ransom, graham teaching with technology idea exchange conference using technology for the right...

Teaching With Technology Idea Exchange ConferenceTeaching With Technology Idea Exchange ConferenceRansom, Graham

Using Technology For the Right Reasons:

Comparing Cases of Enabling, Enhancing, and Transforming Blends in Higher Education

Using Technology For the Right Reasons:

Comparing Cases of Enabling, Enhancing, and Transforming Blends in Higher Education

Whitney RansomCharles Graham


Historical emergence of BLHistorical emergence of BL

Traditional F2FLearning Environments

Distributed(computer-mediated)

Learning Environments

Area of overlap is where blended learning occurs

Expansion due to technological innovation


Historical emergence of BLHistorical emergence of BL

Source: Graham, C. R. (2005). Blended learning systems: Definition, current trends, and future directions. In C. J. Bonk & C. R. Graham (Eds.), Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs (pp. 3-21). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.


Dimensions of Interaction in BLDimensions of Interaction in BL

Source: Graham, C. R. (2005). Blended learning systems: Definition, current trends, and future directions. In C. J. Bonk & C. R. Graham (Eds.), Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs (pp. 3-21). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.


Transforming BlendsTransforming Blends

My interest is in models that use the affordances of both F2F and

computer-mediated environments to transform pedagogical practices.

PassiveTransmission

oriented

Active learning


The Handbook of Blended LearningThe Handbook of Blended Learning

Flier, book introduction, and first and last chapters are available online at:

http://www.publicationshare.com/

HOBLe Available December 2005

•Australia •China•Japan•Israel •Jordan

•Korea•Malaysia •Mexico•New Zealand•Rwanda

•Singapore•South Africa•U.S.A. •United Kingdom•Wales

• 39 chapters• Cases of blended learning in:

•Corporate Training•Higher Education•Military Training

• Perspectives and cases of Blended Learning from all around the world


72 Interviews with BYU Faculty72 Interviews with BYU FacultyCollege Dissertation

Interviews (N=10)

Innovative Technology Users

(N=37)

Blackboard Users (N=25)

Total (N=72)

Biology and Agriculture 1 0 5 6

Business 3 2 3 8

Education 2 6 0 8

Engineering & Technology 0 2 3 5

Family, Home, and Social Sciences 0 1 5 6

Fine Arts and Communications 0 4 2 6

Health and Human Performance 0 4 2 6

Humanities 1 7 2 10

International Studies 0 0 0 0

Law 0 2 0 2

Nursing 1* 2* 1 4

Physical & Mathematical Sciences 2* 5* 1 8

Religious Education 0 2 1 3

* A faculty member appeared as a case in two separate studiesSources:

•Graham, C. R., & Robison, R. (in press). Realizing the transformational potential of blended learning: Comparing cases of transforming blends and enhancing blends in higher education. In A. G. Picciano & C. D. Dziuban (Eds.), Blended learning: Research perspectives: Sloan Consortium.•Robison, R.A. (2004). Selected faculty experiences in designing and teaching blended learning courses at Brigham Young University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Lincoln, NE.•West, R. E., & Graham, C. R. (2005). Five powerful ways technology can enhance teaching and learning in higher education. Educational Technology, 45(3), 20-27.•West, R. E., Waddoups, G., & Graham, C. R. (in press). Understanding the experiences of instructors as they adopt a course management system. Educational Technology Research and Development.


60 Interviews with BYU Faculty

For our current research project, we have completed 60 interviews with faculty members at BYU who have completed large and small-scale technology projects. The graph above represents our random stratified sample.


Looking at BL ModelsLooking at BL Models

When reviewing models of BL we need to consider the following characteristics of the model:

Purpose Scope Nature

Predominant purposes*:

1) Improved pedagogy

2) Improved access & convenience

3) Improved cost effectiveness

*not mutually exclusive

Significance* of blend in overall context:

Small (relatively inconsequential)

to

Integral (very significant)

*Rough measure is % of course impacted by the blend.

What does the blend look like pedagogically.

How is the blend taking advantage of affordances in the environment to achieve goals

Source: Graham, C. R., & Robison, R. (in press). Realizing the transformational potential of blended learning: Comparing cases of transforming blends and enhancing blends in higher education. In A. G. Picciano & C. D. Dziuban (Eds.), (title forthcoming): Sloan Consortium.


Categories of blendsCategories of blends

A. EnablingBlends

Enabling blends primarily focus on addressing issues of access and convenience; provide similar learning experiences.

B. EnhancingBlends

Enhancing blends allow for incremental changes to the pedagogy; additional or supplementary online resources.

C. TransformingBlends

Transforming blends allow for a change in pedagogy that facilitates active learner construction of knowledge.


Enabling BlendsEnabling Blends

• Many of the for-profit institutions like Capella, Jones International University, and University of Phoenix have models that focus on making educational opportunities available to those who don’t have access due to time and location constraints.

• National University has a teacher preparation program geared towards access and flexibility.

• Many international education and training programs are also focused on providing access (e.g., World Bank, Mexico’s Red Escolar program, etc.)



Effective use

Lab Navigator: An interactive game that provides a fun and innovative way for beginning microbiology students to learn to conduct lab research.



• Fully online - students can complete qualifications without coming onto the campus

• Mostly online - there is a mix of online and some on-campus work in the qualification

• Somewhat online - there is an online component for on-campus students

• Supported online - courses are taught in the traditional lecture/tutorial mode, supported by material provided through the online learning or relevant university schools’ document management

systems


Enhancing BlendsEnhancing Blends

Google Jockey

Just in time training

“Students want to be constantly exposed to multiple sources of input. Google jockeying takes what otherwise would be private, back-channel communication and makes it available to the entire class, transforming an individual activity into one that benefits the group.“ EDUCAUSE

International Business: This set of interactive video simulations is designed to illustrate the consequences of choices in varying international business situations.


Enhancing BlendsEnhancing Blends

In-Class Response• When voting is done by a show of hands, sometimes social desirability prevents students from voting their true conscience…Using the transmitters helped everyone to express their true opinion.

• The transmitters helped me to pay attention more because I knew I would be participating.

• Using the transmitters during the simulations made me want to know more, to understand concepts better, so that I could actively participate.

Damron, D. & Mott, J. (2005). Creating an Interactive Classroom: Enhancing Student Engagement and Learning in Political Science Courses. Journal of Political Science Education, 1: 367-383.


enhancing to transforming?enhancing to transforming?

How do we move from enhancing to transforming blends?

– Hypothesis: enhancing blends focused on pedagogical over productivity uses of technology will be more likely to evolve to transforming blends.


Transforming Blends

Virtual Audiometer helps students learn the necessary skills to administer hearing tests, using the most up-to-date equipment available.

Virtual Chem Lab helps students learn the intricacies of performing chemical experiments.



Rehearsal Techniques: A collection of music rehearsal techniques were assembled into an interactive CD-ROM for teaching music education students ways to improve ensemble performance.

•Organ Tutor is an interactive tutoring program which teaches students how to play the organ.



Higher Education

– supporting authentic learning environments through BL (Oliver et al., HOBLe)

– Many of the PEW projects are good examples– Use of simulations and collaborative online learning strategies

Example of a virtual setting for where students will take on the role

of a researcher to learn research methods (Oliver et al., HOBLe).

Source: Graham, C. R., & Robison, R. (in press).



Corporate/Military Training– Workplace learning (integrating learning into workflow)– Performance support and knowledge management using mobile

technologies– Mixed-reality environments combining the virtual and real

Example of levels of mixed reality that allow a blending of the real and virtual worlds (Kirkley & Kirkley, HOBLe).


Review of the blendsReview of the blendsEnabling Blend Enhancing Blend Transforming Blend

A. Scope: Any size

Purpose: Access/convenience

Nature: Increased access/convenience

B. Scope: Small (activity level)

Purpose: Improved pedagogy

Nature: Move toward active learning

C. Scope: Any size

Purpose: Increased Productivity

Nature: Increased instructor or learner productivity

D. Scope: Large (course level or many activity level blends)

Purpose: Improved pedagogy

Nature: Move toward active learning


Questions???

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