RaspberryPiGamingSecondEdition

TableofContents

RaspberryPiGamingSecondEdition

Credits

AbouttheAuthor

AbouttheReviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Supportfiles,eBooks,discountoffers,andmore

Whysubscribe?

FreeaccessforPacktaccountholders

Preface

Whatthisbookcovers

Whatyouneedforthisbook

Whothisbookisfor

Conventions

Readerfeedback

Customersupport

Downloadingthecolorimagesofthisbook

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1.GettingStartedwiththeRaspberryPi

ThedifferentflavorsofaRaspberryPi

SettingupanSDcard

CreatingtheSDcardinWindows

CreatingtheSDcardinMacintoshOSX

CreatingtheSDcardinLinux

UsingNOOBS

HookingupyourRaspberryPi

ConnectingtoaWi-Fiaccesspoint

Summary

2.Scratch

WhatisScratch?

UnderstandingtheScratchinterface

MakingScratchymove

Somepointersandterminology

Let’sbuildaFlappyBirdclone!

Creatinganewproject

Makingthevariables

Settingthestage

Makingthefloor

Creatingthepipes

Workingwiththemaincharacter

Enhancingthegame

PingPong

Makingthepaddles

Followingthebouncingball

Summary

3.RaspberryPiGamingOperatingSystems

PiPlay

RetroPie

ChameleonPi

Summary

4.Emulators

RaspberryPiAppStore

UsingtheAppStore

Emulators

Mednafen

FCEUX(NES)

PiSNES(SNES)

MAME4ALL

FinalBurnAlpha

PCSX_ReARMed

PicoDrive(Genesis/MegaDrive)

Stella(Atari2600)

Controls

Summary

5.PortedGames

CaveStory

Installingandrunning

Controls

Doom

Installingandrunning

Controls

OpenArena

Installation

Singleplayermatch

Multiplayermatch

Runningaserver

Joiningaserver

Controls

Minecraft:PiEdition

Installingandrunning

CreatinganewMinecraftworld

UsingtheMinecraft:PiEditionApplicationProgrammingInterface

MultiplayerMinecraft

Controls

Summary

6.LinuxGames

FreeCiv

Installingandrunning

HostingaFreeCivserver

Learningthecontrols

SuperTux

Installingandrunning

Learningthecontrols

Njam

Installingandrunning

Learningthecontrols

Galaga:Hyperspace

Installingandrunning

Learningthecontrols

Findinggamesviatherepositories

Summary

7.Controllers

ControllersontheRaspberryPi

Gamepads

Arcadesticks

Xbox360controllers

SonyDualShock3controllers

USBencoders

GPIOpins

Installingandbuilding

Troubleshootingcontrollers

Summary

8.Troubleshooting

Usingraspi-config

Commontroubleshooting

EmulationStationreturnsanerrorwhenItrytolaunchit

NothinghappenswhenIapplypower

Someofthegamesseemslow

ConnectingviaHDMIdoesn’twork

TheDualShock3controllerdoesnotconnect

IgetanerrorwhencompilingRetrogame

Summary

A.GamesList

GamesavailableviaApt-Get

RaspberryPi2

Index

RaspberryPiGamingSecondEdition

RaspberryPiGamingSecondEditionCopyright©2015PacktPublishing

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthecaseofbriefquotationsembeddedincriticalarticlesorreviews.

Everyefforthasbeenmadeinthepreparationofthisbooktoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationpresented.However,theinformationcontainedinthisbookissoldwithoutwarranty,eitherexpressorimplied.Neithertheauthor,norPacktPublishing,anditsdealersanddistributorswillbeheldliableforanydamagescausedorallegedtobecauseddirectlyorindirectlybythisbook.

PacktPublishinghasendeavoredtoprovidetrademarkinformationaboutallofthecompaniesandproductsmentionedinthisbookbytheappropriateuseofcapitals.However,PacktPublishingcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofthisinformation.

Firstpublished:September2013

Secondedition:February2015

Productionreference:1170215

PublishedbyPacktPublishingLtd.

LiveryPlace

35LiveryStreet

BirminghamB32PB,UK.

ISBN978-1-78439-933-7

www.packtpub.com

CreditsAuthor

SheaSilverman

Reviewers

DustinLarmeir

MattMurray

HarishPillay

DanPurdy

CommissioningEditor

PramilaBalan

AcquisitionEditor

OwenRoberts

ContentDevelopmentEditor

SamanthaGonsalves

TechnicalEditor

PrajaktaMhatre

CopyEditors

PranjaliChury

MerilynPereira

AdithiShetty

ProjectCoordinator

SanchitaMandal

Proofreaders

SimranBhogal

LindaMorris

Indexer

MariammalChettiyar

ProductionCoordinators

ManuJoseph

NileshR.Mohite

CoverWork

ManuJoseph

AbouttheAuthorSheaSilvermanhasbeenusingcomputerssincehewastwoyearsold.Hehasalwaysbeendrawntotechnology,videogames,education,andthepublicsector.HeisanemployeeattheCenterforDistributedLearningatUCF,wherehespendshistimeresearchinganddevelopingnewwaystoenhanceonlinelearning.HeisamemberoftheOrlandomakerspaceFamiLABandanalumnioftheUniversityofCentralFlorida.HisarticleentitledHacking,Learning,andtheRaspberryPiwaspublishedin2600:TheHackerQuarterly,hewasatechnicalreviewerforRaspberryPiNetworkingCookbook,PacktPublishing,andistheauthorofRaspberryPiGaming,PacktPublishing.

Youcanfindmoreinformationabouthimathttp://www.sheasilverman.com.

Iwouldliketothankmywonderfulwife,Kristene,whoprovidesunendingencouragementandsupporttomyprojects.Iwouldliketothankmyfriendsandfamilyfortheirongoingsupport,especiallymygrandmaforalwaysbelievinginme.Finally,IwouldliketothankLiz,Eben,andtheRaspberryPiFoundationforthecreationoftheRaspberryPi,aswellasthethewonderfulcommunitythathasflourishedsinceitsrelease.

AbouttheReviewersDustinLarmeirhasworkedinthewebhostingandcloudindustryfornearly10years,supportingLinuxsystemsandthevirtualizationinfrastructure.Heisanavidtechnologyenthusiastandloveslearningnewconceptsaswellasteachingothers.

I’dliketothankmywifeforallofhersupportthroughtheyearsinmypursuitofacareerintechnology.

MattMurrayisacreativetechnologistwholovesallthingstech,art,andeducation-related.Heholdsabachelor’sdegreeincomputeranimationandisaself-taughtprogrammer,whostartedattheageof14.Inmorerecentyears,Matthasbeentinkeringwithmoreandmorehardware-relatedprojectswithahopetohelpbridgevirtualworldswithourown.

Iwouldliketothankmypatientwifeandkids.

HarishPillayhasbeenintheICTindustryforover30years.HeiscurrentlywithRedHat,workingoncommunity-relatedengagementsatthegovernment,corporate,andenddeveloperlevels.HarishholdsanMSEEandaBSCS,bothfromOregonStateUniversity.HarishfoundedtheSingaporeLinuxUsersGroupin1993.In2005,hewasinductedintotheCouncilofOutstandingEarlyCareerEngineersbytheCollegeofEngineering,OregonStateUniversity.In2009,hewaselevatedtoFellowoftheSingaporeComputerSociety.In2013,hewasnamedDistinguishedPartnerbySPRINGSingapore,thenationalstandardsandqualityagencyinSingaporeforhisworkandcontributionstoITstandardsinSingaporeandattheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO).

Eternalgratitudetomysoulmate,Usha,andourtwosons,AjayandAmrish,fortheirunconditionalloveandsupportforallthecrazythingsthatIdo.

DanPurdyisaLondon-basedfrontenddeveloper.HegraduatedfromtheUniversityofHuddersfieldwithadegreeinmusictechnologyandaudiosystemsandthenworkedasatechnicalengineeratatopLondonrecordingstudio,wherehehelpedmaintaintheirvastarrayofequipmentandprovidedtechnicalassistanceonavarietyofprojects.Duringthistime,hedevelopedandbuiltseveralwebapplicationstocentralizeanddigitizemanyofthestudios’processes,whilealsoexperimentingwithRaspberryPi.Hedevelopedseveralstandaloneapplicationsandgames,rangingfromkiosk-styledisplaysandtakecounterstoaidassistantsandclientstoabarcodereadingmicrophoneloggingsystem.Projectsaredocumented,alongwithtutorials,onhisblogathttps://www.danpurdy.co.uk.

Danhassincemovedontoworkasafull-timedeveloperatadigitalagencyinLondon,workingonenterprise-levelwebapplications,e-commercesites,andprototypeswhilecontinuingtoexperimentwithnewframeworksandtechnologies.HealsocontinuestodevelopanddocumentnewRaspberryPiprojects.

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PrefaceHi!WelcometothewonderfulworldoftheRaspberryPi.Inafewshortyears,theRaspberryPihasamassedarichdiversityofsoftware,cultivatedbyitsincrediblecommunity.

Inthisbook,wearegoingtoexploretheentertainmentcapabilitiesoftheRaspberryPi.Fromprogrammingyourownvideogames,torelivingclassicmomentswithyourfavoritegamesystems,I’mpositiveRaspberryPigamingwillhelpyouunlockthecapabilitiesofyourdevice.

WhatthisbookcoversChapter1,GettingStartedwiththeRaspberryPi,willexplainthevariousdifferencesbetweentheRaspberryPimodels,showyouhowtosetupanSDcardforuseinyourdevice,andfinallyhowtohookupyourRaspberryPi.

Chapter2,Scratch,willintroducetheprogramminglanguageandprogrammingconceptsrequiredtobuildagame.Bytheendofthischapter,youwillhavemadetwogamesreminiscentofFlappyBirdandPingPong.

Chapter3,RaspberryPiGamingOperatingSystems,guidesyouthroughthedifferentoperatingsystemsthatarededicatedtovideogaming.Thesedistributionshavebeenspeciallysetuptoofferafunout-of-the-boxexperience.

Chapter4,Emulators,explainsthevariousgamingconsolesthatareavailabletobeemulatedontheRaspberryPi.YouwillalsolearnhowtoaccesstheRaspberryPiAppStoreandusethebuilt-insoftwarerepository.

Chapter5,PortedGames,showsyouhowtoinstallandusegamesthatwereoriginallyforothersystemsbuthavenowbeenreprogrammedtorunontheRaspberryPi.

Chapter6,LinuxGames,exploresthosegamesthatarenativetotheLinuxoperatingsystem.

Chapter7,Controllers,willintroduceandexplaintheworldofcontrollers,gamepads,andarcadesticks,andhowtheycaninterfacewiththeRaspberryPi.YouwillalsolearnhowtohookupyourfavoriteconsolegamepadstoyourPi.

Chapter8,Troubleshooting,willguideyouthroughthecommonissuesthatcropupwhenutilizingaRaspberryPi.

Appendix,GamesList,providesyouwithalistofthenativeLinuxgamesthatareavailableintheRaspbianrepositories.

WhatyouneedforthisbookYouwillneed:

ARaspberryPiAnSDcard(4GBorhigher)AcomputerrunningOSX,Windows,orLinuxAnetworkconnection

WhothisbookisforIfyouaresomeonewholovestoplaygamesandareinterestedinlearningmoreaboutthecapabilitiesofyourRaspberryPi,thisbookisforyou.BasicknowledgeofRaspberryPiprogrammingisexpected.

ConventionsInthisbook,youwillfindanumberoftextstylesthatdistinguishbetweendifferentkindsofinformation.Herearesomeexamplesofthesestylesandanexplanationoftheirmeaning.

Codewordsintext,databasetablenames,foldernames,filenames,fileextensions,pathnames,dummyURLs,userinput,andTwitterhandlesareshownasfollows:“Inthecommandprompt,typestartxtolaunchthedesktopenvironment.”

Whenwewishtodrawyourattentiontoaparticularpartofacodeblock,therelevantlinesoritemsaresetinbold:

1. Runsudochownpi/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch.cfg.2. Thenruncd/opt/retropie/emulators/RetroArch/installdir/bin.3. Finally,runsudo./retroarch-joyconfig-j0>>

/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch.cfg.

Anycommand-lineinputoroutputiswrittenasfollows:

mc.setBlock(player.x+1,player.y,player.z,block.GOLD_BLOCK)

Newtermsandimportantwordsareshowninbold.Wordsthatyouseeonthescreen,forexample,inmenusordialogboxes,appearinthetextlikethis:“AfterclickingonConnect,youwillbeaskedtologinasRegisteredUserorasGuest.ChooseGuest.”

NoteWarningsorimportantnotesappearinaboxlikethis.

TipTipsandtricksappearlikethis.

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Chapter1.GettingStartedwiththeRaspberryPiTheRaspberryPiisaninexpensive,feature-richmoderncomputercreatedbytheRaspberryPiFoundation.SincethereleaseoftheModelBin2012,thecommunitysurroundingthecomputerhasgrown,allowingforanincredibleamountofprojectsandsoftwaretobecreatedforthedevice.Theserangefromprogramminglanguages,educationalapplications,hardwareprototypes,andofcourse,videogames.

Inthischapter,youwilllearnthefollowingtopics:

ThedifferentflavorsofaRaspberryPiSettingupanSDcardHookingupyourRaspberryPi

ThedifferentflavorsofaRaspberryPiTheRaspberryPiFoundationhasreleasedfourmajormodelsoftheRaspberryPicomputer.TheytheareModelA,ModelB,ModelB+,andModelA+.TheRaspberryPi’sCPUistheBroadcomBCM2835chip.ItcontainsanARMprocessorrunningat700MHzandapowerfulgraphicschip.TheboardfeaturesHDMIandComposite(RCA)videooutputs,USBports,twoexpansionslots,aMicroUSBportforpower,andanarrayofGPIO(General-purposeinput/output)pinstointeractwiththeoutsideworld.

Sinceallmodelssharethesamebasichardwareplatform,alltheexamplesinthisbookareapplicabletoalltheversions.

ModelA ModelA+ ModelB ModelB+

USB 1 1 2 4

Ethernet 0 0 1 1

Videooutputs HDMI/Composite HDMI/Compositevia

3.5mmjack HDMI/Composite HDMI/Compositevia3.5mmjack

Memory 256MB 256MB 512MB 512MB

Storage SDcard MicroSDcard SDcard MicroSDcard

Powerusage 300mA 300mA 700mA 600mA

Price $25 $20 $35 $35

DifferencesLowcostsolution.DoesnothavebuiltinEthernetandithasonlyone1USBport.

Newestboard.Lowpower,lowcost,andmuchsmallerformfactor.

Originalboard.Balancesfeaturesandprice.

NewrevisiontotheBboard.Hasanewlayout,4USBports,andmoreGPIOpins.

SettingupanSDcardTheRaspberryPiusesSDcardstocontainitsoperatingsystemandmainstoragespace.ARaspberryPiSDcardcontainstwopartitions,whichareexplainedasfollows:

Thefirstone,isthebootpartition.ThisspacecontainstheLinuxkernel,requiredbootupfiles,andmostimportantly,theconfig.txtfile.ThisfileallowsyoutochangetheboottimeparametersandcustomizesomeofthefunctionsoftheRaspberryPi.Theseoptionsincludeover-clockingthedevice,changingmonitorsettings,andthememorysplitbetweenCPUandGPU,amongnumerousotheroptions.ThesecondpartitioncontainsaLinuxpartition,whichholdsallofyourapplications,configurations,andoperatingsystemfiles.

PreloadedSDcardimagesareavailable,whichmakeitquickandeasytogetyourRaspberryPiupandrunning.

ChoosinganSDcardisanimportantstep.Therearemanydifferentcombinationsofcardsizesandcardspeeds.4GBistheminimumsizerequiredformanyoftheoperatingsystems(OS).Irecommendthatyoustartoutwithan8GBcard.YouwillalsoseecardsmarkedwithClass4,Class6,andClass10.Thisisthespeedatwhichthecardcanbereadandwrittento.IhavefoundthatthebestbangforthebuckisaClass6card,butdon’tworrytoomuchaboutwhichoneyouchoose.

Beforewebegin,youwillneedtodownloadasuitableRaspberryPiOS.WewillbeusingtheofficialoperatingsystemcalledRaspbian.Youcandownloaditfrom

http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads.

NoteWarning!ddandWin32DiskImagercanbeusedtooverwriteyourcomputer’sownharddriveorotherdrivesconnectedtoyourcomputer.DoubleandtriplecheckthatthedriveyouselectisyourSDcard.

CreatingtheSDcardinWindowsTocreatetheSDcardinWindows,youwillneedtodownloadtheprogramcalledWin32DiskImagerbyvisitinghttp://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/.

Onceyouaredonewiththedownloading,performthefollowingsteps:

1. UnziptheRaspbianimagebydouble-clickingontheRaspbian.zipfile.2. Selectaplaceonyourharddrivetosavetheextractedfile.3. ClickonExtractfiles….4. InserttheSDcardintoyourcomputer’sSDcardreader.5. RunWin32DiskImager.

6. SelecttheRaspberryPiimageonyourharddrive.7. SelectthedriveletterunderthedevicethatcorrespondstotheSDcard.8. ClickonWrite.

CreatingtheSDcardinMacintoshOSXOSXincludeseverythingyouneedtocreatetheSDcardoutofthebox.Wewilluseautilitycalleddd:

1. Double-clicktheRaspbianimageZIPfile.ItwillautomaticallyextractintothesameplaceastheZIPfile.

2. InserttheSDcardintoyourcomputer’sSDcardreader.3. Opentheterminalapplication(locatedintheApplications|Utilitiesfolder).4. FindthenameofyourSDcardbytypingdiskutillist.

5. UnmountyourSDcardbytypingdisktuilumountdisk<disk>,thatis,/dev/disk2.

6. CopytheOSimagefromyourharddrivetotheSDcardbytypingddif=/path/to/os/image.imgof=<disk>where<disk>is/dev/disk2,andpath/to/os/image.imgistheplacetowhichyousavedtheimage.

7. Itcantakeanywherefrom15minutestooveranhourfortheimagetobewrittentotheSDcard.Itwilllooklikenothingishappeninguntilitfinishescopying.Whenitisdone,youwillseeamessageshowinghowlongittooktotransferinseconds.

TipYoucanpressCtrl+Tatanytimetoseethecurrentstatus.

CreatingtheSDcardinLinuxLikeOSX,Linuxincludeseverythingyouneedoutofthebox:

1. InserttheSDcardintoyourcomputer’sSDcardreader.2. Usingtheterminalofyoursystem,findthenameofyourSDcardbytypingsudo

fdisk–l.3. Ifrequired,youcanunmountyourSDcardbytypingumount<disk>(whichwillbe

listedfromtheearliercommand,IE/dev/disk2).4. CopytheOSimageonyourharddrivetotheSDcardbytypingdd

if=/path/to/os/image.imgof=<disk>.

NowthatyouhavecreatedyourRaspberryPiSDcard,it’stimetosetupourdevice!

UsingNOOBSTheRaspberryPiFoundationhascreatedapieceofsoftwarecalledNewOutOftheBoxSoftware,oftenabbreviatedasNOOBS.Thisisasmalloperatingsystem,whichisusedtoinstallotherOSsontoyourRaspberryPi.

InstallingNOOBSismucheasierthanotherinstalls:

1. DownloadNOOBSfromhttp://www.raspberrypi.org/downloadsandunzipthefile.2. InserttheSDcardintoyourcomputer’sSDcardreader.3. DraganddroptheNOOBSfilesontotheSDcardandyouaredone!

Atthefirstboot,youwillbepresentedwithalistofOSsavailabletobeinstalled.ChooseRaspbianandpressEnter.

HookingupyourRaspberryPiIt’sveryeasytoproperlysetupaRaspberryPi.IfyoucanbuildaLegoset,youcanbuildyourRaspberryPicomputer.Thefollowingstepswillhelpyouinthis:

1. PlaceyourSDcardintotheSDcardslotontheundersideoftheRaspberryPi.2. ConnecttheHDMIorRCAcabletotherespectiveconnectorontheRaspberryPi,

andplugtheotherendintoyourmonitor.3. PlugtheEthernetcableintotheEthernetjack(notapplicabletoModelAandA+)on

theRaspberryPiandtheotherendintoyourrouterorswitch.4. ConnecttheUSBmouseandkeyboardtothetwoUSBportsavailableonthe

RaspberryPi.IfyouareusingModelA,connectaUSBhubtoyourRaspberryPiandthemouseandkeyboardtothehub.

5. Plugthepowersupply’sMicroUSBconnectorintotheMicroUSBportontheRaspberryPitoturniton.

6. AredLED,bytheUSBports,willlightuptoindicatethatthepoweristurnedon.7. Onyourscreen,asquarerainbowimagewillappearforabriefmoment,followedby

somequickmovingtextoragraphicloadingscreen.

Congratulations!YouhavesuccessfullybootedupyourRaspberryPi!

ConnectingtoaWi-FiaccesspointTheRaspberryPiandRaspbiancaneasilyconnecttotheInternetviaEthernet,butwhenusingaUSBwirelessdevice,youcanalsoconnecttoaWi-Finetwork.RaspbianincludesagraphicalutilitytomakeconnectingtoaWi-Fiaccesspointeasy.Gothroughthefollowingsteps:

1. BootupyourRaspberryPi.2. Attheloginscreen,enteryourusernameandpassword(defaultispiandraspberry,

respectively).3. Inthecommandprompt,typestartxtolaunchthedesktopenvironment.4. Usingyourmouse,double-clickontheWiFiConfigiconthatisonthedesktop.5. TheWi-Ficonfigurationtoolwillappearshortly.

6. ClickonScantoscanforavailablewirelessnetworksaroundyou.7. Double-clickontheoneyouwishtoconnectto.

8. Ifitisasecurednetwork,youwillbeaskedforapassword.9. EnterthepasswordandclickonAdd.

10. TheStatus:DisconnectedmessageshouldnowchangetoStatus:Completed.

11. Youarenowconnectedtoyourwirelessnetwork.

Notewpa_guisavesyourconnectioninformation.IfyoulogoutorrebootyourRaspberryPi,itwillautomaticallytrytoconnecttoapreviouslyaddedaccesspoint.

Ifyoudonotseewlan0appearinthewpa_gui,orifyourRaspberryPiisunstable,youmightneedtouseapoweredUSBhub.Youshouldconnectyourdevicetoapoweredhub,andthenconnectthehubtotheRaspberryPi.Thiswillensurethatthecorrectamountofpowerisreceived.

YoucanalsocheckwhetheryourWi-Fiadapterissupportedbyvisitinghttp://elinux.org/RPi_USB_Wi-Fi_Adapters.

SummaryInthischapter,youlearnedhowtocreateyourRaspberryPi’sSDcard,hookituptoyourTVandotheraccessories,andconnectittotheInternet.Now,it’stimetohavefunwiththesoftwareonyourRaspberryPi.

Inthenextchapter,youwilllearnhowtocreateyourownvideogameusingtheScratchprogramminglanguage.

Chapter2.ScratchThischapterwillintroduceyoutotheamazingandfunworldofprogramming.Learningtoprogramandcodewillallowyoutobringyourideastocreation.Ifyouhaveeverwantedtomakeagame,buthadnoideawheretostart,thisistheplace.

Inthischapter,youwilllearnthebasicsneededtomakeyourownvideogameontheRaspberryPi.Youwilllearnhowto:

LaunchScratchDefineyourgame’sobjectivesDrawacharacterMakeyourcharacterinteractandmoveDesignandprogramaFlappyBird-stylegameDesignandcreatea2playerPingPonggame

WhatisScratch?ScratchisaprogramminglanguageandapplicationdevelopedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)asaneasy-to-use,educational,andfunenvironmenttolearntocodeandtomakevideogamesandapplications.Itisdifferentfrommostotherprogramminglanguages.Itiscompletelyvisual;ratherthantypingoutlinesofcode,allyouhavetodoisdraganddropvisualblockstocreateyourprogram.

Gamesthatmighthavetakendaystobecreatedearliercanbecreatedinminutes,rightinfrontofyoureyes.Now,youaregoingtocreatesomegamestoo!

UnderstandingtheScratchinterfaceBeforewebeginwritingourfirstgame,youneedtounderstandtheScratchinterface.Scratchisnotonlyapowerfulprogramminglanguage,butalsoafull-featuredapplication.TowriteScratchprogramsusethefollowingsteps:

1. OpentheScratchapplication.ThisisincludedonallcopiesoftheofficialRaspberryPioperatingsystem,Raspbian.

2. Inthecommandline,typestartxtoactivatethedesktopenvironment.3. Onceatthedesktop,double-clickontheScratchicon.4. Scratchshouldnowopenanddisplayabrandnewproject,whichisreadyforyouto

begin.

Thefirstthingsyouwillnoticeisthattherearethreecolumns.Onthefarrightside,youshouldseeawhitesquarewithahappylookingcat.HisnameisScratchy.HeisalsothemascotofScratch.Thispaneliswherealltheactiontakesplace.Thisisyourgamescreen.

Thecolumninthemiddleiswhereallyourcodewillbeplaced.Atthemomentthereisnothinginhere,butthiswillsoonchange.

TheleftcolumncontainseverysingleavailablecommandintheScratchlanguage.Touseoneofthesepiecesofcode,justclickononeanddragittothemiddlecolumn.

Forourfirstexample,wewillmakeScratchymove.

MakingScratchymoveLet’sgetreadytocreateourfirstprogram:

1. ClickonScratchyinthewhitepaneltomakesureheisselected.YouwillseeSprite1highlightedinthepanelbelow.SpritesarewhatthesecharactersarecalledinScratch.

2. Now,clickontheControlbuttonfromtheleftsideinthefirstcolumn.3. ClickontheWhen<greenflag>clickeditemanddragittothemiddlecolumn.4. Next,clickonMotionanddragthemove10stepsitemtothemiddlecolumn.5. MoveitundertheWhen<greenflag>clickeduntilawhitelineappearsbetween

them,andthenletgoofthemousebutton.

6. Now,clickonthegreenflagbuttonabovethegamepanel,andyoushouldseeScratchymoveabit.

Congratulations!YouhavejustmadeyourfirstapplicationinScratch.Let’sgetreadytomakeourfirstgame!

SomepointersandterminologyBeforewestartworkingonourawesome,exciting,andfungames,hereareafewpointersandtipsforworkingwithScratch:

Variable:Youcanthinkofavariableasaboxthatcanstorethings.InScratch,eachvariablecanstoreanitem,beitanumber,aname,orsomeothervalue.Stage:Thisisthebackgroundofthegamewindow.Youcansetthestagebackgroundtobeanumberofdifferentimages,andevenincludescriptsonthestage.Xposition:Thisiswhereaspriteisonthexaxisofthestage.Thexaxisgoesleftandright(horizontally).YPosition:Thisiswhereaspriteisontheyaxisofthestage.Theyaxisgoesupanddown(vertically).Sprite:Thisisanythingonthegamestage.Itcanbeacharacter,awall,anenemy,apowerup,andsoon.Spriteshavetheirowncostumesandcode.Costume:Thisreferstowhataspritelookslike.Youcanhavemultiplecostumesforasprite.Ifstatement:Thissimplyasksatrueorfalsequestion.Ifit’strue,dothenextstep.Astatementthatsays2=2whichistrue,soitcontinues.If…elsestatement:Liketheearliercommand,anif…elsestatementwillcheckwhetherthestatementistrue,andifitisnot,itwilldowhateverisintheelseblock.Foreverloops:Foreverloopsareblocksofcodethatwillcontinuouslydoasetofcommands.Onceitreachestheend,itrestartsfromthebeginningoftheblockandperformsthemoverandover.

TipIfyoudon’tknowwheretofindtherightcommandfromtheexampleinstructions,lookatthecolorofthecommand.Thecolorsmatchtheactionbuttons.

Let’sbuildaFlappyBirdclone!YourfirstgameisgoingtobeaFlappyBirdclone.Whilethismightseemlikeacomplicatedtask,itreallycanbebrokendowntoafeweasyscripts.

NoteFlappyBirdisagreatstartinggame.Ithasaclearobjective,usesmuchoftheScratchfunctionality,isrelativelysimpletocreate,andyoucanuseyourimaginationbydrawingyourownsprites,backgrounds,andpipes.

WhatkindofagameisFlappyBird?Itisagamewhereyourgoalistokeeponpressingabuttontomakeabirdriseasitisconstantlyfallingwhilenavigatingitswaythroughthepipesofvaryingheightsthatarecomingatit.

Itcanbebrokendownasfollows:

EverybuttonpressmakesthebirdgoupontheyaxisEverysecondthebuttonisn’tpressedthebirdgoesdowntheyaxisApipestartsattherightendofthexaxisandmoveslefttowardthebirdWhenthepipereachesthefarleftcornerwithouttouchingthebird,youearnapointandthepipedisappearsIfthebirdtouchesthegroundorthepipe,thenthegameisover

So,nowweknowweneedaminimumoftwosprites:abirdandapipe.

Whatelsewillweneed?Wewillneedabackground,afloor,somevariables,andafewcostumes.

CreatinganewprojectBeforewebegin,let’screateanewprojectforourFlappyBirdclone.Todoso,clickontheFilemenuandthenclickonNew.AbrandnewScratchprojectwillappear.

MakingthevariablesNowthatweknowwhatweneed,wecanstartbycreatingourvariables:

1. ClickontheVariablesbutton,andthenclickonMakeavariable.Itwillaskyouforaname,anddisplaytwooptions:ForallspritesandForthisspriteonly.EnsurethatyouclickonForallsprites.

2. Ourfirstvariablewillbenamedscore.TypethisandclickonOK.Thescorevariablewillbeusedtokeeptrackofhowmanywallsyouhavepassed.Itwillgoupbyoneeachtime.

Now,makethreemorevariableswiththefollowingnames:

scroll:Thiswillbeusedtokeeptrackofwheretheflooris,sinceitwillbemovingtime:ThiswillkeeptrackofhowmanysecondshavepassedsinceyoustartedthegamepipeX:Thiswillkeeptrackofwherethepipeisacrossthescreen

SettingthestageWithourvariablescreated,itisnowtimetocreateourgame’sbackgroundsusingthefollowingsteps:

1. ClickonStageintherightcolumn,andthenclickonBackgrounds.2. ClickonEdit.YouwillnowbeinPaintEditor.3. Clickonacolor,thenthepaintcan(filltool),andclickanywhereonthewhitearea.

ThenclickonOK.Youhavenowchangedthebackgroundofyourgame.

4. ClickonCopythreetimes,andthenediteachbackgroundtobeadifferentcolor.5. Now,clickonScripts.Wewilladdthefirstscriptstoourgame.

Thisstagehastwoscripts:

Whenthegreenflagisclicked,itsetsthebackgroundtothenextbackground,waitsforonesecond,andthensetsittothenext.Itwillrepeatthisforeveruntilthegameisover.Thesecondscriptalsowaitsforthegreenflagtobeclicked.Itthensetsthevariabletimeto0,andadds1toiteverysecondusingaforeverblock.Theforeverblockrepeatswhat’sinsideofituntilthegameisstopped.

Ifyouclickonthegreenflag,youshouldseethebackgroundchange.Nowwouldbeagoodtimetosaveyourgameaswell.ClickonFile,thenchooseSave.GiveyourgameanameandclickonOK.

MakingthefloorThefloorofthegameservestwopurposes.Thefirst,istomakeitlooklikeyouaremovingbecausethefloorscrollsacrossthestage.Thesecond,istobeanavoidableobject.Ifyoutouchthefloor,thegameisover.Ourfloorisactuallygoingtobetwosprites.

Let’sstartwiththefirstone:

1. Ontheright-handsideofthewindowisanoptiontocreateanewsprite.Youhavethreeoptions:Paintnewsprite,Choosenewspritefromfile,orGetasurprisesprite.

2. CreateanewspritebyclickingonthePaintnewspritebutton.3. Now,usethelinetool anddrawalineallthewayfromthelefttotheright.Then

fillitinwithacolorusingthebuckettool .

4. ClickonOK.NameyourspriteFloor1byclickingonthenametextboxinthemiddlecolumn.

Now,let’screatethescriptsasfollows:

Thefirstfloorspritehasthreescripts:

Thefirstscriptsetsthescrollvariableto0,andthenuntilthegameisover,itdecreasesby1.Thesecondscriptputsthefloorintoposition.Aftersettingthefloortobethefront-mostitem,itsetstheypositionto-180.Thisputsitatthebottomofthestage.Itthensetsthexpositionofthefloortothecurrentvalueofthescrollvariable.Thiswillmakeitmove.

Youwillinitiallydragthesetxto0motiontothescriptscolumn.Youwillthendragthevariablescrolloverthe0tochangeit.

Thethirdscriptresetsthescrollvariableto0ifitreachestheendofthescreen.

Pressthegreenflagbuttontowatchthefloorscroll.Itseemslikethere’sasmallproblemthough:thefloorisn’tlongenough.Itscrollsoffthescreenwithnothingbehindituntilitreachestheend.Don’tworrythough.It’sasimplefix!

1. Right-clickonFloor1andthenclickonDuplicate.2. Youshouldnowhaveacompletecopyofyourfloorsprite.Youshouldrenameitto

Floor2.Now,clickonitandchooseScripts.Wehavetomakeafewadjustments.3. DeletethefirstandthirdscriptfromFloor2.Youcandothisbyclickingand

draggingthemtothefirst(leftmost)column.4. Now,edittheremainingscripttolooklikethis:

Bysettingxtoscroll+480,youwillnowhaveasecondfloorthatfollowsthefirstfloorandcontinuallyrepeats.

Youcanaddsomecolorandsomegrasstothecostumetoaddtothescrollingeffect.

CreatingthepipesThepipesarerelativelystraightforward.Itisonesprite,withthreecostumes,andonescripttomakeitscrollacrossthescreen.

1. ClickonCreatenewspriteanddrawapipe.Mineisjustalongblackrectanglegoingallthewayfromthebottomtothetopoftheeditor.

2. UsetherectangletooltoselectaportionofthepipeandpressDelete.Younowhavetheareatoflythrough.

3. Copythecostumetwomoretimes.Thistimerefillintheholeandcreateanewoneatadifferentspotinthepipe.

Now,let’smakethepipescripts!

Thefollowingstepsexplainthemakingofpipescripts:

1. Whenthegreenflagisclicked,movethepipetothetopofthelayer,andthenbackthreelayers.Thiswillmakeitappearbehindthefloor.

2. Thesetsizeisanewcommand.Thisallowsyoutomakethespritebiggerorsmaller.Experimentwiththesizeuntilyouarehappywithhowitlooks.Youcanalsochangethistoaffectthedifficultyofthegame.Ifyoudon’tseetheholeinthemiddleofthewall,itmaybebecausethesizeissettoohigh.

3. Then,setyto0,whichputsthewallrightinthemiddleofthescreen,andxto300,whichmovesitoffthescreentotheright.

4. SetthepipeXvariableto300.Wewillusethatvariablelater.5. Inourforeverloop,subtract1frompipeX.ThencheckwhetherpipeXislessthan

-240.Thisallowsustocheckwhereitisonthescreen.Ifitislessthan-240(whichputsthepipetotheleftofthescreen),resetthepositionofthepipetothefarright,bysettingpipeXbackto300.Then,changethecostumetothenextone.

6. Finally,setthexpositionofthepipetopipeX.Wenowhaveascrollingpipe!

WorkingwiththemaincharacterNow,it’stimetomakeourmaincharacter!Thisspriteisgoingtoneedtwocostumes:onewiththewingsupandonewiththewingsdown.Luckily,Scratchalreadyincludescostumes,soyoudon’thavetodrawityourself(butfeelfreetodosoifyouwant!).

1. Ifyouhaven’tremovedScratchyyet,right-clickontheScratchyspriteiconintherightcolumn,andselectdelete.

2. Underthegamestage,you’llseetheChoosenewspritefromfileoption.Clickonthatoption.

3. Apopupwillbedisplayedshowingalistoffolders;choosethefolderAnimals.4. Formyexample,Ichoosebat1-aasshowninthefollowingscreenshot:

5. Double-clickonit,andyouwillseeitappearonyourstageandinthespritepanel.Selectit,andthenclickonCostumes.

6. Next,inNewcostume,selectImportandchoosebat1-b.Yourspritenowhasthecostumesthatitneedstolooklikeit’sflying.

7. Ifyoufeellikedrawingyourowncostumeforyoursprite,selectPaintinstead.

Now,let’sworkonthescriptsforourbat!

Whenthegreenflagisclicked,setthescorevariableto0,switchtothecostumewiththebatwingsup,setthesizetobe10percentoftheoriginalspritesize,gotothetopmostlayer,andthenmovetothosexandypositions.Playaroundbychangingthesizeofyourbatandexperimentingwiththexandypositions.Changingthesewillaffectthedifficulty

ofyourgame.

Now,weenterourforeverloop.Eachtimethisloopoccurs,wesetthespritetobethebatwithwingsup,andmoveitdownby1onthestage.Thisnextblockintroducesustouserinput.Itsaysthatifthespacekeyispressedonyourkeyboard,thenitshouldswitchtothebatwithwingsdownandmoveupthestageby5.Youcanchangethekeytobeanythingonyourkeyboard.Youcanalsochangethe5toincreaseordecreasetheheightatwhichthebatfliesperbuttonpress.

Thenexttwoifblocksfollowthesameformula.IfyourbatspritetouchesFloor1,Floor2,orthepipes,thenGameOverwillappearnexttothespriteandthegamewillstop.

Finally,ifthexpositionofthebatisequaltothevalueofpipeX,thenyoushouldchangethescoreby1,sinceitindicatesthatyouhavepassedthroughoneofthepipessuccessfully.

Now,tryoutyourgame!

EnhancingthegameNowthatyouhavecreatedyourFlappyBirdclone,youshouldtrytoenhanceandmodifyit.Herearesomeideas:

AddamultiplayeroptionCreateagameoverscreenbymakinganewbackgroundandsettingittothescreenthatappearswhenyoutouchapipeMakeascrollingbackgroundTrymakingthepipesscrollfasterorappearatrandomtimes

Whenyouareready,wecanmoveontothenextgame.

PingPongIt’stimetogobackintime,andrecreateagamethathelpedtolaunchthevideogameindustry.IthasgonebymanynamessuchasPong,PingPong,andTableTennis,butthebasicgameplayhasstayedthesame.Twopaddles,oneball,andanepicbattletogettheballpasttheotherplayer.

So,let’sbreakdownthisgame.Wewillrequire:

OnepaddlefortheleftplayerOnepaddlefortherightplayerOnebouncingballTwovariablestokeepscoreforeachplayer.

Let’sgetstarted!

MakingthepaddlesAftercreatinganewproject,youwillbepresentedwiththewhitestageandaScratchysprite.

1. Right-clickonScratchyandclickondelete.Now,clickonPaintnewsprite.

2. DrawalongblackrectangleandclickonOK.NamethisspriteLeft.

Wearegoingtocreatethreesimplescriptsforthispaddle,asfollows:

3. Thefirstscriptensuresthattheleftpaddlepointsintheproperdirectionandthensetsitssizeto60percent.Youshouldexperimentwiththesizetodeterminewhatfeels

rightforyourgame.4. Thenexttwoscriptscontroltheverticalmovementoftheleftpaddle.Again,

experimentwiththeamountofmovementthateachbuttonpressdoestochangethedifficultyofyourgame.

5. Whenyouhavesettheseup,right-clickonyourleftpaddlespriteandclickonDuplicate.

6. RenamethenewspritetoRight.Wenowhavethebeginningformakingourrightpaddle.Youwillbemakingafewadjustments,sothatasecondplayerwillcontrolthepaddle.

Wechangethedirectioninwhichthepaddleispointingtoensurethatitfacestherightdirection.Youthenneedtochangethekeysthatyouwillbeusingforthesecondplayertomovethepaddleupanddown.Inthisexample,weusetheupanddownarrowkeys.

Onthestageitself,draganddropyourpaddlesintotheproperpositions.Theleftpaddleshouldbeontheleft-handsideofthestage,butnottouchingthewall,whiletherightpaddleshouldbeontheright-handside,whilealsoleavingagapbetweenthepaddleandthewall.

Whenyouhavemadeyourchoices,clickonthegreenflagbuttonandtestyourgame.Thepaddlesshouldbeabletomoveupanddown.

FollowingthebouncingballNow,it’stimetocreatetheheartoftheprogram:theball!

Togetstarted,let’screateanewsprite:

1. Startbyimportingaspritefromthelibrary.Therearenumerousroundball-likecostumestochoosefrom.Whenyouarehappywithyourcostume,double-clickonit.RenameyournewspritetoBall.

2. Now,youwillneedtomaketwovariables.NamethemLeftScoreandRightScoreandsetthemtobeusedbyallsprites.

3. Whenthegreenflagisclicked,setthesizeoftheballto20percent,andsetbothleftscoreandrightscoreto0.

4. Movetheballtothecenterofthescreen,anduseanewblocktopointtheballinarandomdirection.Randomnumbersarelikepickinganumberoutofahat.Youdon’tknowwhichoneyouwillgetaheadoftime.Usingarandomblock,wecangiveScratchtwonumbers,asmallnumberandalargenumber,anditwillpickarandomnumberinbetweenthese.Bymakingtheballpointinarandomdirection,weaddtothechallengeandskilllevelofthegame.

5. Now,ontotheforeverblock.Eachtimeitloops,wewanttomovetheball5steps.We

nowhaveanothernewblock,Ifonedge,bounce.Thisblocktellstheballthatifithastouchedtheouteredgesofthescreen,itshouldbounceawayfromit.

6. Wenowhavetwoifstatements.Thesecomeintoeffectiftheballtoucheseithertheleftortherightpaddle.Ifittoucheseither,wehavetheballpointintheoppositedirection,andthenpickarandomdirectiontomovein.

7. Thelasttwoifstatementsarethemostimportantones.Thesecheckwhethertheballhasgonebehindeitherofthepaddles.Ifithas,itawardsapointtotheotherpaddle,andmovestheballbackintothemiddleofthestage.Thegamethencontinues!

YounowhavethebeginningofyourPingPonggame!Wherecanyougofromhere?Hereareafewideas:

Addabackgroundthatrepresentsatennismatch.Havethegameendwhenonesidescoresenoughpoints.Havethecomputerplayasoneofthepaddles.

Therestisuptoyou!Havefunandexperiment!

SummaryInthischapter,youlearnedhowtostartScratch,createcharacters,design,andprogramtwofungames.YouhaveonlyscratchedthesurfaceofwhatispossiblewiththeScratchprogramminglanguage.

Whilemakinggamesisalotoffun,sometimesyoumightneedtoplaysomeforinspiration.Luckily,theRaspberryPihassomegreatgamesandemulatorsavailable.Thenextchapterwillintroduceyoutodistributionsmadejustforgaming.

Chapter3.RaspberryPiGamingOperatingSystemsTheRaspberryPi,whileapowerfullittledevice,isnothingwithoutsoftwaretorunonit.Settingupemulators,games,andanoperatingsystemcanbeadauntingtaskforthosewhoarenewtousingLinux.Luckily,therearedistributions(operatingsystemimages)thathandleallofthisforus.Inthischapter,wewilldemonstratethreedistributionsthathavebeenspeciallymadeforgaming.

Inthischapter,youwilllearn:

WheretodownloadmultiplegamingoperatingsystemsfromSimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenPiPlay,RetroPie,andChameleonPiHowtoaccessRaspberryPi’ssharedfoldersonyourcomputerCopyinganduploadinggamefilestoyourRaspberryPi

PiPlayPiPlayisanopensourcepremadedistributionthatcombinesnumerousemulators,games,andacustomfrontendthatservesastheGUIfortheRaspberryPi.Createdin2012,PiPlaystartedasPiMAME.Originally,PiMAMEwasaversionofRaspbianthatincludedtheAdvanceMAMEandAdvanceMENUfrontend.ThedistributionwassettoautologinandstartupAdvanceMENUatbootup.ThisprojectwasfoundedbecauseofthenumerousissuesuserswerefacingtogetMAMEtocompileandrunontheirowndevices.Asmoreandmoreemulatorswerereleased,PiMAMEbegantoincludethemintheimage,andchangeditsnametoPiPlay,asitwasn’tjustforarcadeemulationanymore.

Currently,PiPlaycontainsthefollowingemulatorsandgames:

AdvanceMAME(Arcade)MAME4ALL(Arcade)FinalBurnAlpha(CapcomandNeoGeo)PCSX_ReARMed(PlayStation)Dgen(Genesis)SNES9x(SuperNintendo)FCEUX(NES)Gearboy(Gameboy)GPSP(GameboyAdvance)ScummVM(point-and-clickgames)Stella(Atari2600)NXEngine(CaveStory)VICE(Commodore64)Mednafen(GameGear,NeoGeoPocketColor,SegaMasterSystem,TurboGrafx16/PC-Engine)

TodownloadthelatestversionofPiPlay,gotohttp://piplay.organdclickontheDownloadoption.FollowthedirectionsfromChapter1,GettingStartedwiththeRaspberryPi,toburnthePiPlayimagetoyourSDcard.Whenthisiscompleted,inserttheSDcardintoyourRaspberryPiandturniton.

Withinafewmoments,youshouldseeanimagelikethisonyourscreen:

Onceit’sfinishedbooting,youwillbepresentedwiththePiPlaymenuscreen:

Here,youwillseeallthedifferentemulatorsandtoolsyouhaveavailable.PiPlayincludesanextensivecontrollersetuptool.BypressingTabkeyorbutton3onyourcontroller,apopupwindowwillappear.SelectControllerSetupandfollowtheonscreenguidetoproperlyconfigureyourcontroller:

Atthemoment,thereisn’tmuchtodobecauseyouhaven’tloadedanygamesfortheemulators.TheeasiestwaytoloadyourgamefilesintoPiPlayistousethewebfrontend.IfyouconnectyourPitoyournetwork,anIPaddressshouldappearatthetoprightofyourscreen.AnotherwaytofindoutyourIPaddressisbyrunningthecommandifconfigonthecommandline.

Navigateyourcomputer’swebbrowsertothisaddress,andthePiPlayfrontendwillappear:

Here,youcanreboot,shutdown,anduploadnumerousfilestothePiviaadraganddropinterface.Simplyselecttheemulatoryouwanttouploadfilesto,findyourgamefile,anddragitontothebox.Inafewmoments,thefilewillbeuploaded.

RetroPieRetroPieisaprojectbasedonLibretro,RetroArch,andEmulationStation.EmulationStationisanopensourcefrontendthatmakesiteasytomanageover30videogameconsolesandapplications,andyourassociatedgamefiles.Itincludesabuilt-injoysticksetuptoolandcanautomaticallydownloadassociatedmetadataforyourfiles.Thismetadataincludesitemssuchasboxartandgameinfo,whichgivesyourcollectionapolishedfinish.

Libretroisanotheropensourceproject.Itisdesignedtobringmultipleemulatorsintoonemainpackage.Insteadofhavingaseparateapplicationforeachsystem,Libretroturnstheseemulatorsintoacore,whichhooksintothelibrary.Byhavingacommonlibraryforeachemulatortohookinto,acohesiveeasy-to-useplatformiscreatedfortheuser.RetroArchisthemainfrontendfortheLibretrolibrary.

TheRetroPieprojectcombinesthebestoftheemulation,gaming,andfrontendsystemsintoaneasy-to-useplatformfortheRaspberryPi.

RetroPieincludesallofthesesystemsandconsoles:

Amiga(UAE4All)AppleII(LinApple)AppleMacintosh(BasiliskII)ArmstradCPC(CPC4RPi)Arcade(PiFBA,Mame4All-RPi)Atari800Atari2600(RetroArch)AtariST/STE/TT/FalconC64(VICE)CaveStory(NXEngine)Doom(RetroArch)DukeNukem3DFinalBurnAlpha(RetroArch)GameBoyAdvance(gpSP)GameBoyColor(RetroArch)GameGear(Osmose)Intellivision(RetroArch)MAME(RetroArch)MAME(AdvMAME)NeoGeo(GnGeo)NeoGeo(Genesis-GX,RetroArch)SegaMasterSystem(Osmose)SegaMegadrive/Genesis(DGEN,Picodrive)SegaMega-CD(Picodrive)Sega32X(Picodrive)NintendoEntertainmentSystem(RetroArch)

N64(Mupen64Plus-RPi)PCEngine/TurboGrafx16(RetroArch)Playstation1(RetroArch)ScummVMSuperNintendoEntertainmentSystem(RetroArch,PiSNES,SNES-Rpi)SinclairZXSpectrum(Fuse)PC/x86(rpix86)ZMachineemulator(Frotz)

RetroPieishostedathttp://blog.petrockblock.com/retropie/.TheRetroPieforums,blog,andadditionalinformationarealsoavailablehere.OnceyouhavedownloadedtheSDcardimage,followtheinstructionsinChapter1,GettingStartedwiththeRaspberryPi,tomoveittoyourSDcard.AfewmomentsafterbootingupyourRaspberryPi,youshouldbepresentedwithascreensimilartothefollowing:

AftertheRaspberryPihasfinishedbootingup,youwillbepresentedwiththeEmulationStationsplashscreen:

RetroPiealsosupportsnumerousjoysticksandcontrollers.WhenyoufirstrunEmulationStationanditdetectsagamecontroller,itwilllaunchasetupscreen.Thiswillallowyoutoconfigureyourcontrollerforthemenu.

Afteryourcontrollerisconfigured,youwillbeatthemenuscreen,whereyoucanselectyoursystemandgametobeplayed.

Whenyoufirstgettothemenu,youwillnoticethatithasfewoptionsavailable.ThisisbecauseEmulationStationdoesnotdisplayemulatorsthatdonothaveanygamefiles

available.OnceyoucopyaROMover,thesystemwillappear.

Tosetupyourcontrollerforthegamesystems,youwillneedtoexitbackouttotheterminal.Thencompletethefollowingsteps:

1. Runsudochownpi/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch.cfg.2. Then,runcd/opt/retropie/emulators/RetroArch/installdir/bin.3. Finally,runsudo./retroarch-joyconfig-j0>>

/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch.cfg.4. Youwillthenbepromptedtopressyourcontrollerbuttons.5. Whenthisiscomplete,runsudoreboottorebootyourRaspberryPi.

Yourcontrollerwillnowbeconfigured.

RetroPiehastwowaystocopygamefilesontothePi.ThefirstisusingSAMBAshares.Theseareessentiallyfolderssharedoveryournetwork.ThefollowingstepswillexplainhowtouseSAMBAsharestocopygamefilesontothePi:

1. OnWindows,youcanaccessthefoldersbygoingtothenetworktab,orbyenteringtheIPaddressofyourPiintothefoldermenustartingwithtwobackslashes,forexample,\\192.168.0.63.

2. Double-clickonroms,thenonthesystemyouwishtocopygamesto.

3. Tocopyyourgamefiles,draganddropyourgamefilesintothefolder.

4. OnOSX,selectGo,selectConnecttoServer,andentertheserver’sIPaddress,forexample,smb://192.168.0.63.

5. AfterclickingonConnect,youwillbeaskedtologinasRegisteredUserorasGuest.ChooseGuest.

6. Then,clickonConnectagainanddouble-clickontheromsmenuchoice.Theromsfolderisnowsharedtoyourcomputer.YouwillnowhaveaccesstoallthegamefilefoldersforRetroPie:

7. Now,simplydraganddropyourgamefilestotheproperfolder,andgetreadytoplay!

ThesecondwayisviaUSBdrive.RetroPiekeepsaservicerunninginthebackgroundthatdetectswhenanewUSBdriveisinserted.Theservicechecksforromsandgamefilesonthedriveviafoldersmatchingthesystemnames.TheservicewillautomaticallycreatetheblankfoldersthefirsttimeyouinsertyourUSBdrive.Justcopyyourfilestothecorrectfolder,andtheywillbemovedtoyourSDcard.

ChameleonPiChameleonPiisanotherready-to-useRaspberryPidistributionthatfocusesontheemulationofoldercomputers.TheChameleonPiprojectwasoriginallyconceivedtobringolderandretrostylecomputerstotheRaspberryPidevice.TodownloadChameleonPivisit:

http://chameleon.enging.com/

ChameleonPiincludesthefollowingsystems:

ZXSpectrumCommodore64Oric-1OricAtmosAppleIIseriesZX81IBMPCAtari800Atari800XLAtari2600CommodoreVic-20Commodore128AmstradCPC464AtariSTGameboyNESSNESMegadrive/Genesis

AfterbootingupyourRaspberryPiwiththeChameleonPiimage,youshouldseethefollowingsplashscreen:

Afterloading,theChameleonPithemainmenuwillbedisplayed:

ChameleonPioffersasimilarwaytogetgamefilesontotheSDcardasRetroPiedoes.ThefirstisviaSAMBAshares.ThebigdifferencebetweenthetwoisthatChameleonPi’spasswordprotectsthefolders.Bydefault,theusernameiszxandthepasswordisspectrum.Onceloggedin,youwillseealistoffoldersrepresentingeachsystem.

TheotherwayisviatheUSBdrive.UnlikeRetroPie,wherethefilesarecopiedfromtheUSBdrivetotheSDcard,ChameleonPiusesyourUSBdriveasexternalstorage.Ifyouinsertafreshlyformatteddrive,ChameleonPiwillcreateafolderstructureforyourgames.CopyyourfilesintothecorrespondingfolderonyourUSBdrive,andtheninsertitintotheRaspberryPi.ThenexttimeyouuseChameleonPi,yourgamefileswillappear.

SummaryInthischapter,youhavebeenintroducedtothreedifferentgame-basedRaspberryPidistributions.Whileallthreesharealotincommon,theygoaboutimplementinggamingintheirownuniqueways.Tryallthree,andusetheonethatfitsyourgamingstylethebest.

Inthenextchapter,youwilllearnhowtoaccesstheRaspberryPiAppStoresowecanplaywithevenmoregames.

Chapter4.EmulatorsInthischapter,wewilldiveintoemulationontheRaspberryPi.Butwhatisemulation?Emulationistheactofduplicatingthefunctionalityofonesystemontoanother.ThismeansthatwecanmaketheRaspberryPipretendtobesomethingelse,suchasaSuperNintendo,oraCommodore64,oraSegaGenesis.Byutilizingdifferentemulationsoftware,ourRaspberryPicanbeallthesethingsandmore.

Youwilllearn:

HowtoinstallapplicationsusingtheRaspberryPiAppStoreHowtodownloadapplicationsfromtheInternetHowtoinstallprogramsfromtheRaspbianrepositories

Let’sstartwiththeRaspberryPiAppStore.

RaspberryPiAppStoreItseemsthatagrowingtrendisforeachdevicetohaveitsownlittleecosystemforapplications.TheRaspberryPiisnodifferent,andeachcopyofRaspbianhasaccesstothePiStore.ThisAppStoreisforyoutodownloadgamesandapplicationsmadespecificallyfortheRaspberryPi.

UsingtheAppStoreWewillnowlaunchtheAppStore,createanaccount,anddownloadsomeapplicationsusingthefollowingsteps:

1. Atthecommandline,enterstartxtostartthedesktopenvironment.2. Onthedesktop,double-clickonthePiStoreicon.3. ClickontheLogInlinkinthetop-rightcornerofthewindow.

4. Ifyoudon’thaveanaccountyet,createonenow,andthenloginwiththeemailaddressandpasswordyouusedtoregister.

5. Youcansearchforsoftwareusingthesearchbarorclickonacategorytobringupapplicationsandgamesspecifictothatarea.

6. ClickontheFreeDownloadand/orBuyNowbuttonwhenyouhavefoundaselectionyouwouldliketoaddtoyourlibrary.

7. Theselecteditemwillbedownloadedandautomaticallyinstalled.8. IntheMyLibrarytab,clickontheitemyouwanttorun,andthenclickonthe

Launchbutton.

Anydevelopercansignupanduploadtheirgamestothestore.Pricingforgamesstartsatfreeofchargeandcangoupfromthere.Oncethegamehasbeenmadeavailableinthestore,anyuserwithanaccountcanpurchaseit.Allgamesandappsarestoredunderthe/usr/local/bin/indiecityfoldertoplaythemoffline.

Don’tworryaboutformattingyourSDcardandlosingyourgames.WhenyoulogintoyourPiStoreaccountyoucanre-downloadallyourpurchases.

EmulatorsTherearenumerousemulatorsavailablefortheRaspberryPi.SomeoftheseareavailablethroughtheAppStore,othersyouneedtodownloadfromawebsiteandmanuallyinstall,andthentherearesomewhichcanbeinstalledviaRaspbian’spackagemanager.

Emulatorsrecreatehowagameconsoleworks,buttheydon’temulatethegamesthemselves.Thatrequiresthegamedata.Whenwerefertogamefilesinthisbook,wearereferringtotheRead-OnlyMemory(ROM)thatavideogame’sdataisstoredon.Thesecanbecartridges,CDsandDVDs,floppydisks,andothertypesofmedia.Manyareavailableasfilesyoucandownload.Pleasebeawarethatcopyrightmaystillexistonthesefilesandthatnotallarefreelyavailable.

MednafenMednafenisaprogramthatconsistsofmultiplesystememulators.ItcanemulatetheAtariLynx,NeoGeoPocketColor,WonderSwan,GameBoyColor,andtheTurboGrafx-16withgreatperformance.

InstallingMednafenfromtheterminaliseasy.Wewilluseapt-get,whichisthedefaultpackagemanagerforRaspbian.Theapt-getcommandmakesiteasytoinstallandupdatecommonLinuxutilitiesandprograms.

NoteBeforeusingapt-gettoinstallanapplication,youshouldrunsudoapt-getupdate.Thiswillkeepthelistofavailableapplicationsuptodate.

Let’sseehowtousetheapt-getcommand:

1. Inthecommandprompt,typesudoapt-getinstallmednafenandpressEnter.2. Theapt-getcommandwillnowsearchtherepositoriesfortheapplication,download

thepackage,andinstallitonyoursystem.Whenitiscompleted,typemednafenandpressEnter.Youwillbegreetedwithtextthatexplainshowtousetheprogram.

3. Thisversionisbestrununderthedesktop,sotypestartxinthecommandprompt,andpressEnter.

4. Youwillwanttobringuptheterminalappbydouble-clickingonLXTerminalfromthedesktop.Youwillalsoneedtosupplyagamefiletotestwith.

5. Fromtheterminal,typemednafen/path/to/gamenameandpressEnter,forexample,mednafen/home/pi/homebrew.zip.

6. Mednafenwillreadthegamefile,selectthecorrectsystem,andbringupthegamewindow.

YouarenowreadytoplaygamesusingMednafen.

FCEUX(NES)FCEUXisanemulatordesignedtorungamesfortheNintendoEntertainmentSystem(NES).TheNESisarguablythemostpopularandwellknowngamingsysteminvideogamehistory.Releasedin1984,theNESintroducedsuchpopulartitlesasSuperMarioBros,TheLegendofZelda,MegaMan,andMetroid.Hundredsofgameswereproducedforthis8-bitsystem,manyofwhichcanbeplayedontheRaspberryPi.ThefollowingstepswillshowyouhowtouseFCEUXforrunningthegame:

1. WewillstartbydownloadingFCEUX.Typewgethttp://raspberrypigaming.com/files/fceux.zipintoyourterminal.

2. Next,typeunzipfceux.zipandpressEnter.Ifyougettheerrorsayingunzipnotfound,typesudoapt-get-yinstallunziptoinstalltheunzipprogram.

3. Thefilefceuxshouldnowbeinyourdirectory.Runtheemulatorbytyping./fceux/path/to/game/rom,forexample,./fceux/home/pi/smb.nes.

PiSNES(SNES)PiSNESisaportoftheSNES9xprojectandisanemulatordesignedtorungamesfortheSuperNintendoEntertainmentSystem(SNES).TheSNESwasreleasedin1991,andfeatured16-bitgraphics,whichwasincredibleforitstime.ThegamesreleasedontheSNESarestillhighlysoughtafter;collectorsandplayersallaroundtheworldstillenjoygamessuchasFinalFantasy,StarFox,MegaManX,F-Zero,SuperMarioWorld,andhundredsofothergreatgames.Whatmakesthisemulationpossible,isthefactthatPiSNEStakesadvantageoftheRaspberryPi’sgraphicschip,andoffloadsmuchoftheprocessingtothat.

PiSNESisnotavailableinthePiStoreortherepositories,sowemustdownloaditfromtheprojecthomepage.Wewillbeusingwgettodownloadtheprojectfilesasfollows:

1. First,wewillcreateafolderforPiSNES.Typemkdirpisnesinaterminal.2. Now,enterintothepisnesdirectorywithcdpisnes.3. Now,typewgethttp://raspberrypigaming.com/files/pisnes.zip.Ifthat

doesn’twork,gotohttps://code.google.com/p/pisnes/forthelatestdownload.4. Unzipthefilebyrunningunzippisnes.zip.5. Placeyourgamefilesintheromsdirectory.6. Now,runPiSNESwith./snes9x.gui.7. Amenuwillappearwithyouravailablegames.Havefun!

MAME4ALLMAME4ALLisaportoftheMAMEprojectfortheRaspberryPi.MAMEstandsforMultipleArcadeMachineEmulator,andasitsnameimplies,itiscapableofrunningalargenumberofarcadegames.

MAME4ALLisnotavailableinthePiStoreortherepositories,sowemustdownloaditfromtheprojecthomepage.Wewillbeusingwgettodownloadtheprojectfilesasfollows:

1. First,wewillcreateafolderforMAME4ALL.Typemkdirmame4allinaterminal.2. Now,enterintothemame4alldirectorywithcdmame4all.3. Next,typewgethttp://raspberrypigaming.com/files/mame4all_pi.zip.Ifthat

doesn’twork,gotohttps://code.google.com/p/mame4all-pi/forthelatestdownload.4. Unzipthefilebyrunningunzipmame4all_pi.zip.5. Placeyourgamefilesintheromsdirectory.6. Now,runMAME4ALLbytyping./mame.7. Amenuwillappearwithyouravailablegames.Havefun!

FinalBurnAlphaFinalBurnAlphaisaprojectdesignedtoemulatemanyarcadegames,mostnotablythosethatrunontheNeoGeo,CapcomCPS-1,andCPS-2platforms.

FinalBurnAlphaisnotavailableinthePiStoreortherepositories,sowemustdownloaditfromtheprojecthomepage.Wewillbeusingwgettodownloadtheprojectfiles.

1. First,wewillcreateafolderforFinalBurnAlpha.Typemkdirfbainaterminal.2. Now,enterintothefbadirectorywithcdfba.3. Next,typewgethttp://raspberrypigaming.com/files/fba.zip.Ifthatdoesn’t

work,gotohttps://code.google.com/p/pifba/forthelatestdownload.4. Unzipthefilebyrunningunzipfba.zip.5. Placeyourgamefilesintheromsdirectory.6. Now,runFinalBurnAlphawith./fbacapex.7. Amenuwillappearwithyouravailablegames.Havefun!

PCSX_ReARMedPCSX_ReARMedisaPlayStationemulatorfortheRaspberryPi.Ascrazyasthisseems,theRaspberryPicanplayPlayStationgames!ThereasonforthisisthattheRaspberryPihasaverypowerfulgraphicschipthatrunsOpenGLEScode.PCSX_ReARMedhasbeenwrittentotakeadvantageofOpenGLES,whichgivesusagreatemulator.

PCSX_ReARMedisavailableforfreeonthePiStore.Makeuseofthefollowingstepstodownloadit:

1. OnceyouareonthedesktopandloggedintothePiStore,clickontheGamestab.YoucanalsosearchforPCSX_Rearmed.

2. ClickonPlay/Downloadtobegintheinstallationprocess.

3. Wheninstructed,pressanykeytofinishtheinstallation.4. Toruntheprogram,gotoMyLibrary,clickonpcsx_reARMed,andpressLaunch

intheright-handpanel.

5. ClickonExecuteandthePCSX_ReARMedgamewindowwillappear.6. Youdon’tneedtoplaceyourgamesinanyspecificdirectoryforthisemulator.When

youselectLoadCDimage,youcanbrowsetheRaspberryPi’sfilesystemforyourgamefile.

PicoDrive(Genesis/MegaDrive)PicoDriveisanemulatorthatrunsgamesmadefortheSegaGenesis(alsoknownastheMegaDriveinJapanandEurope).TheGenesisisa16-bitgamingconsolethatcameoutin1989.Itwasknownforitsmanygreatarcadeports,suchasAlteredBeastandMortalKombat,aswellasaseriesthathasspannednumerousreleasesandconsoles,SonicTheHedgehog.TodownloadPicoDrivegothroughthefollowingsteps:

1. Typewgethttp://raspberrypigaming.com/files/picodrive.tgzinyourterminal.

2. Next,typetarzxfvpicrodrive.tgzandpressEnter.Alonglistoffileswillstreamacrossthescreen.

3. Youshouldnowhaveadirectorycalledpicodrive.Enterthedirectorybytypingcdpicodrive.

4. Runtheemulatorbytyping./PicoDrive.ThePicoDrivemenushouldappearonyourscreen:

5. UsethemenuoptionLoadnewROM/ISO,whichwilltraverseyourRaspberryPi’sdirectoriesandselectyourROMfiletobeplayed.

Stella(Atari2600)Now,forthegranddaddyofallgamingsystems,theAtari2600.Itwasreleasedin1977andusheredinthevideogamecraze.Forthefirsttime,populararcadegamescouldbebroughthome,newpropertiescouldbecreated,andawholenewmarketopenedup.FromarcadeportssuchasPacManandDonkeyKongtotheoriginalgamessuchasPitfall,andeveninfamousgamessuchasE.T.,theAtari2600hasaveryrichhistoryofgaming.StellaisanemulatorthataimstobringthisconsoletotheRaspberryPiusingthefollowingsteps:

1. Theinstallationissupersimple;justtypesudoapt-getinstallstellatoinstallStellaontheconsoleandpressEnter.

2. Afterafewmoments,apt-getshouldfinish,andStellawillbeinstalled.3. TorunStella,justtypestellaandpressEnter.

4. UsethearrowsandtabkeystonavigateyourPiforgamefiles.Then,highlighttheSelectbuttonandpressEnter.

ControlsNowthatyouhaveinstalledsomeemulators,youwillwanttoknowhowtocontrolthegames.HereisacheatsheetforthedefaultkeysinPiSNES:

PiSNEScontrols Keyboard

Up Uparrow

Down Downarrow

Left Leftarrow

Right Rightarrow

A D

B C

X S

Y X

LeftBumper A

RightBumper F

Start Enter

Select Tab

Toquit Esc

ThefollowingtableisacheatsheetforthedefaultkeysinFinalBurnAlpha:

FinalBurnAlphacontrols Keyboard

Up Uparrow

Down Downarrow

Left Leftarrow

Right Rightarrow

Button1 Ctrl

Button2 Alt

Button3 Space

Button4 Shift

Button5 Z

Button6 X

Start Enter

Coin Tab

Toquit Esc

BecausePiSNESandFinalBurnAlphawereportedtotheRaspberryPibythesameperson,theysharesimilarconfigurationfiles.Withintheirrespectivedirectories,youwillfindaconfigurationfilethatallowsyoutochangethecontrolscheme.PiSNESiscalledsnes9x.cfg,andFinalBurnAlphaiscalledfba2x.cfg.Thekeyboardsectionusesnumberstorepresenteachkey.Youcanfindthembyreadingtheoutputof/usr/include/SDL/SDL_keysym.h.

ThefollowingtableisacheatsheetforthedefaultkeysinMAME4ALL:

MAME4ALLControls Keyboard

Up Uparrow

Down Downarrow

Left Leftarrow

Right Rightarrow

Button1 Ctrl

Button2 Alt

Button3 Space

Button4 Shift

Button5 Z

Button6 X

Start 1

Coin 5

Toquit Esc

TochangethecontrolsinMAME4ALL,presstheTabkeytobringuptheconfigurationmenu.Thiswillallowyoutogloballymapthecontrolstoyourgamepad,keyboard,joystick,orindividualgames.

ThePCSX_ReARMedcontrolscanbeseenandeditedwithinthecontrolsonthemainscreen.

PicoDrivecontrolscanbeeditedfromwithinthemainmenu.

ThefollowingtableisacheatsheetforthedefaultkeysinStella:

Stella Keyboard

Up Uparrow

Down Downarrow

Left Leftarrow

Right Rightarrow

Reset F2

Selectgametype F1

Fire/Action SpaceorCtrl

Selectgame Enter

Toquit Esc

ToeditStella’scontrols,highlightandselectOptions,andthenclickonInputSettings.

SummaryYoulearnedhoweasyitistousetheRaspberryPi’sPiStoreapplication,whichisincludedineverycopyofRaspbian.Fromsettingupyouraccount,topurchasingnewgames,thePiStoreisagreatresource.YoualsoinstalledsomeemulatorsonyourPiusingthevariousinstallationmethodsavailableinLinux,andplayedsomeclassicvideogames.

Inthenextchapter,wewillintroducestandalonegamesthathavebeenportedovertotheRaspberryPi.

Chapter5.PortedGamesNowthatwehaveplayedsomegamesviaanemulator,wearereadytoplaysomegamesthatwereportedtoworkontheRaspberryPi.Aportisapieceofsoftwarethatiscodedanddevelopedforaspecificenvironmentbuthasbeentransportedandrebuiltforadifferentone.Thiscommonlyoccurswithconsolegames.AgamewillbewrittenforaMicrosoftconsole,andthenportedovertoSony’sorNintendo’sconsole.ItalsohappenswhenaconsolegameisportedovertothePC.

Thischapterwillfocusonthosegamesthathavebeenreleasedforotherplatforms,andthenportedovertotheRaspberryPi.

Youwilllearnhowto:

InstallandplayCaveStoryInstallandplayDoomInstallandplayOpenArena,andcreateamultiplayerserverforitInstall,createyourownworld,andprogramscriptsforMinecraft

CaveStoryCaveStoryisafreewareMetroid/Castlevaniastyleplatformer.ItisamassiveplatformadventurealongthelinesofMetroid,Castlevania,andTerraria.Withalongengrossingstoryline,ahardbutnotfrustratingdifficultylevel,andabeautifulsetting,thegameisperfecttositbackandloseafewhourswith.ItwasoriginallyreleasedonthePCforMicrosoftWindowsin2004.Overtheyears,ithasbeenportedtotheNintendoWii,DSi,3DS,MacOSX,andLinux.

TheRaspberryPiportispossiblebecausetheoriginalCaveStoryenginewasreverseengineeredandanewopensourceenginecalledNXEnginewascreated.

InstallingandrunningInstallingCaveStoryisverysimple.Itcanbedonebyperformingthefollowingsteps:

1. First,weneedtodownloadCaveStory.Atthecommandline,typewgethttp://raspberrypigaming.com/files/cavestory.zip.Youcanalsofindthesourcecodeathttp://nxengine.sourceforge.net/andhttps://github.com/ssilverm/cavestory_rpi.

2. Next,rununzipcavestory.zip.Thefileswillbeextractedtoafoldercalledcavestory_rpi-master.

3. Enterthedirectorybytypingcdcavestory_rpi-master.4. Now,let’srunCaveStorybytyping./nx.

ControlsHereisalistofthedefaultkeysinCaveStory:

Action Key

Left Leftarrow

Right Rightarrow

Up Uparrow

Down Downarrow

Jump Z

Fire X

Prevweapon A

Nextweapon S

Inventory Q

Map W

Quit Esc

Options F3

DoomWhenyouthinkofafirst-personshooter(FPS),moderngameslikeCallofDutyorHalomightcometomind,butbeforethesewasDoom.ThegreatgrandfatherofthemodernFPS,Doom,createdbyidSoftware,tookthePCgamingworldbystorm.Foritstime,Doomhadamazinggraphics,multiplayercapabilities,user-createdlevels,andintroducedtheconceptofshareware.Itincludedthefirstchapterofthegameforfree,butifyouwantedtofinishthestoryandbeatthegame,youwereaskedtopurchasethegame.Doommadehistory.WhenidSoftwareopensourcedtheDoomengine,playersanddevelopersquicklyscouredthecode.Theymadeupdates,patchedbugs,addednewfeatures,andmostimportantly,portedthegametomultiplesystems.

Doomisstillbeingdevelopedtoday.Ifwetakeadvantageofmoderncapabilitiesandmodern3Dgraphicscards,theoriginalgamecanbemadetolookbetter.ForRaspberryPi,wewillgofortheclassicstyle.

PrBoomisaLinuxportoftheDoomenginethatincludestheFreedoomcampaign.FreedoomisatotallynewsetoflevelstoplayintheDoomuniverse.

InstallingandrunningWewillinstallPrBoomusingapt-get,asfollows:

1. Atthecommandline,typesudoapt-getinstallprboom.2. PressYwhenitaskstoinstall.3. Now,let’srunPrBoombytypingprboomandpressingEnter.

4. YouaregoingtobepresentedwiththeFreedoomcampaign.PressEntertobeginandthenchooseyourdifficultylevel.

TheawesomeDoomcommunityhascreatedhundredsofcampaigns.TheyarestoredinfilescalledWADs.Ifyouwanttochangethecampaign,downloadsomeWADfilestoyourRaspberryPiandrunPrBoomwiththecommandprboom–file/path/to/game.wad.

ControlsHereisalistofthedefaultkeysinDoom:

Action Key

Turnleft Leftarrow

Turnright Rightarrow

Forward Uparrow

Back Downarrow

Action Space

Fire Ctrl

Changeweapon Press2through7

Menu Esc

OpenArenaWhatPrBoomistoDoom,OpenArenaistoQuake3Arena.Quake3ArenaisanotherinnovatoroftheFPSgenre.Ithelpedlaunchahugelycompetitivemultiplayerenvironmentaswellasaraceforabettergraphicscardtochurnoutmoreframespersecond.TheQuake3enginehasbeenusedforastaggeringnumberofgames.SinceidSoftwareopensourcedtheengine,itiscapableofrunningontheRaspberryPi.OpenArenaisaprojecttodevelopacompletelyfreeversionofQuake3Arena.Usingentirelynewsprites,3Dmodels,textures,andlevels,anyonecandownloadOpenArenatotheircomputerandplayforfree.

InstallationOpenArenaisavailableontheRaspberryPiAppStore.MakeuseofthefollowingstepstoinstallOpenArena:

1. Fromthecommandline,enterstartxtolaunchthedesktopenvironment.2. Fromthedesktop,launchthePiStoreapplicationbydouble-clickingonthePiStore

icon.3. Atthetop-rightoftheapplication,therewillbealoginlink.Clickthelinkandlogin

withyourregisteredaccount.4. NavigatetoExplore|Games|Fighting.5. ClickontheOpenArenaresult.6. Attheapplicationinfopage,clickonthePlay/Downloadbuttonontheright-hand

sideofthescreen.7. OpenArenawillautomaticallybedownloadedandawindowwillappearshowing

theinstallationprogress.8. Pressanybuttontoclosethewindowonceithasfinishedinstalling.9. WhenyouclickonLaunchtoplaythegame,yourRaspberryPiwillrebootand

automaticallylaunchOpenArenaonthecommandline.

SingleplayermatchForasingleplayercampaign,performthefollowingsteps:

1. FromtheOpenArenamainmenu,clickonSINGLEPLAYER.2. Selectoneofthemapiconsfromthelist.Theopponentsinthearenawillbelistedat

thebottom.3. Clickonfighttoloadthearenaandstartthematch.

MultiplayermatchFPSarefunontheirownwithbots,buttoreallyenjoythefullexperience,youneedtoplaywithotherpeople.Sadly,theRaspberryPiversionisnotcompatiblewiththePCservers,somostofthemultiplayergamesyouseeonlinewillnotwork.Thegoodnewsisthatyoucancreateyourownserver!

RunningaserverTostartyourownserver,performthefollowingactions:

1. Fromthecommandline,changeintotheOpenArenadirectorybytypingcd/usr/local/bin/indiecity/InstalledApps/openarena/Full/.

2. Executetheoadedicatedscriptbyrunning./oadedicated.sh.3. AfterOpeningIPSocketappears,pressEnter.4. Inthecommandprompt,typemapoa_dm3andpressEnter.5. TheOpenArenadedicatedserverwillnowberunningonyourlocalnetwork.6. OtherPiusingOpenArenacannowconnecttoyourRaspberryPi’sIPaddress.

JoiningaserverTojoinaservercreatedbyanotheruser,performthefollowingactions:

1. FromtheOpenArenamainmenu,clickonMULTIPLAYER.2. Edityourplayernameandcustomizeyourcharacterasrequired.3. Clickonnext.4. OpenArenawillsearchforserversonyourlocalnetwork.5. Ifyourlocalgamedoesnotappear,clickonspecifyandentertheIPaddressofthe

serveryouwishtojoin.IftheserverisrunningonthesamePiyouwishtoplayon,youcanenter127.0.0.1(Thisiscalledaloopbackaddress.Itmeansconnectingtoitself).

ControlsThefollowingisalistofthedefaultkeysinOpenArena:

Action Key

Strafeleft A

Straferight D

Forward W

Back S

Jump Space

Fire Leftmouseclick

Changeweapon Press1through9oruseyourmousewheel

Menu Esc

Aim Mouseclick

Minecraft:PiEditionMinecraftisasandbox-stylegamemadebythegamecompanyMojang.Becauseitisasandbox,thereisnorightorwrongwaytoplayit.Theconceptbehindthegameisthatyouexploreandbuildusingdifferentkindsofblocksinarandomlycreatedworld.IthasbeencomparedtoavirtualLEGOset.Ifyoucanthinkit,youcanbuilditinMinecraft.

ItwasoriginallydevelopedfortheWindowsPC,buthassincebeenportedtoOSX,iOS,Android,andvariousgameconsoles.MojangdevelopedandreleasedaporttotheRaspberryPiasafreedownload.

InstallingandrunningIfyouarerunningthelatestversionofRaspbian,Minecraftisnowincludedbydefault.IfyouarerunninganolderversionofRaspbian,youcaninstallMinecraftusingapt-get,asfollows:

1. Atthecommandline,typesudoapt-getupdate.2. Then,typesudoapt-getinstallminecraft-pi.3. Fromthedesktop,double-clickontheMinecraftPiEditionicon,orfromadesktop

terminal,typeminecraft-piandpressEnter.

CreatinganewMinecraftworldTocreateanewMinecraftworld,performthefollowingactions:

1. WithMinecraftrunning,clickonStartGame.2. SelectCreatenew.3. Afterafewmoments,youwillenterintoabrandnewMinecraftworldenvironment.

UsingtheMinecraft:PiEditionApplicationProgrammingInterfaceNowthatyouhavecreatedyourMinecraftworld,youcanexplore,fightcreepers,createyourowncastle,andwhateverelseyourmindcanthinkof.TheRaspberryPiEditionincludessomethingextra—aprogramminginterface.YoucanusethePythonprogramminglanguagetohookintoMinecraftandeditthegameworldwithlinesofcode.

TousetheMinecraftAPI,performthefollowingactions:

1. StartthePythoninteractiveshellbyrunningpythonontheterminal.2. Youwillsee>>>,whichiswhereyouwillenterthePythoncommands.3. Enterthefollowingcommands:

frommcpiimportminecraft

frommcpiimportblock

mc=minecraft.Minecraft.create()

mc.postToChat("IamusingtheAPI!")

4. YoushouldnowseeIamusingtheAPImessageappearinyourMinecraftwindow.

5. Enterthefollowingcommands:

player=mc.player.getPos()

player

6. AnoutputsimilartoVec3(46.0,1.0,-14.0)shouldappear.7. Enterthenextcommand:

mc.setBlock(player.x+1,player.y,player.z,block.GOLD_BLOCK)

8. Agoldenblockshouldappeardirectlyinfrontofyou:

TherearemanymorethingsyoucandowithbothPythonandtheMinecraftAPI.FromcreatingfunctionsthatwillbuildafortresstousingloopstostacktonsofTNTblocks,youcanprogramtheentireworld.

FormoreAPIdocumentation,visit:

http://www.stuffaboutcode.com/p/minecraft-api-reference.html

MultiplayerMinecraftMinecraft:PiEditionisamultiplayergame.IfyouhaveotherpeoplerunningRaspberryPisonyournetwork,alltheyneedtodoisclickonJoinGameinthemainmenu,andallthecurrentlyrunningMinecraftworldswillbeavailableforthemtojoin.

ControlsHereisalistofthedefaultkeysinMinecraft:

Action Key

Forward W

Left A

Down S

Right D

Inventory E

Jump Space

Fly/Fall Doublespace

Menu Esc

Placeblock Leftmouseclick

Removeblock Rightmouseclick

Selectquickinventory 1–9ormousewheel

SummaryInthischapter,youlearnedhowtodownloadandinstallsomegames,whichwereremadefortheRaspberryPi.Youlearnedhowtoinstallgamesviaapt-getlikePrBoom,downloadgamesfromtheInternetlikeCaveStory,setupamultiplayerserverforOpenArena,andprogramyourownMinecraftworld.

Inthenextchapter,wewilldiscussgamesmadejustforLinuxandtheRaspberryPi.

Chapter6.LinuxGamesSofar,wehavegoneoveremulationandportedgames.Whatwehaven’ttalkedaboutyet,isgamesthatweremadewithLinuxinmind.Thesearegamesthatweredesignedfor,andnativeto,theLinuxoperatingsystem.Usuallyfreeandopensource,theyaregamesthathavecommunitiesbuiltaroundthem,andwelcomeotherstosubmitcodebackintothegame.

ThischapterwillfocusonafewofthosefreeopensourcegamesavailableintheRaspbianrepository.

Inthischapter,youwilllearn:

Howtoinstall,run,andsetupanetworkserverforFreeCivHowtoinstallandplaySuperTux,aSuperMarioBros.cloneHowtoinstallandplayNjam,aPac-MancloneHowtoinstallandplayGalaga:Hyperspace,aGalaga/Galaxianclone

FreeCivFreeCivisafree,opensource,turn-basedstrategygamethatisinfluencedbythelongrunningcivilizationseriesofgames.InFreeCiv,youtakeontheroleleadingyourchosencivilizationoutoftheStoneAgeandintotheSpaceAge.Youmustexplore,buildout,andresearchnewskillsandabilities,allwhiletryingtodefeattherivalcivilizationsthataredoingthesamething.FreeCivhasbeenindevelopmentforover18yearsandboastsalargecommunitywithyearsofinformationandresources.

FreeCivfeaturesvariousdifficultiesofAI,singleplayerandmultiplayercapabilities,randomlygeneratedmaps,rulefine-tuning,andtonsofotherthingstomakeeachgameatotallydifferentexperience.

InstallingandrunningInstallingFreeCivisverysimple.Followthesesteps:

1. Atthecommandline,typesudoapt-getinstall-yfreeciv-client-gtk.ThiswillinstallFreeCiv,aswellastheFreeCivserver.

2. Oncetheinstallisfinished,makesureyouareonthedesktopenvironmentbytypingstartxandpressingEnter.

3. Onceyouareonthedesktop,clickonthemenubuttonatthebottom-leftandhighlightGames.Underthesubmenu,youwillseetheFreecivoption.Clickonit.

4. FreeCivshouldnowhavelaunchedandyouwillbepresentedwithafewoptions.

5. SelectStartNewGameandyouwillbepresentedwiththegamesetupscreen.Here,youwillabletosetthegameoptions,choosetheamountofplayers,andpickwhichnationyouwillbeplayingas.

6. ClickonStarttobeginthegame.

HostingaFreeCivserverPlayingFreeCivagainsttheAIisagreatwaytolearnandgetgoodatthegame,butthegamereallyshineswhenyouincludeyourfriends(orsoontobeenemies).

TheRaspberryPiservesasagreatplatformtohostamultiplayerFreeCivgame.Justusethefollowingsteps:

1. Fromthedesktopmenu,selectGamesandthenclickonFreecivserver.Acommandwindowwillopenandautomaticallystartanewgame.

2. Now,loadFreeCiv,andclickonConnecttoNetworkGame.Yourgameservershouldappearinthelistofavailablegames.

3. Double-clickonthedesiredgametojoinit.

4. Whenyouareready,clickonStartandthegamewillbegin!GoodLuck!

LearningthecontrolsFreeCivisacomplicatedgame,asyoucanseefromthecontrollistbelow.Yourmouseandmenuoptionswillusuallybeenough;sodon’tgetdiscouragedbythesheeramountofoptions.Mostoftheseyouwon’tneeduntilyougetthroughafewgames.ThesecontrolswereretrievedfromtheofficialFreeCivwebsite:

http://freeciv.wikia.com/wiki/Keyboard_Reference

Reports

Cities F4

Demographics F11

Economy F5

Mapview F1

Messages F9

Nations F3

Research F6

Spaceship F12

TopFiveCities F8

Units F2

WondersoftheWorld F7

General

CloseDialog/Abort Esc

EditWorklists Ctrl+l

EditorMode Ctrl+e

FindCity Ctrl+f

Gamemenu F10

QuitGame Ctrl+q

Revolution Shift+Ctrl+r

SaveGame Ctrl+s

TaxRates Ctrl+t

ToggleFogofwar(inEditorMode) Ctrl+m

TurnDone Shift+return

Unitcommands

AutoExplore x

AutoSettler a

BuildAirport e

BuildCity b

BuildFortress F

BuildIrrigation i

BuildMine m

BuildRoads/Rails r

ChangeForesttoPlains i

ChangeForesttoSwamp m

ChangeJungletoForest m

ChangeJungletoGrassland i

CleanNuclearFallout n

CleanPollution p

ConnectRail/Road R

ConnectIrrigation I

Diplomat/SpyActions d

DisbandUnit D

Done Space

ExplodeNuke N

Fortifyunit(s) f

Goto g

GotoBuildCity B

Go/AirlifttoCity t

LoadTransporter l

MakeHomecity h

Patrol q

ReturntonearestCity G

SelectUnitsofthesametype v

SelectUnitsofthesametypeonthesametile V

SentryUnit(s) s

TransformTerrain o

Unload u

UnloadTransporter T

UpgradeUnit U

Wait w

Wakeupothers Shift+w

Viewcommands

CenterViewonUnit c

CityGrowth Ctrl+r

CityNames Ctrl+n

CityOutlines Ctrl+y

CityProduction Ctrl+p

CityTraderoutes Ctrl+d

CityWorkerOutput Ctrl+w

FullScreenMode Alt+Enter

MapGrid Ctrl+g

NationalBorders Ctrl+b

SuperTuxSuperTuxisanotherfreeandopensourceLinuxgame.BeingreminiscentoftheSuperMarioBros.series,itisaside-scrollingactiongame,wherethegoalofthegameistorescuePennybygettingfromoneendoftheleveltotheother,whilekillingoravoidingenemies,andcollectingpower-ups.SuperTuxincludes26levels,butthereisalsoaleveleditoravailable,soyoucanmakeyourownstages.

InstallingandrunningSuperTuxisincludedintheRaspbiansoftwarerepositories,andcanbeplayedontheterminalordesktopenvironmentusingthefollowingsteps:

1. Atthecommandline,typesudoapt-getinstall-ysupertux.2. Torunthegame,typesupertuxandpressEnter.Thegameshouldnowfillyour

entirescreen.

3. UsetheupanddownarrowkeystoselectStartGame,thenpressEntertobeginplayingSuperTux.

LearningthecontrolsHereisalistofthekeysthatyouwouldrequireinthegame:

Action Keyboard

Left Leftarrow

Right Rightarrow

Activate/Enter Uparrow

Duck Downarrow

Jump Space

Useability Leftcontrol

Menu Esc

NjamNjamisalsoafreeopensourcegamebasedonclassicmazegameslikePac-Man.Thegoalofthegameistoeatallthedotswhileavoidingtheobstacles.Ifyoueatoneofthepower-ups,yougaininvincibilityforashortperiodoftime.Njamincludesanarrayoflevels,leveleditors,andmultiplayercapabilities.

InstallingandrunningNjamisavailableintheRaspbiansoftwarerepositories,andcanbeplayedontheterminalordesktopenvironmentusingthefollowingsteps:

1. Atthecommandline,typesudoapt-getinstall-ynjam.2. Torunthegame,typenjamandpressEnter.Thegameshouldnowfillyourentire

screen.

3. Njamoffersasingle-playergame,two-playercooperativemode,two-playerduelmode,anda4-playernetworkgame.Toplayalocalgame,justselectOneplayergameorTwoplayergame.Youwillthenselectamapandstartplaying.

4. Playinganetworkgameiseasyaswell.Ifyouarehostingthegame,justselectHostnetworkduel.TheotherplayerswillneedtoselectJoinnetworkduelfromtheircopiesofNjam,andenterinyourIPaddress.Onceeveryonehasreadiedup,pressthespacebartostartthegame.

LearningthecontrolsHereisalistofkeysthatyouwouldrequireinthegame:

Action Keyboard

Up Uparrow

Down Downarrow

Left Leftarrow

Right Rightarrow

Exit Esc

Galaga:HyperspaceGalaga:Hyperspaceisagamebasedonclassicshoot‘emupgameslikeGalagaandGalaxian.Thegoalofthegameistodestroyeachwaveofalienswhileavoidingthebulletstheyhurlyourway.Eachwavegetsmoreandmoredifficult,andyoucanonlygethitoncebeforelosingalife.

InstallingandrunningGalaga:HyperspaceisavailableintheRaspbiansoftwarerepositories,andcanonlybeplayedonthedesktopenvironmentusingthefollowingsteps:

1. Atthecommandline,typesudoapt-getinstall-yxgalaga.2. Torunthegame,makesureyouareonthedesktopenvironmentbytypingstartx

andthenpressingEnter.3. Onceyouareonthedesktop,clickonthemenubuttonatthebottom-leftand

highlightGames.Underthesubmenu,Galagawillbeanoption.Clickonittostartthegame.

LearningthecontrolsHereisalistofthekeysthatyouwouldrequireinthegame:

Action Keyboard

Left Leftarrow

Right Rightarrow

StartGamewithkeyboardcontrols K

StartGamewithmousecontrols M

QuitGalaga:Hyperspace Q

Quitcurrentgame q

FindinggamesviatherepositoriesThegamesmentionedabovearejustthetipoftheicebergwhenitcomestoLinuxgaming.TheRaspbianrepositoriesincludeatonofpackages,andthereareafewcommandsyoushouldknowinordertosearchthroughit.

Theapt-cachesearchkeywordcommandwillsearchthereposforthekeywordyouspecify,anddisplayalistofresultsinthecommandterminal.Forexample:apt-cachesearchgamewilldisplaypagesofresults.Youcanthenwhittledowntheresultsbyspecifyingmultiplekeywords.Let’ssaywewanttofindaPac-Manclone:apt-cachesearchpacmanwillreturnalistofgamesthatincludePac-Maninthedescription.Theapt-cachesearchpacmanconsolecommandwillfurtherrefinethesearchandwillreturnoneresultthatmatchesyourquery,pacman4console.

SummaryInthischapter,youlearnedaboutgamesthatweremadespecificallyforLinuxandthatrunonRaspberryPi.Therearedozensmoregamesavailableintherepositoriesthatyoucaninstallandtryout.Fromroguelikestoarcaderemakes,thereposholdhoursoffun.

Inthenextchapter,wewilldiscussthevariousinputmethodsavailablefortheRaspberryPi,includingarcadesticks,Bluetoothcontrollers,andgamingconsoledevices.

Chapter7.ControllersInthischapter,wewillgothroughmanyofthetypesofgaminginputdevicesthatwecanconnecttoourRaspberryPi.Fromfightsticks(orjoysticks),gamepads,consolecontrollers,tobuildingyourown,thereareallsortsofoptionsavailable.

Inthischapter,youwilllearnhowto:

EnableBluetoothconnectivitySetupXboxandPlayStationcontrollersUseaUSBencoderUsetheGPIOpinstobuildyourowncontrollerTroubleshootproblemcontrollers

ControllersontheRaspberryPiBeforewebegin,youwillwanttoinstallthejoystickpackagetoyourdevice.Typesudoapt-get–yinstalljoystickatthecommandlineandpressEnter.Thejoystickpackageincludesanapplicationcalledjstest,whichwillhelpyouidentifyandtroubleshootyourcontrollers.

WhenacontrollerisconnectedandrecognizedbytheRaspberryPi,anewentrywillbemadeinthe/dev/input/folder.Thisfoldercontainsalistofallconnectedinputdevices.Youshouldseefileslikeevent0,mouse0,andkb0dependingonwhathasbeenconnected.Whenyourcontrollerisconnected,youshouldseeanewitemcalledjs0.The0attheendoftheitemindicatestheorderinwhichitwasconnected.Youcanhavemultipleitemsconnected,andtheywilleachgetanincreasingnumber.

GamepadsGamepadsareoneofthesimplesttypesofcontrollersfortheRaspberryPi.Theycancomeindifferentshapes,sizes,andcanhavedifferentcombinationsofbuttons.Thesetypesofcontrollersareusuallymodeledafterpopularconsoles,andmadetolooklikeNES,SNES,Genesis,orPlayStationgamepads.Themajoradvantageoftheseisthattheyarecompact,handheld,andveryportable.

AslongasthegamepadisconnectedviaUSB,itwillbePlugandPlayontheRaspberryPi.

ArcadesticksArcadesticks,alsoknownasfightsticks,areaverypopularchoicetoconnecttothePi.Fightstickscomeinhundredsofvariations,andcanbecustom-built,custom-configured,upgraded,andmodified.Inalllikelihood,youwon’tfindtwoprofightsticksthatare100percentthesame.

Thereasonbehindthis,isthateachpersonhastheirownpreferencewhenitcomestobuttons,joysticks,andencoders.SomepeopleprefertheAmericanstyleHappbuttons,whileothersswearbytheSanwaJapanesestylebuttons.Therearethosewhopreferballtopjoystickswhileothersusebatstylejoysticks.

Thegreatpartaboutthis,isthatthebuttonsizesandjoysticksaregenerallyinterchangeable.Buttonscanbeswappedaround,andjoystickscommonlyusetwodifferentscrewvariations.

Justlikegamepads,ArcadesticksconnecteasilytotheUSBportofaRaspberryPiandshouldbejustPlugandPlay.

Xbox360controllersXbox360controllerscomeintwovarieties:wiredandwireless.WiredXbox360controllersarePlugandPlayinthelatestversionofRaspbian.

Whenyoupluginyourcontroller,theguidelightswillblinkonandoffrepeatedly.IfyouwishtohaveitfunctionlikeanactualXboxcontroller,whereonlythesingle-playerguidelightisactivated,youwillneedtouseafreeopensourceprogramcalledxboxdrv.Xboxdrvallowsyoutocustomizebuttons,activateacontroller,andusethewirelessUSBadapterforXbox360controllers.Followthegivenstepstoinstallxboxdrv:

1. Typesudoapt-get–yinstallxboxdrvonthecommandlineandpressEnter.2. Totestwhetheritworks,pluginyourXboxcontroller,typesudoxboxdrv--

kernel-detach-driverandpressEnter.3. Thelightsonthecontrollershouldstopblinkingandbereplacedwithonesolidlight.4. Pressinganybuttonwillcauseyourscreentolistthecurrentstatusofeachbutton.5. PressCtrl+Ctoclosexboxdrv.

Tousexboxdrvnormally,typesudoxboxdrv--kernel-detach-driver--silent&andpressEnter.Thiswillactivatexboxdrv,suppressthescreenoutputwheneverabuttonispressed,andlaunchitinthebackground,soyoucanstilluseyourPiforotherthings.Justrunthroughthefollowingsteps:

1. Toactivatexboxdrvatlogin,typenano~/.profile.2. Usethearrowkeystogototheendofthefile.3. Typesudoxboxdrv--kernel-detach-driver--silent&.4. PressCtrl+XandthenpressYtosavethefile.5. Now,whenyoulogintoyourPi,xboxdrvwillautomaticallylaunchandsetupyour

Xboxcontroller.

IfyouwanttorunmultipleXboxcontrollersonthesamePi,youwillneedtolaunchanotherinstanceofxboxdrv.

SonyDualShock3controllersSonyDualShock3controllersareveryneat.TheycanbeconnectedtotheRaspberryPiviaUSBorBluetooth,andhavemotionsensorsthatarereadasdifferentaxes.TheDualShock3isPlugandPlaycompatiblewithRaspbian,whenusingtheUSBcable.

SimplyhookupaMicroUSBcableendtothecontroller,andastandardUSBcableendtothePiandyouwillbereadytogo.ThePiwillalsochargethecontroller’sinternalbattery.Ifyouareusingmorethanonecontroller,oryouexperienceoddbehavior,switchtoapoweredUSBhub.

SettingitupforBluetoothconnectivityrequiresthatyouperformthefollowingsteps:

1. First,ensurethatyouhaveaRaspberryPicompatibleBluetoothdongle.Mostinexpensivedongleswillwork,butalistofworkingproductsisavailableathttp://elinux.org/RPi_USB_Bluetooth_adapters.

2. Typesudoapt-get-yinstallbluez-utilsbluez-compatbluez-hcidumplibusb-devlibbluetooth-dev.Thisinstallwilltakeafewminutes.

3. Aftertheinstallisfinished,typehciconfigandmakesureyourBluetoothdongleislisted.

4. Now,youwillneedtodownload,compile,andinstallsixad.Downloadsixadbytypingwgethttp://sourceforge.net/projects/qtsixa/files/QtSixA%201.5.1/QtSixA-

1.5.1-src.tar.gz.Ifthepageisunavailablehere,itisalsolocatedathttp://raspberrypigaming.com/files/QtSixA-1.5.1-src.tar.gz.

5. Now,typetarzxfvQtSixA-1.5.1-src.tar.gzandpressEnter.Thiswillextractthecontents.

6. ChangetothenewlycreateddirectorybytypingcdQtSixA-1.5.1-src/sixad.7. Now,typemakeandpressEnter.Thiswillturnthesourcecodeintoacomputer

program(compiling)andwilltakeafewminutes.8. Next,typesudomakeinstallandpressEnter.Thisinstallssixadintotheproper

locations,andallowsyoutoruntheprogrambytypingsixadwithoutbeinginacertainfolder.

9. Now,typesixad--startandpressEnter.10. WhenpromptedtopressthePSkeyonyourcontroller,pressit.Youshouldseea

messageindicatingaconnectiontoyourDualShock.

11. PressCtrl+Ctoexit.Yourcontrollerwillstillbepaired.

Topaircontrollersatbootup,youwillneedtoaddthesixadprogramtoyourprofile.Makeuseofthefollowingsteps:

1. Typenano~/.profileatthecommandline.2. Usethearrowkeystogototheendofthefile.3. Typesixad--start&.4. PressCtrl+X,thenpressYtosavethefile.5. Now,whenyoulogintoyourPi,sixadwillautomaticallylaunchandasktopairwith

yourcontroller.

USBencodersAttheheartofeveryArcadestickisaUSBencoder.IttakestheactionofhittingabuttonandturnsitintoaninputforyourRaspberryPi.Someencodersemulateakeyboard,whileothersactasanactualjoystick.Usinganencoder,youcanveryeasilybuildyourowncustomizedcontroller.

Therearehundredsofdifferentencodersoutthere,butthemostcommononesarecalledtheNoDelay,ZeroDelay,andXinMoboard.Alloftheseboardsactasajoystick,andareverysimpletowireup.

ThisisanexampleofaNoDelayUSBjoystickencoderboard.The8buttonsarewireduptothebuttonpinsonthebottomoftheboard.Eachbuttonhasacommonandgroundpin.Whenthebuttonispusheddown,theconnectioniscompleted,sendingthesignaltotheboard.Thejoystickusesthe4slotsatthetopoftheboardforup,down,left,andrightmovements.Theboardcanalsoacceptjoysticksthatonlyuse5pins.Thosearecommonwithballtopsticks.TheboardincludesaUSBcablethatplugsintothepinsonthefar-leftoftheboard.

GPIOpinsTheRaspberryPiincludespinscalledGPIOthatcanbeconnecteddirectlytoafewbuttonsandajoystick,similartotheencoderboardswesawpreviously.

GPIOlayoutbyraspberrypi.org

TheprecedinglayoutisofModelAandModelB.ModelA+andB+includeevenmorepinsbutarebackwardscompatiblewiththeAandBpinlayout.Thepinsweareinterestedinaretheyellowandblack-labeledpins.Theotherpins—1,3,4,and17arepowerpins.Becausethebuttonsdon’trequirepower,wecansafelyignorethese.Allofyourbuttons’groundwiresshouldconnecttoacommongroundpin.TheotherwiresshouldindividuallybeconnectedtoanindependentyellowGPIOpin.

Whilepin8and10looklikeproperGPIOpins,theyareactuallyserialports,soyoushouldavoidusingthem.

Onceyouhaveconnectedthewires,youwillneedtoinstallanapplicationthatwillreadfromtheGPIOpinsandoutputakeyboardcommand.

Adafruit(http://www.adafruit.com/)hasreleasedautilitycalledRetrogamethatdoesjustthis.ItisasmallCprogramthatyoucanedit,thenbuild,andruntoreadinputfromyourGPIO.

Bydefault,Retrogamehassetthefollowingcontrolstothesepins:

Controls Pins

Left 2

Right 3

Down 4

Up 17

Z 27

X 22

R 23

Q 18

InstallingandbuildingToinstallRetrogamemakeuseofthefollowingsteps:

1. DownloadRetrogamebytypinggitclonehttps://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-Retrogame.gitandpressEnter.

2. ChangetothenewdirectorybytypingcdAdafruit-Retrogame.Ifyouneedtomakechangestothepinnumbersorkeys,typenanoretrogame.candscrolltoaroundline75.Youwillseealinesayingstarthere.EditthepinnumbersandKEY_commands,asinstructed.

3. BuildRetrogamebytypingmakeretrogameandpressEnter.4. Whenithasfinishedbuilding,typesudo./retrogametotestyourGPIOenabled

buttons.

Torunitatbootup,Adafruitrecommendsthatyouaddittoyourrc.localfile,asfollows:

1. Typesudonano/etc/rc.localandpressEnter.2. Gototheverylastlinebeforeexit0.Ourentryneedstobemadebeforethis.3. Typethepathtoyourretrogameapplication,forexample,/home/pi/Adafruit-

Retrogame/retrogame&.4. PressCtrl+XandthenYtosavethefile.5. Youwillnowhavetoaddaudevrule,sothatotherapplicationscanseethenew

buttons.Udevisessentiallyadevicemanager.Settinguptheruleswillletotherapplicationsknowhowtouseyourdevice.

6. Typesudonano/etc/udev/rules.d/10-retrogame.rulesandpressEnter.7. Then,typeSUBSYSTEM=="input",ATTRS{name}=="retrogame",

ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}="1"

8. PressCtrl+X,thenYtosaveyournewudevrules.9. Now,restartyourRaspberryPi,andyourGPIOcontrollerwillbeready.

TroubleshootingcontrollersThereareafewcommonproblemsthatcancropupwhenusingdifferenttypesofcontrollersonyourPi.Themostcommonone,isthatyoujustcan’tseemtogetyourgametorecognizeanyinput.Yourfirststepshouldbetocheck/dev/inputandensurethatthereisajsX(wherexisthejoysticknumber)fileinthedirectory.

IfyouseeyourjsXfile,typejstest/dev/input/jsX.Youshouldnowbeabletopressthebuttonsonyourcontrollerandseethedifferentinput.

Ifyoudon’tseeanythinginhere,disconnectyourcontroller,thenplugitbackinandrundmesg.Youshouldseesometextscrollbyreallyquickly.Theverylastlinesshouldshowthatyouhavepluggedinyourjoystick.

Ifyoudon’tseeyourcontrollerindmesg,tryusingapoweredUSBhub.Yourcontrollermightneedextrapower.

Whenrunninghciconfig,ifnothingappears,itmightbebecauseyourUSBBluetoothdongleisn’tgettingenoughpower.TryconnectingittoapoweredUSBhubandseeifthis

fixestheissue.Ifnot,yourBluetoothdonglemightnotbesupported.

SummaryYouhavenowlearnedaboutdifferentgamepadsandjoysticks.Youhavelearnedhowtobuildyourown,andhowtoconnectthemdirectlytotheRaspberryPihardware.YoualsoknowhowtoconnectnonstandardcontrollerssuchastheXboxandDualShock3.YoucannowtroubleshootyourcontrollersandyouhavelearnedmoreabouttheinnerworkingsofRaspbianandLinux.

Inthenextchapter,wewillgooversomegeneraltroubleshootingtipsfortheRaspberryPi.

Chapter8.TroubleshootingSofar,welearnedhowtomakeourowngame,installnumerousemulatorsandvideogames,hookupperipherals,connectjoysticks,andusethehardwarepins.However,whathappenswhensomethinggoeswrong?ThischapterwillguideyouthroughsomeofthecommonissuesyoumightfacewithaRaspberryPi.

Usingraspi-configTheraspi-configtoolisabasicutilitythatisincludedineachcopyofRaspbian.Itisamenu-basedGUIthatenablesyoutoeasilymodifyyourRaspberryPisettings.

Torunraspi-config,typesudoraspi-configonthecommandline.

Theraspi-configtooloffersthefollowingoptions:

Expandfilesystem:ThisoptionwillresizetheOStousealloftheavailableSDcardspace.Changeuserpassword:ThiswillpromptyouforanewpasswordfortheuserPi.Enableboottodesktop/Scratch:Thisallowsyoutoswitchbetweenbootingtothecommandprompt,Scratch,orthedesktop.Internationalizationoptions:Thisoptionallowsyoutochangeyourtimezoneandyourkeyboardlayout.Enablecamera:IfyouhavetheRaspberryPicameramodule,checkthistoyes.AddtoRastrack:ThisoptionenablesotherpeopletoknowyourPi’slocation.Overclock:YoucanchangeyourRaspberryPi’sspeedhere.Advancedoptions:

Therearemanyadvancedoptionsinraspi-configwhichareexplainedasfollows:

Overscan:Ifyouseeblackbarsonyourmonitor,oryourscreenmightbealittleoff;useoverscantocorrectit.Hostname:ThissetsyourRaspberryPi’snetworkname(Default:raspberrypi).Memorysplit:ThischangesthememoryavailabletotheGPU,whileleavingtheresttoyourapplications.Theminimumis16MB.

NoteIfyouhaveModelAorA+themaximumsplitcanbe192MB,andonModelBorB+,youcangoto448MB.Iwouldn’trecommendgoinghigherthan128MB,asyouwanttodevoteenoughRAMtoLinux.

SSH:ThisoptionallowsyoutoremotelyconnecttoyourRaspberryPi.SPI:ThisenablesautoloadingoftheSPImodule.Yourhardwareshouldletyouknowifyouneedthis.I2C:ThisenablesautoloadingoftheI2Cmodule.Serial:Thisoptionenablesanddisablesdatagoingtotheserialpins.Audio:Thiswillsetwhereaudioisoutputfrom;HDMIoraudiojack.Update:Thiswillupdateraspi-configtothelatestversion.

CommontroubleshootingHerearesomeofthecommonerrorsandthemeanstotroubleshootthem:

EmulationStationreturnsanerrorwhenItrytolaunchitInsuchasituation,runsudoapt-get-yinstalllibsdl1.2-devlibboost-filesystem-devlibfreeimage-devlibfreetype6-devlibsdl-mixer1.2-devttf-

dejavu.

ThiswillinstalltherequireddependenciesthattheEmulationStationrequirestorun.

EmulationStation,aswellasothergames,mightrequiredependenciesthathavenotbeenloadedduringtheinstall.Forexample,libsdl1.2-dev,libboost-filesystem-dev,libfreeimage-dev,libfreetype6-dev,libsdl-mixer1.2-dev,andttf-dejavuarecommonlibrariesthatareusedinanumberofgamesthatmightnothavebeeninstalled,orneedtobeupdated.

NothinghappenswhenIapplypowerInthisparticularinstance,tryoutthefollowingthings:

Makesurethepowersupplyisratedfor5Vwithatleast1A(1000mA).Itwouldhelpifyoucangetupto2.1A(2100mA).Checkwhetherthepowerlightsareilluminatedontheboard.EnsurethatthemonitorisonandpluggedintotheRaspberryPi.CheckthattheSDcardisformattedproperly.

Mostofthetime,aRaspberryPiwillfailtoboot,orexperienceproblemsduringuse,becauseofaninadequatepowersupply.ManyMicroUSBchargersaremanufacturedwithminimalqualityassurance,soifyoudoexperienceissues,thefirstthingtodowouldbetotryadifferentbrandofcharger.MostbrandedcellphonechargerswillproperlypoweraRaspberryPi.

Ifthisdoesn’tfixtheissue,thenextstepistotestouttheSDcard.AproperlyformattedSDcardwillhaveasmallbootdrivethatisreadablebyWindows,MacOSX,andLinuxoperatingsystems.Ifyoucannotseethebootdrive,oranyfilesinsideit,thenitismostlikelythatyourSDcardhasn’tbeenproperlyimaged.

YoucanalsotryusingtheNOOBSsoftwarethattheRaspberryPiFoundationoffers.ThisisasetoffilesthatyoucandraganddroptoanyfreshlyformattedSDcard.WhenyoubootuptheRaspberryPiwiththatSDcard,itwillattempttoinstallanoperatingsystemontoitself.TogettheNOOBSpackage,visit:

http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/

FormoreinformationonusingNOOBScheckout:

http://www.raspberrypi.org/introducing-noobs/

SomeofthegamesseemslowYoucanoverclockyourRaspberryPitoekeoutextraperformanceandspeed.

Warning:overclockingcancorruptyourSDcard,requiringyoutoreloadRaspbianonit.IfyourRaspberryPiseemstobeunresponsive,rebootandholddowntheShiftkeytotemporarilyresettheoverclocksettings.GothroughthefollowingstepstooverclockyourRaspberryPi:

1. Runsudoraspi-configfromthecommandline.2. SelectOverclockfromthemainmenu.3. Selectthelowestoverclock.4. Rebootandchecktheperformance.5. Ifitisstillslow,selectthenextoverclocksetting.6. Ifthegamestillrunsatanunacceptableperformance,thebestbetistoposttothe

RaspberryPiforums.AstheRaspberryPiplatformmatures,newenhancementsandperformancetweakswillbeavailable.

Bydefault,theRaspberryPirunsat700MHzbuthasthecapabilitytobeoverclockedtoahigherspeed.MostRaspberryPishavebeennotedtobeworkingfineat900MHzandsomeevenhigherthan1GHz.OverclockingtheCPUwithraspi-configautomaticallythrottlesthespeed,asrequired.So,whennotinuse,itreducespowerdownto700MHz.Evenwiththethrottle,overclockingcanmakeyoursystemunstableandcanleadtoSDcardcorruption.Ifyoursystemfailstobootafteroverclocking,holdingdownShifttriestoturnofftheoverclockinginthesoftware.Ifthisdoesnotwork,youcaneditthe/boot/config.txtfileandsetarm_freq=700todisableoverclocking.Ifallelsefails,youcanreimageyourSDcard.Alloverclockinginformationisstoredinconfig.txt,andreimagingyourcardwillresetit.

ConnectingviaHDMIdoesn’tworkEdittheconfig.txtfileandsethdmi_safe=1.

Typesudonano/boot/config.txt,intheterminalFindthe#hdmi_safe=1lineRemovethe#fromthelinePressCtrl+X,thenpressYtosavethefileRebootyourRaspberryPi

TurntheTVonbeforeturningontheRaspberryPi.TryadifferentHDMIcable.

ThebootdrivecontainsaTEXTfilenamedconfig.txt.ThisfilestoresalloftheconfigurationparametersandisreadeachtimeyourRaspberryPipowerson.Editingthisfileallowsyoutofine-tuneyourRaspberryPiandcanalsohelpresolvevariousissuesthatcancropupduringuse.YoucanalsoeditthisfileonyourPCorMacbyputtingtheSDcardintothecomputer.

IfyouhavetroublegettinganimagetoappearonyourTVthroughHDMI,themostcommonfixistoeditconfig.txtandsethdmi_safe=1.ThischangesandbooststheHDMIsignal,sothatitismorelikelytosyncwithyourTV.AnothersimplechangeistoensurethattheTVisonandconnectedbeforeyoupowerontheRaspberryPi.

TheDualShock3controllerdoesnotconnectInthiscase,

EnsurethattheDualShock3batteryisfullycharged.

NoteChargingcantakeover2hourstofullycomplete.

Usingasmallpin,presstheresetbuttononthebackofthecontroller.UseapoweredUSBhubforyourBluetoothdongle.UseaMicroUSBcabletoensurethatthecontrollerworkswhenpluggedin.

IgetanerrorwhencompilingRetrogameThemostcommoncauseoferrorsisforgettingapieceofsyntax.

Checkwhethereachlinehastheproperamountofcommas.

Forexample:{17,KEY_DOWN},

SummaryInthischapter,youhavelearnedhowtotroubleshootdifferentailmentsthatcanafflictyourRaspberryPi.Youhavelearnedhowtooverclockyourprocessor,edityourconfig.txttoenabledifferentmodes,resetyourcontroller,andmakesureyouhaveaproperpoweredPi.

Anextrapieceofadvice:Don’tbeafraidtotinkerandexperimentwithyourRaspberryPi.Itisveryhardtodamagethehardware.Ihaveyettohurtone.Ifeverythingseemsbroken,reformatyourSDcardandstartover.

Ifallelsefails,wearepartofalargecommunityofenthusiaststhatwanttowatchyousucceed.Jointheforumsathttp://raspberrypi.org.Therearemanywhowillbewillingtohelp.

Also,ensurethatyoucheckouttheseguidesformoreinformation:

E-LinuxRu-PiTroubleshootingguideathttp://elinux.org/R-Pi_TroubleshootingE-LinuxR-PiConfigguideathttp://elinux.org/RPiconfig

AppendixA.GamesListThisappendixcontainsoflistofsomeofthegamesavailablefromtherepositories.ThislistiscollatedfromtheRaspberryPigamingsubforum.

CheckoutthefollowingURLsformoreupdatesonavailablegames:

http://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=78&t=51794http://www.raspians.com/Knowledgebase/1-debian-wheezy-games-repository-sudo-apt-get-install/

GamesavailableviaApt-GetThefollowingisthelistofgamesthatareavailableviaApt-Get:

20,000LightYearsIntoSpace3DChess4-DigitAbuseACM(Aliens:ColonialMarines)AirstrikeAllegrodemoAngryDrunkenDwarvesAtomAtomicTanksBattleforWesnothBattleTanksBattleballBeneathaSteelSkyBlobWars:MetalBlobSolidBlockOut2DeSmuMEFeedingFrenzyFlareFlightoftheAmazonQueenFreeCivFreeCraftFreeDinkFreesweepFunnyBoatFuseGalagaGalaga:HyperspaceGNUShogiHexxagonKETM(KillEverythingThatMoves)LincityLittleCraneMancalaMednafenMicropolisMinecraft:PiEditionMonsterzNetHackOpenTTD

OvergodPrBoomPydanceRafkillSnake4SopwithSpaceAryaryaSpaceZeroSpoutStaxStellaSuperTuxTaguaTeddyTetzleTINTTriplaneVavoomXSoldierXtronYahtzeeSharp

RaspberryPi2Asofthiswriting,theRaspberryPiFoundationhasintroducedabrandnewboardcalledthePi2.WhilesharingthelayoutandpriceoftheModelB+,thePi2hasbeenheavilyupgraded.

ThebiggestchangeisthemovefromanARMv6runningat700MHz,toaquad-coreARMv7runningat900MHz.TheARMv7isaprettybigupgrade;itiswhatmostAndroidreleasesarecompiledforandtheminimumversionforotherLinuxdistributions.MicrosofthasevenmentionedreleasingacustomizedversionofWindows10fortheRaspberryPi.TheothermajorupgradeisthattheRAMhasbeenincreasedfrom512MBto1GB.

ThePi2isalsobackwardscompatiblewithsoftwarewrittenfortheoriginalPi.InordertomoveyourPi’sSDcardtothenewestPi2,followthesesteps:

OntheModelA,B,orB+runthesecommands:

1. First,runthesudoapt-getupdatecommand.2. Afterthatrunthesudoapt-getupgradecommandtoruntheupgrades.3. Next,runthesudoapt-getdist-upgradecommand.4. Finally,runthesudoapt-getinstallraspberrypi-ui-modscommand.

Afterthesetasksarecompleted,youroperatingsystemwillbeupdatedandyoucansafelymoveyourSDcardbetweenthePi2andoriginalRaspberryPi.

IndexA

AdafruitURL/GPIOpins

ApplicationProgrammingInterface(API),Minecraftusing/UsingtheMinecraft:PiEditionApplicationProgrammingInterfaceURL,fordocumentation/UsingtheMinecraft:PiEditionApplicationProgrammingInterface

AppStoreabout/RaspberryPiAppStoreusing/UsingtheAppStore

apt-cachesearchkeywordcommandabout/Findinggamesviatherepositories

Apt-Getgameslist/GamesavailableviaApt-Get

apt-getcommandused,forinstallingMednafen/Mednafen

Arcadesticksabout/Arcadesticks

Atari2600about/Stella(Atari2600)

BBluetoothconnectivity

SonyDualShock3controllers,settingup/SonyDualShock3controllersBluetoothdongle

URL/SonyDualShock3controllers

CCaveStory

about/CaveStoryinstalling/InstallingandrunningURL,forsourcecode/Installingandrunningcontrols/Controls

ChameleonPiabout/ChameleonPiURL,fordownloading/ChameleonPisystems/ChameleonPisplashscreen/ChameleonPigamefiles,copyingviaSAMBAshares/ChameleonPiversusRetroPie/ChameleonPigamefiles,copyingviaUSBdrive/ChameleonPi

controllersusing/ControllersontheRaspberryPigamepads/GamepadsArcadesticks/ArcadesticksXbox360controllers/Xbox360controllersSonyDualShock3controllers/SonyDualShock3controllersUSBencoders/USBencodersGPIOpins/GPIOpinstroubleshooting/Troubleshootingcontrollers

costumeabout/Somepointersandterminology

DDoom

about/DoomPrBoom/Doomcontrols/Controls

DualShock3controllerconnection,troubleshooting/TheDualShock3controllerdoesnotconnect

EEmulationStation

executionerror,troubleshooting/EmulationStationreturnsanerrorwhenItrytolaunchit

emulatorsabout/EmulatorsMednafen/MednafenFCEUX/FCEUX(NES)PiSNES/PiSNES(SNES)MAME4ALL/MAME4ALLFinalBurnAlpha/FinalBurnAlphaPCSX_ReARMed/PCSX_ReARMedPicoDrive/PicoDrive(Genesis/MegaDrive)Stella/Stella(Atari2600)

FFCEUX

about/FCEUX(NES)using/FCEUX(NES)

FinalBurnAlphaabout/FinalBurnAlphadownloading/FinalBurnAlphaURL,fordownloading/FinalBurnAlphacontrols/Controls

first-personshooter(FPS)about/Doom

FlappyBirdclonebuilding/Let’sbuildaFlappyBirdclone!newproject,creating/Creatinganewprojectvariables,creating/Makingthevariablesstage,setting/Settingthestagefloor,creating/Makingthefloorpipes,creating/Creatingthepipesmaincharacter,creating/Workingwiththemaincharacterenhancing/Enhancingthegame

foreverloopsabout/Somepointersandterminology

FreeCivabout/FreeCivinstalling/Installingandrunningexecuting/Installingandrunningserver,hosting/HostingaFreeCivservercontrols/LearningthecontrolsURL,forcontrollist/Learningthecontrols

GGalaga*Hyperspace

about/Galaga:Hyperspaceinstalling/Installingandrunningexecuting/Installingandrunningcontrols/Learningthecontrols

gamepadsabout/Gamepads

gamessearching,viarepositories/Findinggamesviatherepositories

GPIOpinsabout/GPIOpinsRetrogame/GPIOpins

HHDMI

connection,troubleshooting/ConnectingviaHDMIdoesn’twork

Iif…elsestatement

about/Somepointersandterminologyifstatement

about/Somepointersandterminologyinadequatepowersupply

troubleshooting/NothinghappenswhenIapplypowerinstallation,CaveStory

about/Installingandrunninginstallation,FreeCiv

about/Installingandrunninginstallation,Galaga*Hyperspace

about/Installingandrunninginstallation,Mednafen

apt-getcommand,using/Mednafeninstallation,Minecraft

about/Installingandrunninginstallation,Njam

about/Installingandrunninginstallation,NOOBS

about/UsingNOOBSinstallation,OpenArena

about/Installationinstallation,PrBoom

about/Installingandrunninginstallation,Retrogame

about/Installingandbuildinginstallation,Stella

about/Stella(Atari2600)installation,SuperTux

about/Installingandrunninginstallation,xboxdrv/Xbox360controllersinterface,Scratch

about/UnderstandingtheScratchinterface

Jjoystickpackage

installing/ControllersontheRaspberryPi

LLinux

SDcard,creating/CreatingtheSDcardinLinux

MMacintoshOSX

SDcard,creating/CreatingtheSDcardinMacintoshOSXMAME4ALL

about/MAME4ALLdownloading/MAME4ALLURL,fordownloading/MAME4ALLcontrols/Controls

Mednafenabout/Mednafeninstalling,apt-getcommandused/Mednafen

Minecraftabout/Minecraft:PiEditioninstalling/InstallingandrunningnewMinecraftworld,creating/CreatinganewMinecraftworldApplicationProgrammingInterface(API),using/UsingtheMinecraft:PiEditionApplicationProgrammingInterfacemultiplayergame/MultiplayerMinecraftcontrols/Controls

MultipleArcadeMachineEmulator(MAME)about/MAME4ALL

NNintendoEntertainmentSystem(NES)

about/FCEUX(NES)Njam

about/Njaminstalling/Installingandrunningexecuting/Installingandrunningcontrols/Learningthecontrols

NOOBSusing/UsingNOOBSinstalling/UsingNOOBSURL,fordownloading/UsingNOOBS,NothinghappenswhenIapplypowerabout/NothinghappenswhenIapplypower

NXEngineabout/CaveStory

OOpenArena

about/OpenArenainstalling/Installationsingleplayermatch/Singleplayermatchmultiplayermatch/Multiplayermatchserver,creatingformultiplayermatch/Runningaserverserver,joiningformultiplayermatch/Joiningaserver

overclockabout/Someofthegamesseemslow

PPCSX_ReARMed

about/PCSX_ReARMeddownloading/PCSX_ReARMedcontrols/Controls

PicoDriveabout/PicoDrive(Genesis/MegaDrive)downloading/PicoDrive(Genesis/MegaDrive)controls/Controls

PingPongabout/PingPongbuilding/PingPongpaddles,creating/Makingthepaddlesbouncingball,creating/Followingthebouncingball

PiPlayabout/PiPlayemulatorsandgames/PiPlayURL,fordownloading/PiPlaydownloading/PiPlaymenuscreen/PiPlaygamefiles,loading/PiPlayfrontend/PiPlay

PiSNESabout/PiSNES(SNES)URL,fordownloading/PiSNES(SNES)downloading/PiSNES(SNES)controls/Controls

pointers,Scratchvariable/Somepointersandterminologystage/SomepointersandterminologyXposition/SomepointersandterminologyYPosition/Somepointersandterminologysprite/Somepointersandterminologycostume/Somepointersandterminologyifstatement/Somepointersandterminologyif…elsestatement/Somepointersandterminologyforeverloops/Somepointersandterminology

PrBoomabout/Doominstalling/Installingandrunning

QQuake3Arena

about/OpenArenacontrols/Controls

RRaspberryPi

ModelA/ThedifferentflavorsofaRaspberryPiModelB/ThedifferentflavorsofaRaspberryPiModelB+/ThedifferentflavorsofaRaspberryPiModelA+/ThedifferentflavorsofaRaspberryPiURL,fordownloading/SettingupanSDcardsettingup/HookingupyourRaspberryPiconnecting,toWiFiaccesspoint/ConnectingtoaWi-FiaccesspointAppStore/RaspberryPiAppStoretroubleshooting/Commontroubleshooting

raspi-configtoolusing/Usingraspi-config

raspi-configtool,advancedoptionsoverscan/Usingraspi-confighostname/Usingraspi-configmemorysplit/Usingraspi-configSSH/Usingraspi-configSPI/Usingraspi-configI2C/Usingraspi-configserial/Usingraspi-configaudio/Usingraspi-configupdate/Usingraspi-config

raspi-configtool,optionsexpandfilesystem/Usingraspi-configchangeuserpassword/Usingraspi-configenableboottodesktop/Scratch/Usingraspi-configinternationalizationoptions/Usingraspi-configenablecamera/Usingraspi-configaddtoRastrack/Usingraspi-configoverclock/Usingraspi-config

Read-onlymemory(ROM)about/Emulators

repositoriesgames,searchingvia/Findinggamesviatherepositories

Retrogameabout/GPIOpinscontrols/GPIOpinsinstalling/Installingandbuildingbuilding/Installingandbuildingcompilationerror,troubleshooting/IgetanerrorwhencompilingRetrogame

RetroPieabout/RetroPie

systemsandconsoles/RetroPieURL/RetroPieEmulationStationsplashscreen/RetroPiegamecontroller,configuring/RetroPiegamecontroller,settingup/RetroPiegamefiles,copyingwithSAMBAshares/RetroPiegamefiles,copyingviaUSBdrive/RetroPieversusChameleonPi/ChameleonPi

SSAMBAshares

used,forcopyinggamefilesontoPi/RetroPieScratch

about/WhatisScratch?interface/UnderstandingtheScratchinterfacefirstprogram,creating/MakingScratchymovepointers/SomepointersandterminologyFlappyBirdclone,building/Let’sbuildaFlappyBirdclone!PingPong,building/PingPong

SDcardsettingup/SettingupanSDcardbootpartition/SettingupanSDcardLinuxpartition/SettingupanSDcardcreating,inWindows/CreatingtheSDcardinWindowscreating,inMacintoshOSX/CreatingtheSDcardinMacintoshOSXcreating,inLinux/CreatingtheSDcardinLinuxNOOBS,using/UsingNOOBS

SegaGenesis/MegaDriveabout/PicoDrive(Genesis/MegaDrive)

sixadURL,fordownloading/SonyDualShock3controllers

SonyDualShock3controllersabout/SonyDualShock3controllerssettingup,forBluetoothconnectivity/SonyDualShock3controllers

spriteabout/Somepointersandterminology

stageabout/Somepointersandterminology

Stellaabout/Stella(Atari2600)installing/Stella(Atari2600)controls/Controls

SuperNintendoEntertainmentSystem(SNES)about/PiSNES(SNES)

SuperTuxabout/SuperTuxinstalling/Installingandrunningexecuting/Installingandrunningcontrols/Learningthecontrols

Ttroubleshooting

controllers/TroubleshootingcontrollersEmulationStationexecutionerror/EmulationStationreturnsanerrorwhenItrytolaunchitinadequatepowersupply/NothinghappenswhenIapplypoweroverclocking/SomeofthegamesseemslowHDMIconnectionissue/ConnectingviaHDMIdoesn’tworkHDMIconnection/ConnectingviaHDMIdoesn’tworkDualShock3controllerconnection/TheDualShock3controllerdoesnotconnectRetrogamecompilationerror/IgetanerrorwhencompilingRetrogame

UUSBdrive

gamecontroller,configuring/RetroPieused,forcopyinggamefilesontoPi/RetroPie

USBencodersabout/USBencoders

Vvariable

about/Somepointersandterminology

WWiFiaccesspoint

RaspberryPi,connectingto/ConnectingtoaWi-FiaccesspointWiFiadapter

URL/ConnectingtoaWi-FiaccesspointWin32DiskImager

about/SettingupanSDcardURL/CreatingtheSDcardinWindows

WindowsSDcard,creating/CreatingtheSDcardinWindows

XXbox360controllers

about/Xbox360controllersxboxdrv

about/Xbox360controllersinstalling/Xbox360controllersusing/Xbox360controllers

Xpositionabout/Somepointersandterminology

YYposition

about/Somepointersandterminology