs of £13.0m related to the London office move and Vision acquisition

Balance sheet management on track

— completed a 4.6% share placing, raising £36.9m net of costs

— defined benefit pension scheme closure planned for 30 June 2017

— final dividend of 36p, resulting in a total dividend of 57p for the year

— underlying return on capital steady at 19.3% (2015:19.0%)

£29.2 bn

£34.2 bn

2015 2016

+ 17.1%

FTSE100

6242

FTSE100

7143

+ 14.4%

£70.4m

£74.9m

2015 2016

30.7%

29.8%

+6.4%

55p57p

2015 2016

Funds under management Underlying¹ profit before tax/operating profit margin

Total dividends per share

1 See slide 9 for a reconciliation between profit before tax and underlying profit before tax. Operating profit margin equals underlying profit before tax divided by underlying operating income2 Total net organic and purchased growth in funds under management managed by Investment Management and Unit Trust as a percentage of opening funds under management.3 See slide 30 for a reconciliation between earnings per share and underlying earnings per share

+3.6%

Page 6: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Investment Management

FY 2016(£bn)

Unit Trusts

FY 2016(£bn)

TotalFY 2016

(£bn)

Total FY 2015

(£bn)

Opening funds under management 26.1 3.1 29.2 27.2

Inflows 2.7 1.3 4.0 3.9

– organic¹

– purchased²

2.3

0.4

1.3

-

3.6

0.4

3.2

0.7

Outflow of money (1.5) (0.7) (2.2) (2.1)

– retained accounts

– closed accounts

(1.0)

(0.5)

Market effect and investment

performance2.9 0.3 3.2 0.2

Closing funds under management 30.2 4.0 34.2 29.2

Net organic inflows 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.1

Underlying rate of net organic

growth³2.9% 18.0% 4.5% 4.1%

Total rate of net growth³ 4.5% 18.0% 6.0% 6.6%

Funds under management

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 6

¹ Organic growth excludes income items and represents new business from current clients or from new clients (including those via intermediaries).

² Purchased growth is defined as corporate or team acquisitions, and new business from investment managers who are on an earn-out arrangement.

³ Calculated using unrounded numbers.

Organic gross inflows

— one third of new business continues to be sourced by intermediaries

Purchased inflows

— nearly all individuals on earn-out arrangements are expected to meet targets

IM outflows

— consistent at 5.7% of funds under management (2015 5.3%)

— 2/3 of outflows relate to retained accounts

Unit trusts

— strong year in 2016

— 2017 sales slow to date with regulatory changes to come

Page 7: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Improving income quality

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 7

2.86.8

3.5

2.9

Breakdown of 2016 advisory and other income (£m)

Vision

Trust

Financial Planning

Other Income

54.2 56.0 57.9

19.7 16.8 13.83.3 3.4 2.5

2014 2015 2016

Investment Management basis point return on average funds under management¹

Fees Commissions Interest

77.2 76.2 74.2

FY 2016

(£m)

FY 2015

(£m)

%

change

Average FTSE 100 Index (on

quarterly billing dates)6659 6415 3.8

Net investment management fee

income184.8 161.4 14.5

Net commission income 38.9 43.1 (9.7)

Net interest income 11.6 10.8 7.4

Fees from advisory services and

other income16.0 13.9 15.1

Underlying operating income 251.3 229.2 9.6

Investment management and advisory fee income represents 79.9% of underlying operating income (2015: 76.5%)

¹Underlying operating income excluding interest on own reserves, interest payable on Tier 2 notes issued, fees from

advisory income and other income, divided by the average funds under management on the quarterly billing date.

Page 8: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

FY 2016

(£m)

FY 2015

(£m)

%

change

Fixed staff costs 79.8 73.5 8.6

Average FTE1 employees

during the year1,066 981 8.7

Actual FTE1 employees at

the year end1,101 1,018 8.2

Variable staff costs 45.0 39.7 13.4

Variable staff costs as a %

of underlying profit before

tax and variable staff costs

37.5% 36.1%

Other direct expenses 51.6 45.6 13.2

Total underlying

operating expenses176.4 158.8 11.1

Balancing expenditure

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 8

1 Full time equivalent

² Components of strategic investment are outlined on slide 18 and include intermediary distribution,

Private Office, Financial Planning, and Investment process

1,018

27

18

17

21

1,101

1,000

1,020

1,040

1,060

1,080

1,100

1,120

As at 31December 2015

VisionAcquisition

InvestmentManagement

StrategicInvestment

Administration As at 31December 2016

Growth in headcount 2016

Support

staff

24.2

(9.1)(1.8)

(15.0)

(10.0)

(5.0)

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Business as usual Strategic investment² Infrastructure

2014-2016 cumulative 2 year underlying profit impact (£m)

2014: £61.6

2016: £74.9

Page 9: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

FY 2016

(£m)

FY 2015

(£m)

%

change

Average FTSE 100 Index (on quarterly

billing dates)6659 6415 3.8

Underlying operating income 251.3 229.2 9.6

Underlying operating expenses (176.4) (158.8) 11.1

Underlying profit before tax 74.9 70.4 6.4

Charges in relation to client relationships and

goodwill(11.8) (11.0) 7.3

Vision acquisition costs (6.0) (0.4)

Head office relocation costs (7.0) (0.4)

Profit before tax 50.1 58.6 (14.5)

Profit after tax 38.2 46.4 (17.7)

Effective tax rate 23.8% 20.8%

Total comprehensive income, net of tax 6.9 51.4

Profit before tax

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

¹As at 31December of each year

Page 9

— head office relocation complete

— 8 Finsbury Circus completion date reduces 2016 relocation costs by £2.5m

— 7th floor let as planned

— Brexit-related delays increase expected 2017 Curzon Street onerous lease cost from £8m to c.£10m

— cost of c.20,000 sq ft additional net space capacity + c.£1m in 2017/2018

71

81

99

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2014 2015 2016

FU

A (

£b

n)

Nu

mb

er

of

ap

po

inte

d

rep

resen

tati

ves

Strong Vision growth¹

Number of appointed representatives

Total funds under advice (£bn)

£0.85bn

£1.03bn

£0.67bn

Page 10: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Page 10

Assets

31/12/16

(£m)

31/12/15*

(£m)

Total own funds1 174.2 144.3

Pillar 1 own funds requirement 71.5 67.2

Surplus before Pillar 2A 102.7 77.1

Pillar 2A requirement 27.9 26.8

Surplus before Pillar 2B 74.8 50.3

CCB + CCyB2 (buffers) 5.9 6.5

Surplus after CCB + CCyB 68.9 43.8

Risk weighted assets (RWAs) 892.7 840.8

Pillar 2A as % of RWAs 3.1% 3.2%

Group Common Equity Tier 1 ratio3 17.7% 15.4%

Consolidated leverage ratio3 6.6% 7.7%

Balance sheet management

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

* Restated for the impact of the revaluation of net assets acquired

¹For a reconciliation between total equity and total own funds, see slide 332 Capital conservation buffer (CCB) and Counter Cyclical Buffer (CCyB) 3 See slide 44 for definitions of principal banking ratios

— capital raised to support action on pension scheme

— retained capital necessary to fund pension scheme closure

— regulatory ratios stable

Pension deficit5

£31.4m

Dividends£26.5m

Purchased intangibles

£10.9m

Other6 £3.8m

Increase in surplus £24.9m

Movements in share capital4

£44.2m

Profit after tax (pre amort'n)

£53.2m

2016 sources and uses of capital

Sources

Uses

Increase in surplus

Sources Uses

4 Shares issued, share based payments and movements in own shares5 Loss on remeasurement of defined benefit liability net of deferred tax6 Increase in regulatory requirements from business growth and change in buffers

Page 11: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Building a sustainable business

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 11

Philip HowellChief Executive

Page 12: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

In 2014 we shared an aspiration to reach £40 billion funds under management in 2018…

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 12

— improve team structures

— simplify pricing structures

— grow charities and specialist services

— establish Rathbone Private Office

— build up our in-house financial planning team to support all branches

— recruit high-quality teams and bolt-on acquisitions

— build the client loan book

— enhance investment process support

— grow Rathbone Unit Trust Management

— building and leverage our sales capability in the intermediary market

— grow our Vision relationship

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

De

c-1

3

Ma

r-1

4

Jun-1

4

Sep-1

4

De

c-1

4

Ma

r-1

5

Jun-1

5

Sep-1

5

De

c-1

5

Ma

r-1

6

Jun-1

6

Sep-1

6

De

c-1

6

Ma

r-1

7

Jun-1

7

Sep-1

7

De

c-1

7

Ma

r-1

8

Jun-1

8

Sep-1

8

De

c-1

8

How are we doing?

Actual Group FUM

Page 13: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Rathbone Unit Trust Management

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 13

FY

2016

FY

2015

% change

Rathbones

% change

industry¹

Funds under

management £4.0bn £3.1bn 29.0 12.6

Net sales £0.6bn £0.4bn 50.0 (72.0)

Profit before

tax£8.7m £6.6m 31.8 n/a

Operating

margin 34.8% 32.7% n/a n/a

— momentum good but redemptions higher

— volatile markets

— macro economic outlook

— geopolitical uncertainty

— regulatory headwinds

— FAMR

— MiFiD II

— PRIIPS

— A broad range of funds for uncertain times helps

— Total return

— Strategic bond

— Heritage

— Continue momentum of Luxembourg funds

Looking back Looking forward

Cautious investor sentiment

¹ The Investment Association for the year ended 31 December 2016

Page 14: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

A five year planDistribution

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 14

Mindsets

Lack of skills, knowledge, experience

Proposition

Collateral

Pricing

Infrastructure

Resources

3rd party support

Lack of UK footprint

MPS

DFM suitability options

Pricing flexibility

Uniformed proposition, delivery and collateral

Fully resourced

Experienced and trained teams

UK road shows

2014 2015/2016 2017/2018

Commencement

of strategy

The possibility The change/

build/challenge

period

Delivery phase

Page 15: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Vision Independent Financial PlanningEncouraging growth for 2017

— much of 2016 was focused on post acquisition activities

— comprehensive reviews

— strengthening and implementing governance and IT overlays

— resuming adviser recruitment

— positioning for growth

— business is performing well

— DFM funds under management - up 21.2% at £1.03bn (2015: £0.85bn)

— recruitment continues

Page 15Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

2017 is exciting with a very strong recruitment pipeline and greater focus with

fewer distractions

Page 16: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

— aimed at clients with over £10m of investable assets

— in-depth advice on overall asset allocation

— transparent consolidated reporting

— discretionary investment management allowing access to the top-tier money managers globally

— full range of charitable and ethical investment solutions

— leading advisory solutions via partnerships with Credit Suisse and third-party asset class specialists

— secured lending against assets

— extensive experience in financial planning including trust and tax services and resident non-domiciled solutions

— client centres in London, Switzerland and the Channel Islands

— review of managers’ fees to reduce costs

What does Rathbone Private Office do?

Page 16Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

Page 17: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Access to third party providers

— wide-ranging advisory solutions covering equities, bonds,

foreign exchange, commodities and alternative asset classes

— best-in-class fund selection

— resident and non-domiciled compliant solutions

— extensive lending platform

— leading macro and company-specific research

— custody services

— structured solutions

— discretionary hedge fund manager covering 73 funds and

managing US$3.4bn

— extensive due diligence capabilities with 33 dedicated

professionals

— direct relationship between Stenham and the client. Stenham

will be responsible for suitability and appropriateness

— leading global managers of private equity, debt, real estate

and infrastructure solutions with Euro 54.2bn1 under management

— 900 employees across 19 offices

— largely owned by employees and listed on SIX Swiss Exchange

— direct relationship between Partners Group and the client (on the

basis of professional client status)

Rathbone

Private

Office

ClientsSource: Stenham Asset Management website, as at 30 June 2016

Source: Partners Group website, as at 31 December 2016

Page 17Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

1 Unaudited, inclusive of all Partners Group affiliates, as of 31 December 2016

Page 18: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Progressing our strategy in 2016

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 18

Initiative What have we delivered to date? 2017 milestones

Intermediary

distribution

— sales and management team in place

— 12 strategic partnerships

— flows beginning

— +c.£200m funds under management

— inflationary cost increases

Private Office — a defined proposition

— Credit Suisse platform

— c.£200m funds under advice

— full cost run rate +c.£1m on 2016

Financial Planning

— stable risk and infrastructure

— stronger support teams

— selected hiring/some leavers

— build out proposition

— full cost run rate of +c.£2m of expenditure on

advisors, systems and improving

infrastructure

Investment process

— higher quality output

— risk and assurance systems

— research hub

— selectively add resources

— improve research accountability

Infrastructure— IT strategy

— Liverpool space

— IT restructure and skills upgrade

— Property move

As planned, we spent an additional £6m in 2016 on strategic initiatives

Page 19: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Supporting our strategy in 2017

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 19

¹ Run rate increases highlighted on slide 18

New system

Process re-engineering

Simpler cost allocation

Tiered profit share award

Enhanced growth award

Transitional measures

Skills upgrade and restructure

IT architecture and cloud solutions

Mandatory projects

Client relationship

management

Client “journey”

Future proof IT

Enabling automation

MIFID 2/GDPR

Investment manager

remuneration

Client service

Growth

Efficiency

Total potential financial impacts

Capital expenditure

New CRM tool +c.£1m

Additional run rate

operating expenses

IT improvements +c.£2m

Strategic

initiatives¹ +c.£3m

8 Finsbury Circus +c.£1m

Page 20: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Focusing on delivery

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 20

— maintain momentum in strategic initiatives

— drive improvements but keep cost discipline

— manage our balance sheet risks

— acquisition opportunities that fit our culture

Exciting challenges and opportunities ahead, mindful of investment markets

Page 21: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Q&A

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 21

Page 22: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Appendix

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 22

Page 23: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Rathbones at a glance

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 23

Rathbone Brothers Plc, through its subsidiaries, is a leading provider of high-quality, personalised investment and wealth management services for private clients, charities and trustees. Our services include discretionary investment management, unit trusts, banking and loan services, financial planning, unitised portfolio services and UK trust, legal, estate and tax advice.

— We have two main areas of operation as

well as several complementary services:

— Rathbones Investment Management offers

personal discretionary investment management

solutions

— Rathbones Unit Trust Management provides

unit trust and multi-asset fund products

— Complementary services including:

— banking and loan services

— in house financial planning advice

— a unitised portfolio service

— UK trust, legal, estate and tax advice

— Vision Independent Financial Planning

£30.2bn

£4.0bn

Investment management

Unit trusts

Total funds under management

£34.2bn

Page 24: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Our business model

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 24

Scale and expertise

— 287 highly trained investment professionals

— £34.2 billion funds under management

— a broad range of investment solutions

Brand and reputation

— established brand

— local presence and consistent delivery

— reliable systems and infrastructure

— accredited performance reporting

Independent ownership

— listed on the London Stock Exchange

— high standards of corporate governance

Individual relationships with clients

— our service is delivered directly though investment managers

leading to long and trusted relationships

— clients have the ability to join Rathbones either directly or

through their own financial intermediary

— we can access investments across the whole market, with no

bias towards in-house funds

— our online capabilities complement our service

An informed investment process

— we have a bespoke approach to portfolio construction

supported by an influential central research team

— our firm-wide processes allow us to pool intellectual capital

and provide strategic asset allocation methodologies

— our internal quality assurance and performance measurement

capabilities provide a control mechanism

Diverse distribution

— direct client referrals remain the most important source of

organic growth

— our specialist investment teams provide services to charities

and ethical investors

— we have a dedicated sales team for discretionary and unit

trust services to UK financial intermediaries

— our Vision business operates independently but retains a

relationship with Rathbone Investment Management

High quality operations

— we have dedicated in-house custody and settlement

— our operations team is highly experienced

— we form reliable outsourced relationships, where cost effective

For investors

— a track record of consistent net organic

growth

— successful acquisition capability for people

and firms that fit our culture

— an underlying operating margin of around

30% throughout the economic cycle

— investment in targeted growth initiatives that

broaden our distribution

— stable dividend growth

Underlying operating margin

between 28.6% – 30.7% over the past

5 years.

For clients

— balanced management of portfolios through

ever changing market conditions

— a valued and quality service that builds trust

Funds under management increased

115.8% over the past 5 years.

For employees

— value-based remuneration

— investment in training and development

— 14.7% staff shareholding

— graduate development

Staff turnover between 4.0% – 6.0%

over the past 5 years.

What makes us different How we do it What makes us different

Page 25: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Current growth strategy

Page 25Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

— new client

introductions

— loans

— financial planning

— leveraging vision

— B2B panels -

national/ regional

firms

— individual

financial advisers

— accountants &

solicitors

— charities

— Greenbank

— investment

performance and

process

— incubate new

strategies

— Private Office

— direct to client

marketing

— company or

business asset

acquisitions

— investment

managers on an

earn-out

arrangement

Client referrals Intermediaries Specialist services

Unit Trust Strategicinitiatives

Acquisitions

Organic growth Purchased growth

Capacity management

Investment manager remuneration

Page 26: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Leading UK private client wealth managers

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 26

Data source: PAM 2016

¹ ‘-’ indicates that no information regarding the Discretionary / Advisory split of assets is available

² Includes HSBC Private Bank and HSBC Global Asset Management

³ Rathbones figure only includes funds under management Rathbone Investment Management and is quoted as at 31 December 2015

Private client AUM (£m) Private client AUM (£m)

Total Disc. Adv. Total Disc. Adv.

1 St. James's Place Wealth Management 58,600 -¹ - 21 Thesis Asset Management 9,998 9,198 800

2 Coutts 49,239 47,269 1,970 22 Close Brothers Asset Management 9,412 7,530 1,882

3 Barclays 44,149 30,904 13,245 23 SGPB Hambros 8,942 5,991 2,951

4 UBS Wealth Management 31,681 7,920 23,761 24 JM Finn & Co 7,840 5,253 2,587

5 HSBC² 29,415 - - 25 Brooks Macdonald Asset Management 7,470 7,470 -

6 Brewin Dolphin Ltd 28,300 24,621 3,679 26 Rothschild 7,360 7,066 294

7 Investec Wealth & Investment 27,700 21,883 5,817 27 Standard Life Wealth 6,508 6,508 -

8 Rathbones³ 26,126 24,036 2,090 28 Santander Wealth Management 6,300 945 5,355

9 Cazenove Capital Management 25,866 25,090 776 29 Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management 6,051 4,538 1,513

10 JPMorgan Private Bank 19,000 7,600 11,400 30 Ruffer 5,831 5,831 -

11 Goldman Sachs International 17,818 11,938 5,880 31 Tilney Bestinvest 5,800 4,466 1,334

12 MAN GLG 16,349 16,349 - 32 LGT Vestra 5,628 4,390 1,238

13 Quilter Cheviot 16,261 14,960 1,301 33 Towry 5,535 4,760 775

14 Smith & Williamson Investment Management 15,972 11,979 3,993 34 Partners Capital 5,500 3,300 2,200

15 Lloyds Bank Private Banking 14,943 14,943 - 35 Speirs & Jeffrey 5,498 1,924 3,574

16 Credit Suisse (UK) 12,950 4,662 8,288 36 Kleinwort Benson 5,309 3,769 1,540

17 Davy Private Clients 12,580 6,919 5,661 37 Raymond James Investment Services 5,278 4,222 1,056

18 Charles Stanley & Co 12,280 9,333 2,947 38 Stonehage Fleming Investment Management 5,257 3,943 1,314

19 Canaccord Genuity Wealth Management 11,900 8,568 3,332 39 Hargreave Hale & Co 5,000 2,500 2,500

20 Seven Investment Management (7IM) 10,100 2,323 7,777 40 RBC Wealth Management 4,664 2,425 2,239

Page 27: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Assets31/12/16

(£’000)

31/12/15*

(£’000)

Cash and balances with central banks 1,075,673 583,156

Settlement balances 37,787 17,948

Loans and advances to banks 114,088 108,877

Loans and advances to customers¹ 110,951 117,269

Investment securities – available for sale 105,421 53,386

Investment securities – held to maturity 700,000 707,745

Prepayments, accrued income and other assets 65,710 59,513

Property, plant and equipment 16,590 10,006

Deferred tax asset 10,601 4,577

Intangible assets 167,192 171,453

Total assets 2,404,013 1,833,930

Analysing the balance sheet

* Restated for the impact of the revaluation of net assets acquired.

¹ Loans and advances to customers largely consist of the investment management loan book, but also include overdrafts, trust and pension debtors and other debtors

Liabilities31/12/16

(£’000)

31/12/15*

(£’000)

Deposits by banks 294 299

Settlement balances 39,289 21,481

Due to customers 1,888,895 1,402,890

Accruals, deferred income and other 85,154 78,716

Current tax liabilities 6,523 6,359

Subordinated loan notes 19,590 19,492

Retirement benefit obligations 39,455 4,501

Total liabilities 2,079,200 1,533,738

Equity31/12/16

(£’000)

31/12/15

(£’000)

Called up share capital 2,535 2,407

Share premium/other reserves 165,733 123,372

Retained earnings 156,545 174,413

Total equity 324,813 300,192

Total liabilities and equities 2,404,013 1,833,930

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 27

Financing related Equity capital related

Banking operational and shareholder cash Working capital

Page 28: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

66.5p

76.1p 76.0p

97.4p

78.9p

47.0p 49.0p 52.0p 55.0p 57.0p

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

pe

nc

e

Basic EPS Dividend per share

Dividend and earnings per share

Dividend cover 1.4x 1.6x 1.5x 1.8x 1.4x

Dividend payout ratio 71% 64% 68% 56% 72%

Dividend per share

growth4% 6% 6% 4%

Inflation growth

(12 month CPI)2% 1% 0% 1%

Page 28Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

Page 29: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

23.1 26.1 29.3 37.2 35.321.7 24.4 32.3 33.2 39.644.8 50.5 61.6 70.4 74.9

34.6

38.6

51.2 53.2

35.731.9

37.5

24.8

44.2

43.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1st Half UPBT (£m) 2nd Half UPBT (£m) Full Year UPBT (£m) 1st Half EPS (p) 2nd Half EPS (p)²

Un

de

rlyin

g P

BT

m)

/ E

PS

(p

)

¹See slide 30 for a reconciliation between underlying profit before tax and profit before tax for 2015 and 20162The lower 2nd half EPS in 2014 is primarily due to the £15.0 million contribution to the settlement of the legal proceedings in Jersey, recognised in July 2014.

Underlying profits before tax¹ (£m) and EPS (p)

Page 29Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

Page 30: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

FY 2016 FY 2015

Pre tax

(£m)

Post tax

(£m)EPS (p)1 Pre tax

(£m)

Post tax

(£m)EPS (p)1

Underlying profit attributable to shareholders 74.9 59.1 122.1 70.4 55.7 117.0

Charges in relation to client relationships and goodwill (11.8) (9.4) (19.4) (11.0) (8.8) (18.6)

Head office relocation costs (7.0) (5.6) (11.6) (0.4) (0.3) (0.6)

Acquisition-related costs (6.0) (5.9) (12.2) (0.4) (0.2) (0.4)

Profit attributable to shareholders 50.1 38.2 78.9 58.6 46.4 97.4

Earnings per share

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 30

¹ Weighted average number of shares in issue in the year ended 31 December 2016 = 48,357,7282 Weighted average number of shares in issue in the year ended 31 December 2015 = 47,612,026

Page 31: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Shareholders at 31 December 2016

14.7%

13.9%

8.9%

5.6%

4.4%4.1%3.6%

3.5%

3.0%

2.8%

2.5%

2.3%

2.1%

28.6%

Rathbones staff, former staff & directors

Lindsell Train Investment Mgt¹

MFS Investment Mgt²

Mawer Investment Mgt

Franklin Templeton Investments

Aviva Investors

Troy Asset Mgt

Aberdeen Asset Mgt³

Heronbridge Investment Mgt

Baillie Gifford & Co

Legal & General Investment Mgt

FIL Investment International

Columbia Threadneedle Investments

Other

¹ Lindsell Train control the voting rights <10% of this holding, the remainder is held on behalf of their clients.

² Includes shares held by MFS International Management

³ Includes shares held by Aberdeen Asset Mgt (SWIP)

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

Page 32: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

y/e 31 December 2016 Investment Management

(£m)

Unit Trusts

(£m)

Indirect expenses

(£m)

Total

(£m)

Net investment management fee income

Net commission income

Net interest income

Fees from advisory services and other income

163.3

38.9

11.6

12.5

21.5

-

-

3.5

-

-

-

-

184.8

38.9

11.6

16.0

Operating income 226.3 25.0 - 251.3

Staff costs – fixed

Staff costs – variable

Other direct expenses

Allocation of indirect expenses

(57.6)

(32.4)

(40.7)

(47.2)

(3.0)

(5.3)

(5.4)

(2.6)

(19.2)

(7.3)

(30.3)

49.8

(79.8)

(45.0)

(76.4)

-

Profit before tax 48.4 8.7 (7.0) 50.1

Segmental results

y/e 31 December 2015 Investment Management

(£m)

Unit Trusts

(£m)

Indirect expenses

(£m)

Total

(£m)

Net investment management fee income

Net commission income

Net interest income

Fees from advisory services and other income

143.8

43.1

10.8

12.2

17.6

-

-

2.6

-

-

-

-

161.4

43.1

10.8

14.8

Operating income 209.9 20.2 - 230.1

Staff costs – fixed

Staff costs – variable

Other direct expenses

Allocation of indirect expenses

(51.2)

(29.4)

(31.6)

(45.3)

(3.0)

(3.8)

(4.3)

(2.5)

(19.3)

(6.5)

(22.4)

47.8

(73.5)

(39.7)

(58.3)

-

Profit before tax 52.4 6.6 (0.4) 58.6

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 32

Page 33: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

FY 2016

(£m)

FY 2015*

(£m) % change

Equity

Share capital and share premium

Reserves

142.5

188.5

100.1

206.342.4

(8.6)

Less:

- Own shares

- Intangible assets1

(6.2)

(166.4)

(6.2)

(170.5)-

(2.4)

Total Common Equity Tier 1 capital resources 158.4 129.7 22.1

Tier 2 capital resources 15.8 14.6 8.2

Total own funds 174.2 144.3 20.7

33* Restated for the impact of the revaluation of net assets acquired.

¹ Net book value of goodwill, client relationship intangibles and software are deducted directly from capital resources

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 33

Reconciliation of equity to total own funds

Page 34: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Capital expenditure

1.7 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.5

2.3 1.61.5 1.7 2.4

1.7 0.7 0.2

0.8

9.7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

£ m

illio

n

Purchased software IT & other Property³

76%

24%

56%

44%

69%

31%

76%

24%

89%

11% Investment¹

Maintenance/replacement²

Page 34Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

¹ Investment represents capital expenditure on new assets and IT systems, data centre and new office space and branches (including London office relocation in 2016)

² Maintenance/replacement represents software updates, minor enhancements, office refurbishment and replacement of time expired computers, servers and other equipment

³ Property expenditure in general only includes leasehold improvements from the consolidated financial statements. IT & other expenditure also includes some move-related

expenditure such as IT equipment and furniture

Page 35: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Total operating expenses

31 December 2016 31 December 2015

40%

25%

2%

14%

9%

4%2%

4%

Staff - payroll (excluding variable) Staff - variable

Staff - other Property

Depreciation & amortisation Professional

Settlements IT

£201.2m43%

23%

3%

12%

9%

4%2%4%

£171.4m

Page 35Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results

Page 36: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

FY 2016 FY 2015 % change

Investment Management

Total rate of net growth in funds under management 4.5% 5.7%

Revenue margin on FUM (excluding Charities team) (bps) 77.3 79.4 (2.6)

Revenue margin on Charities team FUM (bps) 46.4 46.8 (0.9)

Underlying operating income (£m) 226.3 209.0 8.3

Underlying profit margin 29.3% 30.5%

Operating income¹ per investment manager (£m) 1.01 0.94 7.4

Average FUM per investment manager (£m) 136 123 10.6

Operations and support staff² to investment manager ratio 2.8 2.4

Average client portfolio size³ (£’000) 576 535 7.7

Group

Dividend per share (pence) 55.0

Underlying earnings per share (pence) 122.1 117.0 4.4

Dividend pay out ratio4 56%

Other information

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 36

1 Underlying operating income excluding interest on own reserves, interest payable on Tier 2 note issued, fees from advisory income and other income2 Includes secretarial and administrative support and Investment Management operations staff3 Excludes charity clients4 Dividends per share divided by earnings per share

Page 37: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Basis point return from commission

0 10 20 30

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

Advisory fee income (£m)

Analysis of operating income

Basis point return from fees

Basis point return from interest

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

0 2 4 6

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012 H1 H2

Investment Management | Preliminary results Page 37

Page 38: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Investment Management client baseAnalysis of funds under management¹

92.8%

4.2%

3.0%Service level

Discretionary

Advisory

Execution-only

38.1%

15.7%11.8%

13.3%

11.7%

9.4%

Service level

Private clients

ISAs

Trusts

Charities

Pensions

Other

8.2%

12.6%

9.8%

17.7%23.2%

9.3%

19.3%

Size of client relationship by value

<£250,000

£250,000 - £500,000

£500,000 - £750,000

£750,000 -£1.5m

£1.5m - £5.0m

£5.0m - £10.0m

>£10.0m

48.0%

22.9%

10.5%

11.1%

6.1%1.4%

Size of client relationship by number

<£250,000

£250,000 - £500,000

£500,000 - £750,000

£750,000 - £1.5m

£1.5m - £5.0m

>£5.0m

¹ As a percentage of total funds under management at 31 December 2016

Investment Management | Preliminary results Page 38

Page 39: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

13.4%

13.7%

13.1%

13.5%

14.2%

14.8%

38.8%

39.1%

42.6%

43.0%

43.7%

45.9%

31.8%

31.2%

30.3%

29.5%

29.8%

27.7%

10.0%

9.4%

8.9%

8.4%

7.2%

6.8%

6.0%

6.6%

5.1%

5.6%

5.1%

4.8%

FY 2016

H1 2016

FY 2015

H1 2015

FY 2014

H1 2014

Fixed income UK equities Overseas equities Alternatives² Cash

Where our clients’ assets are invested¹

¹ Total Investment Management including Rathbone Investment Management International.

² Including fund of hedge funds and structured products.

Direct holdings

53.1%

Collectives

46.9%

Investment Management | Preliminary results Page 39

Page 40: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Office locationNumber of investment

professionals¹

Funds under

management

(£bn at 31/12/16)²

London 132 19.64

Liverpool 25 2.00

Edinburgh 27 2.44

Winchester 18 1.65

Bristol 17 0.71

Other offices³ 54 4.57

Total 273 31.01

Offices

Investment Management | Preliminary results Page 40

¹ As at 31 December 2016 excluding fund managers in Rathbone Unit Trust Management.

² Figures include £823.8 million invested in Rathbone Unit Trust Management funds and £756.3 million of funds introduced to the group by Vision.

³ Including: Aberdeen, Birmingham, Cambridge, Chichester, Exeter, Glasgow, Kendal, Lymington, Newcastle and the Rathbone Investment Management International office in Jersey.

Page 41: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Annual management fees¹

Discretionary Management fees (subject to VAT)

Applied across Main Funds and ISA funds (pa)²

First £250,000 1.20%

Next £500,000 1.00%

Next £750,000 0.75%

Balance over £1,500,000 0.50%

¹ With effect from 1 January 2015 for new clients only.

² Management fees are calculated on the aggregate value of a defined group of related funds.

Illustration of fees (how our management fees are applied to a Portfolio of £400,000. VAT should be added)

£250,000 charged at 1.20% £3,000

£150,000 charged at 1.00% £1,500

Total annual management fee £4,500

Our fee is completely transparent and we do not charge:

— fixed and minimum fees

— dealing and commission charges

— third party brokerage charges

— set-up and exit fees

— transfer in or out charges

— custody or platform fees

— performance fees

Investment Management | Preliminary results Page 41

Page 42: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Performance¹ and Quartile Ranking at

31 December 2016 (I-Class units and S-class shares)YTD 2017 1 year 3 year 5 year

Size of fund

(£m)†

Rathbone Global Opportunities Inst Acc in GB 2.06 1 16.79 4 47.91 2 107.2 1 923.8

Sector : IA Global TR in GB 1.40 23.33 35.73 80.70

Rathbone Ethical Bond Inst Inc TR in GB 0.59 1 7.49 4 21.14 2 50.08 1 577.8

Sector : IA Sterling Corporate Bond TR in GB -0.75 9.08 19.48 35.89

Rathbone Strategic Bond Inst Inc TR in GB 0.91 2 8.9 2 15.11 2 33.06 3 71.0

Sector : IA Sterling Strategic Bond TR in GB 0.21 7.33 13.64 32.42

Rathbone Income Inst Inc TR in GB -0.47 4 8.38 3 26.75 1 83.13 2 1,366.2

Rathbone Recovery Inst Inc TR in GB2 0.65 2 7.83 3 16.21 3 85.21 2 62.3

Sector : IA UK All Companies TR in GB 10.82 16.96 69.84

Rathbone Blue Chip Income and Growth Inst Inc TR in GB -1.07 4 6.33 3 22.72 2 77.45 2 78.0

Sector : IA UK Equity Income TR in GB -0.08 8.84 19.24 70.20

Performance: retail funds

Unit Trusts| Preliminary results Page 42

Data source: Financial Express as at 31 December 2016

1 Performance figures and indices are stated on a total return basis2 From 13 July 2009, the Rathbone Special Situations Fund and the Rathbone Smaller Companies Fund merged and were relaunched as the Rathbone Recovery Fund† ‘Overall’ Fund (Mid-Market) Value (including all share classes)

Page 43: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Discrete year performance1 at

31 December 2016 (S-class shares)1 year 3 years 5 years

Size of fund

(£m)†

Rathbone Multi Asset Total Return Portfolio S Inc TR in GB2 6.13 16.34 29.97 178.0

Offset Instrument : LIBOR GBP 6m +2% TR in GB 2.65 8.28 14.59

Volatility as % of MSCI World Index [TARGET <33%] 28.01 29.21 37.70

Rathbone Multi Asset Strategic Growth Portfolio S Inc TR in GB2 12.06 24.18 54.36 229.6

Offset Instrument : UK Consumer Price Index +3% TR in GB 3.88 11 23.31

Offset Instrument : UK Consumer Price Index +5% TR in GB 5.73 17.42 35.54

Volatility as % of MSCI World Index [TARGET <66%] 61.31 56.69 59.12

Rathbone Strategic Income Portfolio Inc TR in GB 12.10 16.4

Offset Instrument : UK Consumer Price Index +3% TR in GB 3.88

Offset Instrument : UK Consumer Price Index +5% TR in GB 5.73

Rathbone Multi Asset Enhanced Growth Portfolio S Acc in GB2 16.06 30.96 65.11 21.3

Offset Instrument : UK Consumer Price Index +5% TR in GB 5.73 17.42 35.54

Volatility as % of MSCI World Index [TARGET <100%] 106.64 98.98 103.69

Rathbone Heritage S Acc in GB3 11.97 34.55 21.1

Offset Instrument : UK Consumer Price Index +5% TR in GB 5.73 17.42

Performance: outcome oriented funds

Data source: Financial Express as at 31 December 2016

1 Performance figures are stated on a total return basis 2 Rathbone Multi Asset Portfolios launched on 10 June 2009.3 Heritage Fund launched on 25 March 2013.† ‘Overall’ Fund (Mid-Market) Value (including all share classes)

Unit Trusts| Preliminary results Page 43

Page 44: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Reference sheet

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 44

Common Equity Tier 1 capital as a proportion of total risk exposure amount

Common Equity

Tier 1 ratio:

Leverage ratio:

Portfolio turnover:

Tier 1 capital resources as a percentage of total assets, excluding intangible assets and investment in associates, plus a proportion of off balance sheet exposures

Overall turnover figures equate to an average of all investment team turnover. This is calculated as purchase consideration plus sales consideration divided by average FUM on the four quarterly charging dates, and then halved (because most transactions represent a sale and a purchase).

Page 45: Rathbone Brothers Plc Preliminary results...2016 financial highlights Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 5 FUM growth continues — total funds under management up 17.1%

Rathbone Brothers Plc | Preliminary results Page 45

Important information

Information valid at date of presentation.

Tax regimes, bases and reliefs may change in the future.

Rathbone Brothers Plc is independently owned, is the sole shareholder in each of its subsidiary businesses and is listed on the London Stock

Exchange.

Issued and approved by Rathbone Investment Management Limited, which is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the

Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Registered office: Port of Liverpool Building, Pier Head, Liverpool L3 1NW,

Registered in England No. 01448919.

Rathbones is the trading name of Rathbone Investment Management Limited.

Rathbone Unit Trust Management Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Registered office: 8 Finsbury Circus,

London EC2M 7AZ, Registered in England No. 02376568.

Rathbone Trust Company Limited is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority.

Rathbone Investment Management International Limited is the registered business name of Rathbone Investment Management International Limited which is regulated by the Jersey Financial Services Commission. Registered Office: 26 Esplanade, St Helier, Jersey JE1 2RB. Company Registration No. 50503.

Rathbone Investment Management International Limited is not authorised or regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority or the Prudential Regulation Authority in the UK. Rathbone Investment Management International Limited is not subject to the provisions of the UK Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and the Financial Services Act 2012; and, investors entering into investment agreements with Rathbone Investment Management International Limited will not have the protections afforded by that Act or the rules and regulations made under it, including the UK Financial Services Compensation Scheme. This document is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purpose or sale of any financial instrument by Rathbone Investment Management International Limited.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any manner without prior permission.

© 2017 Rathbone Brothers Plc. All rights reserved.

The value of investments and the income from them may go down as well as up and you may not get back your original investment. Past performance should not be seen as an indication of future performance. Changes in rates of exchange between currencies may cause the value of investments to decrease or increase.