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PREFACE

I, ________________________, being a student of BMS of (PODDAR),

Mumbai

The project title “RAJASTHAN - TOURISM ” is the analysis of the big

scale sector of TOURISM . This project involves the big scale level

provided me vital information in tourism sector The survey was conducted

so as to analyze the big scale sector prevailing in the current industry and

the improvement that can be made upon it.

Market research study has been conducted in order to bring out the picture

of big scale sector that exists in this industry. The differences in service

quality that exists in the market. What the customer’s preferences are

provided by the tourism agent in Mumbai

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Achieving accuracy in any research requires in depth study regarding the

subject. As the prime objective of the project is to about tourism sector –

Rajasthan with the existing competitors in the market and the impact of

tourism the research methodology adopted is basically based on primary

data via which the most recent and accurate piece of first hand information

could be collected.

Secondary data has been used to support primary data wherever needed.

Primary data was collected using the following techniques

Questionnaire Method

Direct Interview Method and

Observation Method

The main tool used was, the questionnaire method. Further direct

interview method, where a face-to-face formal interview and also using

i-net was taken. Lastly observation method has been continuous with the

questionnaire method, as one continuously observes the surrounding

environment the works in.

Procedure of research methodology

To conduct this research the target population was the tourism sector

– Rajastan

Who have visited Rajasthan

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I beening Rajasthani has provide useful research.

Target geographic area. Sample size of was taken.

To these maximum numbers of people a questionnaire was given, the

questionnaire was a combination of both open ended and closed

ended questions.

The date during which questionnaires were filled.

Some people were also interviewed to know their prospective.

Interviews with the managers of Tourist agent service providers were

also conducted.

Finally the collected data and information was analyzed and compiled

to arrive at the conclusion and recommendations given.

Sources of secondary data

Used to obtain information on, Government of Rajasthan site was used

including tourism industry sector of central government procedures etc,

wherever required. Lastly the vital information was also provided by tourist

Agent M/s,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, in Mumbai and their Manager Mr…..

And also TIGER CALLING RANTHAMBHORE TRAVEL AGENCY,

NEAR TAJ HOTEL, RANTHAMBHORE ROAD, SAWAI MADHOPUR

# Internet

# Magazines

# Newspapers

# Journals

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Objective of the Project

To study about Rajasthan and their (  Music & Dance, Architecture,

People & Religion, Cuisine, Souvenirs, Handicrafts,, ect

To study about one should know and vist Rajasthan as a tourist

place (Ajmer-Pushkar     Bikaner     Bundi , Alwar, Bharatpur, Jaipur,

Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Mount Abu, Ranthambhore, Udaipur,

Shekhawati, Virat Nagar, Other Destinations

Ranthambhore Wildlife Safari

Limitation

Research strickly upto Mumbai area only

Review of Litu

Ranthambhore Adventure Tours

Tiger Calling Ranthambhore Travel Agency

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About Rajasthan  

Folklore of heroism and romance resound from the formidable monuments that

majestically stand to tell the tale of a bygone era. The magic of vibrant Rajasthan - its rich

heritage, colourful culture, exciting desert safaris, shining sand-dunes, amazing variety lush

forests and varied wildlife - makes it a destination nonpareil. Rajasthan is often portrayed as one

vast open-air museum, with its relics so well preserved that it delights even the most skeptical

traveler.

It is an incredible destination for the outdoor-tourist – take a safari on horses, camels, elephants

or even in jeeps, with the Aravalis - India's oldest mountain range as the backdrop. Feast your

eyes on spectacular sand-dunes, take the tiger trail, or just watch the birds in the wetlands. You

can also choose to pamper yourself in the lavish heritage properties. Rajasthan has something

for everyone –  one just has to choose an activity appropriate to one's temperament.

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Music and Dance

Rajasthan is culturally rich and has extensive tradition in art and culture,

which reflects the Indian way of life. The dance, music and art forms have

been consciously cultivated and patronized by the erstwhile royal courts. An

equally rich and varied folk culture from villages is both fascinating and

mesmerizing. The music is of uncomplicated innocence and songs depict

day-to-day relationships and chores, more often about the bringing of water.

Rajasthan's cultural tapestry takes in simple folk to highly cultivated classical

music and dance, in its own distinct style.

 

    

Music sung by women is mostly about water and the style is called panihari.

It depicts daily chores and is centred on the well. In an arid area like

Rajasthan, water is of immense significance. Some of the folk songs also talk

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about a chance encounter with a lover. Some are snipes at the incorrigible

mothers-in-law and sisters-in-law.

Here too the music has a strong religious flavor and is sung in dedication to

various deities. Some religious songs are folk idioms of Saints like Surdas,

Kabirdas, Meerabai and others. These songs are mostly heard in nightlong

soirées.

Entertainers like the Langas, Manganniyars, Mirasis and Dholis keep music

traditions alive. Their education in music began early and passed down the

generations. The folk musicians are accomplished in the classical tradition.

Songs normally begin with an alap, which sets the tune of the song and then

the recital of the couplet that is called the dooba. The songs also have the

taan, the pitch and the tibias -the triplet, which lends variance to the tune.

The ballad traditions of Rajasthan are indeed appealing. Here bards sing

about folk heroes like Tejaji, Gogaji and Ramdeoji. They sing and narrate

heroic tales of battles and even of legendary lovers and their tragedies.

Distinctive traditions falling into this class are the 'Phad' and the puppetry.

The accompanying instruments are various– percussion, string and wind; and

even items of common use such as bells, thalis (metal dishes) and earthen

pots.

Folk Dances

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Dance is an expresion of human emotion as much as music and it is found in almost limitless

variations in Rajasthan. Simple, unsophisticated, dancing is seen in their fairs and festivals in the

kudakna of the meena boys, the dancing which goes with the Rasiya songs of Braj, and the

dancing by women and men where the women carry a pot or a lighted lamp on their head. In the

Charkula dance of Braj, an elaborate lamp stand replaces the single lamp.

The famous Ghoomar, Rajasthan's popular dance gets its name

from ghoomna, the pirouetting which

displays the spectacular colours of the

flowing ghaghra, the long skirt of the

Rajasthin women. Men have a range of

their own more vigorous dances. The Gair of Mewar have inner and

outer circles of dancers who move diagonally or loop in and out. it is

intricate and fascinating. The Gair of Jhdhpur is performed in a single

file and martial costumes are worn for effect.

The Geendad of Shekhawati is similar. Sticks or swords are often used in

male dances and the Shekhawati dance has the daf accompanying it .

Free dancing full of zest, with rows of dancers waxing colourful

pennants, makes the Bam rasiya of the Braj region spectacular. It is

performed at holi . The Kucchhi Ghodi or Dummy Horse dance is

performed on festive occasions.

The terahtali is a tantalizing dance performed by women while

sitting. The womes have manjeeras (little brass discs) tied with

long strings to their wrists, elbows, waists, arms and a pair in

their hands as well. Their male accompanists sing and play the tondoora while the women, with

dexterous and fine movements, create a strong rhythm with the manjeeras. For added effect they

may hold a sword between their teeth or balance ports or lighted lamps on their heads.

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The dance of the kalbelia womes is vigorous and graceful. An authentic fire dance is performed

by the jasnathis of Bikaner and Churu districts. The accompanying music rises in tempo as the

dance progresses, ending with the performer dancing on brightly glowing embers-a breathtaking

and deeply impressive sight.

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TRIBAL MUSIC & DANCES

Music and dances are such an essential part of tribal life that professional musicians and dancers

are redundant.

The Garasia tribal's inhabit Abu Road and Pindwara Tehsils of Sirohi district and the

neighboring territories of Kotra, Gogunda and KherwaraTehsils of Udaipur district; Bali and

Desuri of Pali district. They have folklore enriched with folktales, proverbs, riddles and folk

music. Walar is and important dance of the Garasias which is a prototype of the Ghoomar dance .

Their dances are generally accompanied by the beats of the mandal, chang and a variety of other

musical instruments which provide a lively rhythm to their dance sequences.

The most fomous Bhil dance is the Gawari, a dance drama. Troupes of these dancers go from

village to village for a month, during which the nine functionaries follow a strict regimen. The

main characters are Rai Buriya Shiva, his two Rais, and Katkuria, the comic handyman.

Between the enactment of various episodes, the entire troupe dances around a central spot

consecrated to a deity. The dance is accompanied by

a Madal and Thali.

The Goomar is the characteristic dance of the Bhils.

Men and women sing alternately and move clockwise

& anticlockwise giving free and intended play to the

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ample folds of the ghagra.

The music of the primitive group of Sahariyas (Sourias) of Shahbad, Kota, shows Central

Indian links, with their songs speaking of Ram and Sita. The fairs of the Meenas had a lot of

free dancing which is unfortunately on the wane.

Vibrant, vigorous, graceful, sinuous, plaintive and martial, the dance and music of Rajasthan

evoke the desert in all its moods. It is the most lilting tribute to the spectacular beauty, the

undulating sinuousness and the brutal harshness of the landscape, and to the hardiness and

heroism of the people who live in this Land of the Kings.

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Folk Music

THE STRINGED INSTRUMENT

A bright red turban on his weather-beaten face, white

dhoti and a white shirt, a bow in his hand moving

gracefully over the strings of his Sarangi - is a picture

of the Rajasthni musician which evokes the melodious

and plaintive music of Rajasthn in one's mind.

The Sarangi is the most important folk musical

instrument and is found in various forms in Rajasthan.

The Rawanhathha of the Thori or nayak bhopas is probably the earliest

instrument played with a bow, and this humble instrument could well be the

precursor of the violin. It has two main strings and a variable number of

supporting string, with a belly of half a coconut shell and a body of bamboo.

The bow has ghugroos (bells) attached to it. The music is staccato and

accompanied by the syncopated singing of the Bhopa and the Bhopan. No

other rhythmic support is needed.

The Jogis of Abu Road area use a smaller version of the Rawanhathha which

has its two main strings tuned to 'sa' of the Indian octave and a third of steel

to 'Pa'.

The Langas use the Sindhi sarangi. It is made up of four

main wire, seven jharas and seventeen tarafs. Other

members of the family are the Gujaratan, Jogia and

Dhani sarangis. The Surinda, favourite of the

manganiyars, is a small Sarangi. The Chikara, used b the

Meos and Jogis of Mewat is a replica of the Sarangi . The

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bowing of these instruments is a skilful exercise, often supported by the

sound of the ghungroos that are tied to the bow to make the beat

prominent.

Another remarkable bowed instruments is the Kamayacha of the

Manganiyars, with its big, circular resonator. It is unique in that its

bowmoves over the sympathetic and main strings , giving out an impressive

deep, booming sound.

So deeply ingrained is the sense of tune and rhythm in the mind and ear of

the folk musicians, that they need nothing more than intuition and a highly

trained ear to tune their instruments. They have a rudimentary concept of

'that' or mode which they use to tune the sympathetic strings (flat notes)

and khadi bhelna (natural notes).

The sarangis are one of the plethora of musical

instruments in use in Rajasthan. The jantar of the

Bhopas of Dev Narainji is akin to the Saraswati

or Rudra Veena. It has two gourds, four strings and

fourteen frets.

The Galaleng Jogis of Dungarpur and Banswara

have a twin gourded Kendru. The name Kendru appears akin to the ancient

Kinnari Veera, and it has often been called the keengri in Rajasthan

literature. The Chautara, also called the Tandoora or

Nissan, is also a popular five stringed drone and beat

instrument used as an accopaniment to devotional music

and for the terahtali dance. while he sings, he also beats

the rhythm on the belly of the Tandoora with his fingers.

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The single stringed Bhapang of the Jogis and the Duska of the Bhils are

similar-a single string passes through the parchment covering one end of a

cylinder and it is plucked rhythmically while the tension on the string is

manipulated with the other hand.

The Ektaara is also a single string instrument, but it is mounted on the belly

of a gourd attached to a body made of bamboo.

In Western Rajasthan, a simple instrument called the Morchag is very

popular. The Ghoralio is common among the Bhils, Garasiyas and the

Kalbelias. Both these instruments resemble the Jewish harp.

Folk Music

WIND INSTRUMENT

These are the numerous instruments that are played by

blowing into them. Rajasthan folk music has many

variations of the flute. The Peli of the Meos of Alwar is a

short flute, to the music of which the Ratwai is sung in a

high pitch. The Algoza, is a common in the Tonk-Ajmer

areas, is two such flutes played

together . The Satara of the Langas

has one long flute and another flute to

provide the drone. The Narh or Nad produced music

most evocative of the desert. It is a vertical flute with a

single long hollow tube, into which the player whistles, at

the same time gurgling a song in his throat or actually

singing intermittently. The effect is haunting.

The Kathodis use the pawri, a flute of bamboo held vertically. The Bhils

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use a short flute in some of their dances. Ceremonial music provided by the

Nafeeri and Surnai, both rudimentary forms of the shenai. Then there is

the Poongi of the snake charmers and its adaptation by the Langas called

the Murla. Both have two tubes, one for the notes and the other for the

drone. it, one for the notes and the other for the drone.

Rajasthan also have wide range of trumpets from the small

singi of the Jogi to the massive Karna and the intriguing

looking Nagphani. The Bankia is the most common and

interesting instrument which, though crude, produces a

powerful, eerie sound in dexterous hands.

The common man's orchestra is formed with the Dhol, the

Thati and the Bankia , and accompanies the Chari and

Kuchhi Ghodi dances.

Folk Music

THE AUTOPHONIC INSTRUMENTS

The bells are the first of the auto phonic

instruments. The Ghanti or the Ghanta are

commonly used and the ghungroo (ankle bells)

form an integral part of the music. The Bhopas of

Bherunji wear large ghungroos around their

waists and sway their bodies to provide a rhythm. The war dance of the

Godwad area, the ramjhol, is performed to the rhythm of the large ankle

bells. Then there are the manjeeras which are made

of brass in the shape of hemispherical metal cups

struck against each other. The Jhanit ant the Taala

are different kinds of manjeeras.

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Another variety of musical instruments is formed by a single metal plate, the

thali. The struck in various ways producing different kinds of tones and

rhythms. The Jhalar, also called the Ghanta and Thali or Tasli are

commonly used.

In Jaisalmer district an interesting variant of the Jaltarang is

used. It is called the Jaltaal and is a thali with water filled in

it.The jhalar is usually played with bells, blowing of conch

shells and beating of drums at aarti and on other religious

occasions.

The Jhol and the Bankia are used at auspicious social

occasions as an accompaniment to the host of dances

performed at such times. The Shree Mahdal uses scores of Jhalar like discs

. Unfortunately it is rarely heard now.

Rhythmic music is also provided by the Khartals, which

are disc jinglers, struck against each other. Jinglers are

also used on the chhinpia and the lejim. The Raigidgidi

or Khartal used by the Langas and Manganiyars is

made of simple wooden castanets, and two struck against

each other form the basic rhythm. The kathodis of

Udaipur use scappers.

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Folk Music

PERCUSSION

Different kinds of drums forms this groups of

musical instruments . They are various kinds: the

two sided ones, the single sided drums, the shallow

rimmed and single faced. The twin faced drums

include the tiny damru or dugdugi of the Kalbelia and the madari

(juggler) and the obliquitous dhol from which the dholi derives his caste

name. The Bhils use the maadal, a folk version of 'moisan' which has a

body of baked clay and gives a booming sound.

The single faced and shallow rimmed drums are the

daf and the chang. The chang is the biggest, and

with a parchment pasted on its rim, is a big favorite of

the holi revellers. The player strikes the centre with

his left hand and the edge of the membrane with a

stick attached to finger of the right hand. A second

player beats out a faster rhythm along the rim, which

is called 'chippi lagana' . The smallest member in

this group is the Khanjri, and its variant is the Dhapli. They are used by th

kalbelias.

Single faced instrument are played singly or in pairs. The largest single

conical drum is the the Bam of Bharatpur. The Dhonsa and Damama are

also big single drums. The nagara or naggara are two conical drums, one

bigged than the other. played with the Surnai and Nafeeri, they form the

orchestra for the folk operas. The Bhils, Garasiya and Sahariyas use the

Kundli, a single, small conical drum, while the nagaru-mishan has two

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bowl shaped drums and is used by the Jasnathi Siddhas, among others.

The tasa or tasha is like a covered thali and used in Moharram

processions.

The matkas of Pubuji and the ghada are a pair of

huge eartherware pots, their mouths covered wiht

membrane. One player plays each matka , and the

Bhopas use it to accompany their singing. The

Meghwals along the Indo-Pak border play the

ghada, an ordinary earthenpot, with amazing effect. The ring worn on a

finger of the right hand beats out the rhythm while the players produces a

booming sound by blowing into the mouth of the pot. the whole effect is

heightened by the graceful dance of the player.

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The Architecture of Rajasthan

The mixture and brilliance of Rajasthan's architectural heritage can amaze a

visitor. Majestic forts, intricately carved temples and havelis (meaning

mansion) and even step wells make Rajasthan a paradise for an architecture

buff. The desert State of Rajasthan is a land of irony and extremes. This

vibrant and striking region is the home of the Rajput warrior clans who had

ruled here for many years. Rajasthan is also home to some of India's most

romantic cities. The Rajputs were prolific builders and have dotted the arid

Aravali landscape with their legacy of some most imposing and magnificent

forts and palaces in the world. Today the structures defy time to tell the

story of gallantry, courage and tragedy of the bygone era and its story of

survival in the harsh Thar Desert. Some of the prominent structures that

represent the architectural heritage of Rajasthan are Jantar Mantar, Dilwara

Temples, Chittaurgarh Fort, Lake Palace Hotel, City Palace and Jaisalmer

havelis. 

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Forts and Palaces

The architecture is basically secular and draws a lot of inspiration from the Mughals, while latter

day architecture also embraces European interiors. These structures encompass mahals (palaces),

zenanas (women’s quarters), diwan-I-aam (public audiences), diwan-I-khas (private audiences),

sils (galleries), mandir (temples), bagh (garden) chatris and ramparts for display and parades.

 

Jaipur Moti Dungari

Jaigarh Fort

Nahargarh Fort

Amber

City Palace

Jodhpur Umaid Bhawan Palace

Mehrangarh Fort

Udaipur City Palace

Fateh Prakash Palace

Sajjangarh

Kumbhalgarh Fort

Chittorgarh Fort

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Bikaner Junagarh

Lal Garh Palace

Gajner palace

Ajmer Taragarh Fort

Man Mahal

Jaisalmer Jaisalmer Fort

Bundi Sukh Niwas Palaces

Taragarh fort

Mount Abu Achalgarh

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Temples

The great architectural movement which swept Rajasthan from the

8th to the 11th century was really a later flowering of the virile

development inspired by the Guptas during the 4th, 5th and 6th

centuries. The 8th and 9th century also saw new styles of temples

emerging from the Gurjara Pratihara dynasty from Mandore.

Temples built around this time also include temples at Chittorgarh

and Osiyan in western Rajasthan. The familiar feature of these

temples is single sikhara or spire and intricately carved outer

chamber called the mandap before the inner sanctum. In many

temples the main temple would be surrounded by series of small and

finely carved temples. Good examples of these are Kalika Mata Temple and Kumbha Shyam

temples in the Chittorgarh fort. Temples at Kiradu in western Barmer known as Solanki style are

known for sculptured frescos. The best example in this is the Someshvara Temple, which has

fine sculptured fresco, and a multi tiered spire.

The 10th century saw the constructions of many splendid Jain Temple, notable amongst them are

the Dilwara Temples at Mt Abu, Mahavira Temple at Ghanerao in southern Rajasthan and

Ranakpur near Udaipur. At Ranakpur the Chomukha meaning four faced is the finest. It features

a series of mandupas decorated with intricate carving giving a breath taking symmetry. A group

of Jain Temples at Jaisalmer are also noteworthy.

A great deal of this fine architecture, however, was destroyed during the earlier Muslim

invasions.

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Havelis

The Merchants of Rajasthan built sumptuously decorated mansions as residences known as

havelis. The merchants had commissioned artisans to ensure that they construct and decorate the

havelis in a manner that befits the prosperity of the owner. Havelis are common everywhere in

Rajasthan but havelis at Shekhawati and Jaisalmer are worth visiting.

Havelis of Shekhawati

Shekhawati as a region is known for its beautifully painted Havelis that spreads over Jhunjhunu,

Sikar and Churu districts in north-western Rajasthan. Built by rich Marwari merchants of the

region, Shekhawati's magnificent mansions display a unique architectural style that evolved

around the courtyards to ensure safety and privacy of the womenfolk and protection from the

heat of the long and harsh summers.

Painted predominantly in blue, maroon, yellow, green and indigo, the Havelis of Shekhawati

have beautiful frescoes that adorn their walls. Earlier wall paintings were largely based on the

mythological themes–depicting gods, heroes, epics and local legends, animals, portraits of

hunting and wrestling scenes and glimpses of every day life.

The turn of the 19th century saw the appearance of new motifs, an outcome of the British Raj's

influence upon the Indian Culture. The paintings continued with the mythological themes, but

the new entries included European oleographs, lithographs and photographs. Trains, cars,

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balloons, telephones, gramophones, English men in hunting attires and portraits of Haveli

owners primly dressed were painted profusely.

Jaisalmer Havelis

Patwon ki Haveli is the most elaborate and magnificent of all the Jaisalmer havelis. Salim Singh

ki Haveli was built about 300 years ago and is still partially lived in.

Salim Singh was the prime minister of the princely state and his mansion has a beautifully arched

roof with superb carved brackets in the form of peacocks. The mansion is just below the hill and,

it is said that it once had two additional wooden storeys, in an attempt to make it as high as the

Maharaja's Palace. The Maharaja of Jaisalmer had the upper storey torn down.

The late 19th century Nathmal ki Haveli was also a prime minister's house. The left and right

wings of the building were carved by brothers and are very similar but not identical. Yellow

sandstone elephants guard the building and the front door alone is a work of art.

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Well and Tanks

The importance of a water source in a water scarce area like Rajasthan can hardly be

exaggerated. So it is not surprising that wells and tanks or 'sagar' (lakes) were decorated

ornamentally with beautiful edifices. Water table was found very low and step wells (locally

known as 'baodi') leading to the water table are beautiful examples of architecture. Some

excellent pavilions can be seen on the banks of lakes also.

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Attraction

Introduction

Place On Wheel

Roll back the pages of time for one glorious week, recapture the pomp and pageantry of a royal past in royal

style. Step aboard the Palace on Wheels, once the personal railway coaches of the erstwhile rulers of the

princely states of Gujarat and Rajputana, the viceroy of British India and the Nizam of Hyderabad. See

Rajasthan in all its splendour and the Taj Mahal at Agra. A celebration of everything that is beautiful. A

journey into the past on a luxury train.

Traveling in the famed Palace on Wheels is one of the most memorable ways to explore India's stately

splendour. Unquestionably it's an unparalleled experience to ride the replica carriages refurbished to look

like the original saloons of the Maharajas, the erstwhile rulers of India. The Palace on Wheels is one of India's

most fascinating sojourns covering the pink state capital, Jaipur, the golden citadel, Jaisalmer, the blue city of

Jodhpur, the National Park Ramthambhor; the symbol of chivalry, Chittaurgarh, romantic city of Lakes

Udaipur, the bird sanctuary Bharatpur and the mughal capital, Agra before returning to Delhi.

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Royal Rajasthan onWheel

ROYAL RAJASTHAN ON WHEELS

The wheels roll on silently and the mind churns a myriad magical thoughts

  Rajasthan is the magnificent land of numerous kingdoms, majestic forts and palaces, diverse

cultures, varied landscapes and vibrant colours. Experience the land of regal splendour with

Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, the contemporary royal living. The Royal Rajasthan on Wheels is

the regal delight where every moment is woven together into an everlasting and immemorial

experience to be lived and cherished forever. The makers of the Palace on Wheels have rekindled

the charm of luxury with utmost consideration of your comfort and modern amenities at the

Royal Rajasthan on Wheels. This tour is extensively planned to take you through the whispering

sands of desert, the intriguing sagas of forts and palaces, and the adventurous escapades to the

wilds; while you witness the luxuries on the train in a truly royal fashion. This train is newly

built and designed in a contemporary royal style. You will be delighted with the magnificent

interiors, sumptuous meals, expensive wines, and personalised service by the Khidmatgars, the

likes of which you would rarely experience.

The luxurious Royal Rajasthan on Wheels takes you through a seven day exploration of the

vibrant Rajasthan. The magic of the splendid journey begins at New Delhi and prepares you to

weave the fabric of delightful imagination becoming reality over the next seven days. Your royal

journey begins from Delhi and takes you through various erstwhile princely states of Rajasthan

like Jodhpur, Udaipur, Chittor, Swai-madhopur, and Jaipur. After experiencing multifaced

Rajasthan you will visit Khajuraho temples Indias unique gift to the world and then Varanasi,

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The holy city and city of temples and ghats,. In the end The TajMahal.at Agra. The entire

expedition has been thoroughly planned like The place on wheels to take you back into the

history. Most enjoyable journeys are short lived but long remembered. This journey will come to

an end at Delhi. Which will, the onset of your reliving these cherished memories for a life time

come get captivated.

8 Days / 7 Nights (Oct. 2012 - Mar. 2013)

Day

Place

Arrival Time

Departure Time

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Accompany your sumptuous meals with finest wines and an array of international brands of

liquor on the two restro-bars Sheesh Mahal and Swarn Mahal on the Royal Train. The fully

equipped bar on the train serves selected brands on Aperitif, Malt, Whisky, Scotch, Rum, Vodka,

Cognac, Wines and Champagne. These premium delights have been put to serve your palette

better.

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The Royal Rajasthan on Wheels has souvenirs, to provide you with knickknacks and keepsakes

that you would love to pick up. These include products and apparels specially designed to suit

your interest like:

Beer Mug

Emboss Leather Jewellery Box

Leather Photo Frame

Cruet Set

Old Paper Notebook with Train Painting

T-shirt, Caps, etc.

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SPA

A pampering cannot go amiss while on a vacation, especially if the holiday is in India. Royal

Rajasthan on Wheels brings to you the finest spa services on board. This lifestyle spa will

provide relaxation and wellness solutions on board with personal care products for hair, skin and

body. The well-equipped spa will offer various massages and therapies and revitalising solutions

amidst royal ambience. The royal train will have a dedicated coach for excellent spa services.

36

Hospitality – At Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, the gracious hospitality is bound to leave

you speechless. Your experience at the regal train will be doubled by the warm welcome

and the diligent service. The meticulously trained attendants, your Khidmatgars will

serve you round the clock.

Splendid Saloons – The 13 deluxe coaches have been rightly named after the famous

palaces of Rajasthan. Namely, Hawa Mahal, Chandra Mahal, Surya Mahal, Moti Mahal,

Sukh Mahal, Jal Mahal, Padmini Mahal, Kishori Mahal, Phool Mahal, Jogi Mahal,

Kumbha Palace, Umaid Palace, Lalgarh Palace. The Super-Deluxe coach is Taj Mahal.

Royal Rajasthan on Wheels is a no smoking train.

The Royal train is having Internet facility and Satellite TV on board.

The Royal train is having Royal Spa and Wellness centre(Gym) facility on board.

The windows in the Royal Train are the largest in any train running on tracks in India and

have been made especially for enjoying the visual treat on your royal escapade.

The super deluxe saloons have an individual temperature control facility.

Channel music system and public address system.

Get engrossed with a range of board-games and a variety of books on the train.

Various national dailies and magazines are available aboard.

Laundry service is available on board to serve you better.

A separate safe is provided in your cabin to store your valuables.

110/120 V sockets in Train.

Mailbox is provided on board.

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Foreign exchange counters are available at hotel counters.

Transport: For a comfortable sightseeing experience, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels will

provide AC buses for the passengers .

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   Rajasthan Tourism Festival Calendar 2008-2016

Baneshwar Fair Jaipur Jewellery Show Matsya Festival

Braj Mahotsav (Festival) Jaipur Literature Festival Mewar Festival

Bundi Utsav Jaipur Polo Muharram

Camel Festival Jewellers Association Show Nagaur Fair

Chandrabhaga Fair Jodhpur Folk Festival Pushkar Fair

Desert Festival Kailadevi Fair Shekhawati Festival

Dussehra Kajli Teej Summer Festival

Elephant Festival Kumbhalgarh Festival Teej Festival

Forhex Fair Mahaveer Ji Fair Vintage Car Rally

Gangaur Festival Marwar Festival Winter Festival M

39

Wild Life Of Rajasthan

In spite of a comparatively hostile terrain,

Rajasthan surprisingly is the abode of a number of

mammals and birds. Its vast size and latitudinal

variations above the sea level of 1,700m provides

it with varied vegetation. It provides semi green

forests of Mount Abu to dry grasslands of the

desert, and from the dry deciduous thorn forest of

Aravali to wetlands of Bharatpur.

The sanctuaries attract herds of species from all

over to their temporary habitat that provides

comfortable subsistence. During the season, the

whole place echoes with enchanting sounds and

fascinating visuals against the sprawling meadows

of flora. Rajasthan is the haven of the tigers and

many endangered species.

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The leopard also called the panther here is found in forests and in open

degraded forest areas with rocky outcrops adjoining towns and villages. The

sneaky predator finds easy prey of unsuspecting village dogs, asses, calves

and goats. There five lesser cats besides the two big cats. Besides a host of

fauna there is a handsome variety of avian life too. Wetlands at Koeladeo

Ghana Bird Sanctuary at Bharatpur are a bird watcher’s delight.

41

Ranthambhor National Park

Climate & Access

 

Click on Image for Bigger Picture

Ranthambhor National Park, once a princely game

conserve is the scene where the celebrated

Indian tigers are best seen. Ranthambhor Tiger

Reserve lies on the junction of Aravali and

Vindhyas just 14 Kms from Sawai Madhopur in

Eastern Rajasthan. It sprawls over a varying and undulating landscape. The

scenery changes dramatically from gentle and steep slopes of the Vindhyas

to the sharp and conical hills of the Aravali. A tenth century fort also blends

amicably with the background. Pure sands of Dhok (Anogeissus pendula)

interspersed with grasslands at the plateaus, meadows in valleys and

luxuriant foliage around the canals make the jungle. Three big lakes –

Padam Talab (meaning Lake), Malik Talab and Raj Bagh – are similar

turquoises studded in the vast forest that abounds with aquatic vegetation

including duckweeds, lilies and lotus.

 A significant geological feature within the park is the

‘Great Boundary Fault’ where the Vindhaya plateau

meets the Aravali range. The Rivers Chambal in the

South and the Banas in the north bound the National

Park. The park is dotted with steep rocky hills and the

dominating architecture of Ranthambhor Fort (built in

the 10th century), adds to its landscape. The rugged park terrain alternates

between dry deciduous forest, open grassy meadow, dotted by several

42

lakes and rivers that are only made passable by rough roads built and

maintained by the Forest Service.

The tiger is not the only attraction at Ranthambhor. A variety of birds

including owlets, the ubiquitous langur (monkey), leopard, caracal, hyena,

jackal, jungle cat, marsh crocodiles, wild boar, bears and various species of

deer are the other attractions. 

Ranthambhor is plagued by the typical problems encountered by all game

reserves in India – people living in and around the parks and grazing by

livestock! Between 1976-1979, 12 villages within Ranthambhor National

Park were resettled outside the designated park area with only a few people

now residing in scattered hamlets within the park. Of course poachers

continue their activities with increasing demand from China for tiger parts.

There are no accurate figures on how many tigers and poachers kill other

species, but on occasion evidence appears in the form of large numbers of

skins and other body parts found on couriers. The park is well staffed and

the people who man the centres and the mandatory guides – one for every

vehicle, know the terrain and some even know the Latin names of most

species. 

The tiger is not the only attraction at Ranthambhor; although it is the one

park resident people come to see. We were lucky to see several varieties

of birds including these owlets peering through their burrows pictured

here on the right and of course the ubiquitous langur monkey. Other

animals in the reserve include leopard, caracal, hyena, jackal, jungle cat,

marsh crocodiles, wild boar, bears and various species of deer.

The main food source for the tiger is the swamp deer like

Barasinsga and on occasion the wild buffalo and also wild boar. If you wish

43

to stay near the park, the facilities on offer are superb.

Park Season:  Opened During- 1st October to 30th June

                      Visiting Shifts- Morning and Afternoon trips

                      Closed During- 1st July to 30th September

Note:- Advance Reservations for Ranthambhore National Park Visit is available online on this

portal till 30th June of corresponding season.

Save Tiger

Like oil lamps flickering in the wind, the world’s tiger population is

unhurriedly being snuffed out. Several books and literature have been

produced to describe the most intriguing, the most powerful and the most

majestic of all animals. The Hindu tradition and culture have a place of

honor and worship for tiger. In India people had added Singh, Sher and

Nahar on their names to upgrade their class. Yet people have been

incredibly indifferent to the cause of the tiger. This web site aims in

graphics, pictures and prose to advance the level of wakefulness and

concern for this mythical and secretive striped beauty that placidly roams

the jungles. 

There is enormous pressure on the habitat of the

tigers, the Ranthambhore hopes to strike an

ecological balance and complete harmony

between man and the beast.

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Tiger Moments

Tiger Burning Bright in rare and relaxed moments exhibits it lovable beauty.

It is in these moments that the sheer beauty and power of this animal

comes out so mesmerizing. It is an experience that no one should fail to

spot. If your grand mother has told you that cat the maternal aunt of the

tiger did not teach a tiger to climb trees so he can’t climb trees then she

was probably not wholly right. A commendable photographs shows that

tigers can scale trees like other cats but only upto 16 months of age of after

which they become too heavy to do so. 

 These pictures depict the world around the

tiger and are expected to rouse passion for

the tiger. The tiger is waging a lonely battle

for survival – you must stand for restoring

the eco-balance.

Sariska Tiger Reserve

This park is situated only 200 km from Delhi

and 107 kms from Jaipur. Although larger

than Ranthambhor, it is less commercialised

and has less tigers but a similar topography.

It covers an area of 800 sq km in total, with a

core area of approximately 500 sq km. The

Northern Aravali Hills dominate the skyline

with their mixture of sharp cliffs and long

narrow valleys. The area was declared a

45

sanctuary in 1955 and became a National Park in 1979.

The landscape of Sariska comprises of hills and narrow valleys of the

Aravali hill range. The topography of Sariska supports scrub-thorn arid

forests, dry deciduous forests, rocks and grasses. The broad range of

wildlife here is a wonderful example of ecological adoption and tolerance,

for the climate here is variable as well as erratic. 

 It is located in the contemporary Alwar district

and is the legacy of the Maharajas of Alwar.

Pavilions and temples within Sariska are ruins that

hint at past riches and glory. The nearby

Kankwadi Fort has a long and turbulent history.

In morning and evening, wildlife in Sariska heads

towards the many water holes, which litter the park, thus providing the

guests with their best chance of viewing game. At some of these watering

holes it is possible to book ‘hides’ which are situated in prime spots for

wildlife viewing.

Darrah Sanctuary

Climate & Access

An erstwhile royal hunting preserve of the

Maharaja of Kota, it is a thickly forested

sanctuary lying along the southeastern border of

Kota. This hilly sanctuary with thick forests is

worth a visit.

The animals here

include Wolf, Sloth Bear, Chinkara and

Leopard. This sanctuary is stretched in the

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area of 250 sq Kms, almost 50 Kms from Kota. The best time to visit is

between February and May.

Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated 5

kms in the west of tourist city Udaipur,

which surrounds the Sajjangarh Palace

overlooking Udaipur City. From the palace,

one can have a magnificent view of

lakes of Udaipur and Aravalli hill ranges. The view of sunrise and sunset

attracts every visitor atop of Bansdara hill.

Safari Park was created and wild animals like Chital, Sambar, Wild Boar, and

Blue Bull were reintroduced. Animals like Panther, Hyena, Hare and Jackal

have reappeared apart from variety of reptiles and birds. The wall extended

further and now the entire hillock has been fenced, improving the vegetal

cover of the sanctuary area.

Tiger Lake

In the hills, at a short distance on the North-West

of Sajjangarh, there is an artificial lake named Jiyan

Sagar, popularly known as "Bari Lake" or "Tiger

Lake". The lake was constructed by Maharana Raj

Singh, the ex-ruler of Mewar, in 1664 AD and was

named after Jana Devi, the mother of the Maharana. The lake has an area

of 1.25 square miles with a storage capacity of 400 million cubic feet.

Kumbhalgarh  Wildlife Sanctuary

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Kumbhalgarh Sanctuary

Is located in the most rugged of the Aravalli hills in

Pali, Rajsamand and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan.

It takes name after the impressive historic fort of

Kumbhalgarh, which come into view over the park.

It is 578 sq Kms in area and at an altitude of 500 to

1,300m. It is home to a large variety of wildlife, some of which are highly

endangered species. The wild life includes wolf, leopards, sloth bear, hyena,

jackal, jungle cat, ‘smabhar’, ‘nilgai’, ‘chaisingh’ (the four horned antelope),

‘chinkara’ and hare.

 The bird life at Kumbhalgarh is also gratifying. The

normally shy and untrusted grey jungle fowl can be

spotted here. Peacocks and doves can be sighted

regularly feeding on grains scattered by the jungle

guards. Birds like the red spur owls, parakeets, golden

oriole, grey pigeons, bulbul, dove and white breasted

kingfisher can also be seen near the water holes.

Kumbhalgarh’s natural beauty is attracting many

tourists and especially for its accessibility from Udaipur, which is 100 Kms

from here. Foot tracking and horse safari organised by local tour operators

are proving to be very popular. A typical safari route enters the sanctuary

from the Kumbhalgarh Fort and cutting across the sanctuary it reaches

Ghanerao, and then borders an old abandoned road. On this road, one can

sight ‘chinkaras’, ‘neelgais’, four horned antelope and many birds.

Desert National Park

he Desert National Park is an excellent example of the eco-system of the

Thar Desert and its rich fauna. The Sudashri forest post is the most ideal

place for observing wildlife in the Desert National Park. Sand dunes form

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less than 20 per cent of the park, which consists of craggy rocks,

pavements and compact salt lake bottoms, inter-medial areas and fixed

dunes. 

Its inhabitants include

the blackbuck,

chinkara, wolf, Indian

fox, desert fox, hare

and desert cat. Flights

of sand-grouse start

coming to waterholes

from sunrise onwards.

One can also hear the morning call

of the grey partridge. Blue tailed

and green bee-eaters, common and

bush quail and Indian rollers are

birds, which are commonly found

around waterholes. The park is also

home to the great Indian bustard –

the state bird of Rajasthan. To visit

the Desert National Park enclosure

at Sudhasari, prior permission is

required from the Desert National

park office and office of the District

Magistrate, Jaisalmer.

Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary

The sanctuary comprises the oldest mountain ranges - The Aravallis. It was

declared as a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1960. Apart from having several

sightseeing places, this sanctuary is a draw for nature lovers. It has great

49

potential for eco-tourism. In shape, this sanctuary is long and narrow but

the top spreads out into a picturesque plateau which is about 19 km in

length and 5-8 km in breadth. Altitude-wise, it varies from 300m at the base

to 1722m at Gurashikhar, the highest peak of the Aravali Ranges. The rocks

are igneous and due to the weathering effect of wind and water, large

cavities are common in the rocks. This feature is typical of the Aravalis and

particularly of Mt. Abu. Toad Rock in Mount Abu is one such example.

 Mount Abu has a very rich floral biodiversity starting

with xenomorphic subtropical thorn forest at the foot

hills to subtropical evergreen forest along water courses

and valleys at higher altitudes. These forests consist of

112 plant families with 449 genera and 820 species. Of

these, 663 species are di-cots while 157 species are

monocots. Mount Abu is the only place in Rajasthan

where one can observe a rich variety of orchids. The place is also rich in

bryophytes and algae. Three species of wild roses and 16 species of ferns

some of which are quite rare have also been reported from here. The south-

west part of the sanctuary is rich in bamboo forests. 

Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary

Climate & Access

 In the forests having bamboo and dry

deciduous vegetation, 108 km from

Udaipur, this sanctuary provides rich

pastures for a variety of deer that

includes the Chousingha. Beside this it

also provides homes to Caracal wild

50

Boar, Pangolin and Leopards.

Keoladeo Ghana National Park

This magnificent bird haven in actual came into

being paradoxically as a duck shooting preserve

for Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur. He

transformed the shallow depression formed by the

confluence of river Gambhir and river Banganga

into a reservoir by damming the rainwater in monsoons. Flooding of water

created shallow wetland ecosystem causing it to be a perfect habitat for an

astounding variety of birds. The park that was a hunting preserve for the

Maharaja and the British continued to be so till 1964, after which hunting

was banned.

A forestation policy of planting acacias was vigorously followed. However,

the ecosystem at the park continues to be fragile due to pressures of tourism

and need for water from surrounding villages. However, the

environmentalists won the day in 1985 when UNESCO listed it as a World

Heritage site and earlier in 1982 it was declared as National Park. And, today

the Park is recognised as the most important breeding and feed grounds for

the birds in the world. Some species are endangered. Visitors are advised to

maintain low noise level and avoid littering the park.

The park opens from sunrise to sunset around

the year. The ticket is Rs 200 per foreign visitor

and Rs 25 for Indian visitor. Vehicles are

permitted upto Shanti Kutir about 1.7

kilometres inside at Rs 50 per vehicle. After

51

this you can choose to walk, bicycle, or go by cycle rickshaw, tonga or boat

when the water level is high. The cycle rickshaw wallah’s displaying yellow

plate meaning authorised double up as guides also carry binoculars. Hotels

do supply packed lunches and you can get a bite at a canteen on the second

gate and even at the Forest Lodge. 

52

ECO- TOURISM ZONES 

A BRIEF NOTE ON NAHARGARH ELEPHANT SAFARI

 

Introdcution

Elephant Ride trail was created in Nahargarh Biological Park to promote eco-

tourism. This offers a unique opportunity for visitors to appreciate and enjoy

nature in a very thrilling and entertaining manner. The birds and other wild

animals usually do not get disturbed by the elephant which is a wild animal

even in captivity. A climb to the hills on elephant back is further enriched by

the superb views of the jungle and hills. Area is best representative of three

ecosystems i.e. Aravalli Eco-system, Wet land Eco-system, and Desert Eco-

system. The fauna of all these eco-systems can also be enjoyed during the

elephant ride. 

About Elephant Safari

The route is about 2 km in length on which elephant ride can be enjoyed.

There is a mid-way halting station at Sura-ki-Baori for rest and recreation.

This spot has an ancient step well and view points near a waterhole. Wild

animals and birds can be seen in large numbers here. This route has a bird's

eye view point where different species of antelopes and deer can be

observed.

53

Birds:

Owing to such diverse Eco-system in the park the diversity of avi-fauna is

amazing. In winter the area is visited by a number of migratory water birds

like large cormorant, grey leg-goose, coot, pin-tail, teals and the surrounding

forests are visited by golden back wood pecker, Indian pitta and other

beautiful birds. The resident birds of the park are also worth mentioning. The

rare bird white naped tit is local resident of the park. Besides this the

peacock, black-partridge, short eared owl, grey hornbill, tree-pie, various

falcons and other birds are a common sight in the Park as listed below:

Red-headed merlin, Black-winged kite, Barn owl, Crimson-breasted barbet,

Green bee-eater, Grey shrike, Fantail flycatcher, Long-tailed nightjar, Great-

horned owl, Peregrine falcon, Spotted owlet, Golden-backed wood pecker,

Pied King fisher, Golden oriol, Common crow pheasant, large cormorant,

Shikra, Crested serpent eagle, Indian Pitta, Grey-hornbill, Indian -roller,

Paradise flycatcher and White eye.

Mammals

Park has a good variety of mammals which includes Panther, Blue bull,

Hyena, Porcupine, Jackal, Fox, Jungle cat, Desert cat, Indian hare Civets and

Mongoose.

The total number of birds, resident and migratory in the park is 122.

The total number of mammal species available in the park is 20.

The park is inhabited by a variety of reptiles, including crocodile, Cobra, two species of

Vipers, Krait, Monitor lizard, fat tail geeko, etc

54

TAL CHAPAR SANCTUARY  

Introduction

Area of the Sanctuary is 719 hectares.

Location and area Description.

Situated close to Chapar town of Churu District an Sujangarh- Nokha state Highway. 

Small sanctuary further divided into two parts by Sujangarh-Chapar State Highway. 

Not divided into Core and Buffer like other parks.

History and Background

Prior to Independence Tal Chapar was a Private Hunting Reserve of the Maharaja of

Bikaner.

 

Black Buck was introduced in by Maharaja Bikaner in 1920.

 

The population of Black Bucks in the Sanctuary has increased drastically since their

introduction

1959  -  175

1962  -  250

1972  -  323

1987  -  949

1990-2006  -  1500  -  1750 approx.

Legal Status

55

Notified as Sanctuary under section 5 of Wild Animals and Bird Protection Act 1951, on

May 11, 1966.

 

Rights of Tal Chapar Sanctuary has been settled by District Collector Churu vide

Notification No. 832 dated 24th August 1998.

 

Tal Chaper Sanctuary is being managed as per the provisions of the  approved

Management Plan.

ALCHAPAR SANCTUARY   

Area

Description

 

 

The Sanctuary is a typical grassland of the Indian Desert System.

The Grassland is interspersed with Acacia trees.

An Ideal habitat for Antelopes.

Most of the desert mammals and reptiles species are found here.

Most Grasslands in Western Rajasthan known as ‘Beeds’ have been either converted or encroached

for Agriculture.

Some ‘beeds’ have converted into woodlands for growth or Prosepts juliflora trees.

About 122 species of migratory and resident birds are found in the Sanctuary. Prominent being the

winter migrants from Europe & Central Asia that include Demoiselle Cranes, Harriers, Rosy Starlings,

Wagtails, etc.

About Black Buck

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Black Buck belongs to Genus Antelope and is found only in the Indian sub-continent.

In the beginning of 1900 Black Buck was spread over almost whole of the Indian Subcontinent

(except for high Mountains).

4 species of Black Bucks (i.e. Genus Antelope) are found in India: 

  Species Distribution

1  A. cervicarpa Deccan & S.India

2 A. rupicarpa Nepal& E.India

3 A. centralisM.P., Vidarbha &

Maharashtra

4 A. rajputaneGujrat, Rajasthan,

Haryana, U.P., Punjab

Other important Antelopes found in India are Blue Bull, Chinkara, Barasingha, 4 horned Antelope,

Chiru, etc. 

 

Present Status and Geographical distribution of Black

Bucks

 

Surviving Populations are scattered and isolated.

Populations are surviving only in areas which have been accorded protection viz. Sanctuaries,

National Parks habitations of Bishnois, etc.

Already become extinct in Bangladesh.

Found in states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, M.P., Maharastra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

57

Found in Guda-Vishnoia, Dhawa-Doli, Baran, Ranipur (Tonk), Ganganagar, Nagaur areas apart from

Tal Chapar in Rajasthan

TAL CHAPAR SANCTUARY  

Black Buck

Prefers flat land with short grass.

 

Adult dominant, breeding males are territorial and attain black felt.

 

Territory size varies from 2-3 ha.

 

Females and young ones live in mixed groups and are brown coloured.

 

Females and Mixed groups have a home range of nearly 2 to 3 sq km.

 

On an average they live up to 8 to 9 years.

 

Attain sexual maturity by 2 years and females can give birth twice in 14 months.

 

Fawning occurs in August-Sept. and March-April.

Bio-diversity value

Conservation of Black Bucks as the keystone species.

 

Supports largest, least-disturbed, intact patch of Tal with its representative Eco-system.

 

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The area supports considerably good diversity of animals and birds.

 

Eight species of Mammal, including three varieties of Antelopes can easily be seen in the

sanctuary.

 

Over 122 species of resident and migratory birds can be seen in Tal Chapar Sanctuary in

a normal year, the most important being the Demoiselle Cranes.

 

Seven species of lizards and four species of snakes of schedule I category (and

representative of the Indian Desert) are found in the Sanctuary.

5 Tree species, 7 shrubs and more than 7 species of grasses and sedges are found in the

sanctuary.

 

The Sanctuary supports a good diversity of insects

TAL CHAPAR SANCTUARY  

Population estimates of last ten years (Census)

  YearBlack Bucks

Population

1 1997-98 1032

2 1998-99 Census not conducted

3 1999-2000 1572

4 2000-01 1511

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5 2001-02 1576

6 2002-03 1638

7 2003-04 1281

8 2004-05 1698

9 2005-06 1680

10 2006-07 1763

Management Interventions

► Effective protection of Black Bucks and its habitat:

Against stray dogs

Illicit grazing of cattle in the sanctuary

► Water Management

► Fodder Management

► Tourism

Effective Protection

Small area of the Sanctuary has been divided into three beats which are being managed

round the clock by the staff.

 

Guards maintain VIP lane round the clock to drive away the stray dogs and cattle that

enter the Sanctuary.

60

 

Network for information about anti social elements and hunting tribes is developed by the

field staff.

TAL CHAPAR SANCTUARY  

Water Management

Normal Rainfall per year is 300mm.

  The Sanctuary has 4 big ponds with a cumulative capacity of 30 lacs litres.

  Rain water lasts till Jan/Feb. following which sanctuary is dependent on externally

supplied water till next monsoon. 

Requirement per day is around 10,000 litres.

 

Water is supplied by means of tankers.

  Arrangement of water for the Sanctuary becomes very difficult in the lean season as

fresh water availability in the area itself is limited. The nearest sweet water source is 15

kms away at Bidasar.

Watershed Management

The Gopalpura Watershed that lies upstream of Tal Chaper used to provide a free flow of

rainwater resulting into better grass production and attracting small birds, insects and

other micro fauna.

 

The Migrant birds especially Harriers from Central Asia prey on Larks, Spiny tailed

Lizard, that dwell in tall grass.

 

For survival of the eco cycle it is important to save the Watershed.

61

 

Leases for salt extraction have to be cancelled.

 

Free flow of runoff water from upstream has to be provided.

Fodder Management

As the sanctuary is small, the grass gets exhausted by the end of March in a good rain-

year, otherwise earlier.

 

 Average daily requirement of fodder after March is 10 quintal per day.

 

Closing of small areas to promote grass production

 

Promote Rotational grazing.

 

Supplying Fodder to Black Bucks from external sources during the lean period (from April to July).

TAL CHAPAR SANCTUARY  

Constraints in management

Small Area: Leads to spill over of animals to the adjoining agricultural fields at the time

of scarcity, making them vulnerable to poaching, accidents and attacks by stray dogs.

 

 Lack of Physical barrier: Tal Chapar Sanctuary is surrounded from all sides by dense

human habitation and agricultural fields. The animals many a time wander outside and

fall prey to stray dogs.

 

Scarcity of fresh water: Tal Chapar doesn’t have any perennial water source.

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Scarcity of Fodder: As the area is small the natural fodder gets exhausted by end

of March.

 

Inadequate Staff: The sanctuary doesn’t have sufficient staff for day to day Protection,

Management and Tourism.

 

Lack of infrastructure facilities to promote tourism.

TAL CHAPAR SANCTUARY

Potential of Tal Chapar Sanctuary

The area can become a well managed Black Buck sanctuary with a viable population.

 

Sanctuary can become an attractive destination for tourists coming to Shekhawati Circuit.

 

The sanctuary can provide employment opportunities to local people.

 

Government-community partnership in conservation of rich and varied heritage.

TAL CHAPAR SANCTUARY  

Habitat Improvement and Fodder Management

Physical eradication of Prosopis juliflora seedlings from the sanctuary.

 

Rotational Grazing by erecting chain link fencing in patches of 25-30 ha.

 

Provision for captive fodder production area for sustained supply of fodder during the

63

lean period.

 

Seeding of appropriate grass species in patches which are devoid of grass.

 

Planting of trees of Prosopis cineraria in groups of five to ten and along the periphery of

the sanctuary to provide shade during summer months and fodder for Black Bucks during

the lean period.

Water Management

Based on water requirement from February till rains the following steps are proposed.

 

Slope correction of existing ponds.

 

Construction of storage tank for storing water for supply during the scarcity period.

Including rooftop harvesting.

 

Construction of small ‘tanks’ for harvesting rainwater to be supplied during the scarcity

period.

 

New dedicated 2” water supply connection from PHED for sustained supply of water.

 

Purchase of Tractor with Tanker for supplying water inside the sanctuary.

Strengthening of Protection Mechanism

Construction of 2 km long, 6’ high wall on the adjoining village/town to keep out dogs

and cattle.

64

 

Erecting of 2 km long chain link fence to keep out cattle at specific places.

 

Construction of two Forest guard ‘chowkis’ with watch Tower at

vantage point close to adjoining village. 

TAL CHAPAR SANCTUARY  

Involvement of local community

Eco-development communities will be formed in the four neighbouring villages to ensure

peoples’ participation and eco tourism.

 

Entry point activities will be provided opportunity of self employment.

 

Tourists will take a round of the sanctuary on animal, driven locally decorated

donkey/horse carts.

 

Development of fuel wood and fodder plantations on community-lands for the cattle of

the peripheral villages to benefit the villagers.

Vaccination of domestic cattle by organizing camps.

Promote Eco-Tourism

Need to popularize the sanctuary to attract more tourists to the park.

 

Promoting environment friendly tourism in the park.

 

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Layout and development of interpretation center.

 

Up gradation of existing forest Rest House to provide better facility to tourists.

 

Provision for camping and pitching of tents inside the Eco-tourism zone

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NATIONAL CHAMBAL SANCTUARY  

Palighat to Rameshwar Ghat-Eco-tourism site

The river Chambal originates from Vindhyanchal mountain ranges at Mahu in

Madhya Pradesh. This river flows in the North-Eastern parts of M.P.,Rajasthan &

U.P. and ultimately merges in Yamuna river at Etava in Uttar Pradesh. The one

kilometer width of the Bank of Chambal river extending up to a length of 700 KM

has been declared by the all the three states as the National Chambal sanctuary.

Thus this constitutes Asia's only river-based eco-system sanctuary.

The area of about 625 sq.k.m. of Chambal river passing through five districts of

Rajasthan viz. Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Karoli and Dholpur was declared as

National Gharial sanctuary vide notification dated 16-7-83.

One kilometer area of Chambal river bank from Palighat to Rohu ghat in Sawai

Madhopur district comes under National Gharial sanctuary which is managed by

Dy. Conservator of Forests (Core) Sawai Madhopur.

Objectives :

To prevent and control the illegal activities like fishing, transportation of

bajari (construction material) and agriculture etc. in the sanctuary area.

1. To improve the standard of living of the local people by providing them

additional means of income through eco-tourism.

2. To reduce the increasing tourist pressure in the park.

3. To motivate the tourists towards the Asia's only river-based sanctuary.

4. To provide additional source of revenue to the state government.

Necessity for the development of eco-tourism site

More than one lac of tourists, Indians and foreigners, visit the Ranthambhore

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National Park RNP every year. Over the years, the number of tourists has

considerably increased which has resulted in the rise of tourist-pressure in

the park. Due to this the management and development of the park has also

been adversely affected. The main cause of tourist pressure in RNP is the

non-availability of other tourist places at Sawai Madhopur. There are certain

areas in Sawai Mansingh sanctuary and National Chambal Ghariyal sanctuary

which can be developed as important eco-tourism sites. The area of 22 km

falling between Palighat to Rameswar ghat in National Ghariyal sanctuary is

a suitable site for the development of eco-tourism. Once this area is

developed as eco-tourism site, this will help reducing the tourist pressure

from RNP.

Flora and Fauna Flora

Flora

National Gharial Sanctuary is mainly dominated by thorny shrubs. The

aquatic vegetation includes Hydrilla, Valisneria Verticillara, Melisnaria

spycalis, Potamogetan, Imperata Typha, Jamilia species etc. 

Fauna

Wild animals like  Chital, Sambhar, Chinkara, Neelgai, Hyenas, Fox, Jackal,

desert cat, fishing cat and Mangoose etc. are found in the sanctuary.

Aquatic animals like

Otter, crocodile, tortoise (7 species), snake, fishes (around 71 species) are

found in the sanctuary.

In addition to the above, around 154 bird species are found in the sanctuary

area, out of which 117 are local and 37 species are migratory. The main

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species of birds include Brahmani duck , Coot, Red Crested pochard, Pintail,

Barheaded goose, etc

Action Plan

In order to reduce tourist pressure from RNP the area from Palighat to

Rameswar ghat of National Gharial sanctuary is proposed to be opened for

the tourists. The tourists will have the view of aquatic animals, birds and the

scenic beauty of the river bank while moving by motor boat from Palighat to

Rameswar ghat.

The tourists will reach Palighat from Sawai Madhopur and from Rameswar

Ghat to Sawai Madhopur either by tourist van or by personal vehicle.

Presently the tourists will have to depend on hotels at Sawai Madhopur for

lodging etc. But in near future the local people will be motivated for

developing nature camps in the area. After the lodging arrangements are

developed at Palighat, Baharawanda, Khandar and Baler, the local people will

be substantially benefltted by the tourists. In near future on the opening of

Bothal and Gilai Sagar gates of National Park there is tremendous possibility

and scope for eco-tourism promotion and enhancement.

This will lead to awareness among local people for better protection of the

RNP and National Gharial sanctuary which will help solving the problems of

illicit grazing, damage to crop and other such complaints.

Motor Boat Registration

 

To have a trip for tourists to National Gharial sanctuary, 8 seater motor boats

will be used. For this purpose applications will be invited through tender from

willing motor boat owners. Thereafter 5 to 8 motor boats will be registered

by the office of Dy.C.F(Core). These registered motor boats will only be

authorized to take the tourists for trip to the sanctuary. The distance

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between Palighat to Rameshwar is around 22 K.M. The driving of the motor

boat for this distance, will cost Rs. 2000 which includes the expenses of

petrol, driver, one assistant and maintenance of boat.

Therefore, Rs. 3000 are proposed to be fixed per motor boat. Safety jacket

and tyre tubes will be kept on the motor boat for safety. Such motor boats

will be driven only by the license holder drivers and the boat owner will have

to comply with all sort of norms as fixed by the State Government in this

regard.

Initially the registration of motor boat will be for one year. Thereafter it will

be renewed every year. Prior to the registration, boat inspection shall be

done by D.T.O. and thereafter, he will issue safety certificate for this

purpose. For boat registration earnest money of rupees one thousand shall

be charged from the Boat owner and on the violation of rules/norms the

deposited earnest money will be forfeited. On the violation of sanctuary rules

and any misbehaviour with the tourists, the earnest money will be forfeited

and further plying of motor boat will be stopped-- and on this basis other

boats will be registered.

Training programme will be organized for boat drivers and their assistants to

make them aware of wild animals, birds and their natural habitats so that no

disturbance or damage of any sort may be caused to the sanctuary. In order

to impart information to the tourists regarding sanctuary , 10 nature guides

will be trained and the selection procedure for the tourists guides shall be

followed as per the guidelines issued by C.F. Till these guides are selected

the already registered guides by RNP will be allowed.

Tariff Plan

Following rates have been decided for entry to the National Chambal Sanctuary as per Rajasthan

Government's Notification no. Fl 1 (35) Forest/97/ Jaipur dated 6.11.2000.

 

A. Sanctuary Entry Fee

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Category Entry Fee

Eco-

developmen

t surcharge

Total fee (

per head

/visit

Indian 3 7 10

Non Indian 20 60 80

Student

(Indian)01 01 02

B. Boating Fee

Category Boating

Fee

Eco development

surcharge

Total

Fee

Fee for 3 hrs.

trip

Total

bill

(6 hrs)

(a) Per head per

hour5 20 25 75 150

(b) 8 seater boat 30 120 150 450 900

C. Camera Fee

  FeeEco

SurchargeTotal

Video

Camera50 150 200

Basic Facilities

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There is one forest gaurd Chowki at Palighat. The arrangements for

bathroom and drinking water facilities are to be ensured for tourists at Pali

ghat and Rameswar Ghat. The P.W.D. Rest House at Palighat is proposed to

be maintained and developed for tourism purpose by forest and tourism

departments.

Booking

The advance booking for tourists’ trip and boating to National Gharial

sanctuary shall be done by the office of Dy. C.F. and Dy. Director (Core)

Sawai Madhopur and the Current Booking for this purpose shall be done at

Palighat Forest Chowki.

Trip Time

National Gharial sanctuary shall remain open for tourists from Sunrise to

Sunset.

The boating from Palighat to Rameshwar ghat may take 3 hrs. Therefore, the

last boating from Palighat to Rameshwar Ghat shall be allowed to start

before 2.00 PM.

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SAWAI MAN SINGH SANCTUARY ECO TOURISM SITE BALAS  

Introduction:

"BALAS" is situated 9 km away from Sawai Madhopur on Sawai Madhopur-

Kalibhat road. It is a part of Sawai Mansingh sanctuary. The area includes the

confluence of the ancient Aravalli hill, system with the Vindhyan hill system

due to which the area is a very rich in bio-diversity. The Vindhyan system is

characterized by flat table tops (plateaus) locally known as "Dang’ and

Aravallis are characterized by sharp ridges and conical hill tops.

The camping site is surrounded by bold vertical cliffs of Neemli 'Dang'. Eco

trails and motorable paths have been developed to visit the 'Dang'. Know is

another beautiful feature of the Dang. It is a very deep, wide and long rocky

Nallah cutup in the Dang which is characterised by steep rocky slopes and

cliffs, flat bottoms with deep and fertile soil. Mahakho and Didikho are two

khos which are very cool mist and alive throughout the year.

Flora

The main vegetation is dhok associated with beautiful trees of Cheela, Raunj,

Tendu, Gurjan, Kadaya, Khaair, Kadamb, Goya khair, Siras, Jamun, Khirni,

Saintha, Salar, Kathphadi, Amaltas etc. Undergrowth is mostly Jarked, Jal,

Gangerun, Jhadberi . Ground cover is mostly grasses of species Chinkali,

Bhanjura, Lampla, Sheen, Sedvs, Loth, Jhonudali, Dada Musi Pharda.

Fauna

The Main animals of the area are Chinkaras, Nilgai, Chital, Sambhar, Hare,

Fox, Jackal, Hyena, Jingle Cat, Wild Boar, Sloth beer and Panther. Avifauna is

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represented by Peacock, Partridges, Quails, Sand grouse, Stone curlews,

Minivets, Flycatchers, Tits, Orioles, Parakeets, Sparrow, and Vultures. Nesting

of vultures can also be seen in the area.

Other points of tourist interest

There are a number of attracting points near the camping site. These are:

Sun set point Maha Kho

Vulture nesting point Jamoda point

Didi Kho

Tariff Plan for camping site

Each tent shall accommodate two tourists at a time and a fee of Rs. 1000/-

per tent per day will be charged from the tourist by Eco Development

Committee (EDC). Out of this amount the Committee will deposit the entry

fee and camping fee to the forest Department. However, in case of use of

Video camera, a fee of Rs. 200/- will be charged separately from tourists.

SAWAI MAN SINGH SANCTUARY ECO TOURISM SITE BALAS  

Role of Eco Development Committee (EDC)

Camping facility will be managed and maintained by the Eco Development

Committee Neemli Kalan, Gandhi Nagar and Khalibhat. The camping site has

been prepared with the help & guidance of reputed hoteliers of Sawai

Madhopur and efforts to provide basic facility and hygiene have been made

condition. EDC members will be trained for catering, service, reception,

security & guiding etc.

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Food

Breakfast/Lunch/Dinner will be made available by the catering trained EDC

members. Food provided will be charged separately.

Security

Camping site has been fenced around. One forest guard and two EDC

members will remain on the Camping site for security purposes. During

tracking tourists will be escorted by local EDC guides on nature trails on foot

or by Gypsy.

Timings

Sawai Mansingh sanctuary is open for tourists from Sunrise to Sun set.

Camping at Balas may be for 24 hrs.

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ADVENTURE AND SPORT

Sir Edmund Hillary, the great Everester, who's thirst for adventure had

proved enduring and never-ending, had found Rajasthan ideal for

undertaking a journey on a camel caravan. It was an unusual way to choose

to cross the arid Thar desert. And, following in his footsteps, one can re-live

the adventure.

Fortunately, one can choose from a number of adventure sports options.

Relax with golf, go vintage, or practice archery, go boating - in the Chambal

river through the gorges of the Vindhayan plateau of Hadoti, or, go up in the

air, for a bit of aerial sightseeing over heritage cities by small aircraft or in

hot air balloons. 

The terrain in Rajasthan is tailor-made for most adventure sports, what with

its Aravalli and Vindhayan hills, the open desert tracts, the vast lakes and

rivers, the wildlife parks, and little villages abandoned by the march of

civilization as is known, but no less hospitable for it. And threading these

together, a landscape where the paths and trails weave through a history

rich with forts and palaces, mansions and cenotaphs. And a culture that

binds these together into a fascinating journey. Just spot and sport it out.

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The aristocracy were enamoured of the gentlemen's game that was so

popular in British India. Unfortunately, the weather did not permit them the

indulgence of creating golf courses in this arid wilderness, and it was only in

Jaipur, as a part of the large scale palace renovations undertaken by

Maharaja Man Singh that a course was added to the city. That 18-hole course

is still the only one in Jaipur and, in fact, in Rajasthan, and though it is not a

professional course, it is good for a round of golf in what are picturesque

surroundings: a palace next door, and peacocks on the hazards.

BALLOONING 

Visitors can travel short distances between towns or historic resorts in these

hot air balloons. The best, of course, is to coast over fairs such as Pushkar or

Baneshwar or Nagaur in a hot-air-balloon. Jaipur is now a popular centre for

ballooning. 

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Vintage Car Rally

When the first motorcars started coming to India, Rajasthan's princes and

aristocracy were among the earliest to order them. These, in turn, have

become the venue for various rallies. Vintage car rally: an annual event, the

Jaipur Vintage Car Rally has become an important one on the Indian social

calendar. Held in January, and keenly contested, it invites prestigious entries.

Since some of the aristocratic families have still kept their vintage cars in

their garages, the turnout too is impressive, with some cars dating back to

the very early years of the turn of the century.

However, if you are a vintage car buff, and are likely to miss the rally, you

will find it heartening to note that many of these beauties are still in peak

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running condition, and are also hired out for special occasions, rides,

incentive parties, or marriages

PARA-SAILING

A sport that is begging to be tried out in Rajasthan, with its open, sandy

countryside, this has so far only been offered by operators who have brought

in their equipment with them. 

Water Sports

 

Water sports may appear an alien concept in Rajasthan but the presence of

large lakes has actually made the development of such sports possible. Even

though they are not popular yet, the opportunities exist, a fact that was

brought home when the water games during the prestigious Asian Games in

1982 were held at Jamua Ramgarh on the outskirts of Jaipur.  

79

STEAMER RIDES: Facilities like Kayaking and water scooter, etc. can be made

available. Please contact Tourist Reception Centre, Kota for details.

Phone: 07442327695.

BOATING: Regular boating is offered at several places in Rajasthan, whether

on the lakes in Udaipur, or at places such as Siliserh near Alwar. Rajasthan

Tourism Development Corporation has made paddle boats available at a

number of lakes.

WATER- SKIING: This is a new sport in the arena. An upcoming added sport

for visitors.

ANGLING: For the angler, Rajasthan's lakes and streams teem with game

fish. The fishing expeditions can be undertaken with appropriate licenses in

most of the lakes in Rajasthan. Expensive angling equipment is difficult to

hire locally, and thus is recommended to carry your own rod.

Bicycling

 

The most popular mode of transport in Rajasthan could also provide the ideal

leisure, since traveling on a bicycle

is almost therapeutic, it provides

exercise without being exhausting,

80

and is certainly inexpensive. Bicycles can be hired almost anywhere in

Rajasthan. Though the bikes tend to be basic, they are foolproof and unlikely

to develop major snags. The period of hire can range from a few hours to a

few days. However, those looking forward to doing some serious biking in the

state should opt for buying racing, gear bicycles that are available in all

major towns, and are not expensive. At the end of the trip, such bikes can

either be sold or simply gifted away. Obviously, bikes are ideal when

exploring the countryside where towns are in close proximity (Shekhawati,

for example) or for getting around the hilly places such as Mount Abu.

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Trekking

 

The hilly areas of Rajasthan provide several days of ideal trekking

opportunities. The Mewar belt with the Udaipur-Kumbhalgarh-Chittaur

combine, or the area around Mount Abu, or the Sariska-Alwar-Amber belt is

best for trekking.

Winter is the best time for trekking, though the monsoon months provide

romantic, green getaways. It is best to trek in a small group, and carry only

basic necessities, since provisions can be bought along the way, but do

ensure a supply of bottled water. Trekkers can choose a camp in the open

countryside, though there are likely to be quaint, personalised hotels

available in most areas. Trekking can be along established routes, though a

more exciting option may simply be to chart one's own trails, moving

practically as one likes.

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Camping

Camping is a fine art in

Rajasthan with established

camps in set locations that would

be fit for royalty. Especially

created tents include those with

bedrooms, a small hallway or

leisure area, and attached bath.

These tents use hand-block

printed fabrics within the

interiors, to create a rich ambience. Such tented camps can be found at

places like Samode Bagh, an hour's journey outside Jaipur, or at Pushkar for

the duration of the fair in November. However, such tents can also be hired,

and agents use them to create cities wherever required; or for moving

visitors to different places, where these tents are pegged each night. Such

camping expeditions bring the outdoors alive, albeit in style. From the food

to the entertainment, everything takes on a more exciting edge while at

camp

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Rajasthan’s Shoppers Paradise

The state enfolds in its lap a diverse kaleidoscope of breathtakingly beautiful

and fascinating art-de-facts. The range is unparalleled even while it is

sophisticated in its simplicity. 

The state has something for every traveller, presenting a vast

range of arts and crafts, which is a treat for the visuals and are

ready to be picked. The bazaars spill with products and there is

a magnificent glow of colours all over. Intricate work carved on

handicrafts or the wonders of gems and stones, it has it all and

even more. For instance, the colours dancing on the textiles

and fabrics with silver or gold thread settings and

complimented with variety of silk-threads, beads, gota, zari,

zardosi, banarasi, etc. are designed by the age old families of skilled

artisans.

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Jewellery & Stone Jewellery

Each area has its own unique style that follows the age-old traditions. To add

glamour, the regal and classic forms of jewellery adorned by the royals,

aristocrats and nobles done in pure gold and platinum was embedded with

precious stones. The rural prefer the reasonable, chunky silver or the cheap

metal with coloured glass cuts to give it an added effect.

Some of the most charming and attractive hand crafted jewellery

comes from Rajasthan. The state is famous for its jewellery industry

and it is one of the world's largest centre for hand-cutting of gems. It

is India's important source for precious and semi precious stones.

85

Beautify Your Home with Icons of Rajasthan

Click on image for More...

   

Blue Pottery Metal Craft

   

Metal Lamps Wood Craft

   

Wood Craft Leatherwear

86

   

Metal Craft Stone Carving

Beautify Your Home with Icons of Rajasthan

87

   

Wooden Chair Stone Carving

Sandalwood  Art Hand Embroidered Bag

Jewelry Silverware

Beautify Your Home with Icons of Rajasthan

   

Blue Pottery Metal Craft

   

History of rajasthan

History of Rajasthan

The history of human settlement in north Indian state of Rajasthan dates back to about 5000 years ago

with parts of North Rajasthan at the heart of the Indus Valley Civilization.This region was long known as

Gurjaratra that is country protected or ruled by the Gurjars before it came to be called Rajputana, early

in the Muslim period. It is also the famous land of the Rajput warriors renowned for their heroic deeds

on the battlefield. The majestic palaces, forts and other architectural edifices of historical significance

tell interesting tales of the Rajput rulers who once exercised sovereignty over this northwestern state of

India.

Ancient history

he Jat king HARSHAVARDHAN who belonged to vibhuti jat clan from Hariyana ,ruled over the not only

rajasthan but also indian ,after his death the rajput came in rajasthan history.Harshvardhan used first

time a word which name is RAJPUTRA,after this the people who ruling that time called himself rajput or

rajpoot. Parts of Rajasthan belonged to the Indus Valley Civilization between about 3500 and 1750 BCE.

Excavations at Kalibanga in Northern Rajasthan have revealed the existence of human settlements of the

Harappan times on the banks of a river that dried up later, which is believed to be the River Saraswati by

some scholars. The historical evidence found in Bairat reflects the presence of Pre-Aryan people. The

first Aryan settlement was at the Dhundhar region around 1400 BCE. Matsya or Meena (Sanskrit for fish)

was the name of a Kshatriya tribe and the state of the Vedic civilization of India. It lay to south of the

kingdom of Kurus and west of the Yamuna which separated it from the kingdom of Panchalas. It roughly

corresponded to former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan, and included the whole of Alwar with portions of

Bharatpur. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar (modern Bairat) which is said to have been named

after its founder king Virata. Meenas are brothers and kinsmen of Virata, the ruler of Virat Nagar. They

ruled this area(near to Virat Nagar) till 11th century

Rajasthan was a part of the illustrious Mauryan Empire around 321-184 BCE. It had also been a

part of Republics like Arjunyas, Hunas, Kushans, Malavas, Saka Satraps and the Yaudheyas. The

Guptas reigned in the 4th century. Some Buddhist caves and Stupas have been found in

Jhalawar, in the southern part of Rajasthan.

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the Gurjara Pratihara Empire

The decline of the 300 year old Gupta Empire in the 5th century led to the political unrest in the

Northern India and was followed by an epoch of instability as numerous chieftains tried to gain

power. The situation was stabilized when the Gurjara Pratiharas, the earliest of the Gurjar clan

emerged around 700 CE. Gurjar pratihars were well known for their hostility towards Arab

invaders.The Arab chronicler Sulaiman describes the army of the Gurjar Pratihars as it stood in

851 CE, The king of Gurjars maintains numerous forces and no other Indian prince has so fine a

cavalry. He is unfriendly to the Arabs, still he acknowledges that the king of the Arabs is the

greatest of kings. Among the princes of India there is no greater foe of the Islamic faith than he.

He has got riches, and his camels and horses are numerous.

Medieval period

Prithviraj Chauhan fought a brave battle against the foreign invader Muhammad Ghori and

defeated him in the first battle of Tarain in 1191 (but was defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain

in 1192), but was defeated in the seventeenth battle with Ghori. After getting defeated for sixteen

times, Ghori begged for his life saying a sentence with a literal meaning "I am your cow,

Forgive". In the seventeenth battle, a traitor from Chauhan's kingdom supported Ghori's army

and landed up in the defeat. What happens after this is clear from the local folk songs still

prominent in Rajasthan. It is said that Prithviraj was taken to Afghanistan along with his raj-kavi

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cum friend, Chandbhar. In Ghori's court, Prithviraj and Chandbhar were brought in shackles.

Prithviraj was asked to show the art of archery, wherein he could aim and shoot just by hearing

the sound. It is also known as Shabdbhedi-baan. Ghori asked him to show him this art. To make

game interesting for himself, he got his eyes pierced with hot iron rods. Chandbhar says, "A

king, though as a prisoner, can receive command only from a king. So it would be an honour if

you command Him to shoot". Then he says few verses or poetry, few of those lines were, "Char

baans chobis guz, aangal asht pravan, taa upar sultan hai, mat chooko Chauhan". Chaar baans

meant four bamboos stick, chaubis guz as approximately 24 yards, aangal asht praval meant

eight fingers width. All this combined gave the exact location of Ghori sitting on his throne i.e. 4

bamboos stick high, 24 yards away and exactly eight fingers up was the Ghori sitting. "Go ahead

O Chauhan and don't miss the aim". This is how Prithvi Raj kills Ghori in his court and

obviously to meet his own death. Grave of Prithvi Raj Chauhan is present till date next to Ghori's

grave.

After the defeat of Chauhan around 1200, a part of Rajasthan came under Muslim rulers. The

principal centers of their powers were Nagaur and Ajmer. Ranthambhor was also under their

suzerainty. At the beginning of the 13th century, the most prominent and powerful state of

Rajasthan was Mewar. The Rajputs resisted the Muslim incursions into India, although a number

of Rajput kingdoms eventually became subservient to the Delhi Sultanate. Mewar led others in

resistance to Muslim rule: Rana Sanga fought the Battle of Khanua against Babur, the founder of

the Mughal empire.

In between 1540 to 1556, Afghans were in control of most of North India. Rajasthan born Samrat

Hem Chandra Vikramaditya also called Hemu, who started his career as a supplier of various

merchandise to Sher Shah Suri empire held various positions in capital Delhi as 'In charge of

Food Affairs', 'Minister of Internal Security' and 'Prime Minister-Cum-Chief of Army' with Islam

Shah and Adil Shah, who ruled from Punjab to Bengal. Hemu crushed the first rebellion in 1553

at Ajmer where he killed the Afghan Governor Junaid Khan and appointed his own man as

governor. Hem Chandra won several battles (22) against Afghan rebels and Mughal king Akbar

and won all of them without losing any. He defeated Akbar's army at Agra and Delhi in 1556,

and became a 'Vikramaditya' king after 350 years of foreign rule at Purana Quila in Delhi. Hemu

lost in the Second battle of Panipat on 7 November 1556, and got killed.

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In order to gain the trust of the Rajput rulers, the Mughal Emperor Akbar arranged matrimonial

alliances. He also sought reconciliation with the hostile Rajputs after performing the matrimonial

alliances. He himself married the Rajput princess- Jodha Bai who was the daughter of the

Maharaja of Amber. He granted high offices to a large number of Rajput princes and this

maintained very cordial relations with these Rajputs. Soon most of the Rajputs were transformed

into friends of Akbar from adversaries and many of them surrendered their kingdoms to Akbar.

Rulers like Raja Maan Singh of Amber were trusted allies. However all Rajput rulers were not

ready to accept Akbar’s dominance and preferred to remain independent. One such ruler was

Raja Uday Singh of Mewar, who founded the city of Udaipur. He never accepted Akbar’s

supremacy and was at constant war with him. Akbar forcefully seized Chittor, his capital. After

his death, this struggle was continued by his son – Rana Pratap. He fought a terrible battle with

Akbar at the Haldighat pass where he was defeated and wounded. Since then Rana Pratap

remained in recluse for 12 years and attacked the Mughal ruler from time to time. He fought

valiantly throughout his life never ceded his independence to the Mughal ruler.

An ancient ruin in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.

The traditional sacrifice and the self-respect of the Rajput women are also worth mentioning

while discussing the imperial rule of Rajasthan during the medieval epoch. When the Rajput

rulers were forced to surrender their kingdoms to other invaders, the Rajput women in order to

protect their chastity and self-respect used to light up a pyre and together they used to jump into

the fire thus sacrificing and ending their own lives. This custom of collective sacrifice was

known as Jauhar.

Rajasthan's formerly independent kingdoms created a rich architectural and cultural heritage,

seen today in their numerous forts and palaces (Mahals and Havelis) which are enriched by

features of Muslim and Jain architecture.

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Modern period

Rajasthan had never been united politically until its domination by Mughal Emperor Akbar.

Akbar created a unified province of Rajasthan. Mughal power started to decline after 1707. The

political disintegration of Rajasthan was caused by the dismemberment of the Mughal Empire.

The Marathas penetrated Rajasthan upon the decline of the Mughal Empire. In 1755 the Maratha

general Scindia occupied Ajmer. The beginning of the 19th century was marked by the onslaught

of the Pindaris.

Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II,

inspecting Jaipur State forces deployed in the Middle East during World War II.

The Rajput kings concluded treaties with the British in the early 19th century, accepting British

sovereignty in return for local autonomy and protection from the Marathas. Following the

Mughal tradition and more importantly due to its strategic location Ajmer became a province of

British India, while the autonomous Rajput states, the Muslim state (Tonk), and the Jat states

(Bharatpur and Dholpur) were organized into the Rajputana Agency. In 1817-18, the British

Government concluded treaties of alliance with almost all the states of Rajputana. Thus began

the British rule over Rajasthan, then called Rajputana.

Post independence

At the time of India's Independence in 1947, Rajasthan consisted of 19 Princely States, two

chieftains and a British administered province of Ajmer-Merwara besides a few pockets and

territories outside its main boundaries.

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It took seven stages to form Rajasthan as defined today. In March 1948 the Matsya Union

consisted of Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Karauli was formed. Also, in March 1948

Banswara, Bundi, Dungarpur, Jhalawar, Kishangarh, Kota, Pratapgarh, Shahpura and Tonk

joined the Indian union and formed a part of Rajasthan. In April 1948 Udaipur joined the state

and the Maharana of Udaipur was made Rajpramukh. Therefore in 1948 the merger of south and

southeastern states was almost complete. Still retaining their independence from India were

Jaipur and the desert kingdoms of Bikaner, Jodhpur and Jaisalmer. From a security point of view,

it was vital to the new Indian Union to ensure that the desert kingdoms were integrated into the

new nation. The princes finally agreed to sign the Instrument of Accession, and the kingdoms of

Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Jaipur were merged in March 1949. This time the Maharaja of

Jaipur, Man Singh II was made the Rajpramukh of the state and Jaipur became its capital. Later

in 1949, the United States of Matsya, comprising the former kingdoms of Bharatpur, Alwar,

Karauli and Dholpur, was incorporated into Rajasthan. On January 26, 1950, 18 states of united

Rajasthan merged with Sirohi to join the state leaving Abu and Dilwara to remain a part of

Greater Bombay and now Gujarat.

In November 1956 under the State Re-organisation Act, 1956 the erstwhile part 'C' State of

Ajmer, Abu Road Taluka, former part of princely State Sirohi (which were merged in former

Bombay), State and Sunel Tappa region of the former Madhya Bharat merged with Rajasthan

and Sirohi sub district of Jhalawar was transferred to Madhya Pradesh. Thus giving the existing

boundary Rajasthan. Today with further reorganisation of the states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya

Pradesh and Bihar. Rajasthan has become the largest state of the Indian Republic.

Location of historical Sunel-Tappa region,shown with red colour in map.

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The princes of the former kingdoms were constitutionally granted handsome remuneration in the

form of privy purses and privileges to assist them in the discharge of their financial obligations.

In 1970, Indira Gandhi, who was then the Prime Minister of India, commenced under-takings to

discontinue the privy purses, which were abolished in 1971. Many of the former princes still

continue to use the title of Maharaja, but the title has little power other than status symbol. Many

of the Maharajas still hold their palaces and have converted them into profitable hotels, while

some have made good in politics. The democratically elected Government runs the state with a

chief minister as its executive head and the governor as the head of the state. Currently, including

the new district of Pratapgarh, there are 32 districts, 105 sub-divisions, 37,889 villages, 241

tehsils and 222 towns in Rajasthan.

Gurumukh Nihal Singh and Homendra Rajan Battu from Rajasthan was appointed as first

governor of Rajasthan. Hiralal Shastri was first nominated chief minister who worked from 7

April 1949, after two more nominated chief ministers Tikaram Paliwal became first elected chief

minister from 3 March 1951.

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The People

According to the 2001 census, Rajasthan has a population of 56.5 million.

Rajasthan has large indigenous populace–The Meo and Minas (Minawati) in

Alwar, Jaipur, Bharatpur, and Dholpur areas. The Banjara are travelling

tradesmen and artisans. The Gadia Lohar is the ironsmith (lohar) who travels

in bullock carts (Gadia); they generally make and repair agricultural and

household implements. The Bhils are one of the oldest peoples in India, and

inhabit the districts of Bhilwara, Chittaurgarh, Dungarpur, Banswara,

Udaipur, and Sirohi and are famous for their skill in archery. The Grasia and

nomadic Kathodi live in the Mewar region. Sahariyas are found in the Kota

district, and the Rabaris of the Marwar region are cattle breeders.

The Oswals hail from Osiyan near Jodhpur are

successful traders and are predominately Jains. While

the Mahajan (the trading class) is subdivided into a

large number of groups, some of these groups are Jain,

while others are Hindu. In the north and west, the Jat

and Gujar are among the largest agricultural

communities. The Gujars who are Hindus dwell in

eastern Rajasthan. The nomadic Rabari or Raika are

divided in two groups the Marus who breed camels and Chalkias who breed

sheep and goats. 

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The Muslims form less than 10% of the population and most of them are

Sunnis. There is also a small but affluent community Shiaite Muslims known

as Bhoras in southeastern Rajasthan.

The Rajputs though represent only a small proportion

of the populace are the most influential section of the

people in Rajasthan. They are proud of their martial

reputation and of their ancestr

Religion

Hinduism, the religion of most of the population, is generally practiced through the worship of

Brahma, Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu, and other gods and goddesses. Nathdwara is an important

religious centre for the Vallabhacharya sect of Krishna followers. There are also followers of the

Arya Samaj, a reforming sect of modern Hinduism, as well as other forms of that religion.

 

Hinduism, the religion of most of the population, is generally practised

through the worship of Brahma, Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu, and other gods and

goddesses. Nathdwara is an important religious centre for the

Vallabhacharya sect of Krishna followers. There are also followers of the Arya

Samaj, a reforming sect of modern Hinduism, as well as other forms of that

religion.

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Jainism is also important; it has not been the religion of the rulers of

Rajasthan but has followers among the trading class and the wealthy section

of society. Mahavirji, Ranakpur, Dhulev, and Karera are the chief centres of

Jain pilgrimage.

The Dadupanthi forms another important religious sect the followers of Dadu

(d. 1603), who preached the equality of all men, strict vegetarianism, total

abstinence from intoxicating liquor, and lifelong celibacy.

Islam, the religion of the State's second largest religious community,

expanded in Rajasthan with the conquest of Ajmer by Muslim invaders in the

late twelfth century. Khwajah Muin-ud-Din Chishti, the Muslim missionary,

had his headquarters at Ajmer, and Muslim traders, craftsmen, and soldiers

settled there. The State's population of Christians and Sikhs is small.

CUISINE

Rajasthan has a rich tradition of cuisines – for this land of princes had some

of the finest cooks in the palaces. The common-folk also took epicurean

delight in the culinary art. Aptly has it been said that the royal kitchens of

Rajasthan raised the preparation of food to the level of a sublime art. It is not

surprising therefore that the 'Khansamas' (the royal cooks) who worked

in the State palaces kept their most prized recipes to themselves. Some

recipes were passed on to their descendants and the rest were passed on as

skills to the chefs of semi States and the branded hotel companies.

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One special feature of the Rajasthani cooking is that it has its roots in the

lifestyle of the medieval Rajasthan when the chieftains were mainly at war.

The focus was on edible items that could last for several days and could also

be eaten without heating. Food was also prepared out of necessity rather

than choice. It depended on the items available in particular regions.

Furthermore, the scarcity of water as well as fresh green vegetables have

had some impact on their art of cooking.

In the desert belt of Jaisalmer, Barmer and Bikaner, cooks use a minimum of

water and prefer, instead, to use more milk, buttermilk and clarified butter. A

distinct feature of the Maheshwari(a trading company) cooking is the use of

mango powder, a suitable substitute for tomatoes, scarce in the desert, and

asafetida, to enhance the taste in the absence of garlic and onions.

CUCINA

 

Generally, Rajasthani curries are brilliant red but not as spicy as they look.

Most Rajasthani cuisine uses pure Ghee (clarified butter) as a means of

cooking. A favorite sweet dish called lapsi is prepared with broken wheat

(Dalia) sautéed in ghee and sweetened.

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Perhaps the best known Rajasthani food is the combination of dal, and

churma BATI (dal is lentils; BATI ball is cooked wheat and cereal powder

churma sweetened), but for the adventurous traveler, willing to experiment,

there is much variety available. In addition, each region is distinguished by

its popular sweet - Mawa Kachori from Jodhpur, Alwar ka Mawa, Malpuas of

Pushkar, Rasogullas of Bikaner, Jaipur Ghevar just to name a few.

CUISINE

Contrary to popular belief, people of Rajasthan are not all vegetarians. One

of the unique creation is the Junglee maas. Junglee maas was a great

favourite among the Maharajas and due to paucity of exotic ingredients in

the camp kitchen, the game brought in from the hunt was simply cooked in

pure ghee, salt and plenty of red chillies. However, now this dish has been

adapted to the less controversial ingredients like kidlamb, pork or poultry.

The personal recipes of the royal Khansama still rotate around their

generations and are the highlights of regal gatherings. Each princely State of

Rajasthan had its own style of the recipes, and is still continued in the Rajput

households. It was mainly the men folk of the family who prepared the non-

vegetarian food. Some of the Maharajas apart from being great hunters

relished the passion of cooking the ‘Shikars’ themselves for their chosen

guests and the trend continues among the successive generations.

99

100

Literacy rate of rajasthan

Introduction to Rajasthan

Rajasthan is situated in the northern part of India. It is the largest State in India

by area constituting 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India and it

accounts for 5.5 percent of population of India. Topographically, deserts in the

State constitute a large chunk of the land mass, where the settlements are

scattered and the density of population is quite low. It is administratively divided

into 7 divisions, 32 districts, 241 Tehsils, 237 Panchayat Samities, 9,189 Gram

Panchayats, 39,753 inhabited villages and 188 urban local bodies as of Census

2001. Recently, a new district has been carved out in the State namely

Pratapgarh in 2008. Currently, there are 33 districts, 244 Tehsils, 249

Panchayat Samities and 9,166 Gram Panchayats. The State has a population of

56.5 million according to Census 2001.

According to the population projections by the technical group on population

projections constituted by the National Commission on Population, population

Projections for India and States 2001-2026, the projected population of

Rajasthan as on 1st July, 2009 is 6.60 crore (66.0 million). The decadal growth

rate of population of Rajasthan is 28.41 percent compared to 21.34 percent in

case of India. In Rajasthan, there is a slight decline in the decadal growth rate

from 28.44 during 1981-1991 to 28.41 during 1991-2001. In the last century

(1901 to 2001), Rajasthan’s population has grown by more than five times from

1.03 to 5.65 crore compared to India’s population, which has seen a

growth of more than four times, during the same period. The density of

population of the State is quite low at 165 persons per sq. km. with large scale

district level variations of 13 persons per sq. km. in Jaisalmer to 471 persons per

sq. km. in Jaipur. The State’s literacy rate stands at 60.4 percent. The overall

sex ratio is of the tune of 921 females per 1,000 males and the sex ratio

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amongst the 0-6 year population is 909 females per 1,000 males. The sex ratio

at birth in the State is masculine in nature at 870 female births per 1,000 male

births, which is lower than that of India (904 female births per 1,000 male births)

(SRS, 2006-08).The percentage of Scheduled tribes in the State is 12.6 percent.

It is one of the High Focus States under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM,

2005-2012).

Though, the State has shown some progress on the human development front

with the human development index showing progress from a rank of 12 in 1981

to 9 in 2001 amongst the 15 major States (National Human Development Report

2001), the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of health are far behind the

desired levels. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), which is considered to be one of

the most sensitive indicators of human development lies at 63 infant deaths per

1,000 live births compared to 53 per 1,000 live births in case of India (SRS,

2008). The Maternal Mortality Ratio of the State is 388 maternal deaths per

100,000 live births compared to 254 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in

case of India (SRS, 2004-06). It ranks third highest amongst the major States in

India. The percentage of institutional deliveries is also dismally low. The Total

Fertility Rate (TFR) is also at a high level at 3.3 births per woman compared to

2.6 at the all India level (SRS, 2008) making the National Population Policy (NPP)

2000 goal of reaching the replacement level of fertility

of 2.1 TFR and population stabilization a far-fetched dream. According to the

projection report of Census 2001 with projections from 2001-2026, Rajasthan is

projected to achieve replacement level TFR by 2021. The overall life expectancy

of the State is 62.0 years with 61.5 years for males and 62.3 years for females

(SRS based abridged life tables, 2002-2006). It has gained 12.8 years between

1970-75 and 2002-06 compared to 13.8 years gain in case of India during the

same period.

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Background of the Study

The Directorate of Economics and Statistics has been commissioned to conduct

a Study on the 5% post enumeration check of the DISE data. The District

Statistical Officers (DSOs) and Statistical Assistants (SA) were entrusted with the

task of collecting data by canvassing a semi-structured

schedule called the special Data Capture Format (DCF). The reference period for

the DISE data and the post enumeration survey (PES) are the same i.e.

September 30, 2009 for the districts of Ajmer, Dausa and Jaisalmer for the year

2009-10. In the present report, data for the three districts of Ajmer,

Dausa and Jaisalmer for the year 2009-10 has been presented. In total, 395

schools were covered in the three districts of Ajmer, Dausa and Jaisalmer of

Rajasthan. Out of which 302 were Government schools and 93 schools were

Private (the actual sample size was 395, but 7 schools were found

to be closed, out of which 3 were Government schools and 4 schools were

Private). The data presented here is based on the 388 schools, out of which, 299

were Government schools and 89 were private schools, which were found open.

The following findings are based on these 5% sample of schools covered in Post

Enumeration Survey of special DCF data.

Percentage of variation between 5% PES and DISE data

There seems to be some variation between the regular DISE data captured by

the DISE DCF and the special DCF of PES data. The two data sets have been

compared on some indicators of school management, enrolment, pupil teacher

ratio and availability of certain facilities and it is observed that there is variation

between the two sets of data.

In case of school management, the variation is higher in case of private aided

and private unaided schools, where none of the data is matching. In case of

schools being managed by the school education department, the variation is

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56.62 percent and in case of schools being managed by the local bodies, it is

46.43 percent. In case of total enrolment, the variation ranges from 1.62

percent in Dausa to 6.27 percent in Ajmer. This variation is higher in case of

private schools compared to Government schools.

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In case of avialbility of facilities in schools, the variation is 42.70 percent, 7.71

percent, 7.48 percent and 1.19 percent for availability of girls’ toilet, availability

of electricity, availability of playground and the availability of common toilet in

the schools respectively. The variation in the percentage of

girls’ toilets is due to fact that the Education Department has issued instructions

to schools to consider single toilets as girl’s toilets as a result of which, in the

DISE DCF, single toilets have been referred to as girls’ toilets. In case of the

number of pupils and teachers in the three districts, the

variation in case of number of students ranges from 5.92 percent in case of

Ajmer to 1.63 percent in Dausa and in case of number of teachers, 43.35

percent in case of Ajmer to no variation in case of Dausa. Variation is also

observed with respect to school type with 178 primary schools being reported in

PES compared to 185 schools reported in DISE data. The overall percentage of

variation computed between the two sets of data based on the data from the

above indicators available from the two sets of data reveals a variation of 4.75

percent.

Total Enrollment in the selected schools

Overall, in the three districts, the total enrollment upto upper primary in 2008-

09 was 51,859, out of which 28,720 were boys and the rest 23,139 were girls. In

Ajmer district, the total enrollment upto upper primary in 2008-09 was 28,036,

out of which, 14,985 were boys and the rest 13,051 were girls. In Dausa district,

the total enrollment upto upper primary in 2008-09 was 16,745, out of which

9,483 were boys and the rest 7,262 were girls. In Jaisalmer district, the total

enrollment upto upper primary in 2008-09 was 7,078, out of which, 4,252 were

boys and the rest 2,826 were girls. Overall, in

the three districts total enrollment upto upper primary in 2009-10 was 50,908,

out of which 27,898 were boys and the rest 23,010 were girls. In Ajmer district,

the total enrollment upto upper primary in 2009-10 was 28,157, out of which

4,964 were boys and rest 13,193 were girls. In Dausa district, the

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total enrollment upto upper primary in 2009-10 was 16,040, out of which 8,923

were boys and the rest 7,117 were girls. In Jaisalmer district, the total

enrollment upto upper primary in 2009-10 was 6,711, out of which, 4,011 were

boys and rest 2,700 were girls.

Enrollment of girls per 1,000 boys

Overall, in the three districts of Rajasthan, the number of girls enrolled per

1,000 boys in 2008-09 was 806. Among the three districts this figure is 871 for

Ajmer, 766 for Dausa and 665 for Jaisalmer. Overall, in the three districts of

Rajasthan, the number of girls per 1,000 boys enrolled in 2009-10 was 825.

Among the three districts, this figure was 882 for Ajmer, 798 for Dausa and 673

for Jaisalmer. It is lowest in case of Jaislamer as in case of the regular DISE DCF

data. The data reveals that, the total number of girls enrolled per 1,000 boys, in

the three districts has increased from 806 in 2008-09 to 825 in 2009-10. The

percentage increase, in girls’ enrollment per 1,000 boys, is

highest in Dausa district at 4.18 percent.

Enrollment of SC and ST

With regards to the enrollment by social category, the percentage of ST (12.05

percent) enrollment is low, compared to SC and others in the total of the three

districts in the year 2008-09. It has still declined to 11.33 percent in 2009-10,

which is a matter of concern in the 5% of the schools covered in the survey.

Filled up position of Teachers

Overall, the percentage of teachers post filled up against the total post

sanctioned in the three districts, is 87.93 percent, out of which, 96.07 percent

teachers post filled up in private school and 82.64 percent in government

schools. Overall, the percentage of teachers post filled up out of the total post

sanctioned, is highest in Dausa 92.43 percent and lowest in Jaisalmer (83.27

106

percent). In case of private schools, this figure is highest in Jaisalmer (98.21

percent) and lowest in Ajmer (95.75 percent). In case of government schools,

this figure is highest in Dausa (89.12 percent) and lowest in Jaisalmer (79.34

percent).

Type of schools for Girls or boys only or Co-education

Overall, in the three districts, 82.22 percent schools are Co-Ed, 12.37 percent

schools are only for boys and rest 5.41 percent are only for girls. The highest

percent of Co-Ed schools is in Jaisalmer (96.15 percent) and lowest in Dausa

(64.62 percent). The highest percent of schools which are only for boys is in

Dausa (30.77 percent) and lowest in Jaisalmer (1.28 percent). Similarly the

highest percent of schools, which are only for girls, are in Ajmer (7.22 percent)

and lowest in Jaisalmer (2.56 percent). Out of total schools in the 3

districtsamong the schools having primary only, 85.96 percent schools are Co-

Ed, 12.92 percent schools are only for boys and 1.12 percent schools are only

for girls.

Gender – wise teachers employed

In the three districts overall, 55.36 percent male and 44.64 percent female

teachers are working other than the headmaster. In primary, it is 50.30 percent

for male and 49.70 percent for female, whereas in upper primary, it is 56.91

percent for male and 43.09 percent for female.

Teachers present on the day of survey

Overall, 39.35 percent teachers were present on the day of survey out of total

working teachers. The highest percent of teachers were present in Jaisalmer

district (79.46 percent) followed by Ajmer (35.44 percent) and lowest was in

Dausa (31.01 percent).

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Primary education in Rajasthan, DISE, 2006-09 (in %)

Primary Education in Rajasthan, 2006-09

The District-wise Net enrollment ratio (NER) for the educational year 2008-09

reveals that the district with the highest NER is Jhunjhunu (99.99 percent)

followed by Sikar (99.94 percent) and the lowest NER is observed in case of

Jalore district (96.77 percent).

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Net Enrollment Ratio in districts of Rajasthan, DISE, 2008-09

(in %)

Net Enrolment Ratio in districts, 2008-09

The other significant MDG indicator of Literacy rate of 15–24 year-olds women

and men has been compared below with India, which reveals that amongst 15–

24 year-olds women and men, in case of Rajasthan the female literacy is lower

than the all India average, whereas, the male literacy is highe r than the all India

average

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Literacy R a te

The DISE data for the educational year 2008-09 as of September 30, 2008

reveals that there are more than one lakh schools in Rajasthan, in which there is

a total enrollment of 12.79 million children in the primary and upper primary

category. There are still about a little less than 1 lakh out of school children

(91,726). The Net enrollment ratio of Rajasthan is 99.25 percent and the pupil-

teacher ratio in the Government schools is 34.67. The percentage of children

who have passed with greater than or equal to 60 percent are 51.60 percent

and the number of girls per 1,000 boys enrolled is 813. Amongst the selected six

districts, Banswara has the highest number of schools (3,577) and Jaisalmer has

the lowest (1,596). The NER is highest in case of Jaisalmer (99.84 percent) and

lowest in case of Banswara (99.15 percent). The Pupil- Teacher Ratio (PTR) is

lowest in case of Kota (25.80) and the highest in case of Dausa (33.39). The

number of girls per 1,000 boys upto eighth class is highest in case of Dausa

(850) and Kota (850) and lowest in case of Jaisalmer (695).

110

TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA

INTRODUCTION

India is a world in herself - geographically distinct, culturally varied, an ancient

civilization that has over the years interacted with virtually all the world's races, creeds and

ideologies, yet has preserved the unique flavour which underpins and unites the diversity that

is India.

India, An ancient civilization with an

impressive lineage that over the centuries has

amassed a tremendous wealth of grandeur and

majesty. The Indian sub continent over a long

period has hosted countless numbers of

cultures, creating a land with diverse beliefs

where modern concerns mesh with

traditional values. On visiting this country one can witness intricately carved temples, gleaming

marble palaces, monastic retreats of the Himalayas and the dusty backwoods of the

countryside.

India has an ancient and diverse culture

stretching back to more than 5000 years.

Successive years of migration have been

absorbed into the culture giving it a distinct

physical, religious and racial variety as well as a

111

rich linguistic diversity. It has also been considered the oldest and the most resilient cultures in

the world. Modern India presents a picture of unity in diversity where people of different faiths

and beliefs live together in peace and harmony.

India is a land of fascination! Discover the

contentment in the exhilarating mountains, the

soothing backwaters, the tranquil beaches, the

enchanting waterfalls and the countless number

of exquisite arts forms, the exotic costumes, the

enchanting music, the spectacular art forms and

the majestic elephant rides. No other country on

earth evokes the human spirit as she does from spectacular mountain retreats to wildlife

sanctuaries to medieval palaces and from mesmerizing peoples to tropical forests to unspoiled

beaches. And much, much more India is truly a destination of the ages.

The destination of this century, India

meets the expectations of every type of tourist.

With her varied topography, picturesque valleys,

High Mountain peaks and cascading rivers, she

never ceases to surprise tourists with her

kaleidoscopic attractions. The pomp and

pageantry of India's festivals and local fairs are

matched by the warmth and hospitality of her

people who welcome tourists with open hearts and warm smiles.

112

India! The Land of Maharajas which has witnessed an era of civilization and human

evolution. Explore India and make India your next holiday destination she has something

fascinating for you. India is almost another world. Indian culture is as old as human civilization,

and is filled with intricately sculpted temples, architecturally orchestrated palaces, and

magnificently built forts.

Travel and Tourism one of the world's largest foreign exchange earner among industries,

provides employment directly to millions of people worldwide and indirectly through many associated

service industries. A very wide industry, it includes Government tourism departments, Immigration and

customs services, travel agencies, airlines, tour operators, hotels etc and many associated service

industries such as airline catering or laundry services, Guides, Interpreters, Tourism promotion and sales

etc. Travel and Tourism enterprises include major internationals with a workforce of thousands, to the

small private travel agent with a handful of employees.

Work in the travel and tourism industry is essentially concerned with providing services

for people who are away from home, on business or holiday. Travel can be leisure travel

involving package tours, pilgrim travel, and adventure travel etc or purely business. Work at

every functional level in the industry involves dealing directly with people. Travel agents assess

the needs of tourists and businessmen and help them make the best possible travel arrangements

from the many travel options available. Also, many major cruise lines, resorts, and specialty

travel groups use travel agents to promote travel packages to the millions of people who travel

every year. 

Travel company personnel must be up-to-date on current rules and regulations and

documentation required, in areas like cargo, ticketing and passports, visas etc. so as to correctly

advise their clients, and to take care of the paperwork when necessary. Besides this, all tourism

staff in marketing, counter sales, or guide services, should be knowledgeable about the places

their clients visit, in terms of general background, how to get there connections by air, rail and

road and the facilities available.

113

In India, Travel and tourism, as an industry, has been somewhat slower to take off than in many

other places. However, with increasing worldwide interest in travel, and with the Government's

encouragement of its activities, it is undergoing massive expansion and improvement.

HOW TO MARKET TOURISM

(THE 7 PS)

1. The Product Mix :

     

 

The tourism product is essentially an intangible thing. Also, because tourism is a multi-segment

industry, the task of formulating a product mix becomes more difficult & challenging.

Selling a holiday is ‘selling dreams’. The way to win the customer’s heart is through the

peripheral services provided along with the core product. Thus a tourism product is quite a complex

one, including the destination, airline seat, hotel room, occasional tangible products such as souvenirs, a

free bag or bottle of whisky, etc.

114

2. The Price Mix

In pricing decisions, the product or the service mix of the tourist organization is important.

They have to set prices in line with the quality of services to be made available to the customers.

Pricing decisions are influenced by internal and external factors. The tourism professionals are

supposed to watch the emerging trends in both the markets. They are required to think in favour

of discounting price. These may include discounts for cash payments, seasonal discounts, trade

discounts etc. But while offering the discounts, it is not to be forgotten that it may also create

image problem since some of the value sensitive tourists may doubt the quality.

3. The Promotion Mix

Creation of awareness has a far reaching impact. The tourist organizations bear the responsibility of

informing, persuading and sensing the potential tourists in a right fashion. The marketers need to use

the various components of promotion optimally so that they succeed in increasing the number of

habitual users.

Advertising :

Advertisement helps in furnishing important information to the actual and potential

tourists. Its coverage is wide. Advertising is aimed at the public to create awareness of the travel

offers available on a resort and its attractions to influence their business decisions. Intangibility

can be compensated with the help of visual exposure of scenes and events. We can project hotel

bedrooms, well arranged restaurants and cafeterias, swimming pools etc.

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4. Publicity:

It focuses attention on strengthening the public relations measures by developing a

rapport with media people and getting their personalized support in publicizing the business. It

helps in projecting the positive image of tourists organizations since the prospects trust on the

news items publicized by the media people. Eg. Kumarakom in Kerala after Prime Minister A B

Vajpayee’s visit. The publicity programme include regular publicity stories and photographs to

the newspapers, travel editors, contact with magazines on stories etc. There are different groups

in publicity, such as advertising publicity, projected publicity, structural publicity and personal

publicity.

Sales promotions:

Sales promotion measures are the short term activities seeking to boost sales at peak

demand periods to ensure that the firms obtain its market share and are used to help launch a new

product or support an ailing or modified one. The tool of sales promotions is designed to appeal

particularly to those customers who are price-sensitive. There are a number of techniques to

promote sale and the tourist professional need to use them in the face of their requirements vis-à-

vis the emerging trends in the business. Eg. In the tourism industry, a travel company offers

give-aways to their clients, such as flight bags, wallets for tickets and forex and covers of

passport.

5. Publicity:

It focuses attention on strengthening the public relations measures by developing a

rapport with media people and getting their personalized support in publicizing the business. It

helps in projecting the positive image of tourists organizations since the prospects trust on the

news items publicized by the media people.

Sales promotions: 

116

Sales promotion measures are the short term activities seeking to boost sales at peak demand

periods to ensure that the firms obtain its market share and are used to help launch a new product or

support an ailing or modified one. The tool of sales promotions is designed to appeal particularly to

those customers who are price-sensitive.

Word-of-mouth Promotion:

 Most communication about tourism takes place by word-of-mouth information which in a true

sense is word-of-recommendation. In the tourism industry it is found that the word-of-mouth promoters

play the role of a hidden salesforce, who instrumentalize the process of selling. The high magnitude of

effectiveness of this tool of promotion is due to high credibility of the channel, specially in the eyes of

the potential tourists

6. Place

Place or distribution management is concerned with two things – availability and

accessibility.

Researchers in tourism must determine how and where potential customers prefer to buy

tourism products and services.

Most tour operators sell their services through travel agents, however some deal directly with

the consumers and eliminate middlemen. Other companies may also utilize more than one

method of distribution. Airlines, for example, sell tickets through travel agents, and sell seats on

flights to tour operators, and also offer travelers to book seats themselves through their own

booking offices.

7. People

117

We can’t deny the fact that sophisticated technologies have been successful in accelerating the pace

of development. We also agree with this view that new generation of information technologies have

simplified the task of decision makers. At the same time we also have to accept the fact that the

sophisticated technologies can’t deliver goods to the development process if the employees operating

and maintaining these technologies are not of world class. Technologies need due support of human

resources who invent, innovate and develop technologies

118

Part1

TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA

INTRODUCTION

India is a world in herself - geographically distinct, culturally varied, an ancient

civilization that has over the years interacted with virtually all the world's races, creeds and

ideologies, yet has preserved the unique flavour which underpins and unites the diversity that

is India.

India, An ancient civilization with an

impressive lineage that over the centuries has

amassed a tremendous wealth of grandeur and

majesty. The Indian sub continent over a long

period has hosted countless numbers of

cultures, creating a land with diverse beliefs

where modern concerns mesh with

traditional values. On visiting this country one can witness intricately carved temples, gleaming

marble palaces, monastic retreats of the Himalayas and the dusty backwoods of the

countryside.

India has an ancient and diverse culture

stretching back to more than 5000 years.

Successive years of migration have been

absorbed into the culture giving it a distinct

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physical, religious and racial variety as well as a rich linguistic diversity. It has also been

considered the oldest and the most resilient cultures in the world. Modern India presents a

picture of unity in diversity where people of different faiths and beliefs live together in peace

and harmony.

India is a land of fascination! Discover the

contentment in the exhilarating mountains, the

soothing backwaters, the tranquil beaches, the

enchanting waterfalls and the countless number

of exquisite arts forms, the exotic costumes, the

enchanting music, the spectacular art forms and

the majestic elephant rides. No other country on

earth evokes the human spirit as she does from spectacular mountain retreats to wildlife

sanctuaries to medieval palaces and from mesmerizing peoples to tropical forests to unspoiled

beaches. And much, much more India is truly a destination of the ages.

The destination of this century, India

meets the expectations of every type of tourist.

With her varied topography, picturesque valleys,

High Mountain peaks and cascading rivers, she

never ceases to surprise tourists with her

kaleidoscopic attractions. The pomp and

pageantry of India's festivals and local fairs are

matched by the warmth and hospitality of her

people who welcome tourists with open hearts and warm smiles.

120

India! The Land of Maharajas which has witnessed an era of civilization and human

evolution. Explore India and make India your next holiday destination she has something

fascinating for you. India is almost another world. Indian culture is as old as human civilization,

and is filled with intricately sculpted temples, architecturally orchestrated palaces, and

magnificently built forts.

Travel and Tourism one of the world's largest foreign exchange earner among industries,

provides employment directly to millions of people worldwide and indirectly through many associated

service industries. A very wide industry, it includes Government tourism departments, Immigration and

customs services, travel agencies, airlines, tour operators, hotels etc and many associated service

industries such as airline catering or laundry services, Guides, Interpreters, Tourism promotion and sales

etc. Travel and Tourism enterprises include major internationals with a workforce of thousands, to the

small private travel agent with a handful of employees.

Work in the travel and tourism industry is essentially concerned with providing services

for people who are away from home, on business or holiday. Travel can be leisure travel

involving package tours, pilgrim travel, and adventure travel etc or purely business. Work at

every functional level in the industry involves dealing directly with people. Travel agents assess

the needs of tourists and businessmen and help them make the best possible travel arrangements

from the many travel options available. Also, many major cruise lines, resorts, and specialty

travel groups use travel agents to promote travel packages to the millions of people who travel

every year. 

Travel company personnel must be up-to-date on current rules and regulations and

documentation required, in areas like cargo, ticketing and passports, visas etc. so as to correctly

advise their clients, and to take care of the paperwork when necessary. Besides this, all tourism

staff in marketing, counter sales, or guide services, should be knowledgeable about the places

their clients visit, in terms of general background, how to get there connections by air, rail and

road and the facilities available.

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In India, Travel and tourism, as an industry, has been somewhat slower to take off than in many

other places. However, with increasing worldwide interest in travel, and with the Government's

encouragement of its activities, it is undergoing massive expansion and improvement.

HOW TO MARKET TOURISM

(THE 7 PS)

1. The Product Mix :

     

 

The tourism product is essentially an intangible thing. Also, because tourism is a multi-segment

industry, the task of formulating a product mix becomes more difficult & challenging.

Selling a holiday is ‘selling dreams’. The way to win the customer’s heart is through the

peripheral services provided along with the core product. Thus a tourism product is quite a complex

one, including the destination, airline seat, hotel room, occasional tangible products such as souvenirs, a

free bag or bottle of whisky, etc.

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2. The Price Mix

In pricing decisions, the product or the service mix of the tourist organization is important.

They have to set prices in line with the quality of services to be made available to the customers.

Pricing decisions are influenced by internal and external factors. The tourism professionals are

supposed to watch the emerging trends in both the markets. They are required to think in favour

of discounting price. These may include discounts for cash payments, seasonal discounts, trade

discounts etc. But while offering the discounts, it is not to be forgotten that it may also create

image problem since some of the value sensitive tourists may doubt the quality.

3. The Promotion Mix

Creation of awareness has a far reaching impact. The tourist organizations bear the responsibility of

informing, persuading and sensing the potential tourists in a right fashion. The marketers need to use

the various components of promotion optimally so that they succeed in increasing the number of

habitual users.

Advertising :

Advertisement helps in furnishing important information to the actual and potential

tourists. Its coverage is wide. Advertising is aimed at the public to create awareness of the travel

offers available on a resort and its attractions to influence their business decisions. Intangibility

can be compensated with the help of visual exposure of scenes and events. We can project hotel

bedrooms, well arranged restaurants and cafeterias, swimming pools etc.

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4. Publicity:

It focuses attention on strengthening the public relations measures by developing a

rapport with media people and getting their personalized support in publicizing the business. It

helps in projecting the positive image of tourists organizations since the prospects trust on the

news items publicized by the media people. Eg. Kumarakom in Kerala after Prime Minister A B

Vajpayee’s visit. The publicity programme include regular publicity stories and photographs to

the newspapers, travel editors, contact with magazines on stories etc. There are different groups

in publicity, such as advertising publicity, projected publicity, structural publicity and personal

publicity.

Sales promotions:

Sales promotion measures are the short term activities seeking to boost sales at peak

demand periods to ensure that the firms obtain its market share and are used to help launch a new

product or support an ailing or modified one. The tool of sales promotions is designed to appeal

particularly to those customers who are price-sensitive. There are a number of techniques to

promote sale and the tourist professional need to use them in the face of their requirements vis-à-

vis the emerging trends in the business. Eg. In the tourism industry, a travel company offers

give-aways to their clients, such as flight bags, wallets for tickets and forex and covers of

passport.

5. Publicity:

It focuses attention on strengthening the public relations measures by developing a

rapport with media people and getting their personalized support in publicizing the business. It

helps in projecting the positive image of tourists organizations since the prospects trust on the

news items publicized by the media people.

Sales promotions: 

124

Sales promotion measures are the short term activities seeking to boost sales at peak demand

periods to ensure that the firms obtain its market share and are used to help launch a new product or

support an ailing or modified one. The tool of sales promotions is designed to appeal particularly to

those customers who are price-sensitive.

Word-of-mouth Promotion:

 Most communication about tourism takes place by word-of-mouth information which in a true

sense is word-of-recommendation. In the tourism industry it is found that the word-of-mouth promoters

play the role of a hidden salesforce, who instrumentalize the process of selling. The high magnitude of

effectiveness of this tool of promotion is due to high credibility of the channel, specially in the eyes of

the potential tourists

6. Place

Place or distribution management is concerned with two things – availability and

accessibility.

Researchers in tourism must determine how and where potential customers prefer to buy

tourism products and services.

Most tour operators sell their services through travel agents, however some deal directly with

the consumers and eliminate middlemen. Other companies may also utilize more than one

method of distribution. Airlines, for example, sell tickets through travel agents, and sell seats on

flights to tour operators, and also offer travelers to book seats themselves through their own

booking offices.

7. People

125

We can’t deny the fact that sophisticated technologies have been successful in accelerating the pace

of development. We also agree with this view that new generation of information technologies have

simplified the task of decision makers. At the same time we also have to accept the fact that the

sophisticated technologies can’t deliver goods to the development process if the employees operating

and maintaining these technologies are not of world class. Technologies need due support of human

resources who invent, innovate and develop technologies

126

Part 2

Inbound and out bound tourism

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Foreign tourist Arrivals in india upto 2011

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Monthly wise

Foreign tourist Arrivals in india upto 2011

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130

Earning

In US Dollar

From Tourism in India

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

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