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CONFIDENTIAL

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (R.E.I.A.)

Additional New Facility

Ferro Alloys & Captive Power Plant

And Expansion of

Biomass (Rice Husk) based Power Plant

R.R. Energy Pvt. Ltd.

Village- Garh umaria, Distt- Raigarh (C.G.)

*****************

:: Prepared By::

Indus Technical and Financial Consultant Ltd. 205, Samta Colony, Raipur (C.G.) 492001

Ph.: 91-771-2254186/ 87 Email: [email protected]

Website : www.itfcenv.com

ITFC/REIA/RREPL/BMPP/Page 1.1

CHAPTER 1 PROJECT AT A GLANCE

Name of the Unit

: M/s RR ENERGY Ltd

Regd. Office : Village: Gadh-umaria, Jharsuguda Road,Raigarh, (C.G.) 496 004

Plant Location : IB- Vally Road (8 Km from Raigarh towards IB vally) Village - Garhumaria , Raigarh (C.G.)

Existing Production A Semi Finished Steel -100000 TPA ( Under Implementation )

B Bio-mass Power Plant – 14 MW

C Fly Ash Bricks Plant- 19800TPA

(A) Bio Mass Power Plant -1 MW Expansion & Proposed Production Capacity (B) Ferro Alloys Plant 3 X3.6 MVA ( Ferro/

Silico Manganese – 30000TPA ) (C) Captive Power Plant =25MW Coal/ Char

Dolochar based Working days/year : 330 days Total Land Area

: 17 hect. Total Private land

Total No. of Man-Power

: 100 Nos Existing + 90 Nos Additional Total =190 people


1.1 SALIENT FEATURE OF THE PROJECT

Feature Details

Toposheet No 64-O/5

Altitude 222 above msl Longitude 83º24' 55"

Latitude 21º 50' 56"

Tehsil ,District,State Gadh umariya, Darramuda Raigarh, Chhatisgarh Max, Temp 46ºC Min. Temo 7ºC Relative Humidity 52% Annual Rainfall in mm 1400 to 1600( millimeter ) Land availability 17 hectare + 4 hectare for Ash Pond Topography Plain Soil Type Predominantly clayey with upper land being laterite Nearest River Kelo River East 2.5Km Nearest State Highway Highway at a distance 0.5Km from the site . Nearest City Raigarh – N- 8 KM Nearest Railway Junction

Raigarh -8 Km

Nearest Industries 1. Shree Chem resin 2. Blastech India 3. Maa Shakambari Steel (P) Ltd., 4. Shiva Shakti Steel (P) Ltd. 5. Mangla Ispat (P) Ltd 6. Ind Synergy Ltd

Nearest Village Garh Umaria 0.5 KM Darramura S- 0.5 Km

Nearest Air Port Mana Air Port Raipur(C.G. ) - 225 Km Nearest Forest Gajmar Reserve Forest E – 3.0 Km Historical Places No Religious Place Gauri Shankar Temple at Raigarh city at a distance -9 Km


1.2 Additional Impact due to the Project expansion on Environment by RREPL 25 MW Captive Power Plant and Ferro Alloys Plant

1 Land No extra land is required for the project expansion. The existing 17 hectare land is enough to complete the same. Only about 4 hectare extra land will be procured for Ash Pond.

2 Green Belt Existing Green Belt is about 1.2 hectare, this will be increased to about 5.5 hectare, thus 4.3 hectare extra Green Belt will be there.

3 Air Pollution The present emission limit granted is @ 100 mg/Nm3, after expansion even in existing power plant of 15 MW and Induction Furnace the emission limit will be brought down to 50 mg. As per 100 mg/Nm3 the particulate emission is estimated @3495 mg/sec, whereas after expansion by keeping 50 mg/Nm3, it will come down to 2419.71/mg/sec. Hence, the ultimate particulate emission to the atmosphere will not increase.

4 Water Pollution The zero discharge condition will be kept 5 Water consumption Water consumption will increase from the

present 115 KL/day for industrial purpose to 232 KL/day for Industrial purpose. Some increase will there for domestic use also. 100% water will be recycled.

6 Solid Waste Generation a) Ash generated will increase from 22000 tons per annum to 114500 tons per annum.

b) Slag generation will increase from 10000 tons to 24000 tons per annum.

However comprehensive solid waste management will mitigate the above at the same time the unit will be able to utilize about 79800 tons per annum of char/ dolochar an industrial solid waste. Thus the ultimate increase in the waste would be only to about 93000 tons per annum.

7 Impact on transport of goods

a) Present raw material requirement is about 2.61 lakhs tons and finished production is 1 lakhs tons, Thus the total transport


requirement is 3.61 laksh tons. This will increase to about 5.92 lakhs tons in purchase and 1.29 lakhs tons in sales; thus the total transport need will become 7.21 lakhs tons per annum. Out of this about 0.80 lakhs tons Industrial solid waste transport will help to mitigate the waste disposal transport in near by industries. Thus the ultimate additional impact will be about 2.80 lakhs tons/annum or about 850 tons per day additional raw material and finish goods transport.

Being located near to the Highway this will not create any adverse impact.

8 Noise Level The existing noise will be maintained by attenuing at source and by mitigation.

With the above additional impact comparison it can be stated that the project expansion will not have any additional adverse impact on land use, air quality, water quality and noise levels. The additional impact will mainly to caused due to the generation of solid waste, increased traffic and increased water consumption, for which, comprehensive management steps have been planned and will be implemented.


CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION The Biomass base power plant of RREPL is located near village Darramuda and Garh umaria , at Raigarh district in the Chhattisgarh state. The 14 MW Biomass based captive power plant is operational since Feb 2007 the 1 lak tonnes capacity steel plant base on induction furnace is under implementation, for which the consent to establish has already been obtained. It is proposed to set up a 25 MW Coal, Char Dolochar & Washery reject based captive power plant to fulfill the power requirement of the steel cum Ferro alloys unit. It is also proposed to set up a 30000 TPA Ferro Alloys unit at the same location. The layout plan of Steel & power plant along with location of proposed expansion is shown in figure 1.1 The detail breakup of existing production facility are given in table 1.1 SITE AND SURROUNDING The plant is located about 8 km east from Raigarh City which is situated at North Eastern part of the state of Chattisgarh. The project site is in South of the Mumbai Nagpur Howrah electrified main Rail route of South Eastern railway and nearest rail head Raigarh railway station is approx 8 Km away from the plant. All weather tar road connect the area. The latitude and longitude of the area is 21o 50’ 56’’ North to 21o 51’ 22’’ North and 83 o 24’ 55’’ East to 83 o 25’ 10’’ East in the toposheet No. 64 O/5 . The nearest airport is located at Mana village near Raipur at a distance of about 225 km from the Project area. The site is located on flat terrain having general elevation 222 m above MSL with gentle slope toward South and red brownish colour lateritic and sandy loam soil. The predominant wind direction at the site is from North East during October to May and from South East during June to September The north and eastern side of project site is surrounded by two protected/reserve forest namely Gajmar Reserve Forest : 3 km at East- North direction, Boirdader Reserve Forest : at 9 km North-Eest direction. The forest is dominated by Sal, Teak and Bamboo species. There are no endangered plant species reported in the impact zone. Several local species including Mahua tree and fruit bearing tree have been planted in and around the village and along the road. There is no ecological sensitive place like national park, sanctuary, biosphere reserve, heritage sites etc around 10 km of the site. A Bhitti-chitra is the main archeological monument located at “Kabera Pahar” at 6.5 km East direction. There is no route of migratory animals within 10 km radius neither have critically polluted area because density of industry is moderate. The location map of the site and surrounding are shown in figure 1.2


ABOUT THE RR ENERGY PVT. LTD. PROMOTERS / GROUP BACKGROUND R.R ENERGY PRIVATE LIMITED was incorporated on 27-04-2004 having its registered office at, 65 Transport Nagar, Korba Chhattisgarh. The company has set up 14 MW Grid Interphase Biomass based Power Plant on the strength of possible CDM benefit on Lands already acquired. The induction furnaces are being set up. It is proposed to set up one 25 MW captive poer plant & a 30000 TPA Ferro Alloys plant at the same location. The directors of the company are Mr. Ramavtar Agrawal, Mr. Rajendra Kumar Agrawal and Mr. Subhash Singhal. At present Company’s not enjoying any credit facility from any Bank/ Financial Institution. THE MANAGEMENT The company is managed by well-qualified persons having professional qualification. The brief bio-data are as under:- SHRI RAMAVTAR AGRAWAL Son of Late Jagmohan Das Agrawal is a resident of Vidya Nagar, Bilaspur. Aged about 45 years he is a postgraduate in Commerce. He has a vast experience in business. He is a person of high moral values and very much energetic. He has very good business acumen and zeal to turn ideas into reality. He is a high net worth individual who enjoys a good social reputation. SHRI RAJENDRA KUMAR AGRAWAL – Aged about 47 years, is having more than 21 years of experience in trade and industry. He is a successful first generation entrepreneur. He is involved in business of grain merchant at Korba. He is a director in R.R. Ferro Alloys (P) Ltd. that is producing ferro vanadium. He has a very sound financial record. He is associated with many social and cultural organizations and is a respected figure in the society. SHRI SUBHASH SINGAL – Aged about 45 years is a Bachelor of Engineer from BITS, Pilani. He has worked as Production Manager in Bharat Petrolium since 1984 to 1994 and presently working as a lead process engineer in Kuwait National Petroleum Co. TECHNICAL ADVISOR SHRI B.L. AGRAWAL: Aged about 52 years, is a qualified Electrical Engineer. Apart from his technical excellence, he has a keen financial and commercial expertise. Gifted with sharp intelligence and combining it with toil and perspiration, he fulfilled his desire to qualify as an Electrical Engineer from Raipur. While his family concentrated on setting up a tyre trading business, he sought out the more challenging vocation of industrial entrepreneurship. He is director of many industrial organizations. He has good knowledge of business and is well versed in the practical applications of technology. He has be technical and commercial experience in Steel manufacturing.


NEAR BY INDUSTRY The Shree Chem Resin,Darramuda Blastec India Ltd. Cold Storage, a number of Rice mills, Solvent plant and Fly Ash Brick manufacturers and 3-4 Godowns. at Sarangarh chowk, Mohan Jute Mill, Centra Bag Co are at Sarangarh Road, M.S.P. Steel & Power Ltd. located in North East direction at village Jamgaon, mini steel plant namely Maa Shakambari Steel (P) Ltd., Shiva Shakti Steel (P) Ltd. and Mangla Ispat (P) Ltd. located in North West direction at village Shambalpuri, Chakradherpur & Natwarpur respectively one Steel plant Ind Synergy Ltd at village Mahua palli. located in North East direction from village Garh Umariya within 10 Km radius. The larger Industrial unit of district Raigarh is Jindal Steel and Power and Ltd., which is about 16 KM in North-West direction of the plant. There are a few small-small mining units, for limestone mining and crushing, and lime kiln near to Sarangarh Chowk on Raigarh- Sarangarh Road. The surrounding area is mainly rural extending upto the border of Raigarh township. SCOPE OF THE RAPID EIA STUDY The primary objective of an REIA study includes determination of the present environmental scenario, study of the specific activity related to the project and evaluation of probable environmental impact due to these specific activities, thus leading to the recommendations of necessary environmental control measures for a sustainable environment. The Rapid EIA report is documented to fulfill the requirement of environmental authorities, pollution control board, lender financial institutions as well as general public and the managements of company, promoting the company. The Rapid EIA report covers the following steps: Collection of detailed information on existing environmental scenario or baseline data. Collection of process related data of the existing and proposed activity. Evaluation of impact and quantifying them. Prediction of impacts based on mathematical models empirical assessment and past experience. Preparation of an environmental management plan to reduce the impact due to project activity as well as possible limit on the basis of present available technique. Preparation of monitoring plans for the implementation of mitigation measures. To review the risk analysis and disaster management plan


The Rapid EIA is aimed at determining the environmental impact on the study area of the project. Due to construction and operation of the power project. The impact zone of which encompasses all areas falling within a radius of 10 km around of the project site. The Rapid EIA is thus, a rapid study on environmental impact due to a project and also a tool to assess and mitigate the detrimental impacts on the environment due to proposed expansion activity of the project


TABLE 2.1: List of Major Plant & Equipments installed Sl No

Equipment Details

Capacity of Biomass Power Plant Proposed power plant Coal based

Type of power plant

Biomass fired FBC BOILER + ESP+ Chimney + Auxiliaries

CFBC type based on lean fuels Like Char/dolochar

1 Boiler capacity 1 x 70Tph / 66 ksc /490+/- 5 ° C 100 tph, 90 ksc/510 +/- 5 degree celsius

2 Air cooled Condenser & Dearator

6 Cell 60 tph /0.176 ata

10Cell 100 tph /0.176 ata 3 Power Cycle

Piping 1 Lot 1 Lot

4 Fuel handling system

1 lot 30 tph 1 lot 40 tph

5 Ash Handling System

11 Tph 15 Tph

6 Water Treatment Plant

10 m³/hr 10 m³/hr

7 Auxiliary Cooling water system .

Direct flow Direct flow

8 EOT Crane 15/5 tons 15/5 tons

9 Air conditioning System

Centralize Centralize

10 Ventilation system

Exhaust type Exhaust type

11 Compressed Air System

2 x 600 cfm 2 x 600 cfm

12 Fire Protection System

Hyd +MVWS+ HVWS +PFEs Hyd +MVWS+ HVWS +PFEs

13 Control & Instrumentation

Freelance 2K Freelance 2K

14 Electrical System 1 Lot 1 Lot

15 Alternator + Accessories

15 MW 25 MW

16 Steam Turbine + Accessories

14 Mw –gross 25 Mw –gross

17 Power Transformation and Grid Synchronisation

15 MW capacity 25 MW capacity

18 Substation Transformer & Breakers with CT PT Transformer & Breakers with CT PT

19 Air Pollution Control System

ESP & BAG FILTERS ESP & BAG FILTERS

20 Laboratories Setup

Fuel & Ash analysis, water analysis Existing

21 Environment monitoring system.

Hi volume samplers, on line stack analyzer Existing


Besides the above the following equipments are under implementation for steel melting facility: A. Induction Furnace 1. 6 nos each of 6 tons 2. EOT cranes 3 nos each of 25 tonnes 3. contineous caster 4 meter dia 4. Water recirculation & cooling system 5. Power supply system B. Ferro alloys Plant (proposed) 1. 3nos of 3.6 MVA capacity each submerged arc furnace 2. Eot cranes 3 nos each of 25 tonnes 3. Water recirculation & cooling system 4. Power supply system 5. Slag Handling System


Figure 1.2

Location Map: As per Survey of India Toposheet No 64 O5


CHAPTER - 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING & PROPOSED PROJECT

3.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 3.1.1 BIOMASS BASED POWER PLANT (15 MW) existing Steam Power Plant: Steam Power Plants continuously converts the energy stored in fuel (Biomass, coal, oil, natural gas) or hot flue gases in to steam and then to shaft work and ultimately into electricity. The working fluid is water, which is sometime in liquid phase and sometime in vapor phase during its cycle of operation power plant as a bulk energy converter from fuel to electricity using water as a working medium. Energy is released by the burning of flue gases. The heat is transferred to water in the boiler (B) to generate steam at a high pressure and temperature, which then expands in the turbine (T) to a low pressure and low temperature to produce shaft work. The steam leaving the turbine is condensed in cooling tower to carry away the heat released during condensation of steam vapor, this is also creates vacuum which add to the turbine force. The water (condensate= C) is then fed back in to the boiler by the pump (P) and the cycle goes on repeating itself. The working substance water thus follows along B-T-C-P path of the cycle interacting externally since the fluid is under going a cyclic process, there will be no net change in its internal energy over the cycle and consequently, the net energy transferred to the unit mass of fluid as heat during the cycle must equal the net energy transferred as work from the fluid. 3.1.2 FLUIDISED BED BOILER The boiler is single drum, natural circulation, balance draft, water tube and membrane wall type construction. It has three pass FBB for recovering heat from combusted gases coming out from the furnace of boiler at a temperature of the between 950 to 1000 0c. The upper headers of membrane walls and the evaporator bundle I and II are connected to the steam drum by risers. Finally flue gases flow to ESP at 160 0c temperatures and steam generated at 66 kg/cm2 at 490 0c. 3.1.3 BOILER FEED WATER SYSTEM The feed water from deaerator is pumped to the steam drum thru an economizer by multistage feed water pumps, of which two are working and one is standby. The economizer recovers the heat from flue gases, thereby preheating the water before it enters the steam drum. WATER CIRCULATION The water circulation system consists of three-section viz- imbedded coil, convey bank, tube and water wall. The convey bank have self adjusting circulation pattern with a few tubes connected to the water space, serving as down comer tubes and the remaining serving as riser tubes. A part of the water in circulation is evaporated and the steam water mixture rises up to & into steam drum. Here the steam is separated from water. Dry steam leaves the steam drum, while the water mixes the incoming feed water for further circulation. The In-bed coil and water wall receive water from the steam drum and the dry saturated steam leaves the drum. The steam drum is provided with suitable internals for steam separation.


FLUE GASES Flue gases leaving the combustor, transfer the heat by radiation to the water walls by non luminous radiation and convection to the super heater and economizer. The flue gas leaving the super heater pass through the economizer that acts as heat recovery units. The cooled exhaust flue gases then flows to ESP. the ash get collected in to the hoppers provided below the ESP field, with rotary air lock. One number ID fan is provided in the flue gas stream to produce necessary draft to maintain the furnace under low positive pressure and provide required draft pressure to the gas outlet through Chimney. ID fan inlet dampers can be adjusted to maintain the furnace draft at desired levels from operating platform. 3.2 POLLUTION CONTROL 3.2.1 Air Pollution control: The main source of the air pollution being the combustion product of Rice Husk combustion i.e. Flue Gases, which carry lot of Ash with it to the atmosphere if not controlled. For the this purpose one ESP is provided with 60 meter tall Chimney. The ESP arrests most of the Ash and Dust and will only emit particulate matter to less than 50 mg/M3. The fugitive dust control is proposed by installed Bag Houses at two places in fuel conveying system and water sprinkling on the yard with green belt plantation is proposed to ensure the fugitive dust emission controlled. Water Pollution: It is proposed to install Air Cooled Condenser. Hence the water consumption will be much low as well as the effluent generation will also be low. The Reverse osmosis system is proposed to generate make up DM water. Thus also the effluent generation will be much low. All the generation effluent will be collected and neutralized and used for the ash quenching as well as party for the green belt irrigation. The domestic effluent will be treated in the conventional septic tank and soak pit the out flow will be used in the green belt plantation. The zero discharge condition will be maintained. 3.2.2 NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM Major noise prone equipment in the proposed plant is the steam turbine and heavy vehicles etc. the noise has been controlled with the following manner- By selecting the low noise prone equipment which has leq level below 85 dB(A) at 1 meter distance. By dampening the vibration by using the ant-vibration pad for mounting the equipment. By isolating the noise prone units from the working personnel’s continuous exposure and by monitoring the noise, taking the remedial measures and ensuring that no plant personnel is over exposed to noise.


The workers have been provided safety equipment such as ear-muff / ear plug etc. The plant layout area is spread over a huge area with dense plantation cover all around. Therefore the noise levels at the plant boundary is restricted much below the applicable standard limit. 3.2.3 SOLID WASTE : Fly Ash collected from ESP is given to brick plants free of cost. Also the farmers are provided the Ash free of cost for soil application. Bottom Ash is used for low lying area filling. STEEL 1 lakh tonnes per annum capacity under implementation The manufacturing process is well established and being implemented with 100000TPA capacity based on Induction melting and CCM. Also presently being followed by majority of similar manufacturing units mostly in small or medium scale sector. The main raw-material i.e., Sponge Iron will be procured from the existing units located in Raigarh & Orissa. Ferro Alloys & Power shall be internally consumed.Other raw materials Pig Iron, Pet Coke will be procured locally as almost 100% of the same is available in the area. The process in brief is as given below:- Sample of Sponge Iron & Pig Iron and mild steel scrap, end cutting from rolling mills or scrap is taken from raw material storage yard. This is then tested for its chemical composition and noted. Before preparation of charge necessary ingredients like Ferro Manganese, Ferro Silicon etc. are added by weight, Mix is than taken up in crucible and then charge is put into it. Melting of steel along with other alloying element is accomplished in the crucible of coreless M.F. Induction Furnace. The high A.C. Current is passed through the copper coil wrapped around the outer periphery of crucible. By transformer action the A.C. Current induces much higher secondary current at 1000 hertz in charge through the coil. Enormous heat it thus developed by inductance which causes the melting of charge. As soon as the molten pool is formed very pronounced stirring action in the molten mental takes place which helps in accelerating the melting. Deoxidizing agents and sometimes specific alloying elements are also added at suitable intervals during melting. Melting of homogenous mass occurs at 1600 C. If necessary superheating up-to 1650 C as done for specific time. After completion of melting cycle of an hour the homogeneous mass is poured hydraulically into ladle. The Molten metal is transferred to concast where the Billets are caste continuously. With the help of natural heat transfer the molten metal solidifies in the caste shaped. After a period of half an hour Billets are taken out. In case the material is to be molded in small shapes then the molten metal is poured through ladle into the prepared CI moulds. After cooling the casting are removed . The slag generated during the Melting is removed manually through BELCHAS (Steel Spatulas) Accumulated Slag is used for land fill. Manufacturing Process Flow diagram shown in fig-2.2


Ferro Alloys Plant (proposed) Project Raw Materials The detailed breakup of raw materials used for proposed Ferro Alloys & 25 MW power plant are given in Table 1.2 Manufacturing Process for Ferro Alloys The High Carbon Ferro Alloys are alloys of manganese and Iron with additions of Silicon, Carbon and several other various elements. They can be divided into various grades depending upon the content in the alloy. Manganese Ore is the basic material having the major constituents of the alloy viz. Iron and manganese. Different type of manganese ores is blended to achieve an appropriate manganese iron ratio used for the furnace charge. Coke is used as a reductant and quartz as an additional agent. The raw materials are charged into a furnace where they are smelted by electric power supplied through three carbon electrodes. The alloy and the slag produced in the furnace are tapped at regular intervals. The specifications of the Ferro alloys produced will conform to Bureau of Indian Standard specification. The process flow diagrams for production of Pig Iron or Ferro Alloys are shown in Figure 1.2 respectively. The raw material breakup given in Table 1.2 and analysis of raw material viz. Manganese Ores, Coke and quartz are given in the following table (in %).

Manganese Ores Constitutes A B C

Coke Quartz

% of Mn in MnO2 45 % 42 % 38 % - - SiO2 14-15 % 14-15 % 6-8 % - 98.50-99.00 % of Fe in FeO 5-6 % 6-8 % 10-16 % 2-4 0.5 AlO3 2-4 % 8-12% 12-14 % - 0.5 P 0.20 0.12 0.05 0.02-0.2 - S - - - 0.01-0.5 - Fixed Carbon - - - 70-80 - Volatile Matter - - - Max. 4% - Ash - - - 10-20 -

Electrode Paste, Casing/Ms Items, Oxygen Lance And Refractories The Soderberg electrodes are formed in situ by charging electrode paste of suitable compressive strength, electrical conductivity, porosity and density, into mild steel cylindrical shell provided with inner ribs for reinforcement. There is a continuous consumption of both electrode paste-casing sheets/MS Items. The other consumables of the process include Oxygen Lancing pipes and Oxygen used for opening the furnace tap-holes, and the refractories for the lining of pans / runners used for alloy collection.


The Process Standard High Carbon Ferro/Silico Manganese will be smelted at about 1700-1800OC. A conventional Submerged Arc Electric Furnace achieves this. The three carbon electrodes, partially submerged in the charge, are supported on hydraulic cylinders for upward and downward movements to maintain the desired electrical conditions in the furnace. The body of the furnace will cylindrical in shape, and is lined with firebricks, silicon carbide bricks and carbon tamping paste. Two tap-holes are provided at 120O. Apart for draining out both the molten alloy and the slag. During the repair works of one of the tap holes the other will function as standby. The raw material will thoroughly mixed in the proper proportion before being charged into the furnace. Manual poking rods or stoker car are used for stoking the charge on the furnace top. As the charge enters the smelting zone, the alloy formed by chemical reactions of the oxides and the reluctant, being heavy gradually settles at the bottom. The slag produced by the unreduced metal oxides and the flux, being relatively lighter, floats on the alloys surface. At regular intervals the furnace will be tapped. The tap hole is opened by Oxygen lancing pipe and after tapping will be completed, it will be closed by clay plug. The liquid Silicon manganese and the slag flow the C.I. Pan. The slag being lighter overflows from the C.I. pan and will be taken into the sand mould. The alloy cake from C.I. pan is removed and broken manually with hammer to required lump size. The slag produced in the process, generally free from metal after lorries to the slag dump remove cooling. Manufacturing Process (Coal Based Captive Power Plant 25 MW) Steam Power Plant A steam power plant will be of the same priniple as explained in Biomass power plant as above. Steam Cycle: It is based on modified Rankin cycle. Power plant Description: Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler When air passes upward at low velocities through a mass of finely divided solid particles (such as ash, crushed refractory, & lime stones) the particles are not disturbed. As airflow is gradually increased, the particles become suspended. Further increase in the airflow gives rise to Bubble formation and vigorous turbulence. The bed of solid particles has the same characteristics of the liquid and thus the bed is termed as Fluidized Bed. Combustion of fuel in this bed is termed as Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion (AFBC).


Mechanism of CFBC If the sand, in a fluidized state is heated to the ignition temperature of the fuel and fuel is injected continuously into the bed, the fuel will burn rapidly and the bed attains uniform temperature due to effective mixing. The un-combusted particles are returned back to the combustion bed by the internal transfer mechanism thus ensuring complete combustion of the combustible particles. While it is essential that the temperature of the bed should be at least equal to the ignition temperature of the fuel, it must never be allowed to approach adiabatic combustion temperature to avoid melting of ash. The combustion must be carried out essentially at a temperature below ash fusion temperature. This is achieved by extracting heat from the bed through heat transfer tubes immersed in the bed. Pressure Parts The boiler pressure part consists of water wall system Bed coil section, super-heater, de-super-heater, economizer, steam drum, risers and down-comers. The boiler furnace is a membrane wall construction made of tubes with fins welded between tubes to ensure leak tightness. The steam generated in the furnace water walls is taken to the steam drum through a series of riser tubes. The water walls are taken to the steam drum through a series of riser tubes. The water wall bottom headers receive the water from the steam drum through a set of down comers. The furnace is designed to operate under a negative pressure of –5 mm WC. The furnace is adequately protected for over pressure by a set of buck stays, which strengthen the furnace walls and transfer the load due to furnace puff, to the structures. The entire super-heater area is arranged in the convection and radiant zone. The super-heater heats the saturated steam from the steam drum by absorbing the heat from flue gas to the required temperature of 495+/-50C. The de-superheater sprays water on the steam , to maintain the outlet temperature to the required level. The economizer is a plain tubular counter flow and drainable type construction. In the economizer, the feed water is heated to a temperature close to the saturation temperature, by the outgoing flue gas. The steam drum is sized to have adequate steam space and water space. The steam drum is equipped with internals, which remove the water particles from the saturated steam, before it enters into the super-heater. Multi- Tubular air preheater. The last stage of the heat recovery unit is Multi tubular air pre-heater. The tubes are made-up of ERW construction. In the air heater, the fresh air is heated by the out going flue gas.


Air System The combustion air required for the boiler operation will be supplied by the forced drought fan. The cold air from forced drought fan will be let into the multi tubular air pre-heater, where the air will be heated by the flue gas and the hot air from the multi tubular air pre-heater will be distributed to the bed compartments by means of the air distributor nozzles. This is the air which keeps the bed fluidized. Some portion of the air from multi tubular air pre heater will be pressurized by primary air fans and this air will be used to transport the fuel particles into the combustion chamber. Air Cooled Condenser Air-cooled condenser will be provided to achieve the same heat removal function as that of water. But wherever the water is in scarcity, the air-cooled condenser will be adopted. In such system the volumes of air are forced into the condensing system to remove the heat in exchange steam and to help it to condensate. This some the water evaporation load in the water-cooled condensing. Circulating Water System The circulating water system supplies cooling water to the turbine condenser and thus acts as a medium through which heat is rejected from the steam cycle to the environment. In closed loop system, warm water from the condenser will be passing through a cooling device – a cooling tower, the cooled tower, and the cooled water will be than pumped back for condenser circulation. However, a natural body of water is still necessary nearby to supply the make-up water to replace the loss due to evaporation, blow down and so on. Feed Water System Condensate collected in the condenser, pumped in the deaerator through regenerative system where its temperature increase from 400C to 700C. Deaerator It will use for the purpose of deaerating the feed water. The presence of dissolved gases like oxygen and carbon-di-oxide in water makes the water corrosive, as they react with the metal to form Iron-oxide. The solubility of these gases in water decreases with increase in temperature and becomes zero at the boiling or saturation temperature. These gases are removed in the deaerator. Where feed water is heated to the saturation temperature by the steam extracted from the turbine. Feed water after passing through a heat exchanger – called vent condenser, is sprayed from the top so as to expose large surface area, and the bled steam from the turbine is fed from the bottom. By contact, the steam condenses and the feed water is heated to the saturation temperature. Dissolved oxygen and carbon-di-oxide gases get released from the water and leave along with some vapour, which is condensed back in the vent condenser, and the gases are vented out. To neutralize the effect of residual dissolved oxygen and carbon-di-oxide gases in water, sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) or hydrazine (N2H4) is injected in suitable calculated doses into the feed water at the suction of the boiler feed pump.


Feed water after deaeration, transferred to the boiler by boiler feed water pump at the 45 Kg/Cm2 pressure. Proposed Circulating Bed Boiler Steam Specification. The Proposed Circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler will be generate steam meet to requirement for 25 MW power generation. The boiler capacity of 105 TPH supplies steam at 105 bar pressure at 525 0C temperatures to the steam header to enable generation of 25 MW power. Steam generation in CFBC The steam generator will semi outdoor, natural circulation, balance drought, Circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler (CFBC) type, designed for burning “F” grade coal or washed coal having gross value 3400 kcal/kg to 3600 kcal/kg. , along with the Char – Dolochar having 1800 to 2200 kcal/kg heat volume. The system consists of super heater section, water walls/refractory walls, economizer and air pre-heater (APH). The boiler is equipped with suitable fuel firing system, LDO firing system for start-up etc. Economizer section of the boiler will be a non-steaming type, super section has a convection and reduction type and designed to maintain rated steam temperature of 525 0C (± 5 0C) at outlet over the control range of 66% to 100% MCR load. Main steam de-super heating station with provision for spraying water will be tapped off from feed water discharge piping will be provided. Air pre heater (APH) of tubular type will be provided for boiler. The boiler furnace and flue gas passes will be designed for low gas velocities in order to minimized erosion effect, as well as enough to reduce the dust load in flue gases. Ash handling and Disposal system Using the low grade of fuel generate high percentage of Ash from CFBC boiler. That the ash will be generated in the boiler of power plant will be collected dry for utilization in manufacturing of Proposed own bricks manufacturing plant and cement, brick making, road making and filing on low lying area. Bottom ash handling system: The bottom ash will be generated from combustion of coal and collected in bottom ash hopper will be evacuated by using a continuous operating submerged scraper chain system for collection of bottom ash. Fly ash handling system: Fly Ash will be collected in the ESP hopper, economizer hopper and APH hoppers will be conveyed to the buffer hopper by means of pneumatic conveying system. Further fly ash will be transported from buffer hopper to fly ash storage silos so that dry fly ash will be supplied Proposed own bricks manufacturing plant and interested cement plant and other users. The surplus Ash will be disposed off in the Ash pond through hi concentration slurry disposal system. For this a separate 4 hectare land area is being procured adjoining to the Power Plant. Suitable arrangement and capacity in the conveying system will available for dry collection and supply of 100% fly ash .


Pollution Control Measures The following Pollution Control equipments will be installed : At all the transfer points, Dust Collector will be installed. Water spraying on coal hip, coal yard, Char/Dolochar Yard and raw material will control the fugitive emissions. Electro Static Precipitator with 50 mg/Nm3 emission control will be installed to control point source emission. By selection of air cooling system in power generation water will be conserved significantly. For handling of Ash – Ash Handling system will be installed & the fly ash will be used for Proposed own bricks manufacturing plant , as well as given will be used own Proposed fly ash Bricks manufacturing plant ,free of cost for cement making, Brick making and bottom ash will be used Waste for Land Leveling, partially for Brick manufacturers. 3.3 HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL No hazardous chemical as specified in the schedule 1 of manufacture, storage and import of hazardous chemical rules 2000 are manufactured, stored or imported inside the plant. 3.4 GREEN BELT PLAN As per layout plan it has been planned to develop at least 10-meter wide greenbelt all around the plant site by planting suitable species of evergreen and broad leaves type plants. Plantation is also envisaged on the both side of plant road. Adequate tree plantations will substantially abate the dust pollution, filter the polluted air, reduce the noise and improve the aesthetic look of the plant. All the vacant area inside the premises will be developed as plantation and local species bushes will be planted. In total 33% area will be covered under the green belt. 3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING The emissions from the stack and the ambient air quality in and around the power plant shall be routinely monitored, online flue gases analyzer will be fitted on the main stack. Further the water quality; effluent quality and noise level shall also be regularly monitored through an established, monitoring lab. 3.6 SAFETY MEASURES The two aspects shall be considered during commissioning that fulfill the regulation of Factory Act and guidelines by regulatory authority. The extinguishers at vulnerable point and hydrants types fire protection system shall be first provided. A first aid unit shall be provided for the operating and maintenance personnel. All the necessary safety kit including hand gloves, gumboots, aprons, helmets, safety goggles, etc shall be provided. Proper sanitation facilities, rest room, adequate plant lighting have already been provided all the safety aspects will be taken care during the construction phase.


Figure – 3.1 Process Flow Chart for Proposed Power Plant

Air Flow Steam Condenser

De aerator Feed Water Turbine Generator

AFBC Boiler Rice Husk Screening or Coal Crushing and Preparation

127512 TPA Rice Husk

ESP

Stack

Ash 5100 TPA from Rice Husk

Fly Ash 20402 TPA from Rice Husk

Flue Gas 8.6 lac TPA


Figure No 3.2


Figure – 3.3 Process Flow Chart for Proposed Ferro Alloys


Figure – 3.4 Process Flow Chart for Proposed Captive Power Plant


PROJECT RAW MATERIALS

INDUCTION FURNACE PLANT Under Implementation ) PRODCUTION CAPACITY: 100000TPA( Semi Finished Steel Billet, Ingot)

S. NO

Particulars Total (TPA) Source of Raw Material

1. Sponge Iron 90000 Local Manufacture 2. Pig Iron /Scrap 25000 Local Blast Furnace & Local Manufacture 3. Ferro Alloys 1000 Self 4. Pet Coke 1000 Imported or reject from Steel Plant

Ferro Alloys Plant (Proposed )

Production Capacity -3 X3.6 MVA Silico Manganese

S.NO Particulars Total (TPA) Source of Raw Material 1. Mn Ore 60000 MOIL, Nagpur ,OMC, Bhunashewar ,

Private Mines ,Balaghat (M.P.) 2. Sludge 6000 Self 3. Coke 15000 Imported or reject from Steel Plant 4. Coal 7500 SECL 5 Dolomite 10500 Local Mines in Bilaspur District 6 Paste 750 Local Manufacture

Raw Material for Coal Based Power Plant ( 25 MW)

Raw Material fro 15 MW ( Biomass based Thermal Power Project )

S. NO


1 Coal 158400 S ECL mines Kusmunda , Deepika, Gevra 2 Coal Middling

/Char/Dolochar 79200 From Local Sponge Iron Plant

3 Limestone Dolomite

792 Local Manufacture

S.NO


1 Rice Husk 142560 Rice Mill 2 Limestone

Dolomite 1188 Local Mines


CHAPTER - 4 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

(Physiographic Feature & Socio-Economic Aspect) 4.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY Topography of the region represents two broad divisions, the Northern being predominantly hilly region and the Southern predominantly plain country. The Northern region having a slope towards the South and Southern region having a general slope toward the South East. The general elevation of the plain of the proposed site in Raigarh district is about 222 M above MSL. 4.2 DRAINAGE PATTERN The study region fall under the Mahanadi River basin and its tributaries. The impact zone drained by two perennial river i.e. Sapnai river and Kelo River. Sapnai river origin 7 km East-North direction in Sapnai village and passing 2.5 km East direction flow toward South and finally confluence to Kelo River. Kelo River passing 3 km East from the project site and flowing from North-East to South and finally confluence to Hirakund Reservoir in Orissa Many other seasonal nalla are seen around the project site most which finally confluence in Kelo River. GEOLOGY Geologically the study area is typically under lain by the upper proterozoic rocks (cuddapah). This group includes sand stone, shale; silt stone limestone, and orthoquartzites. The floor of the basin in this sector is composed of horizontally bedded or very lop dipping lime stone and shale’s of cuddapah age and is studded with shallow cup like depression the North of the basin has a steep uneven edge, formed mainly of strongly bedded igneissic rocks with an East West strike and high dip Southward. Gondwana racks also occupy central and western part of Raigarh district. SOIL The study area comprises typical radish, deep brown soil. This soil is sandy loamy followed by hard sand stone and they have low water holding and retentive capacity and low fertility status. The soil is sticky and difficult to work unless tilled immediately after the first shower. HYDROLOGY In the hilly plateau region, the hard rocks are structurally deformed and are subjected to intensive folding and faulting. This reveals weathering to great depth, which is marked by extensive leterization. The coarse to medium grained and depth of weathering rocks varies from 10 to 50m and have secondary porosity. In these rocks area the water annually recharge by the monsoon rain. In such hard rock areas the ground water is mostly stored in shallow aquifer in the weathered zone the ground water of the study area 8 to 10 m below in pre monsoon season.


The Kelo River is main resource of water to fulfill the bulk requirement of project for industrial purpose other sources is to utilize ground water through bore well for drinking and bathing purposes. The ground water resource, net draft and ground water balance in the study area is given below: - Annual underground water recharge estimated at 10000 M3/Annum - Annual Rainfall above 1500 mm; total precipitation in 31415.9 Hectare (10 km

radius) is 47.12385 Million M3/year. - Net Water demand in Industrial Area is 2.73 Million M3/year. - Net annual ground water availability 19.86746 Million M3/year. - In lean season ground water table is reported at 8 meter below the ground level. 4.6 LAND USE PATTERN( as per the Govt records) Studies on “land use aspect” of ecosystem play an important role in identifying sensitive issues and to take appropriate action for maintaining ‘Ecological Homeostatic’ in the past and present development of the region. The objective of this assessment is to define the present environmental status of land use. Data on land use was collected from district census handbook and revenue record from local Tehsil office. Within Impact Zone (up to10 km radius): In study area land was classified under the heads: Forest, irrigated, un-irrigated, cultivable waste land and area not available for cultivation, village wise and zone wise land use pattern is indicated in Table 4.1 As per the land use study in the buffer of 10 km radius, a total 28012.49 hectare of land is under forest area is (4.04 %), land irrigated by source. 6.50 %, un-irrigated 50.79 %, cultivable waste land 6.14 % and area not available for cultivation is 32.77%. Which are also shown in figure 4.1 4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMICS ASPECT: The demographic features with socioeconomic status of the area were conducted based on the district census record 2001 and ground level information through survey. The following features were observed, as per table 4.2 Population: Total population within the study area is 138037 persons among this male constituent 50.43% (69621) and female 49.47% (68416) respectively. Literacy: 44.15% (40702) of the total population belong to literate category. Among this male constitute 66.20% (40355) and female 33.80% (20598) respectively.


Employment Status: Three categories of workers have been classified. They are main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. In all 45 villages in impact zone details of these workers village-wise is given in table –4.2. It is observed that 69.50% (39629) of the population are main male workers fully employed, while 30.50% (17385) are female main workers. Similarly marginally employed male workers are 19.77% (2215) and female are 80.23% (8986). 40.34 % (27688) male and 59.64 % female are found to be non-workers and unemployed. Agriculture and cultivation (66.78 % of main worker) form the prime occupation of the rural population. Rests are employed in construction, transport & trade, commerce and industrial activity. Sex Ratio: The sex ratio (female per 1000 male) over study site was 983 Population Density: In the impact zone it is 184 persons per squire kilometer no urban area falls in the study area of 10 km radius. Educational Facility: Fairly good education facilities are available in the study area. Mostly all villages have primary school; about 60 % villages have middle school and 48 % village have high school and higher secondary school. Degree College is situated at at Raigarh (which is the nearest town and a number of educational institutions such as primary, secondary and higher secondary school polytechnic college, Degree College, art and science college, technology institute etc. are available). Medical Facility: In the study area the medical facility available is one primary health center, which is located at ‘Garhumaria’ village. Beside, private medical practitioners and ayurvedic aushadhalay providing medical treatment to villager in several villages are available these are recognized by the govt. Raigarh town have district hospital and number of private hospital, nursing home and dispensary. Availability of Drinking Water: In most of villages the drinking water facility is provided by local authority (i.e. Gram Panchayat) by means hand pump, open dug well as well as bore well based centralized water tank. Market Facility: It is observed that about 60% villages have village bazaar once a weak. Approach: About 60% villages in the study area are approached by pucca road (metal). Remaining village connected with kachha road (non metal) Power Supply: Mostly all villages have providing electric power supply through Chhattishgarh State Electricity Board (i.e. CSEB). Human Health: It is observed that health status of the people in the study area is fairly good. According to the primary health center, ‘Garhumaria village’ indicate that the most prevalent diseases among the residents are diarrhea, amoebeosis, malaria, nutritional deficiency and diseases of upper respiratory system. Other disease such as tuberculosis, jaundice and joint pain have also been observed in the study area.


Animal Health: In the study area the animal health status is fair. According to veterinary hospital record situated at village Loing the prevalent disease are fever, cough and dermatological disease. The infectious disease are normally not seen. The local veterinary Doctor has indicated that the immunization program is continuing. However black quarter infectious disease is reported at Nawapara and Jamgaon village site. The other health problems are hormonal deficiency that result conception problem in the animal.


TABLE-4.1 : LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STUDY REGION- RAIGARH(as per the official Govt records)


(Area In Hectare)

S. No.

Village Name Total Forest land

Irrigated land

Un-irrigated land

Cultivable waste land

Area not available for cultivation

Remark

00 To 3 Km. 1 Nawapali 199.890 - 9.320 120.620 10.011 59.939 Rural 2 Kotarliya 508.538 0.842 - 376.664 84.343 46.689 Rural 3 Garh umariya 953.17 - 120.62 499.11 18.1 315.34 Rural 4 Boirdih 175.350 - 3.456 120.23 2.60 49.064 Rural 5 Sarabahal 147.430 22.031 5.346 40.730 10.310 69.013 Rural 6 Darramuda 259.650 - 18.350 160.810 9.800 70.690 Rural 7 Keshla 168.82 - 13.46 130.123 - 25.237 Rural 8 Dumarpali 255.704 - 15.175 157.175 - 83.354 Rural 9 Binjkot 252.64 - 8.76 187.17 2.73 53.98 Rural 10 Banora 576.490 - 81.391 379.208 15.211 100.68 Rural 11 Karichhaper 219.523 33.646 9.473 137.705 10.233 28.466 Rural 12 Solheona 280.961 - 45.275 43.295 - 192.391 Rural 03 To 7 Km. 13 Brijpur 153.67 - 3.28 117.202 2.17 31.018 Rural 14 Jhalmala 381.33 - 11.23 252.77 4.21 113.12 Rural 15 Jurda 480.625 25.341 2.649 370.093 6.23 76.312 Rural 16 Chitakani 35.320 - - 22.607 2.613 10.1 Rural 17 Pandripani 267.908 - - 196.196 8.231 63.481 Rural 18 Gopalpur 269.601 35.568 1.269 152.435 - 80.329 Rural 19 Bhikarimal 175.740 - 8.850 125.709 1.021 40.160 Rural 20 Chhuhipali 415.639 81.236 12.823 253.311 10.201 58.068 Rural 21 Tilga 1074.550 - 78.243 380.37 115.26 500.677 Rural 22 Manuapali 410.544 73.178 7.013 203.742 15.121 111.49 Rural 23 Kukurda 486.455 44.302 58.29 289.809 21.673 72.381 Rural 24 Sapnai 359.400 32.231 40.182 130.320 30.432 126.235 Rural 25 Kasaipali 135.59 - 4.546 111.33 - 19.714 Rural 26 Nawapara 284.299 - 10.084 207.024 3.56 63.631 Rural 27 Jamgaon 322.576 9.239 16.716 213.011 7.561 76.049 Rural 28 Badapali 606.760 79.31 3.4 137.69 81.05 305.31 Rural


29 Sahdiopali 153.94 - 2.09 188.16 0.68 33.01 Rural 30 Patel pali 409.09 -- 5.59 312.14 6.59 84.77 Rural 31 Jharmunda 253.70 16.41 15.34 113.71 9.79 100.43 Rural 07 To 10 Km. 32 Sambalpur 1171.060 65.46 6.410 250.280 201.540 647.370 Rural 33 Rangda 339.870 - 36.720 203.120 42.160 57.870 Rural 34 Gudgahan 298.380 - 30.160 180.730 10.150 77.340 Rural 35 Arbahal 319.150 32.160 4.580 130.040 20.180 132.190 Rural 36 Jharguda 253.750 17.520 21.510 120.170 8.520 86.030 Rural 37 Netwarpur 2785.370 201.050 125.030 480.02 300.00 1679.272 Rural 38 Regada 339.870 - 10.750 260.210 18.610 50.3 Rural 39 Balbhadrapur 948.34 70.05 13.189 235.49 85.9 543.711 Rural 40 Dumarmunda 295.350 - 17.358 182.75 4.19 91.052 Rural 41 Mindmid 457.42 - 40.79 280.27 5.32 131.04 Rural 42 Bhatalpali 244.66 - 15.125 182.36 - 47.175 Rural 43 Dhanuhardera 206.66 - 9.561 158.74 - 38.359 Rural 44 Netanagar 502.52 - 120.13 322.06 - 60.335 Rural 45 Kusmuda 139.96 - 20.12 100.02 - 19.82 Rural 46 Belaria 360.881 - 100.73 215.259 8.542 36.35 Rural 47 Basanpali 172.99 - 8.52 125.93 - 38.54 Rural 48 Ghutupali 165.65 - 7.62 120.71 - 37.32 Rural 49 Koylanga 352.635 57.603 101.21 143.244 2.704 47.877 Rural 50 Devbahal 122.3 8.72 1.456 75.12 5.25 31.754 Rural 51 Goverdhanpur 103.63 - 13.222 55.04 3.12 32.248 Rural 52 Baherapali 418.71 - 11.443 197.002 38.24 172.025 Rural 53 Chakradharpur 665.88 135.39 2.05 92.61 112.92 322.91 Rural 54 Ektal 411.56 - 6.23 250.88 - 154.45 Rural 55 Kotmar 262.890 4.230 36.540 100.630 16.460 105.030 Rural 56 Saraipali 366.260 - 80.090 100.380 80.730 105.060 Rural 57 Patrapali 496.630 - 31.510 252.340 76.720 136.060 Rural 58 Mahuapali 739.451 40.771 48.352 371.055 111.23 168.043 Rural 59 Loing 505.516 11.288 10.000 370.935 11.131 102.162 Rural 60 Kotrapali 200.427 - 1.200 146.563 - 52.664 Rural 61 Siarpali 271.013 22.904 6.252 167.448 7.895 66.514 Rural 62 Bishnathpali 251.880 - 8.062 177.294 - 66.524 Rural 63 Tarpali 675.450 2.054 31.76 301.023 32.123 308.490 Rural 64 Kosampali 169.803 6.681 92.847 10.522 2.552 57.201 Rural 65 Bhagwanpur 172.23 -- 66.22 64.43 18.58 23.00 Rural 66 Barmunda 191.21 -- 1.39 169.99 0.87 18.96 Rural 67 Kenapali 90.75 -- 18.49 67.76 0.03 4.47 Rural


68 Bahhar 127.22 3.90 0.41 36.27 5.02 81.60 Rural 69 Tadola 624.97 -- 27.72 516.21 -- 81.04 Rural 70 Baghadola 245.82 -- 5.75 170.96 -- 69.11 Rural 71 Darripali 146.10 -- 3.64 120.57 -- 21.89 Rural 72 Riyapali 54.29 -- -- 49.73 -- 4.56 Rural 73 Chhapara 450.36 -- 4.44 372.68 -- 73.26 Rural 74 Tengapali 114.63 -- 5.58 84.80 -- 24.43 Rural 75 Badimol 104.09 -- 5.04 85.34 -- 13.71 Rural TOTAL 28012.49 1133.12 1821.43 14229.5 1720.42 9180.24


TABLE 4.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE STUDY AREA RAIGARH S.No

Name of Village

Population Literacy Main worker Marginal Worker

None worker Cultivators Agricultural Labors

House Hold worker

Other worker

00 To 3 Km. M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 1 Boirdih 156 139 98 85 74 55 30 45 52 39 53 37 14 13 6 4 1 1 2 Nawapali 183 199 102 108 98 21 41 90 44 88 69 14 19 5 8 1 2 1 3 Gurguhan 309 285 236 169 173 122 77 105 59 58 123 82 33 31 13 8 4 1 4 Garh umria 1374 1414 661 303 797 228 5 5 572 1092 235 46 238 75 35 5 69 5 5 Darramurra 255 262 115 39 149 144 -- -- 144 172 59 66 60 74 7 6 1 6 Amlipali 114 94 55 17 60 -- -- -- 132 156 58 -- -- -- -- -- 4 -- 7 Dumarpali 356 371 166 87 208 142 -- 74 41 48 99 55 93 86 9 1 8 Kasla 359 361 301 234 201 162 107 148 51 51 142 110 40 40 15 8 4 4

9 Biswanathpali 307 333 185 93 195 7 1 106 111 220 116 5 69 2 2 --- 5 0 10 Binjkot 195 169 154 98 110 59 60 82 25 28 76 40 22 14 9 4 3 1 03 To 7 Km. 11 Aurda 924 905 89 35 97 28 -- -- 170 159 60 1 32 22 8 11 34 2 12 Chitakani 87 78 54 36 35 30 31 29 21 19 25 19 7 8 3 2 - 1 13 Pandripani 351 364 290 215 190 105 58 170 103 89 133 71 38 26 15 7 4 1 14 Bijepur 512 502 420 321 286 226 123 180 103 96 200 153 57 56 23 14 6 3 15 Chuhipali 319 300 138 65 66 3 - 70 110 108 51 3 - - 319 300 5 1 16 Belpali 233 218 142 54 130 38 -- -- 103 180 67 19 40 17 - 2 14 --


Continue table …………. 17 Bhikharimal 334 321 285 210 178 165 57 79 99 77 125 112 35 41 14 10 4 2 18 Mahuapali 155 147 111 67 92 68 -- -- 58 119 40 30 38 38 1 4 2 1

19 Kanjedabri 177 162 100 45 104 35 -- -- 73 127 22 3 57 31 -- -- -- 20 20 Gopalpur 448 467 310 291 215 201 90 165 143 101 150 136 43 50 17 12 5 3 21 Jhalmala 460 474 377 308 263 214 138 151 59 109 185 145 51 53 21 12 6 4 07 To 10 Km. ̀ 22 Mahuapali 437 451 350 298 250 150 82 180 105 121 176 102 49 37 20 9 5 2 23 Siarpali 380 310 296 196 264 186 42 65 74 59 185 126 53 47 20 11 6 2 24 Kotrapali 413 287 384 256 214 156 91 161 108 70 152 106 41 39 17 9 4 2 25 Kalmi 481 486 312 140 257 15 -- -- 120 10 90 4 - -- 36 -- 26 Patarapali 851 801 715 494 405 278 180 241 266 282 285 189 81 70 30 16 9 3 27 Tarpali 789 805 659 442 440 295 115 322 234 188 312 200 88 74 35 17 9 4 28 Gobardhanpur 425 412 339 250 216 144 136 189 73 79 153 95 42 36 16 8 5 5

29 Bijna 161 161 111 67 92 68 -- -- 69 93 40 30 38 38 -- -- 7 --

30 Loharsingh 677 646 389 207 387 201 - 2 290 443 152 25 187 151 21 21 20 3

31 Boirdair 1015 832 733 351 411 37 9 47 595 746 19 -- 17 -- 19 5 163 25

32 Rampur 53 52 13 1 32 - 5 34 16 18 4 - 25 - -- -- -- -- ……….


33 Jogitarai 289 289 133 88 161 68 9 37 119 184 95 30 55 37 -- -- 8 1 34 Kondatarai 1171 1186 664 336 612 51 7 202 552 933 201 6 212 14 36 1

8 66

10

35 Raigarh 51514 50375 27903 12640 29618 12332 360 5096 21536 32897 13735 4532 9326 6412 21049

36 Surri 505 481 559 294 484 142 5 105 145 161 264 60 164 69 2 0 11

2

37 Jampali 237 287 281 150 300 120 0 46 206 214 162 69 109 49 3 1 6 1

38 Dumarpali 231 211 133 86 148 71 -- -- 156 172 55 31 76 37 3 1 6 1 39 Kusumada 348 315 199 110 177 54 1 44 298 446 95 17 65 32 -- -- 1

3 4

40 Kasaipali 41 Nawapali 493 494 206 89 296 174 5 56 112 129 180 102 92 68 7 2 9 1 42 Chunkupali 137 126 65 20 83 64 -- -- 96 103 62 51 13 12 43 Ektal 264 304 190 177 137 120 92 139 35 45 97 81 26 30 11 7 3 2 44 kotmar 336 335 290 238 230 168 40 68 66 99 162 114 45 42 19 1

0 4 2

45 Loing 1005 995 853 626 573 348 214 398 218 249 404 326 114 87 45 20

10

5

46 kosampali 201 210 189 162 115 90 40 55 46 65 82 61 21 23 10 5 2 1 Total : 69621 68416 40355 20598 39623 17385 2215 8986 27688 40932 19270 7510 12015 8090 21879 5

64

589

134


Figure 4.1 LAND USE PATTERN AS PER GOVT RECORDS

1133.121821.43

14229.51720.42

9180.24

Forest Area

Irrigated land

un-irrigatedland

culturabewaste land

area notavailable forcultivation

CHAPTER -5

PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO (METEOROLOGY, AIR, NOISE, WATER, SOIL, ECOLOGY)

Baseline data generation of the following environmental attributes is essential in EIA studies.

� Meteorology

� Ambient air quality

� Ambient noise quality

� Surface and ground water quality

� Soil quality

� Ecology: Flora and fauna

5.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF IMPACT ZONE The area of impact zone invariably changes from project to project and depend

upon the nature and magnitude of activities. Generally the area surrounding 10 km. radius of project site is considered for establishing the impact zone for medium and large scale industrial activities the impact area are classified into three zone viz – � Core Zone: (proximate area) this area closest to the activity and

considered up to 3 km radius around the plant. In the core zone the impact from the activity is likely to be highest. There are 10 villages falling in this zone for the present project.

� Buffer Zone: Second zone is designated as moderately affected area,

which constitutes area falling within 3 to 7 km radius around the project site. In this zone 11-village fall which will have moderate impact.

� Third zone is designated as “least affected zone”, the area lying between

7 to 10 km radiuses is considered for this zone. About 27 villages fall in this zone. This are will have least affect from the proposed activity.

While generating the baseline data of physico-bio-chemical environment and socio-economic environment of the study area, the concept of impact zone has been considered. The impact zone selection is based on preliminary screening and modeling studies. For demography and socio-economics village-wise data has been collected and used for assessment. The salient features of the impact zone are given below.

5.2 METEOROLOGY (CLIMATE) The study region is endowed with sub tropical monsoon climate with three distinct season i.e. hot summer, moderate monsoon and short winter. The South West monsoon rain starts from June and continues till middle of September, while winter season start from November to February. Summer season extends from March to early part of June. Rainfall is major source of ground water recharge in the region which receive maximum (85%) rainfall during the South-West monsoon season. The winter rainfall is meager. The climatic details collected from nearest meteorological observatory is given in table 5.1

5.2.1 OBSERVATION OF CLIMATIC DATA

� Temperature: November and December, i.e. winter season in the area recorded daily minimum temperature around 13 0c and daily mean maximum temperature around 30 0c, May is the hottest month with daily mean maximum temperature at 43 0c and daily mean minimum temperature25 0c. In the remaining month temperature recorded with the daily mean maximum and minimum temperature is around 28 0c and 16 0c respectively. During the study period (i.e., April, May, June 08 ) the maximum temperature was found to be 46.1 0c and minimum was found to be 15.9 0c.

� Relative Humidity: The air is generally dry in the region except during

South West monsoon, the summer is dry with relative humidity 21 to 41%. The maximum humidity during rainy season is 86%. Highest humidity occurs during daytime and lowest values of humidity during night-time in all the month. During the study period the average lowest values of humidity were found to be 21 % and average highest values of humidity were found to be 52 %.

� Rainfall: The annual total rainfall is 1400 to 1600 mm. Over 85% of the

total annual rainfalls are received during the South West monsoon period i.e. between June to September. During the study period the total rainfall was 244.8 mm.

� Cloud Cover: In the study region clear weather prevails in most of the

time during post monsoon, winter and early summer season. Only during later part of summer and monsoon month, July, August and September moderate to heavy cloud are recorded.

� Wind Speeds: The wind speed ranges from 2.9 to 3.9 km/hour during

winter season and 4.7 to 6.7 km/hour during monsoon season. In the period of February, March and May the average wind speed is around 4.1 to 5.9 km/hour. During study period the average wind speed were recorded 6.8 km/hour i.e. 1.89 m/s.

� Wind Direction: The predominant wind direction in Raigarh is from

North-East in all the months except monsoon. The second most predominant wind prevails is from South-West direction during the

monsoon month (i.e. July, August and September). In the study period of April to June the most predominant wind direction fluctuates between NE and SE

5.3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (AAQ) To quantify the impact of the proposed project and of production process

activities on the ambient air quality, it is necessary at first to evaluate the existing ambient air quality of the impact zone (i.e. core zone as well as buffer zone). The criteria pollutant like – suspended particulate (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO) are monitored through a planned field monitoring within impact zone. Monitoring was carried out using RDS/HVS with special attachment for gaseous sampling.

5.3.1 LOCATION OF AAQ MONITORING STATION The objective of ambient air data is to assess the base line quality with respect to

assessing and predicting the environmental consequences of air emission from the proposed project. The determination of number of AAQ monitoring station was based on preliminary dispersion modeling computation and the availability of power and infrastructure to provide the AAQ. The number of AAQ monitoring stations for EIA purpose is fixed as per CPCB guidelines. The selected station will give the true and near to the correct situation of the AAQ in the impact area.

5.3.2 OBSERVATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY The study area represent rural environment and there is no other sources of

industrial air pollution. Ambient air quality monitoring station were setup at nine locations around the project site. Standard method and procedures prescribed by CPCB were used for ambient air quality monitoring and the adopted techniques are narrated below. The monitoring location are shown in table 5.2.

air quality measurements done by HVS/RDS with gaseous attachment in the

stations. Covering entire station is given in table 5.3 A & 5.3 C, along with the values of mean, Minimum and maximum.

As per above table, the air qualities of the impact zone are as follow:

In Nine ambient air quality-monitoring locations were identified for assessing

the baseline of existing pollution level and to predict the impact of purpose

industrial activity on the surrounding locations. It as found that 98 percentile

values of SPM were in the range of 247.8 to 293.8 µg/m3 and its mean value

varied between 174.44 to 185.33 µg/m3. Similarly for RPM, 98 percentile values

were found in the range of 67.72 to 76.6 µg/m3. The mean values were in the

ran6ge of 46.15 to 47.88 µg/m3.

For SO2, the 98 percentile values ranged between 15.24 to 18.17 µg/m3 and its

mean values were in the range of 9.43 to 10.38 µg/m3. Similarly for NOx, the

98 percentile values were found existing in the range of 16.79 to 19.61 µg/m3.

The mean values varied between 10.67 to 12.16 µg/m3. CO level in most of the place were found Below Detectable limits. Hence the same is not considered in the study.

TECHNIQUES FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

5.4 NOISE QUALITY In the industrial noise impact environment, noise is measured to assess its

detrimental effect on human and wild life. These include hearing damage, speech interference, annoyance and disturbance. For establishing the mitigation measures, collection and processing of data is essential. It is fact that noise interference with speech and hearing, may lead to misunderstanding/ inability to hearing warning sound etc. the ability to the listener comes to a level at which speech may not be understood in noisy environment. The speech comprehension is considered to be unimpaired as well as the background noise interference is at least 10 dB below the level of actual speaker’s noise. If two people are standing 3-meter apart, speech communication, with shouting can only occur as long as the interference noise is < 55dB(A). The speech level has to be raised if the noise level is between 55 to 75 dB(A). Verbal communication, with shouting can only occur with the noise level between 75 to 92 dB(A).The effect of noise and working efficiency are however, depend not only the quality of noise but also upon other variables such as task of an individual. Steady noise, without fluctuation, does not interfere with human performance unless weighted noise exceeds 90 dB (A).

The ambient noise standards in respect of noise as specified by the central CPCB

is given in below. These noise limit were specified in terms of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levels during a time interval and at location appropriate to specific noise source and condition

Parameter Methodology Technical protocol Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)

Gravimetric Method CPCB Notification 1994

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Gravimetric Method CPCB Notification 1994

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Modified weast & Geake method

CPCB Notification 1994

Oxide of Nitrogen (Nox) Jacob hochhesser method

CPCB Notification 1994

Carbon monoxide (CO) Gas chromatography CPCB Notification 1994

Noise Quality Standards Limit in dB(A) in -Laq Area Category area Day time Night time

(A) Industrial area 75 70 (B) Commercial area 65 55 (C) Residential area 55 45 (D) Silent zone 50 40

For 8-hour shift, the exposure level should be less then or equal than to 90dB(A)

and 50% reduction in time exposure is required for increase of every 3dB(A), for the range of 90 to 115 dB(A). In order to compare the noise monitoring data with the above standards, work zone is categorized as area-A as above and monitoring at villages is categorized as area-C.

For the measurement of noise level in the area the digital sound level meter, is

used. Frequency weighting network are designed in the equipment to meet the standard IEC 651 type –2. It has also got the facility with recording mode of A & C scale.

5.4.1 OBSERVATIONS OF NOISE QUALITY To assess the adverse effects on noise environment due to industrial activity in

this area, monitoring were carried out in respect of noise source monitoring, work zone noise level monitoring and ambient noise level monitoring

Ambient noise measurements were done at same location where ambient air

monitoring was carried out. The frequency of monitoring was twice a weak (at an interval of 15 seconds over a period of 10 minutes per hour) for 24-hour and compared with the national standards. The summery of computed noise level for all the sampling location are presented in table 5.4 A & 5.4 B

All noise levels observed at the nine locations are much below the national

ambient noise standards {55dB(A) during daytime and 45 dB (a) during nighttime for residential area category}

5.5 Water Quality The surface drainage system in the study area is perennial. The predominating

rivers is Kelo River. Physico-chemical properties of ground water as well as surface water resources

of the study area has been studied for assessing the baseline status of water environment and to evaluate anticipated impact of project. The sampling locations were identified based on drainage pattern of impact zone. Surface water quality monitoring was carried out at six locations during the summer season.

Sample of ground water were also collected from six locations in and around the

project site during the summer season. The samples were analyzed for selected parameter by using the standard method of APHA. The water sampling locations

are shown in the table 5.5. The analysis results are shown in table 5.6 A and 5.6 B. for surface and ground water respectively will compare to CPC B standard.

5.5.1 OBSERVATION OF WATER QUALITY As per above table, the surface water quality of Kelo River is good quality. The

pond water is also fair quality and in some surface water sample, presence of suspended solid content is higher. The ground water quality of the area is fair and dissolved solid content is on higher side. This is because of high calcium carbonate (hardness and alkalinity) content. In some ground water sample, chloride levels were found to be on higher side

5.6 SOIL QUALITY Soil sample from the impact zone from various depth were taken thoroughly

mixed and Homogenized using quartering and coning technique. The generally followed parameter of soil were analyzed in context of impact assessment; these are texture, PH and electrical conductivity (10% slurry), cat ion exchange capacity, bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, organic contents and NPK constituents. The soil were analyzed by using method by M.L. Jackson, which are prescribed by CPCB

Five soil sample from nearby villages and one sample from project site collected for determining the physio-chemical characteristics of the soil of study area. The soil sampling location are shown in the table 5.7, at each location soil sample were collected from three different depths, 1-5cm, 10-20cm and 40-50cm below the surface. The soils samples were homogenized and the quantity was reduced using the above mention coning and quartering method. The sample were packed in polythene bags and subsequently analyzed for relevant chemical parameters. The analysis result are presented in table 5.8

5.6.1 OBSERVATION OF SOIL QUALITY As per above table, the soil quality of agricultural fields of the study area is

sandy loam with little content of silt (<10%). The constituent of nitrogen (N) is very low (<200 kg/ha), phosphorus (P) is moderate to high and potassium (K) is mild to moderate (3.12 to 19.52 kg/ha.) levels. The cation exchange capacity of the soil is also moderate (5.0 to 19.0 meq/100 gm). On the basis of bulk density, water holding capacity and porosity. It may be conclude that the soil is suitable for water logging during monsoon. The soil is slightly acidic (pH 5.8 to 6.8) in nature and electrical conductivity is very low (< 1.0 us/cm) and do not have deleterious effect on growing of crops.

5.7 ECOLOGY: FLORA AND FAUNA Ecosystem has self-sustaining capability and controls the number of organism at

any level. The benefit of any development project can be substantially reduced or even lost by excessive and/or irreversible damage to the local ecosystem so ecological studies form an integral part of environmental impact and environmental management plan studies.

Along with the physical environment, the ecology has also been studied as an integral part of the present environment status. This study was also to predict the likely impact of the project on ecology so that appropriate mitigation measures can be taken. An ecological status of the area has been estimated by conducting reconnaissance survey and in addition secondary document/data were used.

5.7.1 CROPPING PATTERN: Mostly rain fed crop like- Rice (Oryza sativa), approx. 80%, Bajara (pennisetum

americanum), Bhutta (Zea mays), Jawar (Sorghum spp.), Kodo (Pas palum scrobiculatum) and common pulses spp. Incuding- Teory (Lathyrus sativus), Mung (Vigna radiata) Urd (Vigna mungoand) and Mater (Pisum sativum). Grain crop like Wheat (Triticum aestimum) is rarely cultivated. Oil seed crop: Groundnut (Arachis hypogea)) are common oil producing species at up land level cultivated and mostly villagers enjoy with Mahua (Madhuca indica) oil (known as Dori Ka Tel) Beside, sugarcane and several seasonal vegetable are also known to be cultivated sporadically.

5.7.2 FLORA: The district has about 3243.015 km2 of its forest cover areas, out of which

reserve forest is 1597 km2, protected forest is 580.998 km2 and 1064.402 Km2 area as unprotected forest respectively. Sal (Shorea robusta) is the dominant tree of the region. The hill Sal forests occur on the slope and upper reaches of the plateau mostly in the central and eastern part of the Raigarh Forest Division. Other predominating species being bamboo (Dendrocalamus), Saja (terminalia tometosa), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Char (Buchanenia lenzan) etc. Teak (Tectona grandis) mass plantation are seen low lying forest area. Around village site Mahua (Madhuca indica) is the predominate natural species and Mango (Mangifera indica), Imli, Jamun, Baniyan and Pipal, Kattha, Kauha etc. are the most common tree. The study area is still a good area as full of vegetation with a variety of plants of rural economic importance, for detailed list of flora please refer to table 5.9

5.7.3 FAUNA: The thick forests in the district provide an ideal habitats and niche of wildlife but

due to gradually increasing pressure of population and expansion of agriculture, the number of wild life has been greatly reduced. Representative fauna of the region are Leopard (Panthera pardus) are generally found in sheltered valley in larger forest block. Bear, Shambher, Spotted Dear, Nilgai etc are commonly seen in the forest. In the study site there is not found any endangered species as per “Red Data Book of India” for detailed list of flora refer to table 5.10

5.7.4 FISH: The rivers, streams, ponds and tank spread in the regions in which found variety

of fishes. The major fishes of the area are Rohu (Labeo rohita), Kattla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhina mrigla), Kalbasu (Labeo kalbasu), Silond (Silondio silondia), Attu (Wallago attu) and Singhan (Mystus seenghala). Other common fishes found in the regions are Catfish, Perch, Tilapia Magur,Terga, Mural,Punti, Sole and similar local variety.

TABLE 5. 1 : METEOROLOGICAL DATA OF RAIGARH (source –IMD Dist- Raigarh, 30 years average)

Temperature (in 0C) daily

Relative Humidity, %

Month

Max. Min. Max. Min.

Rainfall (mm)

Wind speed (km/hr

Direction (from)

Cloud cover (Oktas))

January 28.3 13.2 61 40 11.2 3.5 NE 1.8 February 31.6 16.0 53 30 15.7 4.1 NE 1.6 March 36.0 20.4 41 23 22.4 4.7 NE 2.0 April 40.3 25.1 38 20 13.8 5.1 NE 2.9 May 42.6 28.0 40 21 17.5 5.9 NE 3.4 June 38.0 27.1 63 50 199.0 6.7 SW 6.2 July 31.6 24.7 85 76 453.8 6.3 SW 7.3 August 31.1 24.7 86 78 494.5 5.9 SW 7.3 September 32.2 24.5 81 73 287.2 4.7 SW 6.3 October 32.4 22.0 71 59 49.1 3.9 NE 3.3 November 30.3 17.1 61 47 3.7 3.4 NE 2.1 December 28.2 13.3 62 44 4.1 2.9 NE 1.8

Table 5 (A) METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Month of April

Days

Temperature (0C)

Relative Humidity (%)

Rain Fall (mm)

Wind speed (km/hr)

Wind Direction

7 am 14pm

Evaporation in mm

Cloud Cover (Octas of Sky

Vapour pressure in

mm

Highest

Lowest

High-est

Lowest

Total

Mean I II Mean I II I II

1 38.1 21.0 50 20 0.0 3.4 00 32 8.0 0 0 11.8 9.2 2 37.8 19.7 45 17 0.0 4.4 05 05 7.7 0 0 9.3 8.5 3 38.2 19.3 47 07 0.0 3.5 36 27 6.8 0 0 9.1 3.4 4 38.6 16.6 45 07 0.0 4.4 00 27 8.6 0 0 9.6 3.6 5 38.2 15.9 46 08 0.0 3.2 00 29 8.0 0 0 8.4 3.8 6 38.8 18.4 52 23 0.0 3.2 00 18 6.8 0 0 10.7 11.0 7 38.4 22.0 55 27 0.0 4.1 14 18 6.5 0 2 13.6 12.9 8 38.7 24.0 47 35 0.0 4.7 23 18 7.6 6 3 13.0 16.9 9 37.8 24.9 65 26 0.0 4.0 00 25 5.8 2 0 17.5 13.7

10 39.7 22.1 67 12 0.0 5.7 25 18 8.6 0 0 16.1 5.7 11 39.0 19.5 35 09 0.0 3.5 00 34 8.8 0 0 7.9 4.2 12 37.6 18.1 39 08 0.0 3.5 00 34 10.6 0 0 8.1 3.9 13 37.5 17.8 66 09 0.0 3.5 00 25 8.0 2 0 13.0 4.6 14 39.4 19.5 57 17 0.0 2.6 00 27 7.7 4 6 11.8 8.6 15 39.0 26.1 57 23 0.0 4.9 25 27 8.7 2 6 15.6 11.9 16 40.0 25.0 51 18 0.0 7.1 00 27 10.0 6 4 14.8 10.4 17 40.8 23.5 62 14 0.0 6.2 00 36 10.0 6 4 16.1 7.9 18 41.2 24.6 49 11 0.0 5.3 27 36 9.2 6 4 14.2 6.0 19 40.2 24.2 49 24 0.0 4.5 14 29 9.0 3 6 13.4 11.4 20 37.7 23.6 48 22 0.0 4.4 20 27 6.8 0 0 13.9 11.8 21 40.0 24.3 54 17 0.0 6.2 23 25 9.8 6 2 14.5 9.8 22 40.5 22.6 47 18 0.0 8.4 23 23 11.2 0 2 13.0 10.4 23 41.2 23.8 51 19 0.0 5.9 00 32 10.5 2 3 13.4 10.9 24 41.2 23.8 42 18 0.0 7.0 27 32 11.3 6 6 13.6 9.4 25 40.0 25.9 48 29 0.0 5.4 23 14 11.5 8 4 13.6 11.1 26 35.2 20.0 91 25 2.0 8.6 14 23 6.0 8 0 17.3 11.2 27 37.2 22.3 63 16 0.0 4.7 00 25 8.2 0 3 16.0 8.9 28 40.2 22.5 48 19 0.0 6.3 09 23 11.2 3 2 12.7 10.2 29 39.9 23.3 52 28 0.0 4.7 18 27 9.8 0 2 13.7 9.8 30 40.0 23.8 57 29 0.0 8.3 23 20 11.4 4 2 14.9 13.5

Ave 37.8 21.94 52.83 18.5 0.066

5.05 8.8 2.44 2.03

12.8 9.1

Max 40.8 24.01 31.0 29.0 2.0 8.6 11.5 8 6 17.5 16.9 Min 35.2 15.9 35.0 7.0 3.4 5.8 2.0 2.0 7.9 3.4

Table 5 (B) METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Month of May

Days

Temperature (0C\)


Rain Fall (mm)

Wind speed (km/hr)

Wind Direction

7 am 14pm

Evaporation in mm


Vapour pressure in

mm

Highest

Lowest

Highest Lowest Total Mean I II Mean I II I II

1 37.2 22.1 74 35 6.0 7.9 23 20 12.9 4 2 17.1 15.5 2 36.8 20.9 83 44 10.8 7.5 05 20 9.1 0 2 17.9 17.4 3 35.7 20.6 82 32 1.6 6.5 00 23 7.0 0 0 17.9 13.8 4 35.8 21.0 71 28 1.0 10.0 00 23 10.5 0 2 15.8 10.9 5 34.2 23.9 66 21 0.0 6.2 14 29 8.4 6 3 16.2 10.0 6 38.4 22.9 59 22 0.0 7.7 18 32 9.7 6 2 15.7 10.7 7 39.0 23.8 65 25 0.0 4.6 32 27 10.5 8 4 17.5 12.6 8 39.2 24.8 48 19 0.0 3.8 23 27 10.1 2 2 14.7 10.8 9 42.2 26.5 45 16 0.0 5.7 00 36 9.3 4 2 14.7 9.1

10 41.6 26.0 33 09 0.0 3.4 27 29 8.5 0 2 10.9 5.5 11 42.2 22.7 38 08 0.0 5.4 14 27 12.4 0 0 10.9 5.0 12 42.6 22.3 32 04 0.0 5.7 00 29 11.4 0 0 9.5 2.2 13 42.0 23.2 28 08 0.0 3.8 18 36 11.1 0 0 8.5 4.9 14 42.9 23.5 31 06 0.0 5.1 00 27 11.7 0 0 9.3 4.2 15 43.7 24.0 33 09 0.0 5.1 00 36 10.2 0 0 10.0 5.6 16 43.7 26.4 31 13 0.0 4.1 27 32 11.4 2 3 10.5 8.7 17 44.8 24.3 28 10 0.0 6.3 25 05 13.1 0 2 10.5 6.8 18 44.8 27.5 33 13 0.0 4.7 25 36 11.0 0 2 12.1 9.0 19 45.0 28.6 38 21 0.0 4.8 23 27 12.5 2 3 14.2 14.1 20 44.6 28.8 55 16 0.0 7.4 23 27 14.0 0 4 20.1 10.5 21 43.8 29.6 45 17 0.0 7.8 23 25 12.4 2 2 16.9 11.2 22 44.0 28.0 47 20 0.0 8.5 27 27 13.0 0 0 17.5 12.6 23 43.8 30.8 43 13 0.0 9.2 25 36 13.7 0 3 17.1 9.5 24 45.8 30.8 36 14 0.0 11.1 27 25 14.8 1 1 14.8 10.1 25 46.1 32.3 36 19 0.0 5.5 00 25 15.7 0 1 15.8 12.9 26 44.2 27.4 53 20 1.2 9.0 09 29 13.1 0 2 17.9 13.0 27 43.2 30.0 47 23 0.0 6.1 29 25 12.0 0 2 17.2 13.6 28 42.4 28.0 47 23 0.0 12.4 00 29 14.0 6 6 15.4 12.0 29 41.1 28.0 39 23 0.0 4.6 25 36 11.5 1 7 14.2 13.0 30 41.2 26.0 68 25 1.8 7.5 23 20 8.6 5 4 19.7 14.2 31 40.5 3.0 41 17 0.0 2.8 00 09 8.0 7 2 14.4 10.2

Ave 41.69 25.76 47.58 18.48 0.67 6.45 11.3 1.67 2.07

14.7 13.3

Max 46.1 32.0 83.0 44.0 10.8 10.0 15.7 8.0 7.0 19.7 17.4 Min 34.2 20.6 28.0 4.0 1.0 2.8 7.0 1.0 1.0 8.5 2.2

Table 5 (C) METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Month of June

Days

Temperature (0C)


Rain Fall (mm)

Wind speed (km/hr)

Wind Direction

7 am 14pm

Evaporation in mm


Vapour pressure in

mm

Highest

Lowest

Highest Lowest Total Mean I II Mean I II I II

1 43.0 31.3 45 19 0.0 4.8 25 29 12.6 2 2 15.4 12.0 2 42.8 27.2 52 15 0.0 10.8 23 05 14.7 2 0 14.2 13.0 3 43.2 29.6 38 11 0.0 5.8 23 34 12.0 3 2 19.7 14.2 4 45.0 28.0 39 07 0.0 8.0 23 29 14.1 0 4 13.8 4.8 5 44.4 27.2 33 14 0.0 7.1 23 18 15.6 1 3 11.5 9.7 6 44.4 33.1 37 22 0.0 8.6 02 25 13.5 8 4 14.5 12.9 7 42.5 29.5 46 26 2.6 5.0 23 14 10.6 8 3 16.8 15.0 8 42.8 30.0 42 15 0.0 9.7 23 02 13.0 1 7 16.2 9.1 9 44.2 30.6 42 18 0.0 6.4 20 25 12.2 0 6 15.7 11.3

10 42.8 29.2 42 16 0.0 6.8 05 02 11.2 6 4 15.7 9.9 11 43.8 29.4 37 08 0.0 7.8 25 32 13.4 4 4 14.0 6.0 12 45.0 30.0 24 15 0.0 5.8 27 36 13.2 6 7 9.7 10.1 13 45.2 33.6 30 12 0.0 6.4 00 14 13.1 8 6 13.1 8.7 14 44.8 31.6 32 17 0.0 3.9 23 16 11.6 2 4 13.0 10.7 15 43.2 33.5 35 22 0.0 3.8 23 25 11.4 8 8 15.0 12.0 16 41.4 32.0 43 37 0.0 7.0 23 23 10.7 8 8 17.9 17.3 17 39.2 30.7 43 22 0.0 10.9 25 34 10.6 2 6 17.0 12.3 18 44.8 28.0 68 38 0.0 15.9 23 27 15.3 8 3 19.7 17.3 19 37.0 30.1 52 27 0.0 9.9 25 23 10.0 2 3 19.7 15.9 20 41.8 27.4 66 29 0.0 13.5 23 23 13.1 7 4 19.7 16.2 21 41.2 29.3 58 30 0.0 7.9 20 25 11.5 3 4 20.1 16.6 22 41.2 27.4 67 38 0.0 11.5 27 25 12.4 6 1 20.1 18.8 23 38.0 25.9 85 43 16.2 10.7 02 34 12.6 8 6 23.2 18.5 24 36.3 27.2 76 48 0.6 7.7 32 29 7.0 8 7 21.5 20.1 25 35.6 24.8 84 90 13.8 7.5 25 23 2.6 8 8 21.7 24.2 26 28.6 24.2 88 80 23.0 10.9 25 27 2.8 8 8 22.4 22.8 27 28.6 23.9 98 98 27.0 15.4 27 27 3.9 8 8 22.5 22.8 28 25.8 23.2 95 84 35.0 16.8 27 27 2.1 8 8 21.2 23.1 29 29.0 24.1 90 80 3.8 19.8 25 25 3.2 8 8 20.7 21.3 30 27.5 24.5 87 84 5.8 18.1 23 25 2.0 8 8 20.8 22.5 31 43.0 31.3 45 19 0.0 4.8 25 29 12.6 2 2 15.4 12.0

Ave 39.8 28.6 55.8 35.5 4.3 8.9 10.4 5.3 4.9 17.5 14.5 Max 45.0 33.6 98.8 98.0 35.0 19.8 5.6 8.0 8.0 23.2 24.2 Min 27.5 23.2 24.0 7.0 6.0 3.8 2.0 1.0 1.0 9.78 4.8

TABLE 5.2 : AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATION

Point Location (village name) Direction Distance A1 Plant Site A2 Garh Umaria NW 2 KM A3 Darramurra S 3 KM A4 Loing EN 2.5 km A5 Bishwanathpali ES 1.5 km A6 Pandripani W 2 km A7 Patrapali NE 7.5 km A8 Dumarpali WS 6.5Km A9 Aurda SW 5.5 km

Table5.3 (A)

Ambient Air Quality Around 10 KM proposed project Site-Month of April 2008 (Microgram /Nm 3)

S.No Name of Location SPM RPM So2 NOx

1 Near Plant Site

267.0 74.00 17.8 19.3

2 Garh Umaria

205.00 66.00 11.2 12.5

3 Darramurra

162.0 51.00 8.9 10.5

4 Loing

217.00 61.00 11.2 11.9

5 Bishwaathpali

169.00 44.00 11.9 13.3

6 Padripani

177.00 49.00 8.9 10.8

7 Patrapali

155.00 37.00 8.1 9.5

8 Dumarpali

107.00 25.00 7.1 8.7

9 Aurda

139.00 24.00 6.9 8.6

Minimum 107.0 24.0 6.9 19.3

Maximum 267.0 74.0 17.8 8.6

Mean 177.55 47.88 10.22 11.67

98%line 259.0 72.72 16.85 18.34

Table5.3 (B) Ambient Air Quality Around 10 KM proposed project Site-Month of May 2008 (Microgram /Nm 3)

S.No Name of Location SPM RPM So2 NOx

1 Near Plant Site

305.0 79.00 16.7 17.8

2 Garh Umaria

217.00 64.00 10.7 11.5

3 Darramurra

179.0 49.00 8.2 9.6

4 Loing

235.00 59.00 10.5 11.3

5 Bishwaathpali

176.00 47.00 10.7 11.5

6 Padripani

194.00 39.00 7.5 8.9

7 Patrapali

143.00 32.00 7.9 9.2

8 Dumarpali

98.00 27.00 7.2 8.4

9 Aurda

121.00 23.00 6.4 7.9

Minimum 98.0 23.0 6.4 7.9

Maximum 305.0 79.0 16.7 17.8

Mean 185.33 46.15 9.53 10.67

98%line 293.8 76.6 15.24 16.79

Table5.3 (C) Ambient Air Quality Around 10 KM proposed project Site-Month of June 2008 (Microgram /Nm 3) S.No Name of Location SPM RPM SO2 NOx

1 Near Plant Site

255.0 69.00 19.5 20.7

2 Garh Umaria

198.00 61.00 10.2 12.3

3 Darramurra

175.0 55.00 9.7 11.5

4 Loing

210.00 58.00 10.9 12.4

5 Bishwaathpali

175.00 46.00 11.2 13.9

6 Padripani

167.00 44.00 9.7 11.2

7 Patrapali

161.00 41.00 8.3 10.2

8 Dumarpali

102.00 25.00 7.5 9.2

9 Aurda

127.0 29.0 6.5 8.1

Minimum 102.00 25.0 6.5 20.7

Maximum 255.0 69.0 19.5 8.1

Mean 174.44 47.55 10.38 12.16

98%line 247.8 67.72 18.17 19.61

TABLE 5.4 AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY MONITORING RESULT

[All value in Leq dB(A)] Monitoring Location Day time Night time Category area Plant Site 62.7 54.2 Industry Garh umaria 59 45 Residential Loing village 57 49 Residential Bishwanathpali 55 47 Residential Patrapali 54 49 Residential Darramura 53 45 Residential Dumer pali 48 41 Residential Pandripani 49 40 Residential Aurnada 51 44 Residential

TABLE 5.5: SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOCATION Point Location (Village Name) Direction Distance Remark Surface Water SW1 Sapnai River NE 10. KM Stream SW2 Garh umaria NE 2.0 KM Pond

SW3 Siarpali EN 8.5 KM Stop Dame SW4 Kelo River NE 3.0 KM Stream

SW5 Katrepalia EN 5.0 KM Pond SW6 Darramurra S 1.0 KM Pond Ground Water GW1 Darramurra S 1.0 KM Hand Pump GW2 Siarpali EN 8.5 KM Bore Well GW3 Garh umaria NE 2.0 KM Bore Well GW4 Loing EN 8.0 KM Bore Well GW5 Raigarh NW 7.0 KM Bore Well GW6 Patrapali NW 8.0 KM Open Well * NR= Not Required

ITFC/REIA/RRPL/BMPP/Page 5.14

Table No 5.6 A: RESULT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY S. No. Parameter Unit Sw1 Sw2 Sw3 Sw4 Sw5 Sw6 A. Physical Characteristic 1 Temperature 0C 25.5 26.0 25.5 26.5 27.0 26.50 2 pH - 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.7 7.8 7.5 3 Conductivity Umho

s /cm 187 145 165 135 169 141

4 TDS Mg/l 49.00 47.00 58.00 66.00 58.00 67.00 5 TSS Mg/l 91.00 59.00 111.0 79.00 85.00 83.00 6 Dissolve oxygen (as DO) Mg/l 4.9 5.5 6.5 8.5 5.5 6.5

7 BOD Mg/l 5.0 6.0 5.0 8.5 6.5 7.5 8 Colour Hazen <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 9 Odour - ----------------------odoureless ------------ B. Chemical Characteristic 10 Total hardness (as CaCO3

) Mg/l 59.00 45.00 52.00 58.00 54.00 59.00

11 Total alkalinity (as CaCO3

) Mg/l 41.00 29.00 39.00 42.00 51.00 49.00

Chloride (as Cl) Mg/l 9.17 12.32 9.48 9..98 9.17 10.84 Fluoride (as F) Mg/l 0.03 0.38 0.098 0.04 0.08 0.071 12 Amm. Nitrogen

(as NH3-H) Mg/l 0.05 0.05 2.32 3.41 6.21 4.25

13 Nitrate (as NO3) Mg/l 1.12 0.55 0.47 0.09 1.86 1.91 14 Dissolve Phosphate(as

PO4) Mg/l 0.65 0.6.2 0.91 0.75 1.15 0.99

15 Sulphate (as SO4) Mg/l 2.09 1.32 11.45 9.45 8.36 10.56 16 Phenolic Comp. (as

C6H5OH) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

17 Oil & Grease Mg/l BDL 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.85 0.95 18 COD Mg/l 8 6 7 12 11 10 19 Calcium (as Ca) Mg/l 6.54 6.75 9.54 6.54 8.71 9.25 20 Kjeldahi nitrogen (as

NH3) Mg/l 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.0 5.0 2.5

21 Cyanide (as Cn) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 22 Mercury (as Hg) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Arsenic (as As) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 24 Iron (as Fe) Mg/l 0.76 0.55 0.51 0.05 0.08 0.61 25 Magnesium (as Mg) Mg/l 4.9 4.2 4.1 7.5 4.6 3.9 26 Lead (Pb) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 27 Zn (as Zn) Mg/l BDL 0.04 0.05 0.3 BDL 0.3 BDL= Below the detectable limit


Table No 5.6 B: Result of Ground Water Quality

(drinking water) S. No. Parameter Unit Gw1 Gw2 Gw3 Gw4 Gw5 Gw6 A. Physical Characteristic 1 Temperature 0C 25.0 25.5 25.0 25.5 25.0 24.50 2 pH - 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.3 3 Conductivity umho

s/cm 955 825 550 710 730 940

4 Turbidity NTU <1 BDL <1 BDL BDL <5 5 TDS Mg/l 246 331 245 340 290 280 6 TSS Mg/l 2100 1900 550 12.00 17.0 19.00 7 Dissolve oxygen (as DO) Mg/l 5.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 8 Colour Hazen <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 9 Odour - -----------------------odoureless--------------------------------- 10 Taste Taste -----------------------agreeble--------------------------------- B. Chemical Characteristic 11 Total Alkalinity (as CaCo3) Mg/l 212.0 222.0 105.0 136.0 191.0 162.0. 12 Total hard ness (as CaCo3) Mg/l 185.0 325.0 230.0 246.0 218.0 182.0 13 Calcium (as Ca) Mg/l 36.78 102.1 58.00 71.00 26.8 21.2 14 Chloride (as Cl) Mg/l 121.7 151.0 159.0 189.0 45.00 55.0 15 Fluoride (as F) Mg/l 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.25 16 Sulphate (as SO4) Mg/l 4.5 5.5 21.45 37.43 27.18 10.5 17 Nitrate (as NO3) Mg/l 7.0 23.50 9.17 8.5 8.5 33.45 18 Lead (as Pb) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 19 Selenium (as Se) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 20 Magnesium (as Mg) Mg/l 29.0 74.0 42.0 52.0 35.0 40.0 21 Arsenic (as As) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 22 Cyanide (as Cn) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 23 Mercury (as Hg) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 24 Iron (as Fe) Mg/l 0.2 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.21 0.27 25 Boron (as B) Mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.15 * Below the detectable limit

TABLE-5.7: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION Point Location (Village Name) Direction Distance Remark S1 Garh Umaria NW 2.0 KM Agricultural land

S2 Darramurra S 1.0 KM Agricultural land S3 Siarpali EN 8.0 KM Agricultural land S4 Padripani NE 8.0 KM Agricultural land S5 Loing EN 9.0 KM Agricultural land S6 Bishwanathpali ES 8.0 KM Agricultural land


TABLE NO. 5.8 : RESULT OF SOIL ANALYSIS (SUMMER)

S. No. Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

1 PH - 5.8 6.0 6.5 5.5 6.5 6.8 2 Electrical Conductivity Us/cm .09 0.85 0.45 0.5 0.05 0.06 3 Bulk density gm/m3 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.60 1.70 1.45 4 Water Holding Capacity % 35 42.00 45.00 39.00 40.00 46.00

5 Cat ion Exchange Capacity Meq/ 100gm 5.0 16.5 14.2 11.2 19.0 7.70

6 Porosity % 32 34.00 35.00 40.00 35.00 36.00 7 Organic Carbon (as OC) % 0.54 0.72 0.30 0.75 1.12 0.70

8 Available Nitrogen (as N) Kg/ha 135.10 132.72 192.14 186.52 159.1 162.5

9 Available Phosphorus (as P) Kg/ha 3.12 4.5 7.5 19.52 15.06 14.1

10 Available Potassium (as K) Kg/ha 75.00 214 132 105 192 145. 11 Iron (as Fe) % 0.3 0.25 0.35 0.2 0.35 0.40 12 Aluminum (as Al) % 0.2 BDL 0.42 0.95 0.35 0.49 13 Copper (as Cu) % BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 14 Manganese (as Mn) % 0.3 0.35 0.25 0.35 0.40 0.35 15 Zinc (as Zn) % 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.0041 0.0075 16 Co lour RB R B B B DB 17 Texture S L S L L S l SL L

RB - Reddish Brown, R-Reddish, B- Brownish, D B- Deep Brown S L - Sandy loam, L-loamy BPL - Below the detectable limit.


TABLE: 5.9: LIST OF FLORA OCCURING IN THE STUDY AREA.

Local Name Botanical Name Aam Mangifera Indica Amera Spondias piñata Arjun Terminajia arjuna Babul Acacia nilotica Bahera Terminalia belerica Bandhan Ougeinlia oojeinensis Bargad Ficus bengalensis Bakain Melia azedarach Bel Aegle marmelos Bhirra /Bhirwa Chloroxylon swietenia Bhorsal Hymenodictyon excelum Bija /Bijasal Pterocarpus marsupium Burju Bauhinia retusa Champa Michelia champaca Charaigoda Vitex leuooxylon Chichawa Albizzia odoratissima Dhaman Grewia tiliaefolia Dhaora Anogessus latifolia Dhabon/ Dhobin Dalbergia paniculata Dumar Ficus glomerata Garari Cleistanthus collinus Gamhar/Gamari Gmelina arborea Ghanto Schrebera swietenioides Ghui Ficus semicordata Gular Ficus glouerate Haldu Adina cordifolia Harra Terminalia chebula Imli Tamarindus indica Jamun Syzygium cumini Jhingan Lannea coromandelica Kadam Anthocephalus cadamba Kaith Feronia Limonia (Linn) Swingle

(Feronia elephantum Correa) Kala siris Albizzia lebbeck (Benth) Kalla Dillenia pentagyna (Roxb) Karam Adina Cordifolia (Hook. F) Karmi/ Kaim Mitragyna Parvifolia (Roxb) Karani Pongamia pinnata (Linn Pierre) Kardhai Anogeissus pendula (Edgew) Kari Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb) Karra Cleistanthus collinus Kasai Bridelia retusa (Spreng) Kekat / Kekad Garuga pinnata (Roxb) Kendu Diospyros melanoxylon (Roxb) Khairi Acadia lenticularis (Ham) Khamer Gmelina arborea (Linn) Khurdi/ Khursi Trewia nudiflora (Linn) Koha Terminalia arjuna (Bedd) Kokha Schrebera swietenioides (Roxb) Kullu / Kaugundra Sterculia urens (Roxb)


Kumbhi Careva arborea (Roxb) Kusum Schleichera oleosa (Lour) oken Laphua Albizzia chinensic (Merr) Dasore Cardia dichotoma (Frost.) Lendia Lagerstroemia parviflora Machkunda Pterospermum acerifloium Mahua Madhuca indica Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb.) Mako-kusuri Protium serratum Moyen Lannea coromandelica Mundi Mitragyna paryifolia Neem Azadirachte indica Neelgiri Eucalyptus globules labill Okharjam Syzygium heyneanum Padli Raderma-chera xylocarpa Palas Butea monosperma (Lamk) Taub Padar Stereospermum suaveolens Paker Ficus lacor Pipal Ficust religiosa Rasi/ Parsia Anageissus acuminata Potei Hymenodictyon excelsum Putri Croton oblongi folius Rai Dillenia pentagyna Rohina/ Rohan Soymida febrifuga Sagon Tectona grandis Saja Terminalia tonentosa Saliha / Salai Boswellia serrata Sarai/ Sal Shorea robusta Safed siris Albizza procera Semal Salmalia malabrica Sehha Lagerstroemia parviflora Shisham Dalbergia latifolia Shisoo Dalbergia sissoo Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Tetra Albizza odoratissima Tinsa Ougeinia oojeinensis Tun Toona ciliata


Small Trees Achar Buchanania lanzan Amaltas Cassia fistula Amti Antidesma diandrum Aonla Emblica officinalis Asta Bauhinia racemosa Bairi Casearia elliptica (Wild)

Casearia tomentos (Rxb.) Baranga Kydia calyicna Ber Zizyphus mauratiana Bhilwan Semacarpus anacardium Bikh-Tendu Diospyros Montana Char Buchanania lanzan Chour/ Chanhur Salix tetrasperms Chordhuwan Elaeodendron glaucum Chilho Casearia tomentosa Dagdua Oroxylum indicum Deogamhar Premna flavescens Dhanbo Casia fistula Dudhi Holarrhena antidysentrica Galagal/ Galgola Chochlospermum religiosum Ghont Zizyphus xylopyra Hundru Wendlandia tinctoria Jamrasi See chordhuwan Jamti Syzygium heyneanum Kachnar Bauhinia variegata Kakai Flaucourtia ramontchi Kamalagundi Mallotus philippensis Kathal Artocarpus hotereophyllus Kath Jamun Syzygium heyneanum Kathmohli Bauhina racemosa Khair Acacia catechu Kharhar Gardenia turgida Khurlu Gardenia gummifera Koinar Bauhinia purpurea Korkut Dillenia aurea Korya Holoarrehena antidysentrica Lodh Symplocos recemosa Maida/ Maidalakari Litsaea sebifera Mauna/ Mainphal Randia dumetorum Mugri Elaeodendron glaucum Popda/ Papra Gardenia latifolia Pendra Randia uliginosa Pharhad/ Pangar Erythrina suberosa Poyabaranga See Baranga Pula See Baranga Ratangaura See Chourdhuwan Salosihar Casearia graveolens Tewar Bauhinia malabarica Tilai/ Tilwan Wendlandia exserte Thua/ Thuar Euphorbia tirucalli Ainth Helicteres isora Akawan/ Aak Calotropis gigantean Aparmarg Achyranthes aspera


Baghmuta Pittosporum floribundum Baibirang Embelia tsjeriam cottam Bankapa Azanza lampa Bantulsi Eranthemum purpurascens Bariar Sida cordifolia Bhainsa-dahura Colebrookia oppositifolia Bhuineem Andrographis paniculata Borkakanta Acanthospermum hispidum Chakor/ Chukra Casisa tora Chhind Phoenix acaulis (Buch) Dhawai Woodfordiafruticosa Gokhru Xanbhium Strumarium Gursukri Grewia hirsute Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis Jirhul Indigofera cassioides Karantha Dodonia viscose Karonda Carissa opaca Kela Nusa sapientum Khirsali See Harsingar Khurlu See in small trees Korya See in small trees Lokhandi Ixora arborea Madhukamni Murraya paniculata Marorphali See Ainth Mothi Varnonia divergens Nirguni Vitex negunda Paink Moghaea chappar Patawa Hibiscus sabdariffa Putus Lantan camara Seasapoda See Baibirang Sindwair See Nirgudi


Climbers Bendo Butea parviflora Chahur Tinospora cordifolia Dhote/ Dhonto/ Dokerbel Ampelocissus latifolia Dodrangi Butea superba Dudhmogra/ Dudhi Cryptolepsis buchanani Garani Acacia caesia Gurar Millettia auriculata Kargikanta Asparagus racemosus Keonti Ventilago calyculata Kmach /Keonch Mucuna prurita kujuri Celastrus paniculata Malkangni See kujuri Nagbel See dudhmogra Palasbel See dondrangi Panila/Panibel Vitis. Guadrangularis Parhi Cissampelos pareira Patal kumhra Ipome digitataa Pitharoo Dioscorea bulbifera Raidaton Scheffera venulosa Rampawan Smilax zeylanica Ramdaton Smilax macrophylla Sihar Bauhiniavahlii


Grasses Bado punchi/Bodopunchi Echinochloa crusgalli

(Linn) Beauv Barru/Baru Sorghum halepense (Linn) pers Basna Tati Cymbopogon martini (Roxb) Wats Chero Imperata cylindrical (Linn) Beauv

(Imperata arundinacea Cyrill) Chorkanta Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz) Trin Chaurant Heteropogan contortus (Linn)

Beauv ex R & S Damra Setaria glauca (Linn) Beauv Donarghas Chloris dolichestachya (Lag)

(Chloris ineomplota Roth.) Dhodi Ghas Thysanolaena Maxima (Roxb) O. Ktz. Dub/Doob Cynodon dactylon (pers) Chodapunchi Aristida setacea (Rotz) Jheepa/Jheeepo Echinochloa colonum (Linn) Link Kakai See Dodhighas Kansi/Kan Saccharum spontaneum (Linn.) Kodo Paspalum serobiculatum (Linn) Marbel/Marwel/Marvel Dicanthium annulatum (Forsk) stapf Phulbahari See Dodhighas Pudlusi/Podlasi/Padlasi/Bhurbhusi Eragrostis tenella (Linn) Boauvex Roem & Schult. Rantha/Ratha Themeda quadrivalvis (Linn) O. Kuntz Rusa See Basnatati Sabai Eulalippsis binata (Retz.) Sukra/Sukla See Churant BAMBOOS Desibans Bambusa tulda (roxb) Katang bans Bambusa arundinacea (Willd.) Pahari Bans/Bans Dendrocalamus strictus (Nees) PARASITES Amerbel Cuscuta reflexa (Roxb) Banda Dendrophthoe falcate (Linn) & Flting.

(Syn-L. Longifdorus desr.) Banda Orobanchae cerune Banda Orobanchae aegyptiaca Banda String lutea Gurbel Viscum orientale (Willd)


Table 5.10 : REGIONAL WILDLIFE SCENARIO OF RAIGARH CIRCLE

S. No. Local name English name Zoological name Occurance of

wild life in the

study area

A. Mammals 1 Tendua Panther Panthera pardus nil 2 Chital Spotted Deer Axix axix nil 3 Shamber Shamber Rusa unicular nil 4 Bherki /Kotri Barking Deer Muntiaecus muntjak nil 5 Neelgai Blue Bull Baselaphus trago camelus nil 6 Gaur Bison Bos gaurus nil 7 Jungli Bhaisa Wild Buffalo Bublus bubalis nil 8 Jungli Suar Indian Wild Boar Sus scrofa occassional 9 Porcupine Indian Porcupine Hytrix indica nil 10 Bandicoot Bandicoot Bandicota indica yes 11 Rat Field Mouse Ratus norvegicus yes 12 Kharha Common Hare Lepus deyanus yes 13 Kharha Hare Lepus ruficaudatus yes 14 Chausingha Four Horn Deer Tetracerus quadricornis nil 15 Bear Slot Bear Malursus uesinus nil 16 Lomari Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis yes 17 Chamgadar Bat Pteropus giganteus yes 18 Monkey (Black

Mouth) Langur Presbytes entellus yes

19 Monkey (Red Mouth)

Langur Semnopithecus entellus yes

20 Bheria Wolf Canis lupus occassional 21 Jungli kukur Wild Dog Cuon alpinus occassional 22 Bheria Wolves Canis pallepes occassional 23 Lakar Baggha Hyena Hyana striata nil 24 Lakarbagha Hyena Hyaena hyaena nil 25 Gilhari Stripped Squirrel Funamblus pennadi yes 26 Neola Common Mangoes Herpestes edwardsi yes 27 Siyar Jackal Canis aureus yes


B. Reptile 28 Medak Common Frog Rana tigrina 29 Toad Common Indian Toad Bufo melenastricus 30 Chhipkali Wall Lizard Hemidectylus brookies 31 Sanpki Bamhani Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor 32 Manger Crocodile Crocodylus polustris 33 Ajgar Indian Python Python molurus 34 Saanp Rate Snake Ptylus mucosus 35 Karait Common Krait Bungarus caeruleuss C. Birds 36 Jungli Murgi Grey Jungle Fowl Gallus sonnerati 37 Jungli Murgi Red Jungle Fowl Gallus ferrugineus 38 Crow Jungle Crow Corvus mcrorybchus 39 Myna Indian Myna Acridothras tristis 40 Mour Peafowl Pavo cristalus 41 Painted Patridge Francolinus pictus 42 Sand Grouse Pterocles exustus 43 Kabooter Green Pigeon Crocopus chlorogester 44 Kabooter Rock Pigeon Columbia livia 45 Goraiya Domestic Sparrow Passer domesticus 46 Ring Dove Streptopelia decacto 47 Rose Ringed Parakeet Psittacula cremmari 48 Owl (Ullu) Born Owl Aquilla rapex 49 Common Swallow Hirundo rustica 50 Pond Heron Ardeola grayli


Figure – 5.1

Wind rose Diagram for the Month of April


Figure – 5.2 Wind rose Diagram for the Month of May


Figure – 5.3

Wind rose Diagram for the Month of June


Table 5.11-A : Physical Properties of Waste

Density (gm/CC)

Sample

Bulk (b) Particle (P)

Porosity Present p - b [-------] X 100 p

Slag 1.79 2.89 38.1 ESP Dust 1.72 3.31 48.0 Char/Dolochar 0.68 1.36 50.0 Coal 1.00 1.51 33.8 Fly Ash 1.05 2.19 52.0 Table No .5.11-B : Chemical Properties of Waste 1:2 Waste Water Extract analysis ( Meq /100gm)

Sample pH EC mS/cm

Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+ Cl - NO3 - PO4

- SO4- HCO3

- Slag 7.3 0.06 0.42 0.79 0.19 0.16 0.52 0.11 0.005 0.35 0.65 ESP Dust 8.8 1.23 14.7 2.95 0.28 0.44 0.52 0.08 0.012 12.1 2.29 Char /Dolochar

10.0 0.26 2.52 1.91 0.13 0.23 0.80 0.09 0.009 0.56 1.97

Coal 6.8 0.25 1.68 0.73 0.45 0.11 0.52 0.11 0.007 1.46 0.65 Fly Ash 7.9 2.06 11.3 15.7 1.3 0.79 3.67 0.09 0.09 16.2 1.97

Table 5.11-C Cation Exchangeable Properties of Waste

( Meq /100gm) Sample Ca++ Na+ K+ Slag 0.62 0.53 0.12 ESP Dust 20.5 0.89 1.82 Char /Dolochar 10.6 1.55 1.19 Coal 4.79 1.30 0.62 Fly Ash 5.84 2.96 3.24

Table No 5.11-D Organic Carbon and Water Holding Capacity

Sample Organic carbon ( %) Water Holding Capacity (%)

Slag 0.85 39.6 ESP Dust 0.08 41.3 Char /Dolochar 2.52 53.9 Coal 6.79 38.6 Fly Ash 0.57 45.4


CHAPTER- 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

6.1 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS Evaluation is an absolute term used for assessment and prediction by means of

numerical expression or value. Assessment is the process of identifying, and interpreting the environmental consequences of significant actions. Prediction is a way of mapping the environmental consequences of the significant action.

Significant action depicts direct adverse changes caused by the action and its

effect on health of biota including flora, fauna and man, socioeconomic conditions, landforms and resources, physical and cultural heritage properties and quality of biophysical surroundings.

The following methods and resource have been used for impact assessment

• Field Survey • Guidelines And Modeling • Literature • Expertise

The categories of environmental effect and their associated impact used for

impact identification are provided in table 6.1. Impact assessments are based on conceptual notions on how the universe acts that is intuitive and /or explicit assumption concerning the nature of environmental processes. In most cases the predictions consists of indicating merely whether there will be degradation, no change, or enhancement of environmental quality. In other cases, quantity-ranking scales are used. The selection of indictors is crucial in assessment because impact are identified and interpreted based on impact indicator. An impact indicator is parameters that provide a measure (both where as some qualitatively while quantitatively) of the significance and magnitude of the impact. In India, indicator criteria are developed by the CPCB in the form of primary water quality criteria, biological water quality criteria and national ambient quality criteria for noise and air.

The impact of the proposed project on the environment have been considered

based on the information provided by the proponents and data generated at the site. The environmental impacts have been categorized as long term or short term and reversible. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project activity while secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced. These typically include the associated investments and changes pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed action. The construction and operation phase of the proposed project comprises various activities each of which have been considered to assess the impact on or another parameter. Cause- condition- effect network was devised for major environmental components that are a road map type approach toward identification of different level effects. By adopting


the network method, which involves understanding of the cause-condition –effect relationship between an activity and environmental parameter, the identified impacts were assessed as positive (beneficial impact) or negative (adverse impact).

6.2 CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASE IMPACT Construction phase: during the construction phase the following activity

considered significant.

�� Site preparation �� Excavation and backfilling �� Hauling of earth material and wastes �� Piling and drilling �� Mixing of concrete and mortar �� Concrete construction �� Fabrication of steel structure �� Erection of steel structure �� Road construction �� Painting and finishing �� Cleanup operations �� Landscaping and Green Belt Plantation.

During the construction phase activities the project will have significant impact

on the socio-economics & demography, noise quality and ambient air quality, but insignificant impact on the surface water quality and ecology of the study area. However all the impact of construction phase will be short term.

Operation phase: during the operation phase, the following activities are

considered significant. �� Raw material transportation and handling �� Atmospheric emissions due to plant operation �� Noise generation �� Water use and waste water discharge �� Solid waste generation, handling and disposal �� Employment generation

The operation of the project will involve discharge of pollutants into the

atmosphere due to raw material handling and usage. There will be wastewater generation, generation of solid wastes and mechanical noise. An assessment of the quantitative changes in the various environmental components is therefore essential for predicting the impact. Operational activities will have impact, either short term or long term and reversible or irreversible on ambient air and noise, surface and ground water, land, socio-economic and cultural environment.


6.3 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT Dust will be the main pollutant affecting the ambient air quality of the

surrounding area during the construction phase. Dust will be generated during excavation, back filling and hauling operation and vehicular movement of trucks, dumpers and construction machinery. Providing suitable surface treatment to ease the traffic flow and regular sprinkling of water will reduce the dust generation significantly. Short term, localized and reversible impact is expected due to fugitive dust emission generated during construction stage.

During the operation stage, raw material will be brought by trucks/ conveyors

and unloaded in the storage yard by means of tipplers. From the storage yard, the material will be directly reclaimed and conveyed to ‘day bins’ on the respective unit by means of conveyor belts. Fugitive dust will be generated due to raw materials transportation, screening, crushing and handling activity. Bag filters will be installed in raw material handling system to arrest the fugitive emission of dust. Wherever installation of such device is not feasible, the fugitive dust will be controlled by using water sprays.

The point source emission in the proposed project comprises FBB,CFBC,

INDUCTION FURNACE, Ferro Alloys plant. Dust bearing gases from FBB & CFBC will be treated in an ESP. the efficiency of ESP will be around 99.5% and the outlet concentration of particulate mater will be around 50 mg/Nm3.

6.3.1 ESTIMATION OF GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION (AIR QUALITY

MODELING): The estimation of maximum ground level concentration of dust and noxious

gases emitted from various stack calculated based on emission characteristics using US-EPA based software package named ISCST-3 for air dispersal modeling. Emission characteristics and stack details are given in table no 6.6

The highest top six expected values of particulate matter, SO2 and Nox along

with coordinate of occurrence are shown in table 6.2 and isopleths of receptor are also presented in figure 6.1,6.2 and 6.3.

Contributions from the project are 5.84, and 1.42 �g/Nm3 for “Particulate Matter

and SO2” respectively. The background ambient air results obtain by physical monitoring surrounding project site. The average highest values were 185.33 and 10.38 �g/Nm3 for SPM and SO2 respectively.

As per above table the highest incremental values are 5.84 and, 1.42 �g/Nm3 for

“Particulate Matter and SO2” on imposing the values on the background ambient values, the ambient air quality even worst possible condition will be 191.17 and 11.8 �g/Nm3 for SPM, SO2 and NOx respectively.


6.4 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT Construction activities are likely to produce maximum noise levels, up to 85

dB(A). The construction activity will be carried out mostly during daytime. During the construction phase of the project, there will be noise generation from earth moving equipment and material handling traffic. The noise generation level will be confined within the surrounding area of construction site and unlikely to affect the area 500m away from the site. There will be short term, localized and reversible impact on ambient noise levels during the construction activity.

During the operation phase high noise from turbines, air compressors, are

expected, but it will be confined within the plant boundary that has sufficient large area. The sound pressure generated by noise sources decreasing with increasing distance mainly due to wave divergent (attenuation).

The turbines and air compressors will be installed in closed room. The highest

noise level will be from turbo generator, which will be order of 95-105dB(A) at 1 meter away from the source. The noise levels will decrease with increase in distance from the source mainly due to wave divergent. By using noise prediction model, the significant noise levels at certain distance can be predicted. The predicted noise levels at a distance of 500 m, 1000m and 1500m distances from the source would be 51, 45, and 42 dB(A) respectively.

Therefore it could be concluded, that the impact on ambient noise due to the

project will be marginal at plant boundary and remain within the stipulate criteria of noise standard prescribed for industrial area.


6.5 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT With respect to water environment, two aspects are generally considered in EIA.

The availability of raw water and effluent that will be disposed. The first priority in the water quality assessment is to maintain and restore the desirable level of water quality in general. Thereafter, the requirement of ‘best designated uses’ is considered. For major organized community uses of water, three important uses are commonly recognized i.e. 1) raw water used for Domestic community water supply, 2) outdoor bathing at mass bathing reaches and 3) irrigation.

In the proposed power plant air cooled condenser is proposed. Hence the water

consumption will be much low. The remaining water requirement is mostly for make up steam and critical equipment parts like bearing etc. indirect cooling purposes and hence the pollution load in the wastewater will be relatively less. The project is designed on total water re-circulation system. During the operation stage, the entire waste water will be re-circulated and not discharged out side the premises. The re-circulation will be through a number of settling tanks and storage sumps. The treated water will be used for ash quenching, irrigation on Green Belt.

The storm water drains of the project will be separate from the waste water

drains. During the rainy season, the storm water will be use for rain water harvesting and also recycling the collected water in the project to the best extent possible. The surplus rain water will be, passed through silting tank then drained out into near by Nala, which ultimate joins the Chhote Kelo River. Due to huge dilution available in the stream during rainy water season, discharge of storm water into the rivers will not affect the quality in any significant manner.

Keeping in view the fact that the project will not discharge any waste water

outside the premises directly or indirectly into nearby streams or nallas, there will be insignificant impact on the surface water and ground water.

6.6 IMPACT ON SOIL QUALITY The construction activity will be done on the acquired site and no additional land

will be used for the purpose. Hence localized and reversible impact is expected on the quality of land during the construction stage.

The project will generate solid wastes, mostly in the form of ash, water treatment

sludge. The soil quality of the site and surrounding is sandy loam red brown colored lateritic nature. The soils have low permeability. The cat ion exchange capacity of the soil is moderate (4.7 to 18.8) the infiltration rate is slow during the post and pre monsoon time. The CEC are moderate and leachate cation are most likely to be exchanged by the soil and hence very little of it will percolate down at a very slow rate.


Another manner in which the soils of the nearby areas will undergo changes is due to the deposition of dust containing metallic oxides and ash. The impact will however be insignificant because of low SPM emissions from the project. Over long-term deposition, the soil quality is likely to undergo perceptible changes which will be in long term and irreversible in nature.

But this impact may be considered positive as in many places the farmers have

been dozing rice husk ash in to their fields to improving the soil quality. 6.7 IMPACT ON LAND USE PATTERN The project will not require acquisition of any additional land. Therefore the

predicted impact on land use pattern of the site will be insignificant 6.8 IMPACT ON ECOLOGY The impact on the flora of the area due to the operation of the project will mainly

occur from the deposition of pollutants through air medium. Dust affects the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem individually and synergistically with other pollutants. Chronic and acute effects on plants and animals may be induced when the concentration of pollutants exceeds threshold limits. The dust particle depending upon the size and weight settles down at varying distances on vegetation and soil surfaces in the prevailing wind direction. Deposition of dust on soil alters the physical and chemical character of soil. It may contain heavy metals, also which may leach out in the soil and hamper plant growth at higher concentration. The pollutants normally contaminate the food chain and may create health problems to the organism at the higher tropic level. Foliar deposition of dust interrupts gaseous exchange through stomata clogging; thereby affecting plant growth .The growth reduction and unfavorable alterations in different plant parameters under the stress of dust pollution can be described in the following manner.

�� Quantitative and qualitative changes in solar radiation impinging on the

leaf surface and alterations in the energy exchange process of leaf due to dust deposition.

�� Decrease in chlorophyll level and injury to chloroplast. �� Interruption in gaseous exchange due to shading of cuticle and clogging

of stomata by dust. �� Dust induced alterations in pH and other physico – chemical properties of

soil supporting plant growth.

The emission of suspended particulate matter from the stacks will be limited to 100 mg/Nm3. The incremental GLC values are not likely to induce any significant changes on the flora of the study area. The fugitive emissions from raw material storage and handling and slag disposal sites (dump yard) generated during dry season can add to the impact in to the nearby areas. These fugitive emissions will be controlled using water sprinkling. There will also be some emissions of SOx and NOx from the proposed project. NOx and SOx are not


considered to be of major concern as phyto-toxicants, since several studies suggest that concentration sufficient to injure vegetation would be far above known or monitored ambient levels. The gaseous pollutants are unlikely to create any adverse impact on the vegetation because SO2 and NO2 are Phyto-Toixicant at much higher level.

USEPA air quality criteria for SO2 stipulate 0.2-ppm level when visible injury to

sensitive vegetation in humid regions after 3 hours exposure is observed. This corresponds to 524- �g/m3. In another criteria, level 0.5-ppm SO2 level (1310 �g/m3) for 1-hour exposure results in visible injury to sensitive vegetation in humid regions. At higher SO2 concentration of 10 ppm (26214 �g/m3) visible injury to vegetation in arid regions is observed. Such high ambient air concentration of sulphur dioxide, that is 524 �g/m3, is highly improbable to occur in the study area around the proposed project.

USEPA air quality criteria for NO2 stipulates 2 ppm level when foliar injury to

vegetation at 4 hours exposure is observed. This corresponds to 3760 �g/m3. At a lower NO2 concentration of 0.25 ppm (470 �g/m3) during the growing period decrease of growth and yield of tomatoes and oranges are observed. Such high ambient air concentration of nitrogen dioxide, that is 470 �g/m3, is again improbable to occur in the study area

6.9 PREDICTION OF IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH The project site is surrounded by about 62 villages, which fall in 10 km radius of

the plant. The immediate vicinity (up to 2 km aerial distance) of the project site has six villages, namely Kotarlia (West) Kotmar(North), Siarpalli (East) Karichaper (North East) Mauhapalli(South East) and Loing (south west)The population distribution around the project site is given below.

Aerial distance from site

00-03 Km 03-07Km 07-10 Km

Number of villages 12 19 31 Population 14,757 15760 27134

The wastewater from the project will not be discharged outside into any streams

or land. The noise will be confined within the plant boundary. No toxic chemicals will be handled in the project. Therefore there is no chance of any leakage of chemicals or accidents. The solid waste will be used for filling of low lying area and road making and ESP ash will be used for making bricks or wasteland reclamation. FBB, ESP ash will be supplied to cement plant. The water treatment plant sludge will be stored in a pond inside the plant premises and on drying will be used for land filling or Brick making. Exposure dust SO2 and NOx may impact public health. Air quality dispersion modelings predict that the ambient air quality of the impact zone would remain well within the prescribed standards. The ambient air quality standard prescribes pollutant levels that will affect public health and other adverse affect where as as per modeling prediction the contribution of SPM to the AAQ will be less then 1 .0 �g/Nm3.


Therefore, there will be insignificant impact on the general public health of the people residing around the project site.

CO: The carbon mono oxide gas is reported to highly toxic to life system. During the study the CO levels were tried to assess in the Ambient Air. But in most of the place it was found below Detectable limits. Because the region at present has wide spread out and little industrial activity, which cause CO emission. at present the level sources of CO emission are domestic fuel and auto emission. Since the region having very low Traffic density and domestic fuel is mainly wood and Kanda (Cow Dung-Upala) to the CO level could not have been buildup. In the proposed project also the chances of CO generation through stack very less because the FBBwill be fired with 10 % excess air. So practically the CO emission will not be significant. In view of the CO level impact has not been considered in the present study.

The factual position is validated by prescribed ambient air quality criteria

(AAQC) developed by USEP AAQC are cause-effect- relationships observed experimentally, epidemiological, or in the field, of exposure to various ambient levels of specific pollutants as shown in table 6.3

6.10 IMPACT ON DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS Establishment of any industrial project leads to socio-economic changes. Large-

scale influx of population leads to change in economic status of the community, as well as has bearing on culture too.

The peak labour force will be 300 during the construction period of 18 month

.The bulk of labour force will be unskilled /semi-skilled who will be recruited from the surrounding villages. In order to prevent the degradation of physical and aesthetic environment, proper sanitation facility and other basic facilities like drinking water supply and sewerage will be provided.

Demographic profile of the area will undergo significant changes after this

Project. More and more people will come from other places in search for business and employment. There will be significant positive impact on the overall socio-economic pattern of the area during the construction and operation stage of the project. About 100 people will get permanent employment during the operation stage of the project. More and more amenities like educational facility, health centers, recreation centers, etc, will come up in the area along with several other infrastructure facilities.

Large beneficial impacts in terms of gross economic yield will accrue on account

of the proposed project. The gross economic yield will increase through increase in high economic group and subsequent market multiplier effect. The benefits


accrued will be obviously substantials in local as well as in regional context and go a long way in improving the quality of life of the local people.

6.11 EVALUATION OF IMPACT For evaluating various environmental parameters namely physical, biological,

aesthetics and human components. Environmental impact evaluation of the proposed project was conducted. Functional relationships have been developed for each parameter relating with environmental quality. A checklist has been used for assigning importance weight for each parameter by an interdisciplinary team of experts from different fields. Ranked parawise comparison technique has been used to arrive at the parameter importance unit (PIU). Figure 6.4 indicates the parameters and corresponding assigned PIU.

Impact evaluation has been accomplished through the use of functional

relationship according to Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES). Functional relationships also called value function curves refer to geographical means of transforming environmental data (baseline and predicted) into subjective evaluation. Objective measurements are presented into a subjective interpretation of Environmental Quality (EQ). The transformation of a parameter estimate into environmental quality is achieved through the use of value-function curves, which relate to the various levels of parameters estimated to the appropriate levels of environmental quality. An index is calculated in terms of Environmental Impact Units (EIU) for each parameter and for different environmental conditions.

(EIU) j = (EQ) ij (PIU) j where (EIU) j is the EIU for jth subgroup (EQ) ij is the EQ for ith parameter for the jth (PIU) j is the PIU for jth parameter The environmental parameter have been identified for proposed project activities

and distributed into four categories. The changes in EIU have been calculated for baseline as well as environmental status without Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and after implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and presented in Table 6.4

6.12 OVERALL IMPACT: Welfare of people and providing good quality of life is

the main function of policy planning in each sector of the economy. However the human concerns vary from place to place time to time. Overall impact of the proposed project is likely to be beneficial to the society at large. However the positive impact will accrue only after implementation of proper environmental management plan given in the next chapter. The beneficial impacts due to the project are employment, revenue generation, income generation, creation of additional markets for agro and rural products as well as welfare activities in the field of education, health, communication and transportation and Infrastructure facilities. The positive economic output will improve the overall quality of life of


people living in the region. A summary of the overall impact of different environmental components is presented in Table 6.5


TABLE 6.1: IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT DUE TO INDUSTRIAL PROJECT

Project Activities

Affected Resource and value

Potential Impact

Site clearance Land/Human use Ecology Quality of life

�� Loss of trees and flora and fauna habitat �� Noise, vibration and dust nuisance �� Interference with existing network of

services �� Increase in erosion/sediment deposition

Construction camp establishment

Ecology Human use Quality of life

�� Friction between workers and local Population

�� Increased pressure on local Services �� Water pollution from sanitary and Other

wastes, Establishment of Quarry and Borrow pit and Spoil disposal area

Ecology Land/human use land Quality of life

�� Loss of and displacement from productive land

�� Loss of sensitive habitat/vegetation cover. �� Generation of noise and dust nuisance,

vibrations �� Visual alteration in landscape quality. �� Increase in erosion/sediment deposition. �� Increase in slope instability. �� Waterborne diseases.

Mobilisation of Plant and heavy machinery

Human use Quality of life

�� Overloading of road structures and damage to pavement.

�� Inducement of traffic congestion and road safety hazards.

Haulage of materials

Human Use Quality of life

�� Overloading of road structures and damage to pavement

�� Increase of noise and air pollution �� Increase soiling of roads and road safety

hazard Construction of earthworks

Land Human use Water Quality of life

�� Increased land instability �� Increased erosion /sediment deposition. �� Interference with aquifers �� Interference with natural drainage pattern. �� Interference with services/infrastructure �� Visual alteration in landscape

Construction of civil structures

Water Quality of life

�� Noise and vibration nuisance from driven piling.

�� Water pollution waste water from bored piling.

�� Noise & gaseous pollution due to welding and gas cutting for the steel fabrication.


Base course surfacing

Air pollution

�� Air pollution from asphalt plants/hot mix plants

Operation of the project

Quality of life Air pollution Noise Pollution Land Contamination

�� Increase in air, noise and water pollution. �� Increase in solid waste generation. �� Pollution from spillage /surface run-of. �� Disturbance to flora and fauna. �� Loss of trees resulting from increased

access. �� Increase land values threatening

agriculture �� Increased access threatening traditional

communities. �� Pressure on resources from unplanned

ribbon development. �� Interference with traffic flows and

increases in congestion of connecting roads.

�� Increase in road safety hazards


TABLE 6.2 HIGHEST VALUES FROM GLC CALCULATIONS

FOR SPM: CONC OF SPM IN MICROGRAMS/M**3 ** NETWORK GROUP ID AVERAGE CONC RECEPTOR (XR, YR, ZELEV, ZFLAG) OF TYPE GRID-ID - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ALL 1ST HIGHEST VALUE IS 5.84553 AT ( 11000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 2ND HIGHEST VALUE IS 5.47452 AT ( 12000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 3RD HIGHEST VALUE IS 5.19747 AT ( 13000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 4TH HIGHEST VALUE IS 4.84061 AT ( 13000.00, 11000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 5TH HIGHEST VALUE IS 4.56688 AT ( 14000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 6TH HIGHEST VALUE IS 4.18315 AT ( 12000.00, 11000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA FOF SO2: ** CONC OF SO2 IN MICROGRAMS/M**3 ** NETWORK GROUP ID AVERAGE CONC RECEPTOR (XR, YR, ZELEV, ZFLAG) OF TYPE GRID-ID - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ALL 1ST HIGHEST VALUE IS 1.42716 AT ( 13000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 2ND HIGHEST VALUE IS 1.34967 AT ( 14000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 3RD HIGHEST VALUE IS 1.22790 AT ( 15000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 4TH HIGHEST VALUE IS 1.18597 AT ( 12000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 5TH HIGHEST VALUE IS 1.11895 AT ( 16000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA 6TH HIGHEST VALUE IS 1.03802 AT ( 7000.00, 10000.00, 0.00, 0.00) GC CRIDA


TABLE 6.3 USEPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY CRITERIA (CAUSE-EFFECT- RELATIONSHIPS) Level in ppm

Level in �g/m3 (Approx)

Exposure time

Observed human symptoms

For Particulate Matter (Dust) N/A 2000 2 Hour Discomfort N/A 1000 10 min Direct respiratory mechanical changes N/A 180 - Increased respiratory disease symptoms N/A 110 24 hour Increased respiratory disease risk For SO2 400 1x106 -- Lung edema, bronchial inflammation 15 4x104 1 hour Decreased, mucociliary activity 10 26200 10 min Bronchospasm 5 13100 10 min Increased airway resistance in healthy adults at

rest 1 2620 10 min Increased airway resistance in asthmatics at rest

and in healthy adults at exercise 0.5 1310 1hour Visible injury to sensitive vegetation in humid

regions 0.19 500 24 hour Aggravation of chronic respiratory disease in

adults. 0.07 180 365 days Aggravation of chronic respiratory disease in

children. For NO2 300 5.7x105 Rapid death 150 2,8x105 Death after 2-3 weeks by bronchitis (Bronchiolitis

fibrosa obliterans) 50 9.4x104 Reversible, non – fatal bronchitis. 5 9420 15 min Impairment of normal transport of gases between

blood and lungs in healthy adults 2.5 4710 2 hour Increased airway resistance in healthy adults. 2 3770 4 hour Foliar injury to vegetation. 1.0 1890 15 min Increased airway resistance in bronchitis


TABLE 6.4:

EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF THE PROJECT

Description PIU Baseline (A)

Without EMP (B)

With EMP (C)

Change after EMP

Overall change (C-A)

I. Environmental Pollution Air 225 125 180 135 45 -10 Water 150 75 115 80 25 -5 Land 80 30 70 40 20 -10 Noise 45 20 30 26 4 -6 Sub total (i) 500 145 385 326 89 -31 II. Biological Environment Terrestrial 100 50 60 45 15 -5 Aquatic 50 15 30 16 14 -1 Sub total ( ii) 150 65 90 61 29 -6 III. Aesthetic Environment Sub total (iii) 150 65 75 105 35 +40 IV. Human Interest (Socioeconomic Environment)

Sub total (iv) 200 65 65 95 30 +25

TABLE 6.5 SUMMARY OF OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Description PIU Baseline

(A) Without EMP (B)

With EMP(C)

Change (C-B)

Change (C-A)

Environmental Pollution

500 145 385 326 89 -31

Biological Environment

150 65 90 61 29 -6

Aesthetic Environment

150 65 75 105 35 +40

Human Interest (Socioeconomic Environment)

200 65 65 95 30 +25

Total 1000 340 615 517 98 +28 � Positive impact of 28 points will only accrue. If the suggested Environment

Management Plan is fully implemented.


TABLE No. 6.6 INPUT DATA FOR GLC PREDICTION BY ISCST3 MODELLING SOFTWARE AND STACK DETAILS

Stack No.

Stack Descript6ion

Emission Rate (g/s)

Stack Height

Internal Stack Diameter

Stack Gas Velocity

Stack Gas Temp.

SPM SO2 (m) (m) (m/s) (0K) C-1 Chimney for

Biomass Captive Power Plant

17.16 4.32 73 2.4 9.0 433

C-2 Chimney for Semi Finished Steel Induction Furnace Plant

0.306 Nil 20 0.8 2.4 433

C-3 Chimney for Ferro Alloys

1.39 Nil 20 1.0 1.9 433

C-4 Chimney for captive Power Plant

22.15 9.6 65 2.4 9.0 433


Figure No. 6.1

GLC Concentration for R,R, Energy Ltd (SPM)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200000

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


Figure No.6.2 GLC Concentration for R,R, Energy Ltd

(SO2)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 200000

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000


CHAPTER-7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 INTRODUCTION Environmental management plan (EMP) is aimed at mitigating the possible

adverse impact of the project thereby ensuring at best the existing environmental quality of an area. The EMP covers all aspects of planning, construction and operation of the project relevant to environmental aspects and impacts. It is essential to implement the EMP right from the planning stage and continuing throughout the construction and operation stage. Therefore the main purpose of the environmental management plan (EMP) is to identify the project specific activities that would have to be considered for mitigating the adverse effect of the project.

The genesis of pollution load has been assessed from the project description. The

silent characteristics of pollution are shown in table 7.1. The details of the pollution control devices have been described in chapter 2 and chapter 3

7.2 EMP CONSIDERED DURING PROJECT PLANNING. The following environment factors have been appropriately considered during

the project planning stages.

1. FBB technology for biomass based power generation: Fluidized Bed Boiler (FBB) technology has been implemented for power generation in future based on rice husk,. This technology has the flexibility of using 100% rice husk and with or without small percentage of coal fines in various compositions with better conversion. This will reduce the solid waste impact from the plant

2. Induction Furnace: The furnace will be fitted with smoke hood & bag filters for arresting the small portion of particulate likely to be generated during initial charging of metal scrap.

3. Ferro Alloys Furnace: The furnace will be fitted with smoke hood & bag filters for arresting the

small portion of particulate likely to be generated during smelting. A gas cooling mechanism with air cooling system will be provided to cool the gases before cleaning in the bag filters.

CFBC technology for 25 MW Coal based captive power generation: Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler (CFBC) technology shall be implemented for power generation in future based on coal/char-dolochar & washery reject. This will help to remedify many sponge iron plants of the area to get rid off the lean calory waste, disposal of which is known to be a problem. Air cooled condesors will be provided for saving water.

Zero wastewater discharge: The entire wastewater generated from the

project will be reutilized keeping zero discharge outside the factory premises. All blow downs regeneration effluent of DM plant will be neutralized and used in dust suppression and ash quenching. Sanitary and


domestic wastewater will be sent to septic and soak pits and over flow will be used for Green Belt irrigation.

4. Reduced air emissions: High efficiency Electrostatic precipitators and

bag filters will be installed at all points’ source emissions. The particulate emission from BMPP will be limited to 50Mg/NM3 compared to the National Emission Standard of 150 mg/Nm3. The fugitive emissions from other sections of raw material handling plant (RMHP) will be collected and treated in Bag Houses.

5. Solids waste utilization: Rice husk ash will be used for brick making as well as for giving this to farmers for land application. Coal based power plant ESP dust/Fly Ash will also be used in brick making road making and filling in low-lying area. CFBC ash will be given free for PPC cement production.Surplus ash will be disposed in Ash pond. The ash pond will have the Hi concentration slurry disposal system to avoid any fugitive dust generation as well as to save water.

7.3 EMP CONSIDERED DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE. Land Environment: the following measures will be considered during the

construction phase of the expansion of the project to minimize the impact on land environment. �� Minimal clearance of vegetation covers at the site. �� Appropriate disposal of the material generated during construction as

soon as possible. �� Minimizing the chance of creating possibilities of soil erosion by

properly compacting the backfill area. �� Ensuring that drainage pattern of the area remains unchanged after the

construction activity is over. Restoring the land surface in a manner consistent with the contour conditions as it was prior to the activity will do this.

�� Removal of all discarded or surplus materials litter and other debris from the site and other working areas in a proper manner so that the site is left in a clean condition.

Air Environment: dust will be the main pollutant to the ambient air quality of

the surrounding area during the construction phase. Dust will be generated during excavation, back filling and hauling operation and vehicular movement of trucks dumpers and construction machinery. Providing suitable surface treatment to ease the traffic flow and regular sprinkling of water will reduce the fugitive dust generation significantly. Short term localized and reversible impact is expected due to dust emissions generated during the construction stage.

Noise Environment: the noise generated during the construction phase will be

due to the movement of construction equipment and earth moving. By keeping provision of noise isolators / silencers at equipment and machines will minimize the impact. Protective /Safety equipment like Earmuffs and Earplugs will be provided to workers in the noisy areas.


OTHER SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS • Site preparation: Clear demarcation of site for establishment of

expansion plants. All disturbed slopes created during the site development will be stabilized before the onset of monsoon. Water sprinkling will be done regularly to control dust nuisance. Adequate drainage facilities including catchments pits and sedimentation basin will be prepared to drain the construction water.

• Facilities for construction labour: The construction workers will be mainly from nearby villages thus will be encouraged to carry their lunch from home. The workers will be provided with proper sanitation and drinking water facilities at the site. Necessary safety equipment will be provided to ensure their safety at work.

7.4 EMP CONSIDERED DURING OPERATION PHASE During the operation phase: The project will contribute to environment

pollution in the following manner. 1. Atmospheric emissions (a) dust being the significant pollutant and (b)

gases being the Non-significant pollutants. 2. Noise pollution 3. Water pollution 4. Solid waste disposal (ash being the significant pollutant)

7.4.1 Air Pollution Prevention and Control Measures : During the operation stage, raw material will be brought by trucks and unloaded

in the storage yard. From the storage yard, the materials will be directory reclaimed and conveyed to ‘Day Bins’ on the respective units by means of conveyer belts. Fugitive dust will be generated due to fuel material transportation, storage and handling activity thus water sprinkling proposed during conveying and Bag filters are proposed at transfer points.

ESP is proposed to arrest the dust emitting along with flue gas from the 25MW

Coal based power plant. The specific characteristics of ESP and bag filter installed in various proposed units are given in table no 7.2. Based on the SO2

likely toRaw Material Handling System: the fugitive dust emission due to rice husk, coal fines, sponge iron, pet coke, manganese ore and limestone/dolomite fine from the stockpile of raw material and fine dump in the open area will we controlled by dust suppression (DS) system by routine water sprinkling. The coal storage will be covered. The other fugitive dust emission sources such as material transfer points, etc will be equipped with dust extraction (DE) system of adequate capacity and conveyer belt will be covered. DE system will comprise of Bag filters unit complete with ducts, extraction fans and stack of appropriate height (20m height). The SPM emission after the bag filter will be limited to 50 mg/Nm3.


Control of point source emission from FBB & CFBC: Flue gases generated from FBB & CFBC will be taken to dust settling chamber

and then will be taken to ESP before discharge through 73 m tall stack. The out let SPM concentration will be restricted to 50 mg/Nm3.

7.4.2 NOISE POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL * All major operations will be confined within their respective covered shed with

skirt boards or with side louvers. This will limit the noise penetration to outside areas. • By selecting low noise prone equipment. • By dampening the vibrations. • By isolating the noise prone unit from the working personnel s̀

continuous exposure. • By administrative control (providing ear plugs/earmuffs and ensuring that

no plant personnel is over exposed to noise) The following provisions will be adopted to keep the noise levels at minimum

and reduce its impact on the surrounding areas. • Provision of silencers /mufflers in the compressor room AC ventilation

unit and other noisy areas. • Provision of vibration and acoustic treatment of the turbine room in the

design • Provision for the anti vibrating pad on the turbine generator pedestals. • Regular preventive maintenance of pumps and other rotating equipment. • Reduction of the existing forces e.g. Reduction of impulsive forces

balancing of moving masses reduction of frictional forces by proper alignment and lubrication.

• Reduction of the response of various components of the system to the above forces e.g. by application of vibration damping materials to the radiating surfaces.

• Providing appropriate sound absorbing material in a room where both the source and receiver are present so that the reflecting sound will be absorbed.

• Installation of Induction panel in eco proof room with sound attenuating walls.

• Ferro Alloys furnace arcing noise will be attenuated by maintaining the proper charge burden over the arc zone. Also the Furnace will be installed in shed with louvers so that reflective impact of sound is not experienced.

• Plantation of Green Belt in the periphery of the plant as well as within the plant, in all the open area and on internal Road side avenues.

7.4.3 WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL The prevention and control of water pollution aims at conserving the make-up

water by recycling around 98% of the circulating water. Estimated make-up water for the project is around 250 m3/day. The entire wastewater from the


project will be reused and there will be no discharge of wastewater outside the plant premises. The water system of the project comprises the following.

• Air cooled condensation system. • Re-circulating cooling water system. • DM water system (DM water for boiler) & Soft water system (R.O.

system proposed). • Drinking water system from Filters & R.O. system will be obtained. • Air cooled cooling tower and boiler water system (air cooled cooling

tower) and boiler blow down will be used also for recirculation. • Emergency water system (to cool vital parts during transition period) • Treated waste water will be used for Coal quenching, slag quenching ,

Ash quenching & for brick making, as well as for dust suppression • Sanitation water system (treated wastewater will be used for green belt.) • Fire water system (treated wastewater will be used in fire hydrants) • Dust suppression system (boiler and cooling tower blow downs will be

used for water sprinkling over stockpiles and other fugitive emission sources)

• Greenbelt development (treated domestic wastewater will be used) 7.4.4 WATER USE/REUSE SCHEME FOR PROPOSED UNITS About 10 m3/hour of make-up water will be required. 28 m3/day waste water in

the form of boiler blow down and cooling tower blow down and DM water backwash is likely to get generated. The entire quantity will be used in the above said manner to maintain zero discharge.

7.4.5 FINAL ACTION PLAN FOR WATER USE / REUSE The project has been planned in a concept where the entire quantity of

wastewater will be reused and none of this will be allowed to go outside the plant premises. The blow downs from boilers and DM plant will be collected in a tank/ sump, neutralized, settled, cooled and used for gardening purpose. Provision will be kept to use any surplus blow down whenever available for dust suppression measures and filling of hydrants. Use of fresh water for dust suppression measures greenbelt development and fire hydrant will be restricted only to emergency situations. The domestic wastewater will be taken to septic tank and soak pit; over flow will be used in irrigation on lawn Green Belt

The water balance of the existing and proposed project is provided in table 7.3.1,

7.3.2 and Flow diagram of water balance for entire project is shown in figure 7.1. 7.4.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The types of solid waste along with the approximate quantities (in tones per

annum) that will be generated from the total project are given below. Solid waste Biomass power plant: about 66TPD of Ash solid waste in the form

of rice husk ash and support fuel coal will be collected at the ESP & bottom ash will be collected at bottom ash hopper of power plant. Dust collected from bag


filters of material handling section shall be used for brick making or road making or back filling in around the plant.

Solid waste from Coal based power plant The fly ash collected @ 375 TPD

from CFBC ESP & Bottom Ash hopper shall be given to cement plants for PPC production and for brick making. The surplus will be disposed in the Ash pond of about 4 hectare land with HCSDS.

Solid waste from Induction Furnace & Ferro Alloys plant: About 6000 Tonnes of Ferro Alloys will be recycled in the Ferro Alloys unit the

remaining 24000 tonnes slag along with 10000 tonnes slag from Induction furnace will be used for brick making in the plant itself. The brick plant capacity will be increased for this purpose. Ferro Alloys & Induction furnace sla are also found very good for road making & land filling, use of this also will be promoted.

7.5 LAND USE PLAN WITHIN THE PROJECT About 17 hectare existing land will be used for expansion also. The internal land

use within the project site will be as follows after expansion: 1.AREA UTILIZATION STATEMENT ITEM EXISTING PROPOSED

EXPANSION TOTAL AREA

BUILT UP AREA 5266 1549 6815 YARD 5900 0 5900 WATER STORAGE

2710 1085 3795

SUBSTATION 1500 0 1500 ROADS & PLATEFORM

2800 240 3040

GREEN BELT 11000 40000 51000 ASH STORAGE AREA

5412 3744 9156

OPEN SPACE 135412 88794 88794 TOTAL AREA 170000 7.6 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT It is proposed to plant green belt in about 33% area for which the 10 m wide

greenbelt planted all along the project boundary will be further improved . The available open space wil be used for green belt. The green belt will also be planted in the adjoining public road.The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the source of pollution and the surrounding areas. The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated apart from improving the aesthetics. Green vegetal cover is not only pleasing to the eyes but also beneficial in many ways. Such as retention of soil moisture, prevention of soil erosion, of ground water and moderation of microclimate. Another important role of green belt relates to containment of air pollution. Besides acting as a carbon sink certain species of plants even absorb


the pollutants while others can thrive in polluted atmosphere. Green belt are thought to be effective because green belt plants form a surface capable of sorbing air pollutants and forming sink for pollutants. Leaves with their vast surface area in a tree crown, absorbs pollutants on their surface. Often the pollutants are incorporated in metabolic stream and thus the air is purified. Plants grown in such a way as to function as pollutant sink are collectively referred to as green belt. Rising of green belts with right type of species can serve as a useful buffer to contain the menace of pollution from different sources.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT Apart from morphological features affecting the plant response to pollutants the

other important considerations in optimization of green belt development include distance from the source of pollution and dispersion of pollutants under different atmospheric stability conditions. Two types of approaches can be adopted the source oriented and receptor oriented while designing green belt. Both these approaches have their own advantages and limitations. It is generally felt that the source-oriented approach is advantageous where a single industry is situated and the pollutants emitted are to be contained. The source-oriented approach has been considered here for development of green belt. While tolerant species are adopted for design of green belt the following aspects are also considered

• The Agro-climate zone and suitable species • The soil quality • Distance width and height of green belt with reference to pollution source • Density of plant crowns • Availability of saplings • Tolerance to local conditions • Fast growth • Capacity to endure water stress and extreme climates • Large biomass • Improving waste lands

The planning commission has recommended a scheme for agro-climate

classification of the country. According to this scheme there 15 agro-climate regions in the country and each of these regions are further sub-divided into 68 sub-zone based on detailed agro climatic features such as natural resources soil type rainfall general climate conditions and topologies (land productivity level relative pressure on land environmental factors) The study area (Raigarh District) falls under agro-climate zone VII-The Eastern Plateau and Hills Sub-zone 1 Eastern Plain with dry sub-humid climate medium to deep black red and yellow soils.

DESIGN AND SELECTION OF PLANTS FOR GREEN BELT: The green belt will be designed in three-tier system and about 2500 trees will be

planted per hectare. In the first few inner rows facing the industry shrubs and bushy herbs will be planted in about 10 m width. Trees will be planted in the outer rows as per width available, smaller trees in the first few rows, followed by taller trees in the last few rows. Adequate space will be kept between the trees,


spacing will depend upon the shape of crown, conical crown will require less inter-spacing than oblong and round crowns.

The plant species that will be considered for green belt development are

presented in table 7.6 The list specifies about trees suitable for growing around the project site and appropriate selection of the species will be done based on availability and proven tract record. Greenery will be also developed in open space available around the industry, Surrounding individual units, along roadside and around residential habitats. Social forestry will also be undertaken in surrounding rural areas in consultation with the State Forest Department and rural community, village Panchayat.

Standard practice will be followed for planting of saplings in pits of substantial

dimensions 1 m x 1 m x 1 m for big trees and almost half of these dimensions for smaller trees and shrubs. The pits will be filled with earth, sand, silt and manure, in predetermined proportions. Saplings planted in the pits will be watered liberally. The growing plants will be cared for the first three years under favorable conditions of climate and drainage. Care will be taken for nutrient supplement (healthy growth) plant protection, absence of water stress (to maintain openness of stomatal apertures and epidermal structures) and exposure to normal atmospheric conditions (free air flow)

For sorption of dust and gaseous pollutants the following plant rice husk

characteristics will be considered.

• Longer duration of foliage • Adequate height and spread of crown • Openness of foliage in canopy • Big leaves (long and broad laminar surface) supported by firm petioles • Large number of stomatal apertures • Well exposed stomata (in level with general epidermal surface) • Abundance of surface on bark and foliage through roughness of bark

epidermal outgrowth on petioles abundance of auxiliary hairs or scales on laminar surface and protected stomata (by wax arches rings hairs etc)

For plantation along approach roads and roadsides the choice of plants will be

for containment of pollution and for formation of a screen between traffic and other units. This choice of plants will include shrubs of height 1 to 2 m. and trees of 3 to 5 m. heights. The intermixing of trees and shrubs will be such that the foliage area density in vertical is almost uniform. Since safety of traffic is a major consideration shrubs in traffic islands and along road dividers will be short enough to be below the eye-level of motorist.

7.7 PLANT SAFETY AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE MEASURES Plant safety and industrial hygiene measures will be given topmost attention as

per provisions stipulated in the Factories Act. Fire protection systems by means of fire hydrants fire extinguishers have been envisaged. A safety center will be established for providing first aid and regular health-care facilities to the plant


personnel. For the operation and maintenance personnel all necessary safety kits like hand gloves, gum –boots (safety shoes), helmets, safety goggles, dust masks ear plugs etc. will be provided proper sanitation facilities, drinking water facilities, water sprinklers washing room, change room & plant lighting have bee n envisaged for the project.

Personnel working in some section of steel plants are likely to be exposed to dust

and fly ash leading to respiratory problems. People working near the turbines and compressor are exposed to high noise levels. Other hazards are mechanical injury to body parts and fire hazards.

Power plants are listed in the 1st Schedule of the Factories Act as an industry

involving hazardous process. As per the 2nd Schedule, silica (in quartz and amorphous form – fly ash having more than 50% silica content and counted as total dust) and coal dust are the two significant pollutants whose time weighted average concentration are prescribed under permissible levels. The permissible level of silica (in amorphous form counted as total dust) is 10 mg/m3 and coal dust (respirable fraction ^10 � size containing less than 5% quartz) is 210 mg/m3 3rd Schedule provides the list of notifiable diseases and silicosis and noise induced hearing loss are the two significant diseases identified in power stations. The noise exposure standard as applicable under Factories Act and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Association) Standard is provided below for reference.

EXPOSURE TIME IN HOURS PERMISSIBLE LIMIT IN dB (A) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1.5 102 1 105 0.5 107 0.25 and less 115

The employees working in the material handling section will be subjected to

regular health check-up. Auditory examination by qualified doctors upon the first employment and thereafter periodic examination at least twice a year will be conducted which will include determination of auditory threshold for pure tones. The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during specific complaints for lung function, sputum test, X-ray test etc.

All workers exposed to high level of dust and noise as well as other mechanical

accident – prone area will be provided with personal protective equipment (PPE). The non- respiratory PPE includes tight rubber goggles, safety helmets, welders hand shields and welding helmets plastic face shields, ear plugs, ear muffs, rubber or asbestos aprons and rubber gloves, shoes with non-skid soles, gum boot, safety shoe with toe protection which will be provided to workers. For


persons working in dusty environment breathing apparatus like mechanical and micro filters to avoid the dust nuisance will be provided. Such PPE will give protection against dust and particulate matters. All appropriate fire protection and safety measures will be provided in the plant

All safety and health codes prescribed by the BIS will be strictly implemented in

the plant. The standardized codes are related to mechanical products, electrical, transportation, civil engineering, construction, chemical, fire protection, personal protection and health care.

7.8 POLLUTION MONITORING Regular monitoring of all significant environment parameter is essential to check

the compliance status vis-à-vis the environmental laws and regulations. The objective of the monitoring will be as follows;

• To verify the results of the impact assessment study with respect to the

proposed project. • To study the trend of concentration values of the parameters that have

been identified as critical and planning the mitigative measures. • To check and assess the efficiency of pollution control equipment. • To ensure that any additional parameters other than those identified in the

impact do not become critical after the commissioning of proposed project.

All necessary steps will be taken to monitor the efficiency of pollution control

equipment on regular basis. Regular monitoring and vigilance of the surrounding environmental quality will be done. All necessary stipulations and legal requirements of Chattisgarh Environment Conservation Board and Ministry of Environment & forest will be fully complied

To implement the EMP the Environment Cell has been created. A comprehensive

environmental monitoring program to be prepared for the purpose of implementation is described below.

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING: The concentration of SPM, SO2, NO2 and CO in the ambient air will be

monitored at four locations at the nearby villages preferably on the South to West and North to East corridor. The monitoring stations will be selected as per the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board. The frequency of monitoring and analysis techniques mentioned in the Notification on National Ambient Air Quality Standards will be followed. The analysis data obtained from monitoring will be statistically analyzed and compared against the background data previously obtained.

STACK MONITORING: the stack will be regularly monitored at least one in a

month for stack emission levels, also the online stack monitoring equipment has been installed.


METEOROLOIGICAL MONITORING: Meteorological data for parameters like wind speed wind direction ambient

temperature, relative humidity rainfall atmospheric pressure and solar insolation will be continuously monitored at one location inside the plant premises using autographic and related instruments.

WASTE WATER MONITORING: The quality of waste water generated from various processes (blow downs

regeneration overflow etc.) will be regularly measured using ‘V’ notches or flow meters. Wastewater samples will be collected and analyzed for critical parameters like suspended solids and oil. The frequency of monitoring will be once a week.

SURFACE AND GROUND WATER MONITORING: Water quality of nearby ponds groundwater and streams will be regularly

monitored preferably once a month. The ground water quality of nearby villages will be regularly monitored preferably once every three month. The water samples will be analyzed for critical parameters like pH, DO, dissolved solids, suspended solids, oil, BOD, COD, total Coliform, and heavy metals.

7.8 SUGGESTED STAFF REQUIREMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT : Post project monitoring will be an essential activity of RREPL. The staffing pattern should be as follows:

I. Manager / Chief Chemist (Environment) M. Sc. (Environment science) / M. Sc. (Chemistry) 1

II. Safety Engineer 1 Graduate with Diploma in Industrial Safety

III. Laboratory Technicians (if own lab set-up) 1 B.Sc. (Chemistry)

IV. Monitoring Assistants (ITI or Science Graduate) 3

7.9 Budgetary Provision for EMP

The estimated cost of expansion project is around 93.10 Crores. Adequate budgetary provisions have to be made and spent by RREPL management for design, operation and maintenance of different pollution control systems. RREPL management should initiate on-site measures to reduce pollution and should make provisions for the implementation of measures suggested under Environmental Management Plan for each environmental component. The amount allocated for environmental management for air, water, noise and land environment etc. should be utilized for operation & maintenance of pollution control equipment and facilities.


� Capital cost of environmental management plan include the capital expenditure for the procurement of control equipments to be used for performing the activities for the management of environment, plantation activities, laboratory and monitoring equipment. The estimated cost only for Control equipments(ESP, Bag Filters and ID fan and fume/dust extraction device, chimney etc) is 7.1 crores Rs , cost for additional monitoring equipment is to be around 3 Lacs Rs. including. The cost on water sprinkle, erection of settling tank, retaining walls and garland drains etc. is estimated at 55 lacs Rs. The cost of air pollution control equipments like ESP, Bag Filters, Chimney, Dust Settling Chambers are already included in cost of the place and machinery. The total estimating cost on all these equipments will be over 7.71 Crores Rs.

� Recurring expenditure on environment is estimated to be around 65 Lacs

Rs per annum which include wages, environment monitoring & maintenance work, laboratory analysis and green belt maintenance.

� About 2.0 Crores Rs fixed investment is estimated for the construction of

Ash Dyke & HCSDS system as per details given in Fly Ash Management plan. Ab

� out 45 Lakhs Rs/ Annum operating expenditure is estimated for the

operation & maintenance of Ash disposal system


Table 7.1: THE GENESIS OF POLLUTION LOAD FROM THE PROJECT ACTIVITY AND THEIR ABETMENT. Plant Activities Principle

Constituents Manufacturing operation

Form of pollutant Abatement

Oxides Of , Sio2, Al2O3, Sulphur compound & other trace metals Complex compound of C, H, S, O and minerals

(A) AIR • Raw Material Handling, • Rice Husk • • Coal • • Dolomite

CaO, MgO, C, S & other associated mineral

Stockpiling, , screening & conveying.

Air pollution due to fugitive dust Localized noise pollution

* Fugitive dust controlled by dust suppression (DS) system by routine water sprinkling and bag filters at transfer points.

* Noise pollution will be control by proper

maintenance of equipments and Green Belt Plantation

Power plant (FBB & CFBC

Complex compound of C, H, S, O and minerals

Firing • Air pollution due to dust & gas emission

• Localized noise pollution

• Flue gases from FBB & CFBCwill be treated in DSC and then will be taken to ESP for dust trapping before discharge through 60 m tall stack The outlet SPM concentration of ESP will be limited to 50mg/Nm3

• Turbine and control panel will be confined within a covered shed with skirt boards. This will limit the noise penetration to outside areas

INDUCTION FURNACE

VM in scrap gets combusted, CO2 & CO

MELTING • COMBUSTED GASES • Bag Filters with smoke hood will be provided

FERRO ALLOYS PLANT

LOI DUE TO REDUCTION CO & CO2

REDUCTION & MELTING

• COMBUSTED GASES • Bag Filters with smoke hood will be provid

(b) WATER • Indirect process cooling / direct water spraying.

Industrial water Process cooling and dust suppression.

Waste water containing suspended solid, oil & grease and heat.

• Used for Slag, Coal & Ash quenching & brick making

Drinking and sanitation

Potable water Washing & Toilet effluent

Waste water containing BOD, COD and suspended solids & oil grease.

• To Septic Tank and Soak Pit treated overflow Used for Irrigation On Green Belt


Table 7.2 Suggested Technical Specification of ESP to attached attach with Biomass Power Plant & CFBC Power plant

S. No. Technical parameter Specification for 15 MW

Specification for 25 MW AFBC

1 Design volume, M3/ hour 1,25,000 1,75,000 2 Design Temperature 0C 1600C 1600C 3 Moisture content of gas at ESP after

air dilution Kg/Kg of dry Air 0.02739 0.02739

4 Inlet Dust load, gm/NM3 21 21 5 Dust concentration at exit mg/NM3 </=50 </=50 6 Inlet pressure mm WG (-) 50 (-) 50 7 Effective collection area 5184 6254 8 No. of gas passages 16*4 20*4 9 Velocity through ESP, m/sec 0.66 0.66 10 Migration velocity, cm/sec 6.2 6.2 11 No. of fields 3 3


Table 7.3.1 WATER BALANCE DETAILS FOR THE ENTIRE PROJECT

S.No. Power Plant Power Plant 25 MW

Induction Furnace

Ferro Alloys

Production capacity 15 MW I. Industrial Utilisation Boiler 20 KL/day 30 Cooling 30 KL/day 50 60 28 Other 4 KL/day 10

Sub Total :: 54 KL/day 90 60 28 II. Domestic Utilisation Domestic 15 KL/day Total Project water requirement

247 KL/day

There will be no discharge out side the premises.

1. The Above loss of water is mainly due to evaporation, but other losses are also inclusive.

2. The quantity of water wasted in softening or DM water backwash will be fully utilized after neutralization, Ash Quenching & dust suppression backwash.

Table 7.3.2 Effluent Generation For the Entire Project (all values in m3/hour.)

A. INDUSTRIAL

EFFLUENT:

EFFLUENT Utilisation

� POWER PLANT:

� Cooling tower Blow Down waste water

� Boiler Blow Down waste Water

� R.O. back wash water:

8.0 M3/Day

8.0 M3/Day 12.0 M3/Day

To be used in Coal, Slag, Ash quenching, Brick making and cooling tower spray and for dust depression and green belt irrigation.

TOTAL EFFLUENT:

28.0 M3/Day

B. DOMESTIC EFFLUENT: � DOMESTIC EFFLUENT:

2.0 M3/Day

Will be used for Green Belt irrigation

SUB TOTAL (A+B) 30.0 or


Table No. 7.4 Final Action Plan On Solid Waste Management of Total Project

Category of solid waste

Solid waste generation in ton/annum

Utilizations

1 Fly ash from FBB & CFBC ESP and Bottom Ash

145000 21384 tonnes of Husk ash is used for brick making & for giving to farmers fo land application .124000 TPA CFBC ESP ash will be given to cement plant out of this , Bottom ash will be used for road making and back filling in the low lying area. Surplus wil be disposed in Ash Pond

2 Sludge From Water Treatment

40 Sludge will be used for Brick making & for filling of low lying area. Surplus will be disposed in Ash Pond.


TABLE: 7.5 : RECOMMENDED PLANTS FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

Common Name Botanical Name Family Aam Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Amaltas Cassia fistula Fabaceae Amla Phyllanthus embeliaca Euphorbiaceae Bahera Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae Bargad/ Banyan Ficus bengalensis Moraceae Black Siris Albizzia lebbeck Mimoseae Bottle brush Callistemon citrinus Myrtaceae Custard Apple Annona squamosa Anonaceae Gulmohar Dalonix regia Caesalpinaceae Haldu Adena cardifolia Rubiaceae Harisingar Nyctanthus arbor-tristis Oleaceae Harra Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Jamun Syzigium cumini Myrtaceae Joba Hibiscus rosasinensis Malvaceae Kachan Bauhinia auminata Caesalpinaceae Kachnar Bauhinia sps. Caesalpinaceae Kadamba Anthocephalus chinensis Rubiaceae Kaner Nerium indicum Apocynaceae Kusum Schleichra oleosa Sapindaceae Leemu Citrus aurantium Rutaceae Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae Mulbary Morus alba Moraceae Neem Azaderachta indica Meliaceae Palas Butea monosperma Fabaceae Peepal Ficus religiossa Moraceae Rain tree Samanea saman Mimosaceae Ramdatoon Smilex zeylanica Liliaceae Saj Terminalia alata Combretaceae Sal Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Scarlet bush Hamelia patents Rubiaceae Sisum Delvergia sisoo Fabaceae Tagar Tabernamontana diverticata Apocynaeceae Teak/ Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae White siris Albizia procera Mimoseae


CHAPTER- 8

RISK ANALYSIS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 8.1 RISK ANALYSIS

In the case of a major disaster, the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life or property damage and other serious disruption increases. Although emergency situation may arise due to a number of factors but normally fire, explosion and toxic releases are the most credible form of disaster. Risk analysis and disaster management plan, therefore forms a compulsory part of the impact assessment. Study of past accident information on related processes provides an understanding of failure modes. The measure contributing factors for accidents are human error, faults in equipment design, O&M deficiencies and inherent material hazards. Common causes of accidents are poor house keeping, improper use of tools; failure to follow prescribed safety rules and inexperience staff. Biomass based Power Plant have insignificant societal risk potential than those industries involving toxic and flammable chemicals. In view of this it is necessary to prepare only On Site Emergency Plan as per guidelines of chief inspector of factories. The on site emergency plan, can be prepare based on this chapter, where potential hazards, consequences and DMP are described. For hazard identification, maximum credible accident (MCA) scenarios have been assessed. The MCA has been characterized as accident with a maximum damage potential and the occurrence of which is most probable

8.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CONSEQUENCES ANALYSIS The following hazards were to be identified based on the MCA scenario for this project:

� Fire in rice husk/Coal handling yard � Fire in LDO storage tank � Leakage / spill of water treatment chemical

� Mechanical injury to body part � Electrical shocks � Spillage of liquid metal or slag from Induction Furnace or Ferro

Alloys Furnace FIRE IN RICE HUSK/COAL HANDLING YARD: Fire is the most common accident which can occur in any plant storing and handling rice husk/Coal. Since such incident takes sufficient time to get widespread, enough response time is available for plant personnel to get away to safer distance. An elaborate fire fighting hydrant network and fire fighting system comprising of trained crew and facilities will mitigate the risk of such incident.


FIRE IN 5 KL LDO TANK: LDO is a various mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons with flash point and auto ignition point higher than naphtha, petrol, diesels and kerosene. It is also higher than its other counterparts. Hence, fire risk due to storage and handling of fuel oil is less compared to petrol and diesel. Fire can occur if there is leakage in the LDO tank resulting in spill. The consequences of such fire will result in damage due to higher heat radiation. Estimate that 25 m3 spill is contained in the dyked area, and in the eventually of fire the safe distance (end-point distance) of 5KW/m2 is at 20 m from the center of tank. The location, design and specifications of LDO storage tank will conform to standard norms and approved by chief controller of explosives. Adequate capacity dyke wall around the tank to contain the entire volume of tank in case of spill will be made. Fire alarm system will be provided near the tank. Fire fighting facilities including CO2 type / dry type fire extinguishers will be kept ready near the tank. Thus the accident risk due to the LDO storage tank will be minimized.

LEAKAGE AND SPILL OF CHEMICAL: Chemicals like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) will be stored for use in DM plant. Handling of these is risky for plant personnel. Other water treatment like alum, polyelectrolite, lime etc does not possess any risk. Caustic and acid are corrosive and contact due to there spill will cause burn injury to plant personnel. Personnel involved in handling of these chemicals will be properly trained and made aware with the safety data and related first aid measures. Water tap/ jet will be installed near the DM plant so that affected personnel can thoroughly wash in case of acid/ base contact incident. Therefore accidental risk due to spill of chemicals can be minimized. MECHANICAL INJURY TO BODY PARTS: In a power plant there are several places where worker are likely to be involved with mechanical accidents resulting in injury to body parts. Such places of workshop, during mechanical repair in deferent units, during construction work, during maintenance, during material handling, road accident due to vehicular movement etc. Most of the accident occurs due to human error and improper work practice because the plant machinery will comprise of standard engineering design meeting all quality specifications. Safety awareness workshop for the plant personnel will be organized on regular basis and workers will be encouraged to wear and use appropriate safety device including safety shoe, gumboots, gloves, helmets, leather aprons, goggles and safety belt.


ELECTRICAL SHOCKS: To prevent any electrical shock proper earthing of all the electrically operated equipment and panel is a must however at times electrical leakage due to failure of insulation may cause some accident. Timely maintenance and check of all the equipment and attendance with insulated shoes and gloves will prevent injury. LEAKAGE AND SPILL OF LIQUID METAL OR SLAG

� Spillage of liquid metal or slag from Induction Furnace or Ferro Alloys Furnace is possible only due to negligent handling. There for proper training will be provided to the workers operating the facility. Also the preventive maintenance will be taken in advance for all such equipments which handle the liquid metal or slag. All the PPE shall also be provided to the workers operating the facility. Regular vigilance will be kept on the health conditions of the workers working in the area.

8.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP):

The Disaster Management Plan is a comprehensive and structured system for ensuring the prevention of risk/disasters involved and for the achievement of environmental objective and targets. It identifies the important risk/disaster components involved against the corporate environmental management policy, accountability, resource identification, and legislative context and compliance requirement through operational performance, training, communication, and documentation. The coordination activity among key personnel for DMP is show in figure 8.1

The primary objectives of the DMP are to localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it and minimize the effect of the incident on people and property. RREPL. will be maintaining liaison and coordination with out side agencies and will take all necessary measures to minimize the effect of such disaster/ emergency. The major function is to formulate a procedure for following activity.

� Controlling disaster with minimum damage to people, and resources as well machinery and assets.

� Rescuing the victims and providing them medical aid. � Evacuating the victims to safe places. � Rehabilitating the affected areas and also delegating specific

assignment to available man power within or outside plant premises in such emergencies and avoid overlapping between activities of various groups.

� Preserving relevant records as evidence in any subsequent inquiry. 8.3.1 EMERGENCY CONTROL PROCEDURES:

Eliminating of hazards will require prompt action by operators and emergency staff and mobilizing fire-fighting equipment, emergency shot-off valves and water sprays. To minimise the effect of a disaster, prompt operation for providing rescue,


first aid/ evacuation. As per figure 8.1, which coordination activity among key personnel and team members for DMP will be as below:

• Emergency team leader is called site main controller (SMC) who is also the plant manager, will lead the disaster management cell. In his absence senior most person available at plant shall be emergency team leader. Beside the top officials described above, rest of the employees will be divided into three action teams namely A, B, C, and a non action group D. action team A will consist of staff of section in which accident has occurred. Action team B will consists of staff of non affected section and maintenance department. Actions C will consist of supporting staff i.e. security and safety supervisor, labor officer, shift supervisor. Action team D will consist of people not included in team A, B and C like the ancillary people comprising of contractor, labor etc.

• Team A will initiate action in case of an emergency. Team B will help them

A by remaining in there respective sections and preparing to comply with specific instructions of SMC. Team C consisting of supporting staff will help team A as when required and will receive direction from team B to act. Team D will help in evacuating the affected personnel to safer place, under the supervision team C. A multi-channel communication network shall connect “Site Emergency Control Room” (SECR) to control rooms various other department of plant and fire station.

• The onsite emergency will in all probability commence with a major fire or

explosion or burns and the victims will be the member of operational staff on duty. In case a staff member on duty spots the emergency he will go to nearest (fire) alarm location. He will try his best to inform about the exact location and nature of emergency to the fire fighting station. In accordance work emergency procedure, the following key activity will immediately take place to control the emergency.

� Onsite fire crew led by firemen will arrive at the site of incident

with fire foam tenders and necessary equipment. � Emergency security controller will commence his role from main

gate office. � Incident controller will arrive at SECR with members of his

advisory and communication team. He will assume absolute control of the site. He will receive information continuously from incident controller and give decision and direction to incident controller, plant control room, emergency security officer and site or shift medical officer.

After all the key emergency personnel have taken up their respective positions, the incident controller will use communication system to convey and receive the massages. At the site of incident the incident controller will directly handle the emergency with the help of specific support group such as team C and fire fighting


personnel. At the main gate emergency security controller and personnel manager will contact external agencies. At the site medical center / first aid center, the medical officer will take control of medical support services. Site main controller will be directing and deciding a wide range of issues and will decide and direct the aspect as follows:

� Whether the incident controller requires reinforcement of manpower and

facilities. � Whether the plant operation is required to be shut down or keeping in

running condition. � Whether the staff in other locations is to be kept indoors or to be evacuated

and assembled at predefined safe areas. � Whether the missing staff members are to be searched or rescued. � Whether off-site emergency plan to be activated and a message to that effect

is to be sent to the district headquarter. � Whether and when district emergency services are to be called. � Respond to any large size complaints from outside public and to assess an

off-site impact arising out of the on-site emergency. When the incident has eventually been brought under control as declared by incident controller, the SMC will send two members of his advisory team at the incident site for the following purpose:

� To conduct an on-the-spot assessment of total damage and prevent condition with particular attention to possibility of recurrence of the emergency situation, which may be temporarily under control.

� To inspect other part of site which might have been affected by impact of incident.

� To inspect the personnel collection centers and roll call centers, to check if all persons on the duty have been accounted for.

� To inspect all the control rooms of plant in order to assess and record the status of respective plant and supervise any residual action that is deemed necessary.

Once the emergency situation is under control, the advisory team will return to SECR with their observations, report and submit the findings in writing to SMC. Based on the report, SMC will communicate further directives to all emergency management sub centers and finally declare and communicate termination of emergency and authorized step-by-step restoration of normal operation of the affected plant. The fire siren should be sounded with all clear signals. During the entire period of emergency, the site will remain out of bounds to external visitor except for:

1. District fire personnel 2. District hospital ambulance staff 3. Civil/defense personnel 4. District administration 5. Factory Inspectorate Officers and labour commissioner (officers)


6. Officer of state pollution control board 7. Insurance authority 8. Police

Emergency security controller and personnel manager will deal with all the

members of public. Potential parties, Gram Panchayat and other local bodies from the main gate office.

8.3.2 ALARM SYSTEM DURING DISASTER

On receiving the message of disaster site main controller, fire station control room attendant will sound siren ‘wailing type’ for 5 minutes. Incident controller will arrange to broadcast disaster message through public address system. On receiving the message emergency over from incident controller the fire station control room attendant will sound alarm ‘all clear signal’ straight for two minutes. The features off alarm system will be explained to one and all to avoid panic or misunderstanding during disaster.

Proposed action after warning signal: on receiving the disaster message following action will be taken: � All the member of advisory committee, personnel manager, security controller

etc shell reach the SECR. � The process unit persons will remain ready in there respective units for crash

shut down the plant on the instruction from SECR. � The person from other section will report to their respective officer. � The concern section will take immediate action to remove contractor’s

personnel outside the plant gate. � Resident of township / vicinity village will remain alert.

8.3.3 SAFETY CODE/ NORMS AND EQUIPMENT:

All safety norms/code and health code prescribed by the BIS and Ministry of Environment and Forest will be strictly implemented in the plant. Such standardized code including the mechanical, product, electrical, transportation, civil engineering, construction, chemicals, fire protection, personnel protection and health care.

The plant personnel working in risk prone areas/ activities of plant will keep the following safety equipment handy for regular use.

1. Mechanical filter for dust nuisance ( Nose Mask) 2. Fire proximity suite, asbestos aprons or aluminized asbestos suits 3. Safety helmet 4. Face shields (asbestos or pvc) 5. Safety spectacles (cup type goggles) 6. Gas tight rubber goggles 7. Petromax lamp / torches 8. Axes/hand saw 9. Fire entry suit


10. Fire blanket 11. Gloves (pvc, asbestos, special rubber make) 12. Ropes 13. Ladders 14. Rubber gloves (tested up to 25000v) 15. Blankets 16. Rubber sole shoes and gumboots 17. Safety shoes with toe protection 18. Shoes with non-skid soles 19. Safety belt with life line (leather, hard rubber or neoprene) 20. Stretchers 21. Fire foam cylinders, extinguisher 22. First Aid Box 23. Oxygen respirator

8.3.4 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM:

In view of vulnerability to fire, effective measures will be taken to minimize the fire hazard. Fire protection is envisaged through hydrant and sprinkler system, designed as per the recommendation of Tariff Advisory Committee of Insurance Association of India. The following areas in the power station are mainly susceptible.

� Cable galleries � Electrical switchgear/MCC room � Rice husk/Coal handling area; conveyer, transfer point, tunnels and

storage yard. For containment of fire and preventing it from the cable galleries, section wise fire barriers with self-closing fire resistance doors will be provided. The ventilation system, if any provided in cable galleries will be interlocked with the fire alarm system, so that in the event of a fire, the ventilation system will be automatically switched off. In order to avoid spreading of fire, all cable entry/opening in cable galleries, tunnels, channel, floor, barriers etc. will be sealed with none inflammable/fire resisting sealing substance. For detection and protection of the plant against fire hazard, any one or a combination of the following system will protect susceptible areas:

� Hydrant system � Automatic high velocity spray system � Medium velocity spray system � Portable fire extinguishers � Fire alarm system Fire hydrant points will be provided throughout the premise. Automatic high velocity spray system will be provided for protection of transformers and cable galleries. Manual Medium velocity spray system will be provided for


protection of fuel oil and lubricant oil storage tanks and rice husk conveyor galleries. Water for hydrant, spray and sprinkler system will be supplied from the firewater pump located in firewater pump house adjacent to raw water reservoir. The hydrant system will be designed as an ordinary hazard class. Adequate number of portable and mobile chemical fire extinguisher will be provided at strategic locations throughout the plant. Fire detection and alarm system will be provided to detect fire/ smoke in vulnerable areas of the plant through smoke/heat detectors.

FIGURE: 8.1: DMP: COORDINATION ACTIVITY BETWEEN KEY PERSONNEL AND TEAM MEMBERS. ITFC/REIA/RREPL/Page 8.9

Emergency Leader Plant Manager/Head of the Operation /Engineers /Maintenance

Advisory Team • Head of Operation • Head of Maintenance • Head of Engineering • Head of The Administration

Emergency Coordinator Administration Head / Personnel Manager.

Communication Team • Adm. Head. • Personnel Officer. • Telephone Operator. • Time Office Staff.

Action Team A • Shift Supervisor of Affected

Section • Plant Operators/ technician of

affected section • Shift security supervisor.

Action Team B • Head of Maintenance • Were House / Spare Parts

Supervisor / Maintenance Supervisor

• Mechanics / Electrician

Action Team C • Security Supervisor • Were House Staff • Shift Supervisor Environmental

Compliance Safety • In Charge of First Aid Center

Action Team D • Other Staff Not Listed in

Emergency Team including- contractor workers and supervisors

CHAPTER 9

FLY ASH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROPOSED AT R.R. ENERGY , PLANT, VILLAGE:

GARHUMARIA, DISTT. RAIGARH (CG).

The proposed 25 MW captive power plant is based on utilization of waste coal resources

like washery reject, Low grade coal, char & dolochar available from nearby Sponge Iron

Plants. Since all the material will have Low colorific value with high percentage of Ash

thus it is proposed to set up circulating fluidized Bed boiler. This will help to achieve the

higher combustion efficiency of the fuel. Thus the LOI will be the least, in the generated

Ash. In view of the above the Ash generation will be significantly in high quantity therefore

a comprehensive Ash Management plan and a practicable plan is envisaged.

The project will generate at its highest capacity utilization 1.45 Lakh MT of Ash per annum consisting of Rice Husk Ash & Coal Ash & bottom Ash . The generated Ash will be collected at two sources at each power plant first as bottom

Ash and the second one as ESP field Ash. The bottom Ash largely comprises of coarser

material and some contamination of fluidizing media. The rice husk ash has some

combustible particles whereas the coal ash from the ESP field is normally fine and has

less combustible particles. In order to have a comprehensive management of Ash from

all the sources the following reception handling storage & disposal plan is envisaged.

a. Segregated collection of Ash at source i.e.

i. Bottom Ash will be collected separately, handled separately and disposed off separately.

ii. Rice Husk Ash will be collected separately, handled separately and utilized separately.

iii. ESP Ash from all the three fields also will be collected separately and

according to the quality of Ash II & III field Ash will be handled separately and first field Ash will be handled separately.

b. Promoting use of segregated Ash for the beneficial purposes such as given

below.

i. Use in Fly Ash Brick making:- Towards this the company has approached five local brick manufacturers, who can lift about 50 tonnes of Ash everyday.

ii. Use in cement making:- The company will be trying to supply Ash to

nearby cement plants but due to availability from other sources this may not be fasible.

iii. Use in Agriculture as soil amelioration agent: - The company will

organize practical field demonstration with local farmers to promote this. Already some farmers have been using the Rice Husk for field application.

iv. Promoting use of Fly Ash for the back filling of the excavated mines.

Since in the RAIGARH region already huge generation of Fly Ash is taking place

therefore for useful utilization in Cement making and Brick making may not be possible for

100% capacity. Therefore the company has decided to promote the disposal of bottom

Ash, slag and part of the Fly Ash also for the back filling of the mined out areas. In

addition to this the company will construct one ash dyke in 4 hectare land to dispose off

the surplus ash in the dyke.

The dyke will be equipped with proper water sprinkling and moistening of the Ash to avoid

any fugitive dust emission.

The company is preparing to build an Ash pond in 4 hector land which will ultimately have

the total depth of above 3 meter and height of about 7 meters. Thus about 10 meters

height will be there which will be able to accommodate about 4 Lakh m3Ash in the same.

For disposal of Ash in to the pond, Hi concentration Fly Ash disposal system will be

installed which will require nominal quantity of water. The Ash pond water will to

recovered through a water recovery tank and recycled with Ash for disposal, the details of

the same are given separately.

Collection of Ash from the ESP fields will be done through pneumatic conveying system.

The Dense phase pneumatic conveying system will be used for transfer of the ESP field

Ash in to the respecting silos. The dry collected Ash from silos units will be conveyed

through HCSDS. Collection of bottom Ash will be done in wet condition and shall be

transported to outside in the Tipper for disposal into the mined out areas or in Ash Pond.

Proposed Management of the land fill in mined out area (i.e. abandoned mines):- The abandoned mines bottom will be dressed to give a smooth bottom. On which the

Rice Husk Ash up to about 1 feet height will be stacked and spread. There after the

bottom will be rammed properly with earth. After which a plastic sheet of required

thickness may be laid if required to avoid the seepage of the water from the Ash pond to

the ground water. However as per the proposed HCSD system no such lining will be

needed, as there is very little possibility of underground leachate due to this system. This

way bottom bowl will be created which will have very low permeability. Then the Ash

received from the project will be unloaded from the Baulkers along with a positive

displacement pump to form the dense slurry having about 40% moisture. The Ash will

automatically get spread in the pit due to the gravity. Water sprinkling arrangement will be

provided for maintaining the moisture at the disposal pit.

Once a pit is filled then the coarse bottom Ash along with Granulated Ferro Alloys slag will

be spread on top with 2 feet height and then the soil will be filled up to 1 feet height on top

of that Green Belt will be planted. Two Piezometric holes will be drilled towards the

normal flow direction of the ground water flow to assess the quality of ground water and to

assess the impact of Ash disposal on ground water. The mined out pits will be filled one

by one as per the requirement.

ANNUAL PLAN FOR FLY ASH DISPOSAL FOR 1.45 LAC TONNES AND FERRO ALLOYS &

INDUCTION FURNACE SLAG 45,400 MT. PER ANNUM. (All figures in Lakh tones per annum)

SOURCE USAGE

SL.NO.

BOTTOM ASH (20%)

FIRST, FIELD ASH 50%

SECOND & THIRD FIELD ASH 30%

SLAG TOTAL BRICK & CEMENT MAKING

LAND FILL

POND DISPOSAL

TOTAL

1. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.3 0.50 1.104 1.904 2. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.4 0.60 1.004 1.904 3. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.5 0.70 0.904 1.904 4. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.6 0.80 0.804 1.904 5. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.6 0.80 0.804 1.904 6. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.6 0.80 0.804 1.904 7. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.6 0.80 0.804 1.904 8. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.6 0.80 0.804 1.904 9. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.6 0.80 0.804 1.904 10. 0.30 0.70 0.45 0.454 1.904 0.6 0.80 0.804 1.904 Estimated Fixed Cost of the same.

Sl.No. Particulars Amount (Rs. in Lacs)

1. Dense phase Pneumatic conveying system 35.00 2. High Concentration Slurry system 45.00 3. Water sprinkling system at the Disposal site 15.00 4. Slag Granulation system 5.00 5. Fly Ash Brick making facility 50.00 6. Ash Dyke (Ash Pond) 50.00

Total 200.00

Estimated cost of disposal of Ash.

The High Concentration Slurry Disposal (HCSD) process When disposing power plant generated ash on landfill areas, an environmental friendly

method available is pumping ash slurries at high solids concentration. Slurry with over

60% solids by weight, with typical medium to high viscosity forms a natural slope on the

disposal area without the need for mechanical spreading and with minimal release of

water. This technology, also referred to as ‘high concentration disposal’ or ‘dry stacking’,

generates a stable and ‘dry’ landfill, ready for phased re-cultivation at any given time.

Positive displacement pumps have been used successfully worldwide for many years in

this modern and economic disposal and landfill method.

The greatest design challenge of HCSD systems, specifically for power plant ash, lies in

the required system flexibility and variable load. Both the power plant load and typical

rheological ash slurry properties can vary in time, even within one power plant using

constant quality coal. If warranted by thorough sample testing and detailed slurry

engineering, the slurry preparation plant, pipeline and landfill will be designed to handle

various mixtures. These slurries can consist of various ratios of fly ash, bed ash & bottom

ash.

Advantages of the High Concentration Slurry Disposal process The HCSD process addresses modern environmental requirements for disposing of power

plant waste. Important and significant advantages of the HCSD system are:

Ecological

• Water consumption: high concentration ash slurries use up to 12 times less water than dilute slurries.

• No or minimal contamination by water leaking to the environment.

Sl.No. Particulars Amount (Rs. in Lacs) per year

1. Cost of Power for Pneumatic conveying and High concentration and sprinkling system

25.00

2. Cost of manpower 8.00 3. Cost of maintenance. 5.00 4. Water sprinkling system at the Disposal site. 7.00

• Pipeline transportation is safe, silent and reliable without ash spills. • No or minimal run-off water and water reclaim system capacity. • Thickened ash is not subject to run-off.

• Fugitive Dusting is substantially reduced.

• Slurry hardens out allowing rehabilitation.

Operational

• Slurry spreads over area due to gravitation. No mechanical spreading or operator intervention required.

• High availability, low parts usage, low maintenance.

• No return water system.

• Pipeline scaling eliminated.

Economical

• Substantial energy savings to run system.

• The volumes transported are smaller and pipeline sizes can be reduced by more than 50%.

• By discharging from a central ramp or side-hill, it is possible to avoid raising

perimeter dams altogether. • The self-draining, sloping (2-6%) deposit offers long-term stability and can be

reclaimed progressively at minimum cost. • Significant cost savings in disposal area and dyke construction of up to 60%.

• Method allows for the creation of small ‘hills’ by stacking the disposed ash.

• Extending life time of existing landfill area under restricted slurry conditions.

The process will require accurate dry ash dosing, received from bulkers through one step

mixing and homogenizing in a special design tank. Slurry quality monitoring facility will be

provided. Piston diaphragm pumps shall be used for economic one stage transport of the

ash slurry to the disposal site it abandoned pit.

: 7 :

OTHER ADVANTAGES OF HIGH CONCENTRATION FILL TECHNOLOGY FOR UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH AS A FILLING

MATERIAL IN MINES

A relatively new technology, high concentration backfilling, enables mining industry to

think on the use of fly ash as back fill material. The advantages are enormous. It is

anticipated that with the adoption of this technology it will be possible to solve the mines

back fill problem. Due to over exploitation of sand for construction industry and no

replenishment of sand in the rivers due to construction of dams at the upstream, sand is

gradually becoming a scare material. It is anticipated that it will be extremely difficult to get

plenty of sand for stowing purpose in future. So the time is ripe to search for alternate

material to replace sand for underground stowing. A survey conducted by CMRI indicates

that there are about 25 power plants situated within a distance of 20 Km. Of underground

coal mines using sand as stowing material at different coalfields of India. These power

plants are producing a huge quantity of fly ash which can be used as an alternate stowing

material. Ash has several other advantages compared to sand as a stowing material.

Once this technology of ash stowing is adopted with high concentration form, it will be

possible to get a very high rate of stowing which will eventually increase the coal

production from depillaring panels.

The need of the hour is to adopt this technology, which could ensure high rate of packing

of mine void to meet the higher production requirement. High concentration fly ash slurry

disposal system is one such technology.

It is proposed to use this technology for backfilling of Sonpuri Coal Mines after seeking the

required permission from the concern authorities.

High Concentration Fill Technology mainly involves installation of HIGH

CONCENTRATION SLURRY DISPOSAL (HCSD) Plant at the site. This technology

basically has two main components:

1. Paste fill preparation at the site

2. Pumping, transportation and deposition of paste fill in the mine.

The different constituent of paste fill is depicted in the figure below:

Proposed modules of HCSD Plant is shown in the figure below

Paste backfill of coal ash offer the following advantages over conventional hydraulic Backfill systems:

• �For paste backfilling mine dewatering cost are reduced significantly as no or minimum dewatering is required and solidification can be achieved due to Pozzalonic properties of coal ash and with addition of cementing materials like slag of requisite quantity.

• �Generally, all of the coal ash can be used for paste so surface disposal can

be remarkably reduced, where as only coarse particles (bottom ash) are suitable for hydraulic backfill. Bottom ash is only 18-20% of the total ash generated and its hydraulic backfilling will not fully contribute to the cause of 100% ash utilization.

• �Paste backfill is more dense than its conventional counterpart and has a

higher confined strength. This means more of the coal ash can be returned underground, thereby reducing surface ash storage requirements

• The system is capable of handling bulk slurry for stowing resulting higher

production. • �The system can be applied in situation where conventional stowing is not

feasible due to unfavorable hydraulic gradient.

• �Problems on house keeping and wear/corrosion on mine dewatering pumps caused by fines draining from hydraulic backfill operations does not exist with paste backfill

• �Shorter fill cycle time can be achieved with paste backfill system because of

early strength gain. This can reduce the number of active work face required.

• �Low water content of paste backfill eliminates extensive preparatory work for the erection of underground confining drainage barricades.

HIGH CONCENTRATION SLURRY DISPOSAL SYSTEM

One immediate effect of pumping at the high concentration is to reduce the volume of the slurry to be pumped.

• It should be noted that the minimum velocity in the line is a function of the concentration. The effect of reduced pumping velocities is expected to reduce the wear of the pipeline significantly.

• Although the velocity in the line is lower than that for the conventional lean phase

system, the pressure drop per unit length for HCSD system is higher. The requirement of high pressures can limit the selection of the pumps to be of the positive displacement type.

• At the stage of adoption of HCSD technology, it is imperative that each fly ash is

assessed on its own merits.

HIGH CONCENTRATION SLURRY DISPOSAL

For disposal of ash, we will adopt the latest technology in High Concentration Slurry Disposal System (HCSD). The advantages of HCSD Systems are:

� In Lean phase slurry system, the concentration is around 10%, increase concentration to approx. 65 – 69% depending on rheological studies.

� Pumping is energy efficient since less amount of water is involved. The specific

energy consumption (Energy per ton of ash transported) is substantially reduced.

� Substantial Saving of Water, etc.

� Since the slurry is in paste form, it slowly dissipates in the ash pond as a pasty solution which dries within hours.

� There is no seepage of water to sub soil hence no contamination.

� Much less area of ash pond is needed.

Technology for DRY Pneumatic handling of Fly Ash DENSE PHASE PRESSURIZED PNEUMATIC CONVEYING SYSTEM

Dense Phase Pneumatic Pressure Conveying System

� Using positive pressure they generally utilize a blow tank to collect the material

before being transferred into the pipeline in batches. � With dense phase systems, a controlled use of both air pressure and volume

pushes the batch of material from the blow tank and into the pipeline in a plug flow form.

Dense Phase Pressurized Pneumatic Conveying System The Dense Phase Pressurized Pneumatic Conveying Systems uses low volume, medium

pressure air stream and relies on a continuously expanding volume of air pushing

cohesive slugs of material along the pipe. This system uses a transfer vessel/pump tank to

feed the material into the conveying line. It is a batch system with plugs of material

separated by cushions of air. Average conveying velocities are low between 2 to 5 m/sec.

The material air ratio is in the range of 20 - 100 to 1.

ADVANTAGES I. Commercial utilization of ash in :

� Cement additives. � Brick plants. � Road making, etc.

II. High reliability. III. Energy Efficient. IV. Saving of water – a precious commodity. V. Environment concern:

• In a period, when environmental protection and awareness is a major industrial and social concern, Dense Phase pneumatic conveying, by totally enclosed handling system, is particularly amenable to the environment.

• All conventional problems of spillage, dust, contamination and storage are

efficiently and successfully eradicated. • Plant housekeeping is greatly improved.

VI. The Dense Phase System has no moving parts except a couple of valves, hence the maintenance problems are negligible.

VII. These systems require very less space and conveying pipes travel overhead, which

leave movement in the plant unhindered. VIII. Conveying pipe erosion is negligible thus recurring costs are negligible. COMPRESSOR – LOAD/UNLOAD BASIS The compressor works on load / no-load basis in a Dense Phase System. Dense Phase

follows Batch Conveying System. Whenever conveying is in progress, there is a

requirement of compressed air which is fed by conveying air compressor through air

receiver. When there is no material available in the hopper and conveying does not take

place, compressor switches over to no-load condition, thus saving power. COMPATIBILITY The Dense Phase Pneumatic Conveying system is flexible enough and compatible with all size and type of boilers.

– Whether Boiler is from 3 MW to 600 MW, – Water tube or Fire tube, – CFB, PFB, Stoker fired, – Coal, Coke, Lignite, Rice Husk, Bagasse, Multi fuel type.

Fly Ash & Slag Utilization Plan

For, 25 MW Thermal & Biomass Power Plant, Induction Furnace & Ferro Alloys

Plant

R.R. ENERGY Ltd. at Village- Garh Umaria,

District- RAIGARH (C.G.)

Prepared by, Indus Technical and Financial Consultants Ltd.

205, Samta Colony, Raipur (C.G.) Tel: +91 771 2254187, 4060782, 4060782

Fax: +91 771 2254188 Email : [email protected]

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