rasmus munch sørensen rms@energinet - sorpa · biogas in the future integrated energy system...

Biogas in the futureintegrated energy system

1Biogas in the future integrated energy system

Nordic Biogas Conference, Reykjavik, August 2014

Rasmus Munch Sørensen – [email protected]

Content

• Looking into the crystal ball: How could a cost-optimised, sustainable energy

system look like in Denmark?

• Do we need biogas in such an energy system?

• Where can we use biogas?

• How can we lower costs of integrating biogas?


Date - Doc. no. 18Biogas in the future integrated energy system

About Energinet.dk

We ensure supply of electricity and gas every minute


Energinet.dk is responsible for ensuring electricity in the

socket and gas in the gas taps - both today at 20.50 and in

2050.

Facts about Energinet.dk



Green transition

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Wind Sun (PV) Wave Heat (sun andgeothermal)

Biomass andwaste (incl.

slurry)

PJ

pe

r ye

ar

Futher biomass potential by using energy crops

Domestic potential for RE-production towards 2050

2050 (production and gross energy consumption)

2011 (net import biomass)

2011 (production and gross energy consumption)

Domestic renewable resources to reach 100% renewable energy by 2050

Potentials from Danish Commission on Climate Change Policy, 2010

Fluctuating power production

Gross energy consumption 2011

Gross energy consumption 2050

Biogas in the future integrated energy system 7

Biogas

potential in

Denmark:

Around 40 PJ.

65 PJ if

methanised.

Perspectives on storage capacities


Using the gas system as a key integrator


Cheap baths for everybody!

- Also our children


Do we need biogas in

the energy system?

Conversion is ”easy” – we don’t need to choose the winnermolecules now


Cost and potential of producing Renewable Gas in DK(Projected 2035 price levels)


0

5

10

15

20

25

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Co

st o

f R

en

ew

able

Gas

(EU

R/G

J)

Fuel production potential (PJ)

Waste

Straw etc

Energy crops

Hard biomass(wood chips etc.)

ManureElectrolysis (power to gas)

201320352050Fuel consumption (gas+liquid)

Extra 22 GW offshore windneeded at this amount of P2G

Natural gas + CO2 (2035)

Diesel + CO2 (2035)

So yes, wet biomass will likely be needed, and AD is

currently the best technology for converting this

ressource.

So where should we use biogas?


Approximately 50%

2050 (Scale 1:2)

2012 2020

2035

Some scales on wind production and electricity consumption

Three weeks in November…

Wind share: Approximately 30% of

classic consumption

Approximately 80% Approximately 150%


2012

2035

2050 (Scale1:1)

Wind share: Approximately 30% of

classic consumption

Approximately 80% Approximately 150%

Some scales on wind production and electricity consumption

Three weeks in November…


Use of biogas in Industry: Some better than others


<50 °C

50-75 °C

75-100 °C

100-150 °C

150-

200

°C

>200 °C

Industry (60 PJ) distribution on temperature levels

- Most consumption is low temperature

- For higher temperatures, RE gas is a valid long-term option.

- Industry focuses on low cost of energy, and security of supply.

Supplying the industry long-term


Transportation sector


- Most energy goes to personal transport

- Still large potential left for RE-fuels in heavy road transport

- Transport sector requires efficient distribution and storage

- Transport sector, including heavy road, is increasing its energy demand

Energy supply for road transport


0

50

100

150

200

250

2013 2035 2050

En

erg

y i

np

ut

(P

J)

Input energy

Oil RE gas/fuel Electricity Natural gas

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2013 2035 2050

Output energy(energy to wheels)


Can we lower the costs

of using RE-gasses?

Examples of local grid configurations using different gasses


SNG upgrading (CH4)Local biogas grid (CH4+CO2)

Syngas (H2+CO) Local hydrogen grid

Biogas

plant

Power 2

Gas

Industry CHP CHP IndustryBiogas

plantStorage

Power2

Gas Power2

Gas

Storage

Industry

Thermal

gasification

Biofuel

MetanolCHP

Power 2

GasIndustry

Gas t

ransm

issio

n

H2

tank

Local optimisation possibilites for biogas


Biogas

Local storage

if feasible

Local grid

Option 1: CHP

Option 2:

Upgrade or

methanise

Natu

rgasnet

Electricity

at high

prices

Injection

Option 3:

Industry

Removing the CO2 and injecting it in the gas

system continiously is the ”easy” solution –

but may not be worth the cost all the time

Political goals and subsidies are not free


Subsidyschemes

Evaluation

Adjustmentof

subsidies

Evaluation

Green ambitions

15,33 Euro subsidy per GJ

4 PJ more by 2020

60 Mio. Euro subsidy for 4 PJ

184Mio. euro for 12 PJ more

(original 2020 goal)

Approx 270 euro per ton CO2 if replacing Natural Gas

… but isn’t biogas also more than just energy?

Concluding points about use of biogas

Local optimization is key. In an ideal system:

• Use directly for CHP when electricity price is high

• Use directly for industry when electricity price is low

• Upgrade/methanisation when industry demand and electricity price is low

Requires re-thinking the way we look at biogas plants, and our

framework conditions supporting it:

• Is it only an energy production unit? Is it not rather a combined ”waste”

treatment plant with an energy production?

• Biogas can not be compared 1:1 to windturbines, PV’s, biomass boilers

etc. It is better than that.

• Subsidies aiming specifically at one use or another potentially hinders

succesful local optimisation and maximum benefit of the biogas

• If only upgraded and injected biogas can be traded as bio-methane, this

also hinders local utilisation of the raw biogas


Want to know more?

Watch our movie about the future gas system on energinet.dk or our youtube channel

Demonstration project of 1 MW electrolyser and biological methanation of biogas


rasmus munch sørensen rms@energinet - sorpa · biogas in the future integrated energy system...

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