rainfed agro-ecosystem · 2004-07-08 · rainfed agro-ecosystem – tar-ivlp vii the importance of...

Rainfed Agro-EcosystemTechnology Assessment and Refinement

through Institute Village Linkage Programme

Annual Report2002-03

Agro-Ecosystem Directorate (Rainfed)

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECTCentral Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture

Hyderabad - 500 059

250 copiesMarch, 2004

Compiled by

Dr. G. Subba Reddy (Coordinator - TAR-IVLP)andDr. B. Venkateswarlu,Principal Production System Scientist

Under the guidance of

Dr. Y.S. Ramakrishna,Agro-Ecosystem Director

Assisted by

Dr. Ch. Srinivasa Rao, Senior ScientistDr. G. Ramesh, Research Associate

Published by

Dr. Y.S. RamakrishnaAgro-Ecosystem Director (Rainfed)Central Research Institute for Dryland AgricultureSantoshnagar, Hyderabad

Printed at: Heritage Print Services Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad.Phone: +91 (40) 2760 2453, 2760 8604; Fax: +91 (40) 2762 6042

PrefaceThe Rainfed Agro-Ecosystem occupies a distinct place in Indian agriculture,

as it constitutes nearly 67% of net sown area contributing 44% of grainproduction and supporting 40% population. Despite concerted efforts madein the past to improve the productivity of these areas by transferring improvedtechnologies, gains in terms of higher yield and income have not been spectaculardue to associated risks like aberrant weather, land degradation and poor socio-economic base of the farmers. Small and marginal farmers in rainfed areas havelittle surplus income to invest in a new technology and inputs.

Usually, technology development stops with laboratory and or research stations. The technologiesdeveloped had only signature of the scientist concerned and the requirements of farmers were rarelytaken into consideration. Hence, the benefits of research work are rarely commensurate with theefforts put in. Farmers participation is key to the successful adoption of improved agriculturaltechnologies. Unlike the top down traditional approach, the farmer and the farm assume centralplace in the present form of technology transfer. Improving crop productivity with declining naturalresource quality and increase off-farm activities to generate additional income are real challengesin rainfed farming. This could be possible only if the scientists and the farmers work together infield sharing their knowledge and experiences.

Keeping this aspects in view, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research has launched a projecton “Technology Assessment and Refinement through Institute Village Linkage Programme (TAR-IVLP)” under the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP). The Rainfed Agro-EcosystemDirectorate of the NATP at CRIDA is implementing the programme at 24 centers across the country.The main objectives of this programme are to achieve stability and sustainability of production inrainfed areas. Key methodologies in this innovative programme include Participatory Rural Appraisal,focus group interactions, prioritization of the problems and development of action plan withinvolvement of the farmers and implementation of the technology modules pertaining to the assessmentand refinement of technologies for wider adoption in rainfed areas.

The on-farm research programmes under TAR-IVLP are mainly based on farmers perspective andimplemented with their active involvement. The analyses of the experiences at 24 TAR-IVLP centersacross the country provide an insight in to the problems faced by the farmers and the ability ofthe farmers to draw plans to improve their livelihoods and to achieve the desired goals to improveproductivity of various agricultural enterprises in holistic manner. I have no doubt that the experiencesdescribed in this report shall set a new trend in the participatory on-farm research in India.

This report contains comprehensive information on the progress achieved by TAR-IVLP during2002-03. I compliment Dr.G.Subba Reddy, Coordinator, TAR-IVLP programme, Dr.B.Venkateswarlu,PPSS, Dr.Ch.Srinivasa Rao, Senior Scientist (Soil Science), Dr.G.Ramesh, Research Associate and otherteam members in compiling and brining out this valuable report. Mr.V.Srinivas and Mr.Y.Bhaskarachariof the NATP Cell have contributed immensely in typing and preparing the manuscript.

Y.S. RamakrishnaMarch, 2004 AED (Rainfed)

ContentsSl.No. Item Page #

Executive Summary vii

Introduction 1

1. Rainfed Rice based production system 5

2. Oilseeds based production system 22

3. Cotton based production system 35

4. Nutritious Cereals based production system 45

5. Pulses based production system 64

6. Publications 68

Annexure-I Details of training programmes conducted by 74different centers under TAR-IVLP

Annexure-II List of success stories documented under 83TAR-IVLP in Rainfed Agro Ecosystem

Annexure-III Addresses of the PI and Nodal Officers of TAR-IVLP 86centers under Rainfed Agro-Ecosystem

Annexure-IV Budgetary details TAR-IVLP centers 91

Annexure-V Participation of the core team of 92Rainfed Agro Ecosystem Directorate in differentSite Committee Meetings held during 2002-2003

Annexure-VI Assessment and Refinement of Technologies 93in different TAR-IVLP centers

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Rainfed Agro-Ecosystem – TAR-IVLP

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The importance of location specific developmentof appropriate technologies, keeping in view agroecological, socio-economic and cultural parametersneed to be emphasized in technology adoption.The technologies that are developed through on-station research often failed to comply with thefarmers requirement and thus do not get transformedin to practices. Keeping this in view, the IndianCouncil of Agricultural Research launched the“Technology Assessment and Refinement throughInstitute Village Linkage Programme” throughNational Agricultural Technology Project with24 net work centers under rainfed agro ecosystemin 1999.

The concept of holistic approach for the villagedevelopment through the participation of farmers,agricultural labourers, rural artisans by adoptingmulti-disciplinary approach is getting translatedinto reality under this programme. Thediversification in land use, refinement of cropproduction technologies, integration of livestockfarming in rainfed agriculture, development ofskills of farmers and income generationactivities among rural women are focusedduring this year.

The main objectives of this programme are toassess the potentials of rainfed technologiesthrough verification trails and refinement oftechnologies under different microfarmingsituations through on-farm trials with activeinvolvement of the farmers. The methodologiesin this innovative programme are to characterise

the natural resources by PRA tools through agroecosystem analysis, identification of felt needsof farmers through focus group interaction,prioritization of problems and development ofaction plan with the involvement of the farmers,identification of technologies for implementationof the technological modules, documentation oftechnological modules focusing biophysical andsocioeconomic parameters. Major thematic areasemphasized in 24 network TAR-IVLP centersinclude natural resource management, crops andcropping systems, integrated nutrient and pestmanagement, agro forestry, livestock and genderbased interventions to bring the stability andsustainability in rainfed areas. The core team ofscientists in different TAR-IVLP programmesdeveloped effective linkages with local researchorganizations, Department of Agriculture andAnimal Husbandry and NGOs and worked as afacilitator in implementing the programme inholistic manner. The significant achievementsmade by different IVLP centers are summarizedbelow:

Rainfed rice based productionsystem

TAR-IVLP centers in rice based productionsystem includes Ranchi (Jharkhand), Hassan(Karnataka), Raipur (Chhattisgarh), Nagaon(Assam), Cuttack and Koraput (Orissa). Theimproved rice variety Vandana in rainfed uplandsand Gayatri in rainfed lowlands, hybrid rice(PHB-71) during summer at Cuttack, maize

Executive summary

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(NAC-6004) at Hassan, rice (IR-64) at Raipur,Vandana and Kalinga III in upland Tnar II situationsat Ranchi, fingermillet (VL-149), onion (N-53),marigold (Giant Double African Yellow) andginger (Suprava) at Koraput, marigold (OrangeDrop and Lemon Drop) at Ranchi were found suitableto get higher and stable yields. More than 50%of farmers are adopting Vandana and Gayatri inrainfed uplands and lowlands, respectively in IVLPand surrounding villages of Ranchi and Koraputcentres. Improved marigold varieties Orange Dropand Lemon Drop with improved managementpractices were adopted by innovative farmers atRanchi and Koraput centers for higher income.At Nagaon, TS-36 variety of toria recorded additionalreturns of Rs.4000/ha compared to local.

Among cropping systems, intercropping ofrice + pigeonpea (4:1), rice-watermelon,rice-tomato at Cuttack, maize + pigeonpea (6:1or 4:2) maize+castor (6:1), fingermillet+pigeonpea (8:1) at Hassan, rice-coriander,rice-lathyrus, rice-chickpea, fingermillet+pigeonpea (5:1) systems at Raipur, rice-oat,rice-bottlegourd at Ranchi gave 30 to 40%profitability compared to the traditional sole crops.Rice-bottlegourd became popular by 30% of thefarming community at Ranchi, rice-pigeonpea (4:2)was adopted on a large scale by the majorityfarmers at Cuttack.

Integrated nutrient management practice(30:20:20 NPK/ha) with 2 t FYM/ha in rainfeduplands 60:30:30 NPK /ha in rainfed lowlandsand 80:40:40 in dalua rice gave additional grainyields by 74, 52 and 39% at Cuttack, respectively.In bunded rice fields at Raipur, use of 25 kg zincsulphate per ha in rice gave 30% additional returns

over recommended dose of nutrients per hectare.Use of azospirillum and PSB as a components ofIPNS reduced the cost of fertilizer by 20% comparedto the use of recommended dose of nutrientsalone at Raipur. In Nagaon district of Assam, 70farmers covering 10 ha adopted INM package forrice focusing green manuring with dhaincha.Glyricidia cuttings @ 5 t/ha + biofertilizers (PSB)+ potassium culture enhanced the productivityof jholla land paddy at Koraput compared to thefarmers practice of 50 kg N/ha.

Bunding the upland rice fields (50 cm widthand 25 cm height) at Cuttack, line sowing acrossthe slope after opening a furrow at 5 m intervalenhanced the productivity of rice and niger by20 to 25% as compared to the no conservationpractices. Line seeding behind the country plough,improved beaushening (gap filling and additional10 kg N/ha) enhanced the productivity of uplandand low land rice by 15 and 43%, respectivelyat Cuttack. Use of adjustable power operatedmulticrop inter cultivator, multicrop thresherfor paddy at Hassan, line sowing of rice byBhoramdeo seed drill at Raipur reduced the timeof operation and cost by 50% and 30%, respectively.

The integrated pest management in rainfedrice with neem based insecticides in combinationwith monocrotophos at Raipur enhanced theproductivity by 20% as compared to chemicalinsecticides.

Use of Barbari cross ram for upgradation oflocal sheep, Kalinga brown in the homesteadfarming at Cuttack, rearing of Black Bengal xBlack Beetal buck for higher survivability rateand mineral and vitamin mixture to improve themilk yield at Ranchi, deworming with Albomar


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1 ml/5 kg body weight for decreasing mortalityin sheep, use of piperazine (10 ml/animal) orallyto reduce the incidence of endo parasite at Koraputwere found promising to improve the health oflivestock besides getting the profitability overthe traditional management practices.

As a part of income generation activities, rice-fish culture with improved fish species of Rohu,Mrigal, Catla and Carps with 1:1:1:1 ratio atNagaon and 20:30:25:25 Catla, Rohu, Mrigal andCarps at Cuttack enhanced the yield by 100%over farmers practice of improper stock ratios.The non-land based activity like Italian honeybee cultivation, raising oyster mushroom withniger sticks, rearing Vanaraja layer in free caresystem were found profitable enterprises for incomegeneration under small production system atKoraput. At Ranchi, improved bee keeping withApis indica yielded 40 kg honey/box in 6 extractionsin a year compared to the farmers’ practice ofcollection of bee colonies from wild condition.The TAR-IVLP centers in rainfed rice basedproduction documented 21 success stories forwider adoption of technologies by the farmingcommunity this year.

Oilseed based production system

In oilseeds based production system, the TAR-IVLP programmes are implemented in Junagadh(Gujarat), Bhopal, Indore and Jabalpur (MP)and Bharatpur (Rajasthan). The improved varietiesof lentil (JL-1, JL-3), fieldbean (JawaharSem-3) and chickpea (JG-322) at Jabalpur, soybean(NRC-2), potato (Laukar and Chipsona-1) atIndore, mustard (PCR-10), wheat (Raj-3765)and tinda (Ludhiana) at Bharatpur, hybrid tomato

(Rashmi), brinjal (NBH-80) and cauliflower(Madhuri) at Bhopal, okra (Gurajat-2) and wheat(GW-273) at Junagadh gave 40 to 50% higheryields as compared to respective local varietiesin rainfed environment. The farmers in IVLPvillage at Indore replaced the existing soybeanvariety Samrat in 40% of the area with NRC-2 and MAUS-47. At Bhopal, the crops of marigold(Sierra Orange, Pusa Basanth), pigeonpea (ICPL-87119) and maize (NLD) were found profitableunder delayed sowing conditions. Majority offarmers in the project village were acceptedpigeonpea, marigold and maize as alternative cropsfor soybean.

Intercropping of cotton + groundnut (1:2),cotton+seasum (1:4) at Junagadh, soybean+maize(4:2), chickpea+mustard (4:2) at Bhopal,maize+cowpea+horsegram at Bharapur,soybean+maize (4:2) at Indore were foundprofitable cropping systems (30-50%) overrespective sole crops. The maize+soybeanintercropping system at Bhopal was adopted in49 ha area with involvement of 60-70% of farmersin IVLP villages. Farmers opined thatmustard+chickpea intercropping system effectivelycontrolled the pod borer due to pungent smellof mustard.

Use of elemental sulphur @ 20 kg/ha alongwith the foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4 and0.2% citric acid reduced yellowing in groundnut,besides increasing productivity and profitabilityby 31% over the farmers practice at Junagadh.Soil application of castor cake contributed (500kg/ha) for controlling of collar rot in groundnut.Use of potassium along with zinc to therecommended dose of nutrients in soybean was

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adopted by 10% of the farmers in IVLP villagesof Jabalpur. The IPM practice in soybean at Bhopalincreased the yield by 23% over continuous useof chemical fertilizer alone.

Adoption of BBF method as in situ rainwatermanagement technique in soybean at Indore,deep tillage in groundnut at Junagadh helped toimprove the drainage in Vertisols besides increasingthe yields (15-20%). Sowing of rainfed wheatalong with contours increased the productivity(14%) and profitability (16%) compared to theno conservation practice (1870 kg/ha) at Bhopal.

Use of strip-till drill and inclined plate planterreduced the cost of operation to Rs.3260/ha ascompared to the farmers practice (Rs.4600/ha).These machines are acceptable by almost all farmingcommunity in IVLP villages of Bhopal centredue to establishment of custom hiring centre.Use of multi crop thresher minimized the seeddamage of soybean and chickpea (2-3%) andenhanced the germination percentage by 11-15%and net returns of Rs.15-100/ q of grain over thefarmers practice of local power thresher. Thedrudgery of farm women is reduced through theuse of improved farm tools like hand wheel hoe,serrated Naveen sickle, groundnut decorticatorand manual maize sheller.

At Bhopal, the IPM module (summer deepploughing + seed treatment with Trichodermaviridae and foliar spray of Nimbecidin @ 0.05%,HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha, pheromone traps @ 10/ha + bird perching @ 60/ha) increased the podyield by 20% in pigeonpea by effective controlof pod borer over the framers practice. Thistechnology was adopted on 42 ha involving 32farmers in IVLP villages and 8 ha with 18 farmers

in nearby non-IVLP villages. Agri-horti systemof mango with turmeric, colocasia, soybean+chickpea recorded additional gross returns by25, 19 and 10%, respectively compared to thesole crop (Rs.200000/ha). Introduction of papayacrop (Pusa Dwarf) gave the net profit of Rs.18600/ha as compared to the farmers practice of soybean-wheat system.

Deworming with Albendazole or Piperazine,wheat and soybean straw with mineral mixtureimproved the productivity of milk in cows by9 and 12%, respectively compared to the farmerspractice at Jabalpur.

Cotton based production system

The technological modules under cotton basedproduction system were assessed and refined byTAR-IVLP centers at Akola and Nagpur(Maharastra), Warangal (A.P) and Ajmer (Rajasthan).The improved varieties of cotton (PKV-Rajat andhybrid PKV hy-2) and sorghum (CSH-14 andSPH-388) at Akola, cotton (Narasimha) at Warangaland desi cotton (AKA-7) and marigold (Africanvariety Golden Sierra) at Nagpur recorded 30-50% higher yields as compared to respective localvarieties under rainfed environment. The hybridcotton PKV hy-2 was found tolerant to suckingpests, which resulted 57% higher yield over farmersvariety (420 kg/ha). Twenty six farmers in theproject village and 8 farmers in adjoining villagesat Nagpur adopted AKA-7 desi cotton during thisyear. About 46% of the farmers in the projectvillage grown improved variety of African marigold(Golden Sierra) during this year. The improvedcotton variety Narasimha (Warangal) was adoptedin 40 ha of area in the center since it is more stablethan hybrid Brahma in rainfed Alfisols.


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Three tier intercropping system with cotton+sorghum+pigeonpea (6:2:2), cotton + greengram(1:1) at Akola, maize +pigeonpea- maize+fieldbeanat Warangal, cotton +groundnut (1:2) and cotton+pigeonpea (8:2) at Nagpur were found profitableand realized the net benefit ranging from 14-26%as compared to respective sole crops. At Nagpur,farmers received 50% higher profitability fromcotton +groundnut (1:2) system compared tothe sole crop of cotton. This practice was adoptedby 36 and 18 farmers in project and outsideproject villages, respectively. Among high valuehorticulture crops mandrine+marigold gave highestBC ratio (3.0) followed by marigold (2.9) alonein Vertisols of Nagpur.

The INM practice involving RDF +Azotobacter + PSB, use of zinc sulphate (50 kg/ha) along with RDF in maize were foundeconomically optimum and gave stable productivityin cotton under rainfed environment (23-50%)at Nagpur. The seed treatment with Rhizobiumin soybean contributed for enhancement of theyield at Nagpur.

Alternate furrow opening and sowing acrossthe slope in cotton was adopted as in situ moistureconservation technology in 20 ha area by 50farmers at Akola. This practice contributed for26% more yield over the farmers practice. Drysowing of cotton in first and second week ofJune, ridge and furrows at first interculture operationenhanced the productivity and profitability by11 and 16%, respectively over the farmers practiceat Nagpur.

Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum(4 g/kg) reduced the plant mortality in cotton.Use of IPM modules (resistant variety for sucking

pests, deep ploughing, early sowing, trap cropof marigold and foxtail millet, tricho cards, sprayof HaNPV 250 LE/ha) at Akola and Nagpurcenters enhanced the productivity of cotton (17%)and profitability (26%) compared to the farmerspractice of using pesticides alone. More than50% of farmers in IVLP village at Akola wasadopted this technology during this year.

Improved poultry breed Giriraja andintroduction of sheep farming with 10 lambs/family for marginal farmers at Warangal, use ofmineral mixture to improve the productivity ofmilch animals in Nagpur and Ajmer were foundsuitable management practices to get higher incomethrough animal based interventions.

Nutritious Cereal basedProduction System

The technological modules under nutritiouscereal based production system is being carriedout by Hyderabad (AP), Bangalore, Dharwad(Karnataka), Jhansi (UP), Udaipur (Rajasthan)and Vengurle and Nagpur (Maharastra).

The improved varieties and hybrids of castor(Kranti, Jyoti, DCH-177 and DCH-32), chickpea(ICCV-2), safflower (A-1), sorghum (Pusa Chari),maize (African Tall) at Hyderabad, littlemillet(TNAU-63), rabi sorghum (SPV-1359), groundnut(GPBD-4) and pigeonpea (Maruthi) at Dharwad,chilli (PMR-14 and PMR-19) at Bangalore, castor(Kranti), bottle gourd (Samrat), brinjal (Krishna)and sunflower (SS-56) at Solapur, sorghum (CSV-15), soybean (PK-1042), groundnut (ICGS-44),wheat (HG-2189), tomato (PDVR-2) and hybridmaize (PHEM-2) at Jhansi, improved foddersorghum (Pusa Chari), fodder miaze (African

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Tall) at Nagpur and rice (Sahyadri, Jaya), groundnut(Kokan Gaurav, Phule Pragati) and horsegram(Dapoli-1) at Vengurle registered the yield incrementand profitability (40-60 %) compared to thelocal varieties in rainfed environment.

Sorghum + pigeonpea (3:1) at Hyderabad,little millet + pigeonpea – horsegram system atDharwad, improved fingermillet (GPU-28) on60% and pigeonpea (HY-3C) on 40 % area, mixedinter cropping of sorghum + cow pea + dolichos,spinach, french bean and coriander in banana atBangalore, pearlmillet+ mothbean (2:1), sunflower+ pigeonpea (2:1), castor + cluster bean (1:2)at Solapur, sorghum – coriander, sorghum +chickpea, cotton – coriander, soybean – wheatand sorghum – fodder maize (African Tall) inshallow Vertisols and cotton – wheat (HD-2189),soybean – chickpea (Vijay), soybean – foddermaize (African Tall) and sorghum – chickpea indeep Vertisols at Nagpur were found profitableunder different micro-farming situations.

Use of 10-13-0 NPK/ha as basal along with20 kg N/ha as top dressing to the castor atHyderabad were found economically optimumin terms of B:C ratio as compared to the RDF(50-30-0 NPK/ha) under rainfed conditions. AtBangalore, balanced nutrition with FYM (5 t/ha)+ rhizobium seed treatment along with 68:38NP kg/ha was found optimum for finger milletunder rainfed environment. Use of biofertilizersalong with NPK @ 12.5:25:0 per ha in sole pigeonpeain deep black soils, FYM 7.5 t/ha with biofertilizersalong with 100:50:50 NPK/ha in okra under limitedirrigation at Solapur and RDF + Azatobacter +0.5 t/ha dung slurry thrice in cotton (LRK-516)at Nagpur were found efficient to get higher

profits (30-60%) as compared to the applicationof RDF in respective crops.

Conservation furrows and additional intercultureduring the dry spell and application of 10 kg Nafter relief of dry spell at vegetative and floweringstages in sorghum+pigeonpea and castor enhancedthe productivity (20-30%) at Hyderabad. About60% of the small and marginal farmers are adoptingthese simple measures to mitigate the droughteffect in rainfed crops. Crescent and trapezoidalbunding for establishment of MPTs in degradedlands, rubble/pebble mulch, ridges and furrowsin cotton, cowpea and pigeonpea mixed croppingat Dharwad, tank silt application @ 3 t/ha + 1 tragi husk and 200 kg brick waste in fingermilletat Bangalore, compartmental bunding in pigeonpeaand sunflower, micro catchments before on setof monsoon and dry grass in basin of ber plantsat Solapur were found efficient rainwaterconservation technologies for stability of productionin rainfed lands.

Use of cultural methods and collection of lateinstar larvae of RHC in castor, neem basedformulations to control earhead bug in sorghumand Heliothis in pigeonpea at Hyderabad, IPMmodules with use of insecticides, trap crop,pheramone trap, HaNPV and parasite release incotton and chickpea at Dharwad, soil applicationof 250 kg neem cake/ha at flowering in dolichosand pigeonpea, two sprayings of neem oil (2%)in okra, use of pongamia soap (1%) at 20, 30,40 and 50 DAP to control diamond back mothin cabbage at Bangalore, use of pheramone trap@ 5/ha, lure @ 10/ha, neem seed extract (5%)and HaNPV (250 ml/ha) against hairy caterpillarand pod borer complex in sunflower+pigeonpea


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at Solapur, spraying of NPV @ 625 ml/ha in linesown chickpea at Jhansi were found as economicallyprofitable practices to get higher yields inrainfed environment.

Tamarind + cenchurus horti-pastural systemat Hyderabad, intercropping of coriander withbanana at Bangalore recorded the additional returnsby 15 and 20% , respectively as compared to thesole crops.

Use of hand operated fodder cutter at Bangalore,5 peg toothed hoes at Solapur and serrated sickleat Jhansi were efficient in reducing drudgery andincreasing the efficiency of farmwomen inperforming various agricultural operations.

Urea molasses mineral block in cows andbuffaloes at Hyderabad, broken maize grain (15%)along with concentrate (50 kg) and mineral mixtureat Bangalore and mineral supplements (8 kg saltlick for 8 months) at Solapur were found toenhance milk yield of cows (15-30%) as comparedto the traditional farming practices. Upgradationof local breed Osmanabadi buck at Solapur showedgood performance by increased average weightat birth (200-250 g/kid) and more body weightgain after 6 months (2-2.5 kg/animal) over localbuck. Mineral vitamin supplement (Mustomix)@ 30-50 g/day in concentrate increased theconception rate (60%) as compared to no vitaminsupplement at Udaipur.

Pulses based Production System

The TAR-IVLP centre of IIPR, Kanpur isimplementing the programme at Hamirpurdistrict under pulse based production system.Improved varieties of mungbean (Samrat andNarendra Mung-1), urdbean (IPU-94-1),

pigeonpea (Narendra Arhar-1 and Amar),sesamum (Type-78 and TKG-22), wheat (Lok-1, Raj 1555 and PBW-343), mustard (Varunaand Vaibhav), linseed (Laxmi-27 and Neelam)and tomato (Type-2) were found profitable byrealizing the additional yields to the extent of40-50% as compared to the respective localvarieties in Bundhelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.The improved varieties of mungbean (Samratand Narendra Mung-1) were found tolerant tothe incidence of YMV. While, pigeonpea varietiesNarendra Arhar-1 and Amar were more tolerantto root rot and wilt. More than 60% of thefarmers in the project village are willing tocultivate the improved variety of pea (HUDP-15) during this rabi season.

The cropping systems, pigeonpea (Bahar) +sorghum (CSV-15) in 2:1, chickpea (BG-256)+ mustard (Vaibhav) and chickpea + linseed(6:2) were found profitable in releasing the netbenefit of 40% compared to the respective solecrops. The intercropping of chickpea+ mustard(6:2) recorded similar profits on clay loam andloam soils.

The INM practices includes use ofrhizobium culture along with RDF in rainfedupland pigeonpea and lentil gave 15%increased yields over the recommended practiceof fertilizers alone.

Among various IPM modules, seed treatmentwith Trichoderma harzianum was found to be themost beneficial followed by two summerploughings + seed treatment with thiram +carbendazim in lentil, one spray of 0.4%Monocrotophos and second spray of NSKE (5%)after 15 days enhanced the productivity (15%)

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compared to the control (813 kg/ha). The neemseed kernal extract became very popular in thevillage. Use of pheromone trap and spray ofNSKE as a part of IPM module to control podborer in chickpea became most popular amongthe farmers of IVLP villages in Hamirpur districtof Bundhelkhand region.

Human resource management

The TAR-IVLP centers under Rainfed AgroEcosystem is involved in organizing 251 trainingprogrammes on crop production, croppingsystems, integrated nutrient and pest managementsystems, dryland horticulture and improvementof livestock with the involvement of 7390farmers during this year. For wider adoption oftechnologies number of exposure visits to variousresearch organizations and farmer melas organisedto improve their livelihoods.

Linkages

The IVLP centers under Rainfed Agro Ecosystemis continuing the collaboration with relevant research

organizations of ICAR, SAUs, State Dept. ofAgriculture, animal husbandry and other relevantinstitutions like KVKs in implementing the varioustechnological modules for higher and stableincome. Further, the Rainfed Agro EcosystemDirectorate developed linkages with PSR andATMA of NATP projects and Division ofAgriculture Extension, ICAR and PMU of NATPin finalization of technical programmes andperiodical monitoring of various activities.

Workshop and group meetings

The progress of various activities and action planof different IVLP centers were discussed andfinalized during the annual workshop ofTAR-IVLP held at IIPR, Kanpur during March4-5, 2003. Further, the core team of NATP RainfedAgro Ecosystem participated during the sitecommittee meetings to monitor the progress ofTAR-IVLP centers. Frequent visits of subject expertsfrom CRIDA and Division of Agriculture Extension,ICAR helped in effective monitoring of TAR-IVLPcenters in respect of technical and financial aspects.


1

Introduction

Success of rainfed agriculture to a great

extent depends on efficient resource

management. It is increasingly being realized

that alignment of research objectives with local

agricultural and resource management practices

through participatory approaches is absolutely

necessary for development of appropriate farmer

oriented technologies. This is particularly important

if the farmers belong to risk prone and low

income categories. It is only through involvement

of such farmers that their needs and aspirations

in development of technologies can be adequately

dovetailed. Eventually, the investments in the

agricultural research are likely to fall short of

expectation in terms of output, if the results have

poor takeoff and impact. Hitherto, technologies

generated at the research station were thrusted

upon the farmers in the technology transfer

programmes without understanding their real

life situation and the social milieu of which they

are a part. Farmers were passive participants in

this ‘Take it’ or ‘Leave it’ approach.

Keeping these aspects in view, the Indian

Council of Agricultural Research launched a project

on “Technology Assessment and Refinement

through Institute Village Linkage Programme”

which gives central importance to the farmers’

needs, resources and local environment. Farmer

is treated as an active partner at both decision-

making and implementation stages in this research

and technology transfer programme. The over

all objective of the project is to use the research

information in such a way that it matches well

with the on-farm situations.

In order to critically analyze the crop and area

specific problems and potentials, the rainfed areas

have been divided into five major production systems

(Fig 1) viz., rainfed rice based, oilseed based,

cotton based, nutritious cereal based, and pulse

based. As a part of the technology assessment and

refinement under NATP, the Rainfed Agro Ecosystem

is implementing the TAR-IVLP programmes through

24 centres spread across the country. The location

of the centres along with their resource characteristics

is presented in Table and Figure.

Each centre is operating depending on the

appropriateness with 8 major themes: Varietal

performance, Integrated pest management (IPM),

Natural resource management (NRM), Integrated

nutrient management (INM), Water management

(WM), Post-harvest value addition (PHVA),

Post-harvest technology (PHT), and Socio-

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2

economic (SE) Research. The technologies

generated in these themes are given priority and

finally passed to district extension system

including 24 pilot districts identified for

implementation of innovative technologies

through project Agricultural Technology

Management Agency (ATMA).

Objectives

The specific objectives of the TAR-IVLP are

➠ To assess and refine technologies for stability,

sustainability and profitability in order to enhance

productivity of small production systems.

➠ To assess the impact of refined technologies

in different production systems.

➠ To identify extrapolation domains and outer

limits for new technology modules and link

with the extension system within the district.

➠ To address gender specific issues.

Characteristics of IVLP centres

Production system Centre AESR Soil type Rainfall (mm)

Rice based BAU, Ranchi 12.3 Oxisols 1200-1400

KVK, Hassan 8.2 Alfisols 1030

IGAU, Raipur 11.0 Entisol, Alfisol, Inceptisol, Vertisol 1200-1600

CRRI, Cuttack 12.2 Oxisols 1500

OUAT, Koraput 12.1 Alfisols 1522

AAU, Assam 15.4 Entisols and Alfisols 1600-1800

Oilseeds based NRCG, Junagadh 5.1 Vertisols 550-600

CIAE, Bhopal 10.1 Medium to deep Vertisols 1000-1500

NRCRM, Bharatpur 4.1 Inceptisols 645

NRCS, Indore 5.2 Vertisols 800-1000

JNKVV, Jabalpur 10.1 Deep Vertisols 1000-1500

Cotton based PDKV, Akola 6.3 Medium to deep Vertisols and alkaline 750-950

ANGRAU, Warangal 7.2 Alfisols 900-1500

KVK, Ajmer 2.3 Vertisols 525

CICR, Nagpur 10.2 Vertisols and degraded Alfisols 600-1000

Nutritious cereal based CRIDA, Hyderabad 7.2 Alfisols 760

IIHR, Bangalore 8.2 Alfisols 650-900

KKV, Dapoli 19.2 Inceptisols 2400-4000

MPKV, Solapur 6.1 Vertisols 500-750

UAS, Dharwad 6.4 Vertisols and Alfisols 750

IGFRI, Jhansi 4.4 Vertisols 640

MPUAT, Udaipur 4.2 Aridisols 600

NBSSLUP, Nagpur 10.2 Vertisols 1150

Pulses based IIPR, Kanpur 4.3 Inceptisols and Vertisols 746-1100


3

Fig. Location of TAR-IVLP centres under Rainfed Agro Ecosystem

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Methodology

➠ The village selection for each IVLP-TAR

centre is based on have no urban influence,

absentee land lordism, be representative of

the eco-region in terms of soils, rainfall,

crops and production system with a community

comprising of several religions, castes, socio-

economic status etc. with little or no impact

of modern agricultural techniques.

➠ After building up rapport with the farmers,

the exposure visits were organized to get

awareness on potentials of rainfed technologies.

An agro-ecosystem analysis was carried out

with participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools

and techniques. Space, Time, Flow, Decision

and Gender analysis.

➠ The soil conditions, seasonality, cropping patterns

and preference to crops and their requirements

were assessed through focus group interactions.

The problems of the farmers in each village

were prioritized with farmer’s participation

considering their needs and resources.

➠ Based upon agro-eco system analysis and

prioritization of the problems as perceived

by the farming community in each village,

action plan was developed for different micro

farming situations for assessment of the

potential technologies through verification

trials and refinement of technologies through

on-farm trials.

➠ The core team of multi-disciplinary IVLP

scientists and the farmers together decided

the nature of interventions. Identification of

the problems and available technologies for

assessment and refinement under different

production systems in all the centres was

made in consultation with technologists of

a multidisciplinary team.

➠ The technological modules pertaining to

the arable cropping, agro forestry and livestock

based interventions were implemented with

the farming community after identifying

the homogenous groups under on-farm

situations. The output of these interventions

were documented in terms of biophysical,

economical and social parameters at each

TAR-IVLP centre.

➠ As per NATP guidelines, monitoring and

evaluation exercise was initiated at AED (RF).

The technical programmes of different TAR-

IVLP centres under different production

systems were discussed and finalized in April

every year under the chairmanship of Deputy

Director General (Extension), ICAR and

Director, AED (RF).

➠ The programmes at each centre were

improved by frequent interaction with scientists

of Rainfed Agro Ecosystem Directorate at

CRIDA and also Project Monitoring Unit

of Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR.


5

1

Rainfed Rice based Production System

A number of interventions in rainfed rice

based production system including cropping

systems, crop management and livestock production

have been tried at Cuttack, Raipur, Ranchi, Hassan,

Nagaon and Koraput centers.

Varietal Performance

In the IVLP village of Cuttack district, rice

variety Vandana in rainfed uplands and Gayatri

in rainfed lowlands performed extremely well on

farmer’s fields. The grain yields were higher by

50 and 80% as compared to local varieties of

Sattia (1850 kg/ha) under upland and Gangakuli

(2550 kg/ha) under low land conditions (Table 1).

Hybrid rice PHB-71 which was introduced

first time in IVLP village gave 20% additional

yield over HYV Lalat / CR 749-20-2 (4250 kg/

ha) during summer under irrigated conditions.

At Hassan, a composite variety of maize

(NAC-6004) recorded additional yield of 410

kg/ha besides higher tolerance (40%) to downy

mildew as compared to Deccan 101 (1840 kg/ha).

Farmers realized gross returns of Rs.10125/- and

Rs.8280/- with B:C ratio of 1.69 and 1.48,

respectively for NAC-6004 and Deccan-101.

Short duration variety of rice IR-64 showed

higher grain yield (28%) and net profitability

Performance of rice varieties Vandana in rainfed uplands and Gayatri in rainfedlowlands on farmers fields in Cuttack district

NATP – CRIDA

6

(Rs.3936/ha) as compared to the local (2450

kg/ha) due to greater tolerance to the terminal

drought at IVLP site of Raipur. At Ranchi

short duration rice variety Vandana recorded

higher grain yield (348kg/ha) and B:C ratio

(1.74) than that of Kalinga-III under farmers

management conditions in upland Tanr I and

II situations. The increment in yield and

profitability of this variety is attributed to

higher tillering capacity (10/plant) and test

weight of seeds (39g).

At Koraput, VL-149, a short duration

fingermil let variety recorded higher

yield (25%) and profitabil ity (9.7%) as

compared to the local check variety Koraput

Local (680kg/ha) (Fig. 1). In case of onion

high yielding variety N-53 recorded 75%

increased yield and additional returns of

Rs.32000/- over local variety (820kg/ha).

Marigold, another high value flower crop,

is popular among small farmers in Koraput

and Ranchi districts. The marigold variety

Giant Double African Yellow recorded 200%

higher yield and addit ional net returns

(Rs.65,000/ha) over local variety (500kg/ha)

at Koraput (Table 2).

At Ranchi, cultivation of improved marigold

varieties, Orange Drop and Lemon Drop with

improved management practices could produce

additional 130% and 110% flower yields than

traditional marigold grown under Tanr-II

and III situations with farmer management

practices (Fig.2). Ginger variety Suprava on

raised bed with mulching produced 120%

higher yield as compared to the local variety

and farmers’ management (1800 kg/ha). At

Nagaon, toria variety TS-36 produced 35%

higher grain yield and 111% more income over

local variety (836 kg/ha) with the B : C ratio of

1.91 and 1.44, respectively (Table 1).

Orange Drop (IP)Local (FM) Lemon Drop (IP)

Fig. 1: Performance of improved fingermillet (VL-149)on farmers fields at Koraput

Fig. 2: Performance of marigold varietiesat Ranchi


7

Table 1: Performance of improved varieties of various crops in different IVLP centers under rainfed ricebased production system

Center Test crop Treatments Yield (kg/ha) Gross returns B:C ratio

Grain Stalk (Rs/ha)

Hassan Maize DC-101 1840 2250 8280 1.48

NAC-6004 2230 2250 10125 1.69

Raipur Rice Local 2450 2500 13980 0.93

IR-64 3140 3200 17916 1.35

Poornima 2417 2485 13797 0.82

Cuttack Rice Rainfed uplands

Sattia 1850 3050 11700 1.20

Vandana 2850 3350 17350 1.74

Rainfed lowlands

Gangakuli 2550 4850 16450 1.57

Gayatri 4650 6450 28800 2.13

Sarala 3850 5150 23750 1.83

Ranchi Rice Kalinga III 1389 2803 19040 3.42

Vandana 1737 3487 26160 4.66

Fodder Local 1960 - 3.00

Deenanath grass + 1702 - 18175 4.5250:30:20 kg NPK/ha

Wheat Local 2080 3970 1.76

PBW-443/HUW234 3289 1970 32500 3.89

Marigold Local 8160 - - 2.61(Flower yield) Lemon Drop 19320 - - 4.76

Nagaon Toria Local 836 - 10868 1.44

TS-36 1131 - 14703 1.91

Improved variety of fingermillet (VL-149)on farmers’ fields at IVLP village, Koraput

Giant Double African Yellow - a high yieldingmarigold variety at Koraput

NATP – CRIDA

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Cropping Systems

At Cuttack, among cropping system

interventions, intercropping of short duration

rice (Cv. Vandana) with long duration pigeonpea

(UPAS-120) in 4:1 ratio gave higher monetary

returns (30%) compared to sole cropping of rice

in rainfed uplands (Table 3 and 4). Among crop

sequences under rainfed low land situations, rice-

watermelon gave the highest net returns (Rs.17,000/

ha) followed by rice – tomato (Rs.15,000/ha)

and rice-horsegram (Rs.5100/ha), but rice-tomato

sequence gave highest net return of Rs.15,000/

ha followed by rice-horsegram which gave Rs.5100/

ha under rainfed upland conditions.

At Hassan, maize + pigeonpea (6:1 or 4:2)

recorded higher gross returns (17%) compared

to maize + castor in 6:1 ratio (Rs.11,475/ha).

Fingermillet + pigeonpea (8:1) gave additional

gross returns (73%) and B:C ratio (1:2.0) as

compared to farmers practice of mixed cropping

of sorghum and fingermillet (1:1.5). Maize +

soybean (4:2) intercropping recorded B:C ratio

of 1:1.46 compared to farmers practice (1:1.37)of

maize + local castor (8:1).

Table 2: Performance of improved varieties of different crops in TAR-IVLP center of Koraput

Crop Treatments Yield Cost of Additional Incremental B:C(kg/ha) inputs returns cost (Rs/ha) ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Marigold Local 500 5000 - - -

Giant Double African Yellow 1500 2500 2000 65000 3.00

Finger millet Koraput local 680 50 - - -

VL-149 850 137 850 - 9.70

Onion Local 820 5000 - - -

N-53 1460 6000 32000 1000 32.00

Watermelon var. Sugar baby after lowlandrice in Cuttack district

Intercropping of maize + soybean (4:2) onfarmers’ field at Hassan


9

In Raipur district, paddy – coriander sequence

cropping gave highest gross income (Rs.13000/

ha) followed by paddy – lathyrus and paddy –

chickpea. Intercropping of fingermillet (VL-149)

+ pigeonpea (Umerakote) in 5:1 ratio enhanced

the yield (76%) and additional returns (Rs.2,550/

ha) at Koraput over sole fingermillet (670kg/ha).

At Ranchi, improved varieties of wheat (HUW-

Table 3. Profitability of intercropping in rice based production system

Center Treatments Yield Cost of Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) cultivation income income ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Cuttack Sole rice 2650 9500 16100 6600 1.69

Rice + pigeonpea (4:1) 1950 + 1150 11000 25950 14950 2.36

Hassan Fingermillet + sorghum (FP) 1050 + 1500 3550 5362 1812 1.50

Fingermillet + pigeonpea (8:1) 1200 + 280 4450 9300 4850 1.20

Fingermillet + dolichos (8:1) 1250 + 250 4525 8312 3787 1.80

Fingermillet + castor (8:1) 980 + 300 5050 9565 4515 1.90

Maize + castor (6:1) (FP) 1550 + 250 7850 11475 3625 1.47

Maize + pigeonpea (6:1) 1830 + 330 7700 13185 5485 1.70

Maize + pigeonpea (4:2) 1400 + 490 8550 13650 5100 1.60

Maize + soybean (4:2) 1330 + 230 7400 10125 2725 1.46

Maize + soybean (2:2) 1150 + 175 6500 7275 775 1.11

Ranchi Sole wheat 2080 - - - 1.76

Wheat + chickpea 3050 + 1190 8355 32500 24145 2.89

Koraput Sole fingermillet 670 - - - -

Fingermillet + pigeonpea (5:2) 680 + 180 - - - 5.00

Table 4: Performance of rabi crops in rice fallows in different IVLP sites

Center Treatments Yield Cost of Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) cultivation income income ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Cuttack Rice – fallow - - - - -

Rice – horsegram 950 2500 7600 5100 3.04

Rice – tomato 10500 10500 26250 15750 2.50

Rice – greengram 850 3500 11050 7550 3.16

Rice – watermelon 11500 6000 23100 17100 3.85

Ranchi Rice – oat (cv-Kent) 5400 7240 20200 12960 2.79

Rice – maize (Suwan –1, 4000 7488 15200 7712 2.03Birsa maize-1)

Rice – bottle gourd 16000 4806 27200 22394 5.65

Rice –pea 2705+ 800 9500 22895 13395 2.41

NATP – CRIDA

10

234) with chickpea (Pant-114) in intercropping

system recorded additional net returns of Rs.24145/

ha and B:C ratio 3.89 as compared to the sole

crop of wheat with local variety under farmers’

management (B:C ratio 1.76). In respect of cropping

systems, bottle gourd recorded the highest net

returns (Rs.22394/ha) followed by pea (Rs.13395/

ha) and oat (Rs.12960/ha) in rice fallows.

Integrated Nutrient Management

Integrated nutrient management (30:20:20 kg

NPK along with 2 t FYM/ha) in rainfed uplands,

balanced dose of NPK 60:30:30 in rainfed low

lands and 80:40:40 in dalua rice gave additional

grain yield of 74, 52 and 39%, respectively in

rainfed uplands, lowlands and dalua rice over farmer

practice of 20 kg N/ha application at Cuttack

(Fig.3). In rainfed uplands, a technological module

i.e. HYV Vandana, line seeding behind the country

plough, INM (FYM 2 t/ha + NPK 30:15:15 kg/

ha), mechanical weeding and need based plant

protection increased the grain yield by 122% over

farmers variety and method of cultivation.

In bunded rice fields at Raipur, use of 100:60:40

kg NPK + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha increased the net

returns by 130% with B:C ratio of 1.36 compared

to farmer’s practice of 60:20:0 kg NPK/ha with

B:C ratio 0.63. Farmers were convinced about

the application of zinc for balanced nutrition in

zinc deficient soils. Use of PSB and BGA, a low

cost source of nutrients at recommended levels

has enhanced the productivity of rice by 475 and

315 kg/ha, respectively as compared to the farmers

practice (1535 kg/ha) (Table 5). But combined

use of BGA + PSB along with farmers method

of fertilizer application recorded additional yield

of 1005 kg/ha with net returns of Rs.6844/ha

compared to farmer’s practice (Rs.1151/ha). The

use of NPK (100:60:40) along with azospirillum

and PSB proved most beneficial combination of

IPNS by producing 1534 kg/ha additional rice

yield and Rs.7318/- additional net returns compared

to farmers method of imbalanced fertilizer use

and no biofertilizers (1830 kg/ha, Rs.4227/ha).

In Nagaon district of Assam, 70 farmers

covering 10 ha in IVLP villages and 40 farmers

in non-IVLP villages have adopted INM package

for rice including green manure. Green manuring

with dhaincha followed by rice with 50%

recommended dose of fertilizer increased the grain

yield by 52% as compared to the farmers practice

of no green manuring and fertilizer application

(3020 kg/ha). The advantage of green manuring

for sustainable rice production was realized by

majority of farmers in Assam (Table 5).Fig. 3: Integrated nutrient management in different

micro farming situations at Cuttack


11

Soil application of biofertilizers (Azospirillum

and PSB @ 5 kg each/ha) + 40:20:20 kg NPK/

ha enhanced the productivity of kharif potato by

14% and additional returns by Rs.6600/ha and

application of 120:60:60 kg NPK/ha with full P

and K as basal and N in 2 equal splits recorded

the additional return of Rs.40800/- compared to

the farmers’ practice of application of 40:20:20

kg NPK/ha alone, in the farmers fields at Koraput.

Glyricidia cuttings @ 5t/ha+ biofertilizer (PSB

+ potassium culture) enhanced the productivity

of jholla land paddy by 28% and B:C ratio (4.4)

compared to the farmers practice of application

of 15 kg N/ha at panicle stage (1800kg/ha).

Where as glyricidia cuttings @ 5 t/ha at the time

of puddling increased the yield by 17% and B:C

ratio by 7.9 compared to the farmers practice

(Fig. 4).

Rainwater Management

Bunding the upland rice fields at Cuttack (50

cm width and 25 cm height) increased not only

the grain yield (3.05 t/ha) but also gave higher

Table 5. Integrated nutrient management on productivity and profitability in rice

Center Treatments Yield (kg/ha) Cost of Gross Net B:Cintervention income income ratio

Grain Straw (Rs/ha) (Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Nagaon No green manuring 3023 - - 17836 - 1.30and fertilizer

Green manuring with 3852 1000 22726 - 1.55Dhaincha alone

Green manuring with 4606 2125 27175 - 1.72Dhaincha+50% RDF

Green manuring with 4932 3125 29099 - 1.73Dhaincha+100% RDF

Raipur No biofertilizer (FP) 1535 1675 - 8791 1151 0.15

FP+BGA 1850 1930 - 10569 2919 0.38

FP+PSB 2010 2150 - 11499 3839 0.50

FP+PSB+BGA 2540 2660 - 14514 6844 0.89

No green manure (FP) 2680 2795 - 15310 9085 1.45

NPK 100:60:40 3640 3700 - 20766 13666 1.92

NPK 100:60:40 4120 4250 - 23523 15983 2.11through GM

Fig. 4: Testing of bio farming options in jholla landpaddy at Koraput

NATP – CRIDA

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cost: benefit ratio (1.87) compared to unbunded

fields (2.15 t/ha and B:C ratio of 1.55) (Table

6). Line sowing across the slope after opening

a furrow at 5 m interval enhanced the productivity

of niger (22%) and additional returns (Rs.504/-)

compared to the farmers practice of broadcasting

(1280kg/ha) at Koraput (Fig.5).

Improved Crop ManagementPractices

Line seeding behind country plough recorded

71% increased grain yields over traditional method

of broadcasting at Cuttack. Improved weed

management (mechanical weeding with finger

weeder in line seeded crop twice at 15 and 30

DAS followed by one manual weeding) gave 20%

higher grain yield over the farmers practice (manual

weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS) and reduced

the cost of weeding by 60% in rainfed uplands.

Line seeding behind country plough, integrated

nutrient management (FYM 2 t/ha + NPK 30:15:15

kg/ha), mechanical weeding and need based plant

protection increased the grain yield by 122 per

cent over farmers method of cultivation. Similarly

in dalua rice, a module consisting of use of HYV

(CR 749-20-2), row planting (15x15cm spacing),

balanced use of nutrients (NPK 80:40:40kg/ha),

chemical weed control and need based plant

protection increased the grain yield by 58% over

farmers variety and traditional method of cultivation

(Table 7).

Bunded rice field at Cuttack for rainwater management

Table 6: Rainwater management on productivity and profitability of lowland rice at Cuttack

Parameters No bunding Improved practice (50cm width & 25cm(FP) height bunding around the field)

Grain yield (kg/ha) 2150 3030

Straw yield (kg/ha) 2650 3850

Cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) - 1500

Gross returns (Rs/ha) 13150 18700

Net returns (Rs/ha) 4650 8700

BC ratio 1.55 1.87

Additional BC ratio - 3.7

Fig. 5: Influence of moisture conservation technologieson yield and additional returns of niger at Koraput


13

Adjustable power operated multicrop

intercultivator at Hassan has reduced the time

of operation by 50% and cost of weeding operation

by 60% in fingermillet, paddy and sorghum (Table

8). Threshing of paddy by multicrop thresher

reduced the cost of threshing by Rs.127/- and

Rs.52/t compared to person and pair of bullocks,

respectively (Rs.185/t) (Table 9).

At Nagaon, mulching with plastic film (50µ

thick) in tomato-okra sequence increased the

yield by 44% and net returns by 82% compared

to the farmers practice (15.3 t/ha). Integrated

weed management through application of butachlor

@ 2 kg a.i/ha at 2-3 days DAS followed by one

manual weeding at 30 DAS in ahu rice increased

the yield by 29.5% with BC ratio of 1.47 compared

to the farmers practice (2495 kg/ha and BC ratio

1.32) and this practice reduced the weed population

Table 7. Effect of improved management practices on productivity and profitability of rice

Center Crop Treatments Yield (kg/ha) Cost of Gross Net B:C

Grain Straw cultivation income income ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Cuttack Upland Rice Broadcast seeding (FP) 1550 2350 8100 9700 1600 1.20Row seeding behind 2650 3200 8700 16175 7475 1.86the plough at 20 cm

Shallow Broadcasting and 3450 4350 10500 21150 10650 2.01Rainfed traditionalLow land Rice beaushening (FP)

Improved beaushening 4850 5650 12500 29500 17000 2.36(gap filling & nitrogenapplication)

Upland Rice Manual weeding (FP) 2550 3150 10500 15600 5100 1.49Weed management 3050 4350 9000 18950 9950 2.11by finger weeder

Raipur Rice Farmers Practice - 1950 2000 - 11130 4030 0.57Broadcast biasino weedicideLine sowing by Indira 3050 3125 - 17407 9575 1.28seed drill + AnilophosLine sowing by 3280 3300 - 18702 11002 1.43Bhoramdeo seeddrill + Anilophos

Improved (left) and farmers practice (right) of ricecultivation on farmers field at Cuttack

NATP – CRIDA

14

(27.27/m2) over farmers practice of weed

management (121.6/m2).

At Koraput, high turmeric yields were realized

by the farmers with improved management practice

of growing high yielding variety Surama on raised

bed with mulching by 155% with an additional

returns of Rs.74400/ha compared to the farmers

practice of growing local variety on flat bed

without mulching (5600 kg/ha). Similarly, in case

of ginger improved management practice i.e. HYV

Suprava on raised bed with mulching increased

the yields (121%) and additional returns (Rs.82000/

ha) over farmers practice (6800 kg/ha).

Line sowing of rice by Bhoramdeo seed drill

with application of pre emergence herbicide

anilophos at 7 DAS recorded highest grain yield

(3280 kg/ha) followed by Indira seed drill with

anilophos application (3050 kg/ha) compared to

farmers practice with BC ratios of 1.43, 1.28 and

0.57 respectively at Raipur. Farmers were

convinced with seed drills and its utility for

maintaining optimum plant population with low

seed rate. To reduce the weeding cost by application

Table 8. Assessment of interculture tools in fingermillet, paddy and sorghum at Hassan

Parameters Manual weeding Bullock drawn Adjustable powerby Khurpi blade harrow multicrop inter cultivator

Tillage depth (cm) 3-4 5-7 7-10

Field coverage (ha/day) 0.06 2.5 6.25

Power developed (hp) 0.10 0.50-0.75 >3.00

Field efficiency (hrs/ha) 0.025 0.160 0.310

Operation cost (Rs/day) 50 270 192

Cost required (Rs/ha) 1000 425 192

Table 9.Assessment of multicrop thresher in threshing of paddy at Hassan

Parameters Hand beating Stone roller Multi crop thresher

Grain threshed /day (kg) 160 2400 8000

No. of man day required 1 6 7

No. of bullocks day required - 6 -

Total labour wages @Rs.40/man/day 40 240 280

Total cost of threshing (Rs) 40 570 1480

Cost/t threshed (Rs) 312.50 237.50 185.00

Fig. 6: Yield improvement in turmeric through improvedvariety and management practices at Koraput


15

of pre emergence weedicides in transplanted rice,

various herbicides were evolved at farmers fields.

Among 3 weedicides tested pendimithalin (@ 1

kg a.i/ha) was found to be the affective with

grain yields of 3255 kg/ha and BC ratio of 1.26

over farmers method of no weedicide application

(1650 kg/ha, BC ratio 0.29).

Increasing productivity of niger (6630 kg/

ha) was obtained through improved seed (N5/

Birsa Niger 1) and balanced dose of nutrients

(25:25:25 kg NPK/ha) over farmers seed and

farmers method of fertilizer application. The

highest additional returns (Rs.7158/ha) and BC

ratio 2.11 were recorded with improved practice

compared to the farmers practice (Rs.1156/ha,

BC ratio 1.20) at Ranchi.

Integrated Pest Management

At Cuttack, integrated pest management in

rainfed rice (resistant variety Lalat + seedling

root dip with chloripyriphos + pheromone traps

@ 20 traps/ha) has controlled the stem borer

incidence effectively and increased the grain yield

by 61% over farmers practice.

Use of neem based insecticides in combination

with monocrotophos increased the grain yield of

rice (2477 kg/ha) and net returns (Rs.4743/ha)

compared to the farmers practice of no pesticide

application (1581 kg/ha). Majority of the farmers

were highly convinced about insect management

by using neem based bio-pesticides and insecticides,

which are cheaper and eco friendly at Raipur

(Table 10).

Incidence of wilt in tomato grown after rice

under rainfed medium land conditions (Tnar III

and Don III) was managed through improved

varieties (Arka Alok and Arka Abha) under farmers

management at Ranchi. Wilt incidence observed

was 74% in farmers variety whereas it was 10

and 12 % respectively in Arka Alok and Arka

Abha under farmers management conditions.

Maximum yield (9843 kg/ha) and additional

returns (Rs.9975/ha) were obtained in Arka Abha

followed by Arka Alok (9137 kg/ha, Rs.6675/

ha). It was found that the yield of tomato was

4556 kg/ha in farmers variety.

Spraying dimethoate @ 1.7 ml/l at 20-25

days after sowing and chloripyriphos @ 2ml/

l at 50% flowering stage reduced the pod

damage to 0% and leaf rust to 5% over farmers

method of pest control (methyl parathion

@ 2 ml/l) at the time of pod formation in

Line seeding of rice behind the country plough forhigher yields at Cuttack

NATP – CRIDA

16

cowpea under rainfed situation at Hassan.

The pod borer incidence was 15% and leaf rust

was 30% in farmers practice. The additional

yield due to improved practice was 240 kg/ha,

which was 50% higher over farmers practice

(480 kg/ha).

At Nagaon, only 1.1 and 1.4 per cent

incidence of late blight and bacterial wilt in

tomato was observed by spraying ridomil

MZ-72 @ 2 g/l and 3 indofil M-45 @ 2.5 g/l

each 3 sprayings in alternate applications

starting from middle of December at an interval

of 10 days and soil drenching with plantomycin

@ 40 ppm at 15, 30 and 45 DAT, where as in

farmers practice the incidence was 18.7 and

21.6 per cent for late blight and bacterial wilt

respectively. The yield increase was 58.8 per cent

in control plot over farmers’ method of disease

management (11813 kg/ha) with B:C ratios of

1.83 and 1.29, respectively.

Cowpea under farmers management (left) and protected with improved management (right)

Table 10. Effect of integrated pest management practices on productivity of rice

Center Treatments Yield (kg/ha) Cost of Gross Net B:Ccultivation income income ratio

Grain Straw (Rs/ha) (Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Cuttack Control (FP) 2800 3350 13500 17075 3575 1.26

IPM module 4500 4150 16700 26825 10125 1.61

Raipur No Insecticide (FP) 1581 1600 - 9017 1592 0.21

Need based application 2080 2350 - 11937 3867 0.48of Monocrotophos(2 sprays)

Neem based 2477 2500 - 14125 6335 0.81insecticide (half dose) +Monocrotophos (half dose)


17

Livestock Production

Use of Barbari cross ram for upgradation of

local sheep has resulted in higher birth weight

(0.5 kg) and growth rate of off springs at IVLP

site of Cuttack (Fig. 7). Introduction of improved

poultry breed Kalinga Brown in the homestead

farming enhanced the body weight at birth (0.25

kg/bird), survival (18%), egg laying capacity (80/

year) and weight of the hen (1.4 kg/hen) compared

to the local in IVLP village at Cuttack (Table 11).

While at Ranchi this breed gave more number

of eggs (95/year), more weight (6 g/egg) and

additional returns of Rs.625/- compared to local

breed (Table 11). Rearing of Black Bengal X Beetal

buck resulted in higher survivability rate of kids

(10%), higher body weight (200g) and an average

additional income per family could be increased

to Rs.10,000/- provided each family keeps 5 improved

goats compared to the local goat in tribal families

at Ranchi. Use of mineral and vitamin

supplementation to feed the milch cows resulted

in milk yield of 5 l/day and B:C ratio of 3.11

compared to the farmers practice of no mineral

supplements (2.5 l/day and 2.75) (Fig.8).

At Koraput, feeding of kids with mineral

supplements @ 5g/day/kid gave decreased mortality

Table 11. Performance of improved strain of poultry in IVLP villages

Cuttack Ranchi

Parameters Local Kalinga Brown Local Kalinga Brown

Body weight (kg) 0.65 0.8-0.9 - -

Survival (%) 75-80 98 - -

Start of egg (days) 180 175 - -

Egg laying capacity/year 60-70 150-160 115 210

Weight of egg (g) 50 42-58 43 49

Weight of hen (kg) 1.3-1.6 2.5-3.0 - -

Returns per Rs. spent - - 1.85 2.75

Fig. 7: Evaluation of performance of improved breedof goat (Barbari cross) at Cuttack

Fig. 8: Effect of mineral and vitamin supplementationin increasing the milk yield of milch animals

NATP – CRIDA

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by 12% and increased body weight by 2.45 kg

to get additional returns of Rs.123/kid with the

incremental cost of Rs.54/kid. Regular deworming

with Albomar 1 ml/5kg body weight in sheep

decreased the mortality by 20%, increased the

body weight by 1.25 kg/kid and resulted in higher

net returns of Rs.58/kid compared to the no

deworming (Table 12). Deworming with piperazine

@ 10 ml orally after birth to be repeated after

21 days was found to be more efficient in reducing

the no. of endoparasite eggs/g of buffalo faeces

compared to drenching of Baidanka spine 1 g/

calf once after detecting the infestation (FP) and

control (no deworming) (Fig 9).

At Nagaon, the improved medication reduced

the disease incidence (84%), increased milk production

(72%) and BC ratio 18.26 (Table 13) as compared

to the farmers method of medication to control

lice, mites and liver fluke in cattle. Similar gains

are noticed in respect of goat (Fig.10). Milch animals

(cow) were treated with Caldived + Famitone @

50 ml/cow/day for 10 days, then COFECW @ 2

tab/cow/day for 10 days followed by PRAJANA

HS 3 capsules/cow/day for 2 days continuously to

improve the fertility status. After the treatment per

cent fertility recovery was found to be 70 and per

cent reduction in inter calving period is 57.2 compared

to farmers practice of no medication.

Fig. 9 : Testing of ITK for deworming ofbuffaloe calves

Fig. 10 : Control of lice, mites, humpsore,helminthiosis and liverfluke of goat

Table 12: Effect of mineral supplementation and deworming mortality and growth performance of kids

Treatment Technical Observations Economic Indicators

Mortality Body wt Increase Cost of Incremental Addl. B:C(%) at 9 months in body inputs cost Return* ratio

(kg) wt (kg) (Rs/kid) (Rs/kid) (Rs/kid)

FP (no mineral supplementation) 28 10.30 - - - - -

Mineral supplement @ 5 g/day/kid 16 12.75 2.45 54 54 123 2.28

FP (no deworming) 30 12.10 - - - - -

Deworming with Albomar 1 ml/5kg 10 13.35 1.25 5 5 63 12.6body weight

*Sale price: Rs.50/kg live weight


19

At Hassan, use of pestobion and panacure

to control endo and ecto parasites in milch animals

improved the animal health and gave consistency

in milk production. The milk yield of 1225 liters

in 305 days and increased income of Rs.2000 was

recorded over farmers practice (975 l/305d). Farmers

were satisfied with this intervention due to stability

in milk yield.

Income Generation Activities

Improved management technology of fish

culture in terms of appropriate ratio and fish

species of Rohu, Mrigal, Catla and Carps (1:1:1:1)

at Nagoan gave higher yield (64%) and income

(192%) as compared to farmers practice (2730

kg/ha). Similarly, at Cuttack appropriate ratio of

Catla : Rohu : Mrigal : Common Carp (20:30:25:25)

has given 100% yield increase over farmers practice

of improper stocking ratio (750 kg/ha) and economic

indicators are given in Table 14.

Non-land based activities like Italian

honey bee keeping (Table 15), raising oyster

mushroom with niger sticks as a substrate

and rearing of poultry bird Vanaraja in free

range system have been identified as suitable

enterprises for income generation under small

production system.

At Koraput, farmers harvested 35 kg honey/

box with an traditional returns of Rs.3900/box

by rearing of Italian honey bee Apis mellifera

compared to the farmers practice of rearing

Indian bee Apis cerena indica (8 kg honey/box)

(Table 15). Growing of Oyster mushrooms as a

household activity fetched the farmers with

additional returns of Rs.96/bed and returns/rupee

spent was 11.3.

Table 13. Influence of improved veterinary practices on yield and economic parameters in cow and goatat Nagaon

Parameters Before veterinary After veterinarymedication medication

Cow

Average yield (l/cow/lactation) 165 285

Additional cost of intervention (Rs/treatment) - 92

Average gross income (Rs/cow/lactation) 2310 3994

Additional average income (%) - 72.72

Additional return/rupee spent - 18.26

Goat

Average body weight (kg/goat) 4.8 6.5

Additional cost of intervention (Rs/treatment) - 92

Average gross income (Rs/goat) 384 520

Additional average income (%) - 136

Additional return/rupee spent - 1.48

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Raising HYV vegetables and fruits in backyard

by farmwomen produced enough fresh vegetables

for home consumption and sale. This not only

helped to solve the problem of malnutrition but

Table 14. Improved management technology in rice-fish culture system

Center Parameters Farmers Appropriate no, ratiopractice and fish species

Nagaon Pisciculture aloneAverage yield (kg/ha) 2730 4484Additional cost of intervention (Rs./ha) 4680 -Average gross income (Rs./ha) 91000 185310Additional average income (%) - 191.65BC ratio 2.31 5.34

Rice-fish cultureAverage yield (kg/ha) 1320 1874Additional cost of intervention (Rs./ha) - 1468Average gross income (Rs./ha) 43276 53660Additional average income (%) - 69.36BC ratio 1.65 2.17

Cuttack Fish yield (kg/ha) 7500 1500Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) 15000 23000Gross returns (Rs./ha) 18750 45000Net returns (Rs./ha) 3750 22000BC ratio 1.25 1.96Additional BC ratio - 3.28

Composite fish culture – Catla : Rohu : Mrigal : common carp (20:30:25:35)

also ensured an additional return for resource

poor tribal farmers.

At Ranchi, improved bee keeping with Apis

indica yielded 40 kg honey/box in 6 extractions

Italian bee keeping and Oyster Mushroom production: Income generation activities fortribal farmers in Koraput district


21

Table 15. Testing of improved apiary under highaltitude condition at Koraput

Parameters FP (Apis Apiscerena melliferaindica)

Yield of honey (kg/box) 8 35

New colonies generated/box 2 2

Cost of inputs 900 3200

Incremental cost - 2300

Additional returns - 3900

Return/rupee spent - 1.70

in a year compared to farmers practice of collection

of bee colonies from wild condition (12 kg honey/

box in 3 extractions). The return/rupee spent was

Rs.1.92 with additional returns of Rs.1824 in improved

practice where as Rs.1.4 in farmers practice. Improved

duck fish culture at Ranchi yielded 1978 kg/ha

fish over farmers practice (938 kg/ha). It has been

observed that maximum growth of fish was 2.5

kg in case of gross carp, 2 kg in common carp,

250 g in Mrigal, 300 g in Rohu and 500 g in Catla

in 6 months. Similarly, ducklings (Khaki campbell)

have shown growth of 1-1.5 kg in 6 months with

average production of 20 eggs/month. The return/

rupee invested was 2.61 in improved practice and

1.95 in farmers practice.

As a part of the human resource development,

the TAR-IVLP centers upgraded the skills of the

farmers by conducting need based training

programmes to improve the technological modules.

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2

Oilseeds based Production System

The interventions for technology

assessment and refinement under oilseed

based production system were implemented at

Junagadh (Gujarat), Bhopal, Jabalpur and

Indore(M.P.), and Bharatpur (Rajasthan).


High yielding variety of okra (Gujarat-2) at

Junagadh produced higher yield (34%) and gross

monetary return (49%) over the local variety

(8940kg/ha). Use of high yielding wheat variety

(GW-273) resulted increased grain yield by 24%

and gross monetary returns by 34% over

farmer’s variety of Lok-1 (2896 kg/ha).

At Bhopal, hybrid tomato (Rashmi), brinjal

(MBH-80) and cauliflower (Madhuri) gave higher

yields by 57, 47 and 83%, respectively as compared

to the local varieties. In respect of soybean, JS-90-

41 and NRC-12 recorded additional grain yield of

530 and 470 kg/ha and additional income of Rs.4500

and Rs.3700/ha compared to the farmers variety

of JS-335 (1180kg/ha and net income Rs.7200/ha).

At Jabalpur, the improved varieties of lentil JL-1,

JL-3 and fieldbean (Jawahar Sem-53) gave higher

yields of 145, 190 and 800 kg/ha, respectively compared

to the respective locals (local lentil 785 kg/ha and

local sem 3200 kg/ha) in rainfed environments.

These varieties were adopted on 15 ha involving

23 farmers in the IVLP villages and 5 ha covering

15 farmers in the surrounding villages (Table 1).

At Indore, improved cultivars of soybean

(NRC-2), potato (Laukar under MFS-1 and

Chipsona-1 under MFS-2) resulted in enhanced

productivity by 21, 32 and 31% over local varieties

of corresponding crops (Fig. 1). At IVLP, Jabalpur,

chickpea variety JG-322 produced 24% higher

yield as compared to the local variety JG 315

(1068 kg/ha) under FS-2 situation.NRC 7, a high yielding soybean variety on

farmers field in Indore district


23

Table 1: Performance of crops varieties in oilseed based production system at different TAR-IVLP centres

Center Crop Treatments Yield Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) returns returns ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Bhopal Soybean JS-335 1180 - 9800 2.6

JS 90-41 1350 - 11700 5.6NRC-12 1290 - 10900 3.7

Pigeonpea ICPL-87-119 1450 - 14750 9.8

Maize NLD 3820 - 18100 18.1

Marigold Sierra Orange 7860 - 28600 19.1

Tomato Pusa Gaurav 32500 - - 1.0

Rashmi (hybrid) 5100 - 48500 4.85

Brinjal Pusa Purple Round 37300 - - 1.0

MBH-80 58660 - 30720 4.4

Cauliflower PSBK-1 16660 - - 1.0

Madhuri 30550 - 49560 4.9

Junagadh Wheat Lok-1 2896 26064 - -

GW-273 3596 35061 - -

Okra Local 8940 80460 - -

Gujarat-2 12000 120000 - -

Jabalpur Lentil Local 785 11775 - 2.0

JL-1 930 13950 - 2.3

JL-3 975 14625 - 20.3

Fieldbean Local 3200 12000 - 1.4

Jawahar Sem – 53 4000 16000 - 1.1

Jawahar Sem – 79 3500 10500 - 0.4

Chickpea JG-315 1068 11748 - 2.3

JG-322 1325 14575 - 2.4

Fig. 1: Effect of improved varieties on productivity and profitability in soybean and potato at Indore

NATP – CRIDA

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At Bharatpur, high yielding variety of mustard

(PCR-10), wheat (Raj-3765) and tinda (Ludhiana)

enhanced the productivity by 10,14 and 51%,

respectively as compared to the respective locals

in rainfed environment. The improved variety

of PCR-10 in mustard gave additional returns

Rs.1287/ha compared to the local while the

Tinda (Ludhiana) gave Rs.4070/ha compared to

the local variety (Fig. 2).

Cropping Systems

Cotton + groundnut (1:2) intercropping

system at Junagadh gave higher monetary returns

(105%) and BC ratio (2.98) as compared to farmers’

practice of sole cotton (Rs.26,192/ha and BC

ratio of 1.18).

At IVLP, Bhopal, soybean + maize

intercropping (4:2) gave higher soybean equivalent

yield by 131% as compared to sole soybean

(1250 kg/ha). The soybean and maize system

recorded an additional income of Rs.16,100/ha.

These intercropping systems reduced the pest

incidence of soybean from 12 to 30%. Farmers

opined that this system could be sown with

traditional four row planter. This technology is

adopted in 49 ha area by 60-70% of the farmers

in IVLP villages. About 74 ha area under these

Fig. 2: Influence of improved varieties on productivity of different crops at Bharatpur

Intercropping of soybean + maize (4:2) onfarmers fields at Indore


25

systems was covered nearby villages of IVLP

site. Chickpea + mustard (4:2) increased the

chickpea equivalent yield (55.5%) and net returns

(Rs.8,568/ha) as compared to the sole chickpea

(1080 kg/ha). Chickpea intercropping system

with mustard effectively controlled the pod borer

due to pungent smell of mustard, on an average

the additional gains due to this system ranged

between Rs.4000 to 8000/ha in different villages

and this technology is acceptable with 40-50%

of farming community at IVLP site (Table 2).

At Bharatpur, maize + cowpea – berseem

produced higher total fodder yield (75 t/ha)

followed by lucerne (68.5 t/ha).

Integrated NutrientManagement

At Junagadh, basal application of

elemental sulphur @20 kg/ha + foliar

application of 0.5% FeSO4 and 0.2% citric

acid reduced yellowing (46.9%) in groundnut,

increased pod yield (31.9%) and gross

monetary returns (31%) over farmers

practice (1209 kg/ha and Rs.25,984/ha) (Fig. 3).

Soil application of castor cake @ 500 kg/ha

controlled collar rot significantly (78.2%) and

increased the pod yield (19.5%) and gross

monetary returns (12.8%) over farmers practice

(1486kg/ha) (Fig. 4).

Table 2 : Potentials of cropping system on productivity and profitability at different TAR-IVLP centres

Center Treatments Yield Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) returns returns ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Junagadh Sole cotton 1247 26192 - 2.18

Cotton + groundnut (1:2) 1039+ 1450 53793 - 3.98

Bhopal Sole soybean (JS-335) 1220 12200 6200 1.0

Sole maize (NLD) 3600 20000 14000 2.33

Soybean (JS-335) + Maize (NLD) mixture 1000 + 2280 22650 15450 2.14

Soybean + Maize (4:2) 1250 + 2850 28300 20800 2.77

Sole soybean 1340 - 7400 1.23

Sole pigeonpea 2320 - 16200 2.31

Soybean +pigeonpea (4:2) 2876 - 2260 2.38

Sole chickpea (JG-218) 1080 - 11780 2.14

Chickpea + mustard (4:2) 1150 + 650 - 20384 8.57

Chickpea + mustard (4:2) + 1300 + 710 - 23032 3.292 sprays of endosulphan

Soybean – wheat (FP) 1220 + 3650 12000+29200 26400 1.76= 41400

* Yield of different treatments is the equivalent yield of mango.

NATP – CRIDA

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At IVLP Jabalpur, balanced fertilization

involving 20:40:20:20 NPKZn/ha increased the

productivity of soybean by 30% as compared to

farmers practice of application of only N and P

@ 16 and 20kg/ha (805kg/ha) (Table 3). This

technology was adopted on 5.2 ha area involving

10 farmers in the IVLP village. In soybean, improved

variety (JS-335), seed treatment (Thiram:Bavistin

2:1), recommended NPK + Rhizobium + PSB

and pre emergence application of herbicide

(Alachlor) and spraying of Quinolphos at 20 and

40 DAS produced 50% higher yield over farmers

practice in different farming situations.

At IVLP Bhopal, integrated plant nutrient

management in soybean with FYM @ 5t/ha +

10:30:20:20:10 kg NPKSZn/ha along with

biofertilizers enhanced the yield (18.4%) and

B:C ratio (1.6) as compared to RDF of

20:60:30:20:10 kg NPKSZn/ha (1140kg/ha). In

lentil, FYM @ 5t/ha + 50% RDF and bio-fertilizer

increased the yield by 23% as compared to RDF

of 15:30:30 kg NPK/ha (810kg/ha) (Fig.5).Fig. 3: Management of yellowing in kharif groundnut dueto Fe-S deficiency complex during Kharif-2002 at Junagadh

Fig. 4: Management of collar and stem rots in groundnutwith soil amendment of castor cake at Junagadh

Fig. 5: Effect of integrated nutrient use in lentil underrainfed condition at Bhopal

Rainwater Management

At Indore, use of reversible MB plough enhanced

the productivity of soybean by 68% with additional

net returns of Rs.6690/ha as compared to the

farmers practice (930 kg/ha). This practice was

efficient to control the weeds and larvae of insects

before sowing. Adoption of BBF method of furrow

having in situ rainwater management technique

increased the yield of soybean (59%) and net

returns Rs.5575/ha over farmers method of flat

method (903 kg/ha) (Table 4). Opening of the


27

Table 3 : Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and profitability at different TAR-IVLP centres

Center Crop Treatments Yield Cost of Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) intervention income income ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Junagadh Groundnut NP through DAP 1295 - 28326 - 1.95Recommended NPK 1485 - 33477 - 2.23through AS, SSP, MOP,Gypsum (T2)T2 + Plant growth 1763 - 38675 - 2.58promoting Rhizobacteria

Jabalpur Soybean Farmers Practice (T1) 805 - 7245 3195 1.78(Farming T1 + Rhizo + PSB (T2) 900 190 8100 3860 1.91Situation-1) N:P:K:Zn on STV 1055 1100 9495 4345 1.84

20:40:20:20 kg/ha (T3)T3 + Rhizo+PSB (T4) 1075 1335 9675 4290 1.79

Soybean Farmers Practice (T1) 850 - 7650 3590 1.88(Farming T1 + Rhizo + PSB (T2) 935 190 8415 4165 1.98Situation-2) N:P:K:Zn on STV 1100 1250 9900 4590 1.86

20:40:20:20 kg/ha (T3)T3 + Rhizo+ PSB (T4) 1136 1435 10224 4279 1.86

Soybean Farmers Practice (T1) 865 - 7785 3719 1.91(Farming T1 + Rhizo + PSB (T2) 965 190 8685 4429 2.04Situation-3) N:P:K:Zn on STV 1125 1325 10125 4734 1.87

20:40:20:20 kg/ha (T3)T3 + Rhizo+ PSB (T4) 1175 1515 10575 4994 1.89

Soybean – N-16, P-20 kg/ha 870 - 7830 3805 1.94Wheat Farmers Practice (T1)Soybean T1 + Rhizobium+ PSB (T2) 965 200 8685 4660 2.05

Recommended NPK + 1075 1190 9675 4460 1.85PSB + Rhizobium (T3)50% recommended N in 1133 1300 10197 4822 1.91T3 by FYM and remainingnutrients by fertilizers +Rhizobium + PSB (T4)

Wheat Farmers Practice (T1) 2160 - 12420 6805 2.21T1 + PSB +Azotobacter (T2) 2350 200 13512 7697 2.3250% recommended N in T4 2950 1550 16962 9798 2.36by FYM and remainingnutrients by fertilizers +Azotobacter + PSB (T3)50% recommended N in 2860 1475 16445 9355 2.31T3 by FYM and remainingnutrients by fertilizers +Rhizobium+ PSB (T4)

Chickpea N-10, P-20 kg/ha 750 - 8250 3750 1.83Farmers Practice (T1)T1 + Rhizo + PSB (T2) 855 125 9405 4780 2.03N:P:K 20:40:20 kg/ha (T3) 950 750 10450 5200 1.99T3 + Rhizo+ PSB (T4) 975 875 10725 5350 1.99

NATP – CRIDA

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(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Bhopal Soybean 18-46NP/ha 760 900 - 2700 1.55

Recommended dose NPKSZn 1140 1800 - 5600 1.9620:60:30:20:10 kg/ha

IPNS – 5t FYM + NPKSZn 1280 3000 - 5800 1.8310:30:20:20:10 kg/ha(50% of the RFD) + Biofertilizer

Groundnut FYM 2t + 50kg DAP/ha (FP) 920 - - - -

FYM @ 5t + 50kg DAP + 1410 - 5390 4290 2.0430kg MOP + 50kg Gypsum +biofertilizer

Indore Soybean NPK 30:22:8.5 kg 873 1125 - - -

RDF (20:26.2:16.6:20:6) 1390 2375 - 4346 2.83

FYM (FP) + Balance through 1590 2000 - 7321 4.66fertilizer to make RDF

furrow in between the rows of the soybean recorded

equal performance as that of BBF method. These

conservation technologies helped to improve the

drainage in Vertisols. About 82% of the farmers

adopted these technologies helped them in

stabilization of yields in rainfed soybean and also

other crops like wheat and chickpea.

Among different management practices

followed at Jabalpur, sowing across the slope

found superior and gave 13% higher seed yield

of soybean and Rs.990/ha of additional profit as

compared to the farmers practice (875 kg/ha).

This practice is cost effective and could be adopted

easy without any risk since it created multitude

of mini barriers across the flow of run of water

and considerably improve the in situ storage of

moisture. About 8 ha area involving 20 farmers

was adopted in first year subsequently the area

of adoption under this practice enhanced 14 ha

with 35 farmers in second year.

At Junagadh, deep tillage in groundnut

increased the productivity (23%) and gross

returns (Rs.7712/ha) over the farmers practice

of shallow tillage (1352 kg/ha). Sowing of rainfed

wheat along with contours increased the

productivity (14%) and profitability (Rs.1180/

ha) compared to the no conservation practice

at Bhopal (1870 kg/ha).In-situ moisture conservation in soybean at Indore


29

Table 4 : Effect of rainwater management on productivity and profitability at different TAR-IVLP centres

Center Crop Treatments Yield Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) income income ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Indore Soybean Farmers practice 930 - - -(conventional MB Plough)

Reversible MB Plough 1560 - 6690 5.46

Farmers practice 903 - - -(Flat method)

Broad Bed Furrow method 1428 5575 5.46(135 cm wide and 20 cmhigh raised beds with 50 cmwide furrows at 20 cm depth)

Open furrow method 1460 5841 5.17

Jabalpur Soybean Farmers practice 875 3825 1.94(no land treatment)

Graded bunding 980 3770 1.74

Sowing across the slope 985 4815 2.18

Vegetataive bunding by 916 3494 1.73lemon grass/ rosa grass

Junagadh Groundnut Farmers practice (shallow 1352 28902 1.99tillage 0-5 cm with Bladeharrow and furrow opening)

Deep tillage (one ploughing 1659 36616 1.40MB + cultivator 1)

Bhopal Wheat Farmers practice (50 kg N/ha) 1440 7270 1.71

RDF 50:30:30 NPK/ha + 1870 9960 1.99improved variety JW-17 +seed treatment (Vitavax)

RDF 50:30:30 NPK/ha + 2080 11140 2.02improved variety JW-17 +seed treatment (Vitavax) +contour cultivation

Farm Mechanization

At Bhopal, use of strip till drill, which tills

the land simultaneously with placement of seed

and fertilizer at two different depths was found

to improve the seed germination and grain yield

by 14% over local seed drill (790 kg/ha) in

soybean. This practice led to the reduction in

cost of operation for land preparation and

sowing by Rs.340/ha over the farmers practice

(Rs.2200/ha). The machine is acceptable by the

100% of the farming community since it is available

on custom hiring basis in IVLP village. About

24 and 10 ha area was covered with this machine

in IVLP and outside villages, respectively. Use

of inclined plate planter (CIAE planter) with

fertilizer attachment helped to reduce the

NATP – CRIDA

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expenditure on sowing of groundnut and pigeonpea

by 29% compared to the farmers practice of

using local seed drill, besides obtaining yield

improvement to the extent of 18-32%. This machine

was used in 20 and 40 ha area with involvement

of 50 farmers within IVLP and nearby villages,

respectively (Table 5). Use of multicrop thresher

minimized seed damage of soybean and chickpea

(by 6.0-6.5%) and enhanced germination

percentage (11-15%) and net benefit of Rs.15-

100/q of grain as compared to the farmers practice

of local power thresher. In IVLP village 4.1 and

11.0 t of seeds of chickpea and soybean was

threshed during this year (Table 6). The drudgery

of farmwomen is reduced through the use of

improved farm tools (hand wheel hoe, serrated

Naveen sickle, groundnut decorticator and

manual maize sheller) and equipment instead of

doing work by hand. Use of hand wheel hoe,

serrated Naveen sickle, manual maize sheller,

groundnut decorticator reduced the man hours

per ha by 200, 7, 20, 47/ha as compared to respective

farm tools operated in various agricultural

operations (Table 7).

Table 5: Influence of seeding devices and productivity and profitability of different rainfed crops at Bhopal

Crop Treatments Yield Cost of Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) Operation returns returns ratio


Soybean Local seed drill 790 2200 7900 2300 0.41

Seed cum fertilizer drill 880 1500 8800 5300 1.51

Strip till drill 900 340 9000 4360 2.85

Pigeonpea TD Practicing seed drill (FP) 975 545 - 15600 -

Inclined plate planter 1220 300 19765 - 1.27

Groundnut Local hand metered seed drill 860 400 - 6880 -

Improved inclined plate planter 980 400 - 7840 -

Table 6: Technology assessment of multicrop thresher in soybean and chickpea at Bhopal

Crop Treatments Capacity Cleaning Broken Germina- Cost of Net Saving in(kg/hr) efficiency (%) tion (%) operation benefit labour

Chickpea Farmers practice 194 88.8 9.7 65 28 0 3(local power thresher)

CIAE Multicrop thresher 204 92.4 3.2 76 27 16 3

Soybean Farmers practice 190 90.4 9.0 58 26.3 0 2.1(local power thresher)

CIAE Multicrop thresher 220 93.0 3.0 69 23.0 23 1.8


31


Insect (defoliator) management in castor

and groundnut at Junagadh through

manipulation of date of sowing (1st fortnight

of August) increased the yield of castor (33%)

and groundnut (19%) as compared to farmers’

practice of early sowing (Fig. 6). Use of

recommended seed rate (100 kg/ha in bunch

and 120 kg/ha in spreading variety) in kharif

groundnut increased the pod yield by 18.8% over

the farmers’ practice of using of high seed rate

(140-160 kg/ha).

At Bhopal, delayed sowing of marigold

(Sierra Orange) i.e., beyond June recorded

highest net returns followed by maize and

pigeonpea. Farmers accepted pigeonpea and

maize as alternate crops for soybean under

delayed sowing conditions (Fig.7). At Bhopal,

Table 7: Drudgery reduction in harvesting and threshing of crops by different farm tools at Bhopal

Crop Treatments Capacity Man Cost of % of Net Shelling/(kg/hr) hours/q operation income benefit cleaning

(Rs/q) (Rs) efficiency (%)

Maize Shelling by hand 3.7 27 135 - - 100

Shelling by manual 14.3 7 35 74 100maize sheller

Groundnut Decorticated by hand 2 50 350 - - 100

Use of hand opereted 35 3 24 93 326 95decorticated

Winnowing & cleaning 0.5 2.4 17 78by hand

Power operated 6.5 0.3 2.3 99 86.5cleaner cum grader

Fig. 6: Management of defoliator in castor throughmanipulation of date of sowing (castor + groundnut

intercropping) at Junagadh

Fig. 7: Effect of different crops under delayedsowing conditions on yield and economic

benefit at Bhopal

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Table 8:Effect of integrated pest management on productivity and profitability at different TAR-IVLP centres


(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Bhopal Chickpea Local (U-21) 840 1600 - - -JG-218 + Trichoderma 1250 2400 - 5760 2.4BG-372 + Trichoderma 1460 2400 - 9120 3.8JG-74 + Trichoderma 1500 2500 - 9660 3.9

Lentil Local (T-36) 820 650 - - 1.0JLS-1 + Trichoderma viridae 105 1100 - 2900 2.63JLS-1 + Trichoderma viridae + 1220 1300 - 5350 4.11Timely sowing + Carbendazim

Chilli No seed treatment + 4540 - - - 1.0no spray (T1)Seed treatment with 5020 200 - 2200 11.0Carbendazim @ 0.2% (T2)T2 + Trichoderma viridae + 5280 500 - 2800 5.6seedling dip withCarbendazim + 1 sprayof Zineb (0.2%)

Indore Soybean No control (FP) 835 - - - -Phorate and Triazophos 1134 867 - 3020 4.48applicationMechanical removal 1130 500 - 3335 7.65

Jabalpur Pigeonpea Farmers practice (T1) 465 - - - 1.18T1 + Seed treatment with 495 25 - - 1.31Bavistin + Thiram (1:2) (T2)Asha (ICPL-87119) (T3) 1275 250 - - 4.66T3 + Seed treatment with 1295 275 - - 4.72Bavistin + Thiram (1:2) (T4)

Pigeonpea Farmers Practice 475 - 9500 - 1.20Quinolphos 25 EC 490 - 9800 1.10spray @ 1200 ml/ha

Chickpea Farmers Practice 1028 - 11308 - 1.20Vegetative bird perching + 1195 - 13145 - 1.47Quinolphos spray after50% flowering2 sprays of Quinolphos 1233 - 13563 - 1.45after 50% flowering and at20days after podding stage

Bharatpur Mustard Farmers practice (T1) 1056 - - - -Seed treatment with Apron 1282 - - - 2.6SD @ 6g/kg seed followedby 1-3 sprayings ofmancozeb @ 0.2%

Mustard Farmers practice (T1) 1013 - - - -Dusting with endosulfan 1226 - - - 3.14% dust @ 25kg/ha followedby need base 1-2 sprays withMalathion 50EC @ 500 ml/ha


33

the IPM module involving summer deep ploughing

+ seed treatment with Trichoderma viridae +

foliar spray of Nimbecidin @ 0.05%, HaNPV @

250 LE /ha + pheromone traps @ 10/ha + bird

perching @ 60/ha, increased the yield (77%), net

returns (Rs.5500/ha) and B:C ratio (5.28) compared

to the farmers practice of using chemical pesticides

alone (790kg/ha) (Fig. 8) in soybean. Vegetative

bird perching and Quinolphos spray after 50%

flowering effectively controlled pod borer in

pigeonpea at Jabalpur. This package alone increased

the yield by 20% as compared to farmers practice

of indiscriminate dusting of Follidol (1028kg/

ha). This technology was adopted on 42 ha involving

32 farmers in IVLP villages and 8.2 ha with 18

farmers in nearby non-IVLP villages.


At Jabalpur, deworming with Albendazole

or Piperazine improved the milk yield (7 to 9%)

and net profit (Rs.440/animal) as compared to

control. Wheat and soybean straw with mineral

mixture improved the milk yield of cows by 12%

as compared to the farmers practice of feeding

wheat straw alone (Table 9). Use of Albendazole

in buffaloes and cows reduced the infestation of

endoparasites (4.5-3.8%) and increased the milk

yield from 1.5 to 2.1 l/day in cows and from 3.5

to 4.3 l/day in buffaloes in IVLP village of Bhopal

district (Table 10).

Horticulture

Introduction of papaya (Pusa Dwarf) at

Bhopal gave net profit of Rs.18600/ha

compared to farmers practice of soybean-

wheat sequence cropping. Similarly,

introduction of intercropping in mango

orchards with turmeric, colocasia and soybean-

gram recorded income of Rs.45200, Rs.19000

and Rs.15000/ha with BC ratios of 7.5, 3.8 and

3.0, respectively over growing mango alone in

orchards (BC ratio 1.0) (Table 11).

Fig. 8: Integrated management of pest problems in soybean and chickpea at Bhopal

Soybean Chickpea

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Table 9: Deworming in milch animals at Jabalpur

Species Parameters FP-No Deworming withdeworming Albendazole/ piperazine

Milch animals Laboratory finding

% increase over FP Body weight - 10-12

Milk - 7-9

Cost of intervention / year / animal over FP (Rs) - 35

Additional return / year animal over FP (Rs) - 475

Additional profit / year animal over FP (Rs) - 440

Cows Wheat straw W + S W + Sresidue + MM

% increase in milk yield / animal over T1 - 2 12

Cost of intervention / day / animal over T1 - 0.30 2.5

Additional return / day / animal over T1 (Rs) - 0.40 1.35

Additional profit / day / animal over T1 (Rs) - 0.10 0.75

Table 10: Deworming in milch animals at Bhopal

Parameters No medicines Use of Albendazole@ 20 ml/100 kg body

wt/animal

No. of animals inspected 300 300

No. of animals found affected 45.2 3.8

Infestation (%) 11.5 1

Milk production l/day Cows 1.5 2.1

Buffaloes 3.5 4.3

No FMD FMD vaccination

Infestation Total no. of animals inspected 400 400

No. of animals affected 358 8

% 9 2

Abortion (%) 30 0

Delay in heat cycle (no. of days) 60-90 Normal

Milk production l/day Cows 1.4 3.2

Buffaloes 2.8 5.3

Table 11: Increased returns with intercropping in mango at Bhopal

Treatment Yield Value of Income over BC(kg/ha) equivalent yield control ratio

Mango alone 10 years old 25600 204800 1.0

Mango + Turmeric 21500 + 6500 250000 45200 7.53

Mango + Colocasia 21500 + 7400 223800 19000 3.8

Mango + soybean - Chickpea 23200 + 940 + 1550 219800 15000 3.0


35

3

Cotton based Production System

The technological modules under cotton based

production system were assessed and refined

by TAR-IVLP centers of Akola and Nagpur in

Maharastra, Warangal in A.P and Ajmer in Rajasthan.

Salient achievements are summarized below:


The cotton variety PKV-Rajat at Akola grown

by 50 farmers on one hectare plots in IVLP

villages recorded higher yield by 25% compared

to the local variety (625 kg/ha) (Fig. 1). Introduction

of high yielding cotton hybrid PKV Hy-2, which

is tolerant to sucking pests resulted 57% yield

increase with a net returns of Rs.8250/ha over

farmers variety (452 kg/ha, Rs.4000/ha). Similarly,

use of sorghum hybrid CSH-14 and SPH-388

gave 550 and 420 kg/ha additional yields compared

to 1200 kg/ha from farmers’ varieties (CSH-5/

CSH-9). Additional average income of Rs.2750/-

and Rs.2100/- was realized for CSH-14 and SPH-

388, respectively over farmer variety.

An improved variety of cotton Narasimha

cultivated by IVLP farmers in Warangal district

gave net return of Rs.3,918/ha and a B:C ratio

of 1.37 as against 1.03 by growing Brahma hybrid

under farmers management.

Performance of PKV-Rajat cotton variety inIVLP village, Akola district

Performance of Narasimha, an improved cotton varietyin IVLP village of Warangal district

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At Nagpur, desi cotton AKA-7 produced

11% higher yield and 20% net profit as compared

to the farmers practice of growing LRA-5166

(Table 1). Twenty six farmers in project villages

and 8 farmers in adjoining villages adopted

AKA-7 during this year. The introduction of

tomato hybrid (Avinash-2) resulted 27% higher

productivity with B:C ratio of 1.81 compared

Table 1: Productivity and profitability of different varieties in cotton based production system

Center Crop Treatment Yield Cost of Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) cultivation income income ratio


Akola Cotton Local 625 5000 12500 - 2.50

PKV-Rajat 750 5100 15000 - 2.94

Sorghum CSH-5 1200 4000 6000 - 1.5

CSH-14 1750 5000 8750 - 1.75

SPH-38 1620 4600 8100 - 1.76

Warangal Cotton Brahma (150:90 NP kg/ha) 940 - 20680 - 1.04

Narasimha 1060 - 23320 - 1.37(RDF 90:45:45 NPK/ha)

Nagpur Cotton LRA-5166 (FP) 797 - - 8440 1.12

Desi cotton (AKA-7) 885 - - 10200 1.36

Hybrid Cotton FP (Ajit-11) 926 - - 8520 0.85

PKV-4 1021 - - 10420 1.04

Mahabeej-2 1090 - - 11800 1.2

Cotton Farmers variety 686 - - 6220 0.82

Bt.Cotton (MECH-184) 867 - - 18400 1.31

Bt.cotton (MECH-162) 753 - - 17200 1.45

Tomato Local 19800 - - 34400 1.37

Hybrid (Avinash) 25300 - - 48900 1.81

Fig. 1: Yield performance of improved cottonPKV-Rajat at Akola

Fig. 2: Performance of improved marigoldvariety at Nagpur


37

to the yield (19.8 t/ha) and B:C ratio (1.37)

of farmers’ variety. Twenty five farmers in the

project village and 15 farmers in adjoining villages

are cultivating hybrid tomato. About 46% of

farmers in the project village adopted the African

marigold variety during this year. HYV of

marigold African variety Golden Sierra recorded

higher yields by 20% (Fig. 2) with net returns

of Rs.13,450/- over respective local variety

(5.53 t/ha, Rs.10,590/-).

Cropping systems

Assessment of 3 tier intercropping system

with cotton: sorghum : pigeonpea (6:2:2) at

Akola proved better intercropping system to

cover risk of single crop failure (cotton) with

cotton equivalent yield of 775 kg/ha, net

returns of Rs.9500/ha with a BC ratio of 1.58

compared to sole cotton (600 kg/ha, Rs.7000,

1.40). Intercropping of cotton + greengram in

1:1 proportion recorded 21% higher yield

with a net returns of Rs.6900/ha over sole

cotton yield of 530 kg/ha and net returns of

Rs.5600/ha.

At IVLP Warangal, rotation with maize +

pigeonpea and maize + fieldbean gave BC ratio

of 2.33 and 3.54, respectively compared to

monocropping of cotton (1.08) (Table 2). Farmers

practice of growing maize + turmeric (1:1),

application of 60 kg N and 120 kg P/ha as basal

dose and 90 kg N/ha as top dressing each at

knee high and tasseling stages yielded 2080 kg

maize and 2170 kg turmeric realized a B:C

ratio of 2.1, where as in case of improved practice

i.e. growing turmeric + maize (2:1) and

application of 80:120:120 kg NPK + 50 kg

ZnSO4/ha as basal and top dressing of 90 kg

N/ha each at knee high and tasseling stages of

maize + topdressing of 60 N and 60 kg K/ha

to turmeric after harvest of maize realised 2650

kg of maize and 2950 kg of turmeric with a B:C

ratio of 2.71 (Fig. 3).

Three tier intercropping cotton:sorghum:pigeonpea(6:2:2) at Akola

Crop rotation with maize + fieldbeanat Warangal

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At Nagpur, farmers received 18% higher

profitability from cotton + groundnut (1:2)

intercropping system as compared to sole cotton

(Table 2). Thirty six farmers in the project village

and 18 farmers in adjoining villages adopted the

cotton + groundnut system. Cotton + pigeonpea

(8:2) gave 14 and 26% higher profitability as

compared to sole cotton and pigeonpea, respectively.

Among high value horticulture based inter cropping

systems, mandarine + marigold recorded highest

BC ratio (2.96) followed by madarine + soybean

and mandarine + cotton (Fig. 4).

Fig. 3: Efficiency of maize + turmeric (1:2) withimproved management at Warangal

Fig. 4: Performance of different citrus basedcropping systems at Nagpur

Table 2: Productivity and profitability of different cropping systems in cotton based production system

Center Crop Treatments Yield Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) income income ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs/ha)

Akola Cotton Cotton alone 600 12000 - 1.24

Cotton + sorghum + 500+400+ 500 15500 - 1.26pigeonpea (6:2:2)

Warangal Cotton Cotton alone 980 21560 - 1.08

Maize + fieldbean 2506 +3920 38808 - 3.54

Maize + pigeonpea 2640+ 520 22104 - 2.33

Agri sheep farming Cotton alone (FP) 950 20900 1.05

Rearing sheep @ 10 18000 30000 1.48lambs and growingfodder crops and useof farm by products

Nagpur Cotton Sole cotton 654 9080 1.06

Groundnut Sole groundnut 1157.5 8890 1.11

Cotton + groundnut (1:2) 538 + 491.5 10652 1.42

Cotton pigeonpea Sole cotton 713 10260 1.08

Sole pigeonpea 990 9380 1.17

Cotton + pigeonpea 613 + 465 11834 1.31


39


At Nagpur, INM treatment involving RDF

(45:45:45 NPK/ha + Azotobacter and PSB + 10

t of FYM + compost) increased the productivity

by 20% as compared to farmers’ practice of

unbalanced fertilizer use (80:22:12 NPK kg/ha)

and no bio-fertilizer (8695 kg/ha) in cotton (Table

3). In case of soybean INM treatment i.e. seed

treatment with Rhizobium japonicum + PSB and

application of FYM and NPKS @ 18:46:0:20 kg/

ha resulted 23% higher productivity and 71%

higher profitability over farmers practice of no

INM (882.5 kg/ha and Rs.5090/ha) (Fig 5).

At Warangal, use of RDF along with zinc

sulphate application @ 50kg/ha to maize gave

40% additional grain yield over farmers practice.

The BC ratio was 2.46 in RDF, 2.69 with zinc

sulphate and 1.92 with farmers’ practice (15:15:0

NPK kg/ha) as shown in Table 3.

Fig. 5: Integrated nutrient management insoybean at Nagpur

Table 3: Influence INM practices on productivity and profitability in different crops

Center Test Crop Treatment Yield Cost of Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) cultivation income income ratio


Akola Cotton Organic fertilizer 500 5000 10000 - 1:2.00

Compost 5t/ha + 700 6000 14000 4000 1:2.33NPK (50:25:25 kg/ha)

Sorghum No use of micronutrients 1200 4000 6000 - 1:1.50to sorghum

Soil application of zinc 1550 5000 7750 2250 1:1.55sulphate and ferrous sulphate

Warangal Maize T1: Farmers practice 294000 15582 1.92(DAP @ 125kg/ha as basaland urea @ 180 kg/ha)

T2: RDF @ 100:60:40 NPK/ha 376000 19928 2.46through straight fertilizers withP and K as basal and N in 3 splits

T2 + 50 kg/ha ZnSO4 as basal 412000 21836 2.69

Nagpur Cotton NPK 80:20:12 kg/ha, 870 8390 0.73no bio-fertilizer (FP)

RDF (NPK 90:45:45 kg/ha) 971 8960 0.94

Recommended dose (45:45:45 1045 11194 1.15NPK kg/ha + Azatobacter + PSB)

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Use of 40:40:40kg NPK /ha in late sown

wheat (AKW-1071) in medium textured soils

increased the yield (26%) and income (Rs.4750/

ha) as compared to the farmers practice of 30:15:0

NPK/ha (2580kg/ha) in Akola under limited

irrigation. This practice was adopted on 48 ha

with 42 farmers in IVLP village and 140 ha

involving 70 farmers in the adjoining villages.

Seed treatment with rhizobium in soybean

enhanced the yield by 14% and recorded BC

ratio of 2.74 compared to the no seed treatment

(1000 kg/ha, 2.33).

Soil and moistureconservation technology

At Akola, alternate furrow opening and sowing

across the slope increased the cotton yield by

35.5% as compared to farmers practice of flat

bed (450 kg/ha). Sowing across the slope alone

contributed for 26% more yield over farmers

practice (Fig. 6). This simple in situ moisture

conservation technology was adopted in 20 ha

area by 50 farmers in IVLP village and 30 ha

involving 40 farmers in non-IVLP village. Bullock

drawn ferti-seed drills developed by PDKV

introduced in the adopted village for sowing of

sorghum, greengram, pigeonpea, wheat etc., won

the appreciation of farmers.

Dry sowing of cotton in first week and second

week of June enhanced the yield (10%) and

profitability (17%) compared to sowing with

commencement of monsoon (858 kg/ha) at Nagpur.

Thirty eight farmers in the project village and

9 farmers in adjoining villages have tried this

Cotton crop under integrated nutrient management at Akola (left) and Nagpur (right)

Fig. 6: Assessing alternate furrow opening withsowing across the slope for moisture conservation

in cotton for higher yield


41

practice during 2002 with promising results.

Opening of ridges and furrows at first interculture

operation in cotton enhanced the productivity

by 11% and profitability by 16% over farmers

practice of moisture conservation (587 kg/ha),

similarly opening of furrows at 6-8 m across the

slope at first interculture operation in sorghum

increased the yield by 18% over farmers practice

(1629 kg/ha) (Table 4).


Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum

@ 4 g/kg cotton seed against soil borne fungi

reduced the plant mortality and increased the

yield by 8% with a BC ratio 1.67 compared to

BC ratio of 1.50 and yield of 625 kg/ha in no

seed treatment at Akola (Fig. 7). Use of HaNPV

@ 250 LE/ha and NSKE 5% proved to be the

best practice in reducing the boll worm damage

by 67.61% and 40%, respectively and increasing

the yield by 27% and 20%, respectively over

farmers practice. More than 50% farmers in the

IVLP village adopted this technology (Table 5).

At Nagpur, use of IPM module (resistant

variety for sucking pest, deep ploughing, early

sowing, trap crops of marigold and foxtail millet,

spraying of 0.07% endosulphan at 1 egg/plant

threshold, use of tricho cards, spray of HaNPV

250 LE/ha, 0.05% synthetic pyrithroides to control

Table 4: Profitability of rainwater management technology in rainfed crops



Akola Cotton Flat bed (FP) 450 4800 9000 - 1:1.87

Alternate furrow opening 560 5200 11200 2200 1:2.15

Sowing across the slope 570 4900 11400 2400 1:2.33

Alternate furrow and sowing 610 5200 12200 3200 1:2.35across the slope

Nagpur Cotton Farmers method (control) 588 - - 4750 1.67

Opening of ridges and furrows 655 6100 1.87at first interculture culture operation

Sorghum Farmers method (control) 1629 - - 2888 1.44

Opening of ridges and furrows at 1925 - - 3574 1.62first interculture culture operation

Formation of alternate furrow in cotton formoisture conservation in IVLP village at Akola

NATP – CRIDA

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pink bollworms) enhanced the productivity of

cotton by 17% and profitability by 26% as compared

to the farmers practice of using pesticides alone

(771 kg/ha).

At Warangal, soil application of Trichoderma

@ 2 kg/acre + drenching with COC @ 3 g/l

of water at the first appearance of rhizome rot

Farmer with bio-agents (HaNPV) and neemproducts for controlling pests in cotton

Pheromone trap - A component of IPM technologyin cotton at Nagpur

Table 5: Integrated pest management in different crops



Akola Cotton Spraying endosulfan (FP) 615 5000 12300 1:2.46Spraying of HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha 760 5300 15200 2900 1:2.87Spraying NSE 5% 740 5000 14800 2500 1:2.96

Cotton No seed treatment (FP) 625 5000 12500 - 1:2.5Seed treatment with Trichoderma 675 5050 13500 1000 1:2.67harzianum @ 4g/kg of seed

Cotton No mechanical control (FP) 605 5000 12100 - 1:2.42Collection of 4th and 5th instars 802 6100 16040 3940 1:2.63larvae of Helicoverpa sp.,Removal of spotted bollwormaffected shoots and pink bollworm affected flowers

Soybean Sowing during 2nd fortnight 850 3000 8500 1.28of July (FP)Sowing during first fortnight of 1025 3000 10250 1750 1.34July to reduce girdle beetledamage (IP)

Fig. 7: Effect of IPM module on profitabilityof cotton at Akola


43

in turmeric recorded low disease (13%)

incidence and realized a BC ratio of 2.88

followed by spraying mancozeb @ 2.5 g/l and

captan @ 2 g/l on need basis (20% and BC ratio

of 2.45) over farmers practice of no disease control

measures (58% and 2.08).


At IVLP Warangal, improved poultry breed

Giriraja proved more economical compared to

the local birds. Giriraja registered an increase in

body weight of 675 g/month compared to 190



Nagpur Cotton Farmers practice 771 7924 1.05

IPM** 903 10040 1.25

Cotton Six sprays of monocrotophos (FP) 696 6920 0.98

Seed treatment with imidacloprid, 795 8400 1.121 spray of NSKE + neem oil50 DAS, Pheromone trap,Tricho-cards, Spraying HaNPV250 LE/ha, 0.07% endosulfanand 0.05% pyrethroids

Cotton No treatment (FP) 973 8950 0.85

Use of delinted seeds + 1055 10096 0.91Copper oxychloride (T2)

T2 + Wettable sulphur/ 1143 11660 1.04Carbendazim (T3)

Pigeonpea No treatment (FP) 771 5252 1.31

Wilt resistance variety 932 6688 1.48(ICPL-87119) + Trichoderma viride

Tomato Normal nursery bed without 17600 20200 1.34seed treatment (FP)

Raised nursery bed and seed 21200 36000 2.11treatment with Thiram(2-3 g/kg seed)

** Deep Ploughing, sucking pest resistant hybrid, early sowing, introduction of trap crop (marigold, foxtail millet), 0.07%endosulphan when 1 egg/plant threshold, use of Tricho cards to control sucking pest, spray of HaNPV 250 LE/ha basis,0.05% pyretroides to control pink bollworms.

g/month for local breed. The benefit due to this

intervention was Rs.1,265/- per10 birds, giving

a B:C ratio of 3.86 as against 2.82 with local

breed. Introduction of sheep farming with 10

lambs/family having 1 ha land and growing fodder

crops enhanced the gross income by 47% as

compared to sole cotton (Rs.20,900/ha).

At Nagpur, use of morantal citrate (2 bolus/

100 kg body weight) and fenbendazole (7.5mg/

kg body weight) enhanced the milk productivity

(1.05 and 0.79 l/cattle/day) as compared to the

farmers practice of no deworming (6.68 l/cattle/

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day) (Fig. 8). Grazing + concentrate feed

@ 1kg/day + mineral mixture @ 50g/animal/

day increased the productivity and profitability

(10%) over farmer practice (6.9l/cattle/day).

Osmanabadi buck of goat enhanced twinning

percentage (20%) and net returns (58%) as

compared to the local buck (Rs.7708/ha).

At IVLP, Ajmer 120 farmers were suggested

to feed vitamin mineral mixture to their buffaloes.

This intervention reduced the calving interval

(14-18 months) and first calving age (4 to 4 1/2

years) in comparison to 26-28 months and

5 years in case of animals who were not fed with

vitamin mineral mixture. The animals feeding

with urea-gur mineral mixture treated fodder

with suggested quantity of concentrate (3.5 kg/

animal/day) increased the milk yield by 1 kg with

reduced calving interval of 14-16 months compared

to farmers practice of feeding dry fodder and low

level of concentrate (2 kg/animal/day).

Fig. 8: Deworming in cattle for improving its productivity

Improved poultry breed Giriraja inbackyard at Warangal

Performance of Osmanabadi buck atTAR-IVLP center, Nagpur


45

4

Nutritious Cereal based Production System

Technological modules pertaining to nutritive

cereals based production system were

assessed and refined by TAR-IVLP centers of

Hyderabad (A.P.), Bangalore and Dharwad

(Karnataka), Solapur, Nagpur and Vengurle

(Maharastra), Jhansi (U.P.) and Udaipur (Rajasthan).


Improved varieties of castor Kranti and Jyoti

at Hyderabad recorded 36 and 20% higher yield

with B:C ratio of 1.7 and 1.5 , respectively over

local (310 kg/ha, 1.3). Similarly, variety DCH-

177 and DCH-32 gave an additional yield of 70

and 50 kg respectively over local castor. The

additional net returns to farmers were Rs.1210

and Rs.730/ha. Adoption of high yielding varieties

of chickpea (ICCV-2) and safflower (A-1) resulted

in higher productivity by 88 and 27% as compared

to the local varieties in rice fallows (Fig. 1). Use

of Pusa Chary (sorghum) and African Tall (maize)

gave higher fresh fodder (12t/ha) as compared

to farmer sorghum variety (PJ 8K) with a nutrient

use of 50-30-0 NPK/ha.

At Dharwad, improved variety of littlemillet

(TNAU-63) recorded 23% higher yield as compared

to the local (646 kg/ha). The improved variety

Healthy crop of an improved chickpea variety ICCV-2on farmers field at Ranga Reddy, AP

Improved rabi sorghum variety SPV-1359 onfarmers field at IVLP, Dharwad

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of rabi sorghum (SPV-1359) gave 7.1 and 11%

higher grain and fodder yield, respectively over

farmer’s variety (606 kg/ha). In groundnut,

improved variety GPBD-4 produced higher pod

yield by 14% and net returns Rs.3780/ha as compared

to local check. Use of improved pigeonpea variety

Maruthi gave additional yield of 73 kg/ha and

additional average income of Rs.1314/ha by showing

minimum per cent of wilt incidence (2.23) over

local variety (59 kg/ha and 24.73%).

At Bangalore, powdery mildew tolerant chilli

varieties PMR-14 and PMR-19 produced more yield

by 59 and 38% and additional net returns by Rs.39917

and Rs.29417/ha, respectively as compared to local

variety (1341 kg/ha, Rs.54967/ha).

At Solapur, drought tolerant castor variety

Kranti gave 69% increased yield with an average

returns of Rs.8595/ha over farmers variety (195

kg/ha; Rs.5077/ha) on medium deep and deep

black clay soils. The improved bottle gourd variety

Samrat in kharif under limited irrigation on medium

deep clay soils gave 31% increased fruit yields

and net returns as compared to the farmers variety

(21275 kg/ha). The improved brinjal variety Krishna

recorded fruit yield of 4900 kg/ha with an average

returns of Rs.24750/ha, but in farmers practice

of growing local variety recorded 3600 kg/ha and

Rs.18000/ha of average returns under limited

irrigated conditions. Sunflower variety SS-56 with

optimum seed rate (8kg/ha) resulted 80.7% higher

yield and net returns over farmers practice of

using local variety with high seed rate of 12-14

kg/ha (285 kg/ha and Rs.3705/ha) on medium

deep clay loam soils under rainfed cropping.

At Jhansi, sorghum variety CSV-15 was found

better for Bundelkhand region of UP with grain

yield of 1450 kg/ha and net returns of Rs.5498/

ha compared to CSV-13 (1000 kg/ha and Rs.2473/

ha) and farmer local variety (720 kg/ha and Rs.314/

ha). In soybean, variety PK-1042 gave 61% increased

yield with B:C ratio of 2.10 over farmers practice

of using own seed (1550 kg/ha and 0.89). Use

of ICGS-44 a groundnut variety recorded 56%

more yield and 112% higher net returns against

farmer variety Jhunku (1150 kg/ha; Rs.8100/ha).

Wheat variety HD-2189 gave seed yield of 3600

kg/ha and net returns of Rs.11260/ha compared

to other varieties HD-2285 (3300 kg/ha; Rs.9235/

ha) and farmers variety Lok-1(2650 kg/ha; Rs.4960/

ha). The tomato variety PDVR-2 found suitable

for Budelkhand region with 69.7% higher yield

and BC ratio of 1.95 compared to 17320 kg/ha

yield of local variety with BC ratio 1.38.

Fig. 1: Performance of improved chickpeaICCV-2 at Hyderabad


47

Early maturing hybrid maize PHEM-2 was

compared with local (Sathi) on 67 farmers fields

at Udaipur. Hybrid maize gave an additional

yield of 454 kg/ha with additional net returns

of Rs.1172/ha over Sathi variety (1554 kg/ha and

Rs.3922/ha). As per need and preference of farmers

the pure fodder purpose sweet sorghum hybrid

GHS-988 was evaluated on 20 farmers fields

along with local variety, GHS-988 gave 48 q/ha

of dry fodder in comparison to local which yielded

of 40 q/ha even under severe drought.

At Nagpur, introduction of improved fodder

sorghum (Pusa Chari) and fodder maize (African

Tall) recorded 221 and 485% increased yields,

respectively during pre-monsoon under protective

irrigation with additional net returns of Rs.2750

and Rs.4000/ha compared to farmers practice of

growing local sorghum (1.4 t/ha; Rs.1000/ha)

(Fig. 2). Similarly, during post-monsoon Pusa

Chari and African Tall gave an additional yield

of 8 and 13 t/ha with BC ratio of 3.0 and 4.0,

respectively, over farmers local sorghum (2 t/ha;

1.5). Evaluation of dual purpose sorghum variety

CSV-15 resulted net returns of Rs.13800/ha and

BC ratio of 2.3 compared to farmers local variety

BJH-117 (Rs.11600 and 1.7).

At Vengurle, growing hybrid rice Sahyadri

and improved variety Jaya gave an additional

net returns of Rs.16863 and Rs.13375/ha and

BC ratio of 2.84 and 2.84, respectively compared

to local variety Bela (Rs.6667/ha; 1.66). High

yielding groundnut varieties Konkan Gourav

and Phule Pragati produced 33.3 and 40.7%

higher yield of dry pods over local variety

(1215 kg/ha). The net returns realized were

Hybrid sorghum PHEM-2 on farmers fieldsat Udaipur

Improved fingermillet variety HR-374 onfarmers field at Vengurle

Fig. 2: Net returns and B:C ratio as influenced byimproved fodder varieties at Nagpur

NATP – CRIDA

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Rs.14437/ha for Konkan Gourav, Rs.15761/ha

for Phule Pragati and Rs.10143/ha for local

variety. Konkan Gourav and Phule Pragati gave

higher profit hence farmers prefer cultivation

of both varieties. But, under rabi hot weather

condition TG-26 found to be better variety

compared to Konkan Gourav and local variety.

Results from 10 farmers fields revealed that

growing high yielding horsegram variety Dapoli-

1 gave 16.3 and 13.6% increased yield with high

BC ratio (2.27) over local-1 (676 kg/ha; 2.14)

and local-2 (692 kg/ha; 2.19). Assessment of

high yielding fingermillet variety HR-374 resulted

15.5% increased yield with an additional net

returns of Rs.1218/ha compared to local

fingermillet variety (1840 kg/ha).

Table 1: Performance of various improved varieties on farmers fields at Vengurle

Crop Treatments Yield Cost of Additional Incremental B:C(kg/ha) inputs returns cost ratio


Rice (Vengurle) Local Bela 2815 10023 - - 0.90Sahyadri 6820 12762 16862 2739 1.44Jaya 5820 10870 13375 847 1.40

Dolichos Local 14600 20110 - - 1.25Konkan Bhushan 8700 19506 - - 1.12

Groundnut Local 1215 10779 - - 1.06Konkan Gaurav 1620 13073 4293 2294 1.16Phule Pragati 1710 13207 5617 2428 1.19

Horsegram Local 676 4042 - - 1.05Dapoli-1 786 4398 977 356 1.10

Fingermillet Local 1840 7222 - - 0.90HR-374 2126 7412 1218 190 0.95

Table 2: Performance of crop varieties in different TAR-IVLP centers

Centre Crop Treatments Yield (kg/ha) Cost of Gross Net B:C

Grain Straw Cultivation Income Income ratio

(Rs/ha) (Rs./ha) (Rs/ha)

Hyderabad Castor Local 310 - 3500 4650 1050 1.30Jyothi 373 - 3750 5595 1845 1.50Kranthi 423 - 3750 6345 2595 1.70DCH-32 360 - 4000 5716 1716 1.40DCH-177 380 - 4000 6080 2080 1.50

Fodder crops Local PJ-8K - 14000 1000 4200 3200 4.20Pusa Chari (Sorghum) - 22000 1800 9000 7200 5.00African Tall (Maize) - 31000 1800 10850 9050 6.00

Solapur Castor Local 195 785 4500 5077 577 1.12Kranti 330 1330 4850 8595 3745 1.77

Udaipur Maize Local (Sathi) 1554 3500 7250 11172 3922 1.54PEMH-2 2008 3400 8500 13594 5094 1.59


49

Cropping Systems

Intercropping of sorghum + pigeonpea at

IVLP village, Hyderabad recorded a grain yield

of 1631 and 124 kg/ha, respectively with local

varieties but when improved varieties were

introduced in the system, additional grain yield

of 467 and 43 kg/ha, respectively was realised in

5:1 ratio (Table 3).

Intercropping of littlemillet + pigeonpea –

horsegram system gave highest gross income

(Rs.9610/ha) followed by littlemillet + pigeonpea

(5:1) (Rs.8133/ha). These systems on an average

recorded higher gross income by 50 and 27%

compared to the sole littlemillet (6045/ha).

Pigeonpea variety Maruthi intercropped with

littlemillet recorded 22% reduction in wilt incidence

and 124% higher yield compared to local variety

at Dharwad.

At Bangalore, improved fingermillet variety

(GPU 28) on 60% area + pigeonpea HYV 3C

on 40% area gave net returns of Rs.13000/ha as

compared to the farmer practice of sole fingermillet

variety GPU-28 on entire area (Rs.3862/ha). Mixed

inter cropping of sorghum + cowpea + dolichos

produced 146% more net returns as compared

to sole fingermillet (Rs.3862/ha). Intercropping

of spinach, frenchbean and coriander in banana

enhanced the net returns by Rs.4640/-, Rs.4940/

- and Rs.13,339/ha respectively as compared to

sole banana (Rs.31,632/ha). In both treatments,

foliar spray of nutrients was given. Introduction

of drumsticks in place of ragi as a crop

diversification gave net returns of Rs.95216/ha

with a B:C ratio of 4.43 over farmers practice

of growing ragi (Rs.2759/ha and 1.27).

On shallow black soils of Solapur, pearlmillet

+ mothbean (2:1) gave 89% higher returns as

compared to farmers practice of mixed cropping

of coarse cereals with minor pulses (Rs.527/ha).

Similarly, intercropping of sunflower and pigeonpea

(2:1) on an average gave 47% of additional returns

as compared to the planting of sole crops in 3:3/

Introduction of rainfed drumstick in place of ragi onfarmers field at Bangalore

Intercropping of little millet + pigeonpea on farmersfield at Dharwad

NATP – CRIDA

50

2:2 strips (Rs.2490/ha). Intercropping of castor

+ cluster bean on medium deep clay loam soils

produced higher net returns (69%) as compared

to the sole castor (Rs.8595/ha).

At Udaipur, looking to the interest and need

of farming community okra variety Parbhani

Kranti and chilli variety Pusa Jwala were introduced

on 3 and 6 farmers fields, respectively. Okra gave

an additional net returns of Rs.6465/ha over

traditional maize (Rs.10500/ha). Similarly, growing

of chilli recorded net profit of Rs.23500/ha compared

to traditional maize (Rs.10500/ha).

At Nagpur, in shallow soils sorghum-coriander

sequence gave net returns of Rs.6000/ha with

B:C ratio of 2.25, compared to farmers practice

showing net returns Rs.2360/ha and B:C ratio

of 1.2 (Fig. 3). In medium deep soils, sorghum-

gram (Vijay) under rainfed situations, cotton-

coriander, soybean-wheat (Lok-1) and sorghum-

fodder maize (African Tall) proved better crop

Table 3: Potentials of various cropping systems on productivity and profitability at differentTAR-IVLP centres

Centre Treatments Yield (kg/ha) Cost of Gross Net B:C

Grain Straw Cultivation returns returns ratio


Hyderabad Sorghum (L) + Pigeonpea (L) 1880 + 115 2407 + 210 250 4850 10238 2.11

Sorghum (L)+ Pigeonpea (L) (3:1) 1382 + 132 1666 + 225 250 4850 8145 1.68

Sorghum (CSV-15) + 1677 + 105 1710 + 180 500 5100 12597 2.35Pigeonpea (Asha) (5:1)

Sorghum (CSV 15) + 1210 + 148 1247 + 185 500 5100 10278 1.92Pigeonpea (Asha) (3:1)

Bangalore Fingermillet (GPU-28) 1198 2030 11380 15242 3862 1.33

Fingermillet (GPU-28) + 866 + 461 1742 7600 15351 7751 2.01Pigeonpea (HYD-3C)Grain purpose

Fingermillet (GPU-28) + 833 + 86 (G) + 1450 6739 23384 16645 3.46Pigeonpea (HYD-3C) 2708 (V)Vegetable purpose

Fingermillet alone 1198 203 11380 15242 3862 1.34

Fingermillet + Sorghum + Cowpea 1125 1466 + 2833 12083 19516 7433 1.61

Fingermillet + Sorghum + Dolichos 833 195 + 3166 9630 19133 9503 1.98

Solapur Sole Castor 330 1330 4850 8595 3745 1.77

Castor + Cluster bean 305 + 900 836 9350 14554 5204 1.55

Dharwad Sole Littlemillet 915 - 2400 6405 4005 2.67

Littlemillet- Horsegram 864 + 213 - 2900 7892 4992 2.72

Littlemillet + Pigeonpea 799 + 127 - 2800 8133 5333 2.90

Littlemillet + Pigeonpea + 790 + 130 + 185 - 3100 9610 6510 3.10Horsegram


51

combinations under irrigated condition. Under

deep soil condition, cotton-wheat (HD-2189),

soybean-gram (Vijay), soybean-fodder maize

(African Tall) and sorghum-gram (Vijay) were

found better crop sequences. Growing bitter

gourd as intercrop in cashew orchard gave net

returns of Rs.23949/ha compared to farmers practice

of harvesting dry grass (Rs.1075/ha) or green

grass (Rs.1420/ha) as fodder. Similarly, in mango

orchard growing ridge gourd as intercrop resulted

net returns of Rs.23579/ha over farmers practice

of harvesting dry grass (Rs.1225/ha) or green

grass (Rs.2460/ha) as fodder.


At Hyderabad, castor seed yields increased

by 33 and 63% with basal fertilizer application

of 10-13-0 kg/ha and 10-13-0 kg/ha as basal +

20kg N as top dressing, respectively over farmers

practice (240 kg/ha). Use of 30-13-0 kg NPK/

ha was found economically optimum in terms of

BC ratio (1.2) as compared to RDF 50-13-0 /

ha under rainfed conditions.

At Bangalore, balanced nutrition of ragi with

FYM (5 t/ha) + rhizobium seed treatment +

67.5 kg P and 37.5 kg K/ha increased yield by

124% and net returns of Rs.7380/ha over farmers

practice of applying only FYM @ 5t/ha (260 kg/

ha, Rs.1500/ha).

At Solapur, use of biofertilizers along with

NPK @ 12.5:25:0 kg/ha in sole pigeonpea on

deep black clay soils recorded 25 and 113%

increased yield over bio fertilizer + NPK

@ 6.25:12.5:0 kg/ha (243 kg/ha) and farmers

Intercropping of pearlmillet + mothbean (2:1) atSolapur on farmers field

Introduction of okra at Udaipur

Fig. 3: High net returns and B:C ratio throughsorghum-coriander sequence at Nagpur

NATP – CRIDA

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practice of applying only urea @ 20 kg/ha

(143 kg/ha). Application of FYM @ 7.5 t/ha +

bio fertilizer + NPK @ 100:50:50 kg/ha (T3)

gave an additional yield of 330 and 850 kg/ha

and net returns of Rs.1815 and Rs.4675/ha

compared to FYM @ 5t/ha + bio fertilizer +

NPK @ 75:35:35 kg/ha (T2) (1390kg/ha,

Rs.7645/ha) and farmers practice of FYM

@ 4t/ha + NPK @ 50:25:25 kg/ha (T1) (870

kg/ha, Rs.4785/ha) in okra under limited

irrigation (Fig. 4).

At Nagpur, results from 16 farmers fields

revealed that application of 50:25:0 kg NPK/

ha (RDF) + Azotobactor+ 0.5 t/ha dung slurry

thrice in cotton (LRK-516) recorded 33%

increase in yield over FP (478 kg/ha). This

technology enhanced the productivity of

cotton by 18% over recommended dose of

fertilizers. Similarly in hybrid cotton (NHH-

44), integrated application of nutrients

(100:50:50 kg NPK/ha + Azotobacter + 0.5 t

dung slurry thrice) gave 13.9% increased yield

over RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK/ha) and 23.6%

over farmers practice. Additional net returns

obtained were Rs.1210/ha over RDF and Rs.2920/

ha over farmers practice and 31 farmers from

Comparison of balanced (right) and farmers practice(left) of fertilization in fingermillet at Bangalore

Cotton crop (variety LRK-516) underINM at Nagpur

Fig. 4: Influence of INM on yield and net returnsof okra at Solapur

Fig. 5: High net returns and B:C ratio with integratednutrient management in soybean at Nagpur


53

IVLP village followed this technology.

Application of 75% RDF (22.5:56.25 kg NP/

ha)+ Rhizobium+ PSB recorded 27% higher

yield soybean over FP (1050 kg/ha) (Fig. 5).

Table 4: Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and profitability at differentTAR-IVLP centres




Hyderabad Castor Farmers Practice 240 - 3800 3840 40 1.00(Kranti) (FYM @ 2t/ha)

FP + Basal 10:30:0 320 - 4150 5120 970 1.20NPK + 20kg N as TD/ha

FP + Basal 10:30:0 390 - 4415 6240 1825 1.40NPK + 30kg N as TD/ha

50:30:0 RDF 350 - 4680 5600 920 1.20

Bangalore Ragi Farmers Practice 782 1762 9210 11380 2170 1.23(GPU-28) (Imbalanced nutrition)

Balanced nutrition with 1233 220 11712 15690 3978 1.33Urea, SSP, Potash, ZnSO4

and Neem cake + tank silt

Solapur Sunflower + No fertilizer 85+73+ 190+ 3085 2874 -211 0.93Pigeonpea + (1 harrowing + 17+35 121Pearlmillet + 1 hoeing) (FP)Bajra

FP + Biofertilizer 105+100+ 330+ 3095 3572 477 1.1521+42 186

FP + Biofertilizer + 126+123+ 358+ 3500 4705 1205 1.34NP 15:12 kg/ha 28+57 227

FP + Biofertilizer + 159+142+ 375+ 3737 5895 2158 1.57NP 25:18 kg/ha 32+69 278

NBSSLUP Cotton Farmers Practice (50kg 400 - - - 4000 2.00Nagpur (LRK-516) 18:18:10/ 100 kg SSP/

50 kg DAP + 50kg Urea)

RDF (50:25:0 kg NPK/ha) 468 - - - 4860 2.08

RDF + Azotobactor kg NPK/ha) 493 - - - 5260 2.14

RDF Azotobacter + 0.5 lt dung 512 - - - 5540 2.17slurry (thrice) application

Cotton Farmers Practice (100kg 480 - - - 5300 2.23(NHH-44) 18:18:10/ 100 kg DAP +

100 kg Urea) (T1)

RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK/ha) 551 - - - 6320 2.34

RDF + Azotobactor kg NPK/ha) 584 - - - 6880 2.43

RDF Azotobacter + 0.5lt dung 617 - - - 7340 2.46slurry (thrice) application

Soybean FP (T1) 1050 - - - 4900 1.87

RDF 1235 - - - 5400 1.91

75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB 1335 - - - 6150 1.99

NATP – CRIDA

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Table 5: Rainwater management technologies on productivity and profitability in different crops




Hyderabad Sorghum + Farmers Practice (control) 950+ 1560+ 4600 5917 1317 1.29pigeonpea 100 130

(3:1) Conservation Furrows for 1125 + 1700 + 4900 7110 2210 1.45every 4 rows 130 169

10:30:0 (basal) 20 kg 1470+ 2052+ 5200 9746 4546 1.87N after dry spell 208 260

CF for every 4 rows + 1680+ 2415+ 5500 10907 5425 1.9810:30:0 (basal) 20 kg N 218 270after dry spell

Pigeonpea+ No moisture conservation 200 + 100 - 4000 4200 200 1.05

mungbean CF 270 + 150 - 4300 5820 1520 1.35

(1:2) CF+ Addn 10kg N 300 + 180 - 4200 6600 2400 1.57after dryspell

Castor Farmers Practice 280 - 3500 4480 980 1.30

CF for every 1.8m interval 350 - 3800 5600 1800 1.50

10:30:0 basal + Top 390 - 3700 6240 2540 1.70dressing 20kg N afterdrought relief

CF at 1.8m + 10:30:0 430 - 3720 6880 3160 1.90basal + TD 20kg N afterdrought relief

Bangalore Ragi Farmers Practice (No soil & 833 1975 10174 12933 2759 1.27water conservation)

30 tons of tank silt/ha 1198 2030 11380 15245 3865 1.34

30 tank silt+ 1 ragi husk + 1679 2735 11920 21015 9095 1.76200 kg of ash from brick unit

Solapur Pigeonpea + Summer harrowing only 58 + 153 919 3059 3076 17 1.00Sunflower (no moisture conservation)

Formation of compartmental 95 + 298 1181 3403 5558 2155 1.63bunds after last harrowingbefore monsoon

Ridges & furrows after last 89 + 208 1052 3684 4268 584 1.16harrowing before monsoon

Soil and moistureConservation

At Hyderabad, formation of conservation

furrows (CF) in sorghum + pigeonpea system

gave additional grain yield of 175 and 30 kg/ha

over farmers practice (950 and 100 kg/ha).

Conservation furrows with additional nitrogen

@ 20kg N/ha after the dry spell further

provided stability in production during dry

spell (Table 5).


55

Among various land treatments tried for

establishment of multi purpose trees on degraded

lands, crescent bunding resulted in the highest

survival percentage followed by trapezoidal

bunding on farmers fields in IVLP village at

Dharwad. At the same location, simple moisture

conservation practice like rubble/pebble check

gave highest cotton yield (550 kg/ha) followed

by ridges and furrows (520 kg/ha) and farmers

practice (480 kg/ha) in cotton, cowpea, pigeonpea

mixed cropping.

In coarse textured soils of Bangalore,

application of tank silt @ 30 t/ha + 1 t ragi

husk + 200 kg brick unit waste (Practice I)

gave 1679 kg/ha of ragi yield, while application

of 30 t/ha tank silt (Practice II) recorded 1198

kg/ha and farmers practice of no soil and

water conservation gave only 833 kg/ha

(Fig. 6). The net returns recorded were

Rs.9095/ha and Rs.3865/ha with additional

returns per rupee spent was 4.62 and 1.91 in

practice I and II, respectively as compared to

Rs.2759/ha in farmers practice.

At Solapur, compartmental bunds in

pigeonpea and sunflower enhanced the net

returns by 80% as compared to control

(Rs.3076/ha). Similarly, in sole pigeonpea

formation of compartmental bunds resulted

higher yield by 80% and net returns by 76%

over farmers practice of summer harrowing

(150 kg/ha; Rs.2353/ha). Increased micro

catchments before onset of monsoon and dry

grass in basin of ber plants enhanced the fruit

yield and returns by 26% as compared to control

(850kg/ha).

Conservation furrows and application of additional N asdrought management practice in Alfisols at Hyderabad

Pigeonpea with compartmental bunding as aconservation method at Solapur

Fig. 6: Better Water Management in rainfed Ragi usingtank silt in ragi at Bangalore

NATP – CRIDA

56

Integrated Pest Management(IPM)

Use of cultural methods and collection of

late instar larvae of red hairy caterpillar at Hyderabad

enhanced the productivity of castor by 171 and

115 kg/ha as compared to the farmers practice

of two sprays of systemic insecticide endosulfan

(413kg/ha). Timely control of ear head bug in

sorghum and Heliothis in pigeonpea in

sorghum+pigeonpea intercropping system with

neem based formulation enhanced the seed yield

of sorghum (58%) and pigeonpea (143%), while

under chemical control the yield increase was

20% in sorghum and 54% in pigeonpea over

farmers practice of no plant protection (968 and

109 kg/ha).

At Dharwad, IPM module involving the use

of insecticides, trap crop, pheromone trap, HaNPV

and parasite release enhanced the cotton yield

by 58% as compared to indiscriminate pesticide

use by farmers (570kg/ha). Use of wilt resistant

pigeonpea variety Maruthi as a component of

IPM recorded highest grain yield (132 kg/ha)

followed by local variety + application of

Trichoderma (88 kg/ha) over farmers practice of

using local variety. In Bengal gram HaNPV spray

reduced the pod borer incidence (3.9%) and gave

an additional income of Rs.840/ha compared to

the farmers practice of only insecticide spray

(8.8%). This practice was adopted by 27 farmers

in IVLP village and 3 farmers in non-IVLP village

covering an area of 13 and 2.4 ha respectively.

At Bangalore, application of 250 kg neem

cake per ha at flowering stage (T1) of Dolichos

recorded seed yield of 533 kg/ha over 2 sprays

of cypermethrin @ 0.5 ml/l (T2) (341 kg/ha)

and farmers practice of no pest control (250 kg/

ha) (Fig. 7 and Table 6). Pod borer incidence

was 9.5% in neem cake application 17.1% in

cypermethrin application and 38.4% in farmers

practice. The BC ratio recorded was 2.52, 2.20

and 0.76 in neem, cypermethrin application and

farmers practice, respectively. Similarly, in case

of pigeonpea yield recorded was 933 kg/ha in

Preparation of neem oil suspension for managementof powdery mildew in okra at Bangalore

Growing mustard as trap crop in cabbage anIPM component


57

neem cake application @ 250 kg/ha at flowering

and after 15 days of first application, 733 kg/

ha in cypermethrin 0.5 ml/l + thiodon 2 ml/

l twice compared to farmers practice of no control

measures (230 kg/ha). The net returns recorded

were Rs.11260/ha. Twice spraying of neem oil

(2%) enhanced the yield of okra by 10% and

net returns by 228% as compared to farmer’s

practice of spraying 0.3% sulphur six times

(5333 kg/ha, Rs.11710/ha). Use of pongamia

soap 1% at 20, 30, 40 and 50 DAS for controlling

the diamond back moth in cabbage resulted

68% increased yields and B:C ratio of 2.57over

farmers practice of spraying chemicals 13-14

times (48330 kg/ha, 1.50).

At Solapur, use of pheromone trap @ 5/

ha, lure @ 10/ha, neem seed extract 5% and

HaNPV 250 ml/ha against hairy caterpillar and

pod borer complex in sunflower + pigeonpea

intercropping system increased the income by

66% as compared to the control (Rs.2197/ha).

IPM package consisting of pheromone trap,

cultivation practices, neem seed extract (5%),

NPV culture and endosulfan spray against pest

complex in rainfed pigeonpea gave an additional

yield of 119 kg/ha and net returns of Rs.1856/

ha over farmers practice of need based dusting

of 2% folidol. In okra use of pheromone trap

with spodolure + 5 % NSKE + dimethoate

increased yield and net returns by 27% over

farmer practice of improper use of pesticides

(1691 kg/ha; Rs.9300/ha)

At Jhansi, spraying of NPV (Nuclear

Polyhydrosis Virus) @ 625 ml/ha along with

better agronomic practices (line sowing) increased

the yields and net returns by 51 and 94%, respectively

with reduced pod borer incidence over farmers

practice of hand pulling of effected plants in

gram.

At Vengurle, use of Methyl Eugenol trap

(Rakshak) for control of fruit fly in mango showed

better performance with low fruit fly incidence

compared to farmers practice of spraying Malathion

50 EC @ 0.05%.

Fig. 7: Control of pod borer in dalicos atBangalore through IPM Installation of pheromone trap in pigeonpea as

component of IPM at Solapur

NATP – CRIDA

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Table 6: Effect of integrated pest management on productivity and profitability at different TAR-IVLP centers




Hyderabad Sorghum + Farmers Practice 968+ 1588+ 4600 6132 1532 1.30Pigeonpea 109 158

Chemical control (Quinolphos 1161+ 1736+ 5100 7602 2502 1.50@ 2ml/lt of water) 2 sprays 168 205

Neem based formulation 1525+ 2087+ 5100 10787 5687 2.10@ 5ml/lt of water 2 sprays 265 315

Neem + cultural methods 1654+ 2488+ 5100 11864 6764 2.30(shaking of plants) 292 346

Castor – Farmers practice 252 - 3500 4032 532 1.15resourcepoor farmer Chemical – 2 sprays of 459 - 3900 7344 3444 1.88

endosulphan @ 2ml/lt

Cultural – ITK bird perches + 330 - 3900 5280 1380 1.35neem based pesticide

Hyderabad Castor- Farmers practice 237 - 3500 3792 292 1.10moderatelyresource Chemical – 2 sprays of 293 - 4200 4688 488 1.10endowed endosulphan @ 2ml/ltfarmer

Biointensive treatment with 398 - 4200 6368 2168 1.50parasite – Trichogramma@ 50000/ha – 4 releases

BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) 458 - 4200 7328 3128 1.70application

Castor -RHC Farmers practice 242 - 3500 3872 372 1.10

Chemical – 2 sprays of 298 - 3900 4768 868 1.20endosulphan @ 2ml/lt

Cultural + collection of 413 - 3900 6608 2708 1.70late instar larvae

Cultural + chemical (1 spray) 431 - 3900 6896 2996 1.80

Bangalore Dolichos Farmers Practice No spray 250 6560 5000 (-)1560 0.76

Alternate practice I (2 sprays 341 10416 22999 12583 2.20of cypermethrin 0.5ml/L)

Alternate practice II (applying 533 8580 21666 13086 2.52250kg of neem cake/ha atflowering stage)

Redgram Farmers practice No Spray 156 4789 5360 571 1.11

Alternate practice I (2 sprays 544 8222 14002 5780 1.70of Cypermethrin 0.5 ml / l +Thiodon 2ml /l)

Alternate practice II (neem 733 7300 14666 7366 2.00cake @ 250 kg / ha atflowering stage and15 days after)


59




Tomato Farmers practice 19500 10546 65625 55079 6.22Growing local varietyof tomatoAlternate practice - Resistant 23437 9546 61328 51782 6.42variety of tomato IIHR-1

Brinjal Farmers practice (Use of 8700 25230 23625 -1605 2.90chemicals 7 – 8 times)Alternate practice I (Use of 11058 18000 33677 15677 1.62Neem cake 250 kg / ha atplanting and at 45 and 90 DAP)

Okra Farmers practice - Spraying 5333 20260 32000 11710 1.57of sulphur 0.3% - six timesAlternate practice I Neem oil 9600 19173 57600 38427 3.002% - two times

Chilly Farmers practice - Local 1341 - 67083 54967variety + spraying ofsulphur 0.03% - four timesAlternate practice I - Growing 2140 107000 95090resistant variety PMR 14(pendant)Alternate practice II - Resistant 1850 92500 78570variety PMR 19 (Erect)

Solapur Sunflower + Farmers practice 30+16+ 156+ 2143 1466 -677 0.68Pigeonpea + 31+24 179Pearlmillet +Bajra Control of red hairy 43+29+ 232+ 3136 2181 -955 0.69

caterpillar on sunflower- 46+29 261Kerosene 200 ml, pheromonetrap 1, lure 2, endosulfan250 ml, HNPV 100 ml,neem cake 5 kg

Pigeonpea + No control measures (FP) 109+ 38 510+ 188 1526 2197 671 1.43sunflower Collection of first instar 176+ 75 625+ 234 2464 3657 1193 1.48

hairy caterpillar +IPM i.epheromone trap-5, lure-10/ha, neem seed extract5% & HNPV 250 ml/ha

Sole ITK sorghum seed in 171 311+ 708 3087 2590 -497 0.83Pigeonpea pigeonpea and need based

one dusting of folidol 2%One spray of Endosulphan 234 384+ 861 3463 3602 139 1.040.07% followed by 1 sprayof Fenvalerate 0.02% at15 days interval startingfrom floweringIPM package i.e. cultivation 290 462+ 1009 3627 4447 820 1.22practices Pheromone trap &lure, Neem seed extract 5%,NPV culture, Endosulphan

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Livestock Management

At IVLP center, Hyderabad, Urea Molasses

Mineral Block (UMMB) in cows and buffaloes

increased the milk yield by 1.15 and 1.0 l/day,

respectively as compared to the farmer practice

of only open grazing. The benefit was more in

cows than buffalos. An increase of 0.63 l/day

milk yield was observed due to concentrate @

1.5 kg/animal/day whereas 1.54 l/day increase

was recorded with concentrate and mineral mixture

(liquid @ 80ml/animal/day) supplementation.

Apart from increase in milk production all the

animals supplemented with mineral mixture showed

symptoms of heat at proper time and conceived

at first service. No symptoms of mineral deficiency

and disease occurrence were observed in

supplemented group whereas animals of

unsupplemented group showed symptoms of

mineral deficiency-Pica.

At Bangalore, use of broken maize grain 15%

along with market concentrate 15% and mineral

mixture enhanced the milk yield of dairy cows

by 74 l/month as compared to the use of balanced

concentrates + oil cake (376 l/month). But the

practice without mineral mixture gave Rs.300

additional net returns compared to the farmer

practice (Rs.1290/ha).

At Solapur, feeding of mineral supplements

(8 kg salt lick for 8 months) to cross bred cows

resulted in increase in milk yield by 200-250 ml/

cow/day and increase in fat by 0.2-0.4 per cent.

Use of albomar in buffalos for control of

endoparasites increased milk yield by 100-150

ml/day/buffalo. Upgradation of local breed through

Osmanabadi buck showed good performance by

increased average weight at birth (200-250 g/

kid) and more body weight gain after 6 months

(2-2.5 kg/animal) over local buck.

At Jhansi, supplementation of ration (dry

fodder 10 kg +green fodder 10 kg/ animal/day)

with essential minerals (500 g concentrate + 50

g mineral mixture/ animal/day) enhanced the

Animal health camp at IVLP village ofRanga Reddy, AP

Osmanabadi buck used for upgradation oflocal breed at Solapur


61

milk yield of cows and buffaloes by 67 and 25%

with B C ratio of 1.60 and 2.49, respectively

compared to the farmers practice of feeding green

fodder + limited concentrate (2.47 l/cow/day,

5.42 l/buffalo/day, BC ratio 1.04 for cows and

2.13 for buffaloes) (Fig 8).

At Udaipur, use of mineral vitamin supplement

(Mustomix) @ 30-50 g/day in concentrate increased

the conception rate. In experimental group [15],

9 buffaloes were conceived in first heat and 6

were conceived in second heat, but in control

group [10] only one buffalo was conceived in

first heat, 6 were in second heat and reduced the

age at first calving of buffaloes.

Fig 8: Increased milk yield of cows by mineralsupplemented ration at Jhansi

Farming systems module

At IVLP, Dharwad, improved farming system

modules were tried for achieving self-sustainability

and augmenting income of small and marginal

farmers. The structure of the module is given in

figure below.

Allocation of areas under different crops in farming system modules at Dharwad

FS Modules of the farmers % of allocated area of the farm

Oilseeds Commercial Food Vegetables Foddercrops grains Crops

Marginal farmers (1 ha) 44.5 26.0 22.0 7.5 -

Small farmers (1-2 ha) 19.8 17.0 53.6 3.0 6.6

Improved farming system modules for small

and marginal farmers gave higher net returns by

28 and 42%, respectively over traditional systems.

These modules reduced the dependency on costly

inputs by 16 and 31% for these two categories

of farmers.

Agri-horticultural System

At Hyderabad, performance of annual crops

in established tamarind orchard was tried and

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results indicated that there is no variation in

seed yields of castor equivalents grown in between

tamarind rows and castor alone (Table 7). Among

intercrops tried tamarind + cenchurus gave

highest net returns (Rs.2800/ha) and B:C ratio

(4.5) compared to tamarind + castor (Rs.250/

ha, 1.1) and tamarind + stylo (Rs.90/ha, 1.2).

Use of FYM (5 kg) with DAP (500 g per plant)

in the month of July 1 week enhanced the fruit

yield by 4.5 times and net returns by 4 times

compared to the farmers practice with existing

plantation of custard apple. While additional

FYM @ 5 kg/plant alone increased the gross

returns (Rs.330/ha) compared to the control

(Rs.150/ha) even in ill distributed rainfall years

like 2002. Thus, improvement of existing sparse

plantation of custard apple in arable lands can

supplement the income of rainfed farmers.

At Bangalore, banana intercropped with

coriander gave highest net returns (Rs.333770/

ha) and B:C ratio (6.45) compared to intercropping

with palak (Rs.316177/ha, 5.49), French bean

(Rs.315872/ha, 5.48) and sole banana (Rs.311632/

ha, 5.45) (Table 8).

Intercropping of cenchurus in tamarindplantation at Hyderabad

Intercropping of coriander in bananaat Bangalore

Table 7: Influence of different management practices on productivity and profitability of tamarind atHyderabad




Hyderabad Established Tamarind + Castor (1:2) 250 - 3500 3750 250 1.10

Tamarind Tamarind + Cenchurus - 1200 800 3600 2800 4.50

orchard Tamarind + Stylo - 690 600 690 90 1.20

Sole Tamarind - - - - - -

Sole castor 280 - 3500 4200 700 1.20


63

Gender Issues

At Bangalore, use of hand operated fodder

cutter reduced the drudgery and increased the

efficiency of farm woman by 114% over use of

local cutter (350 kg/hr).

At Solapur, 5 peg thoothed hoes found more

useful under normal weed intensity resulting in

Table 8: Influence of different management practices on productivity and profitability of banana atBangalore and ber at Solapur

Center Crop Treatments Yield Cost of Gross Net B:C(kg/ha) Cultivation returns returns ratio


Bangalore Banana Farmers practice 76326 70000 381632 311632 5.45(only Banana)

Banana + 71069 + 61201 394971 333770 6.45Coriander 24646*

Banana+ Palak 74416 + 70395 386572 316177 5.4928703*

Banana+ 72727 + 70400 386272 315872 5.48French Beans 26800*

Solapur Ber No moisture 850 9837 14087 4250 1.43conservation

Micro-catchments 1070 11587 16937 5350 1.46before onset ofmonsoon for in situmoisture conservationand dry grass mulcharound trunk afterwithdrawal of monsoon

Farmers practice of fodder cutting (left) and improved fodder cutter (right) at Bangalore

more converge with less exertion compared to

use of local hoes.

Harvesting of crops by improved serrated sickle

at Jhansi reduced the man days (10 man days/ha)

and increased net saving by Rs.120 in labour wages

over farmers practice of using desi sickle (12 man

days/ha and labour wages Rs.720/ha).

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5


The TAR-IVLP center at IIPR, Kanpur

implemented the programme in Hamirpur

district under pulses based production system.

The salient achievements are as under:


Improved varieties of mungbean, Samrat and

Narendra Moong-1 recorded higher yields of 245%

and 119% and lower incidence of YMV as compared

to local variety (360 kg/ha) (Fig. 1). Urdbean

variety IPU 94-1 found tolerant to YMV infestation

(0.9 %) with 206 % higher seed yield over farmers

variety (650 kg/ha) on sandy loam and loamy

soils in Hamirpur district. Pigeonpea genotypes

Narendra Arhar-1 and Amar were found to be

tolerant to root rot and wilt and Narendra Arhar-

1 was more tolerant than Amar and local varieties

and showed more number of primary and secondary

branches. These varieties produced 25-30% more

yield compared to the local checks in loam and

sandy loam soils.

In sesamum, the HYVs Type 78, TKG-22,

produced higher grain yield of 29 and 45% as

compared to the local (490 kg/ha). Improved

varieties of Lok 1, Raj-1555 and PBW 343 of

wheat varieties were found most appropriate for

achieving stable yields in Bundelkhand region of

UP. In the same region, mustard varieties Varuna

and Vaibhav recorded higher seed yield (28 and

18%) as compared to the local (1580 kg/ha). In

linseed high yielding varieties Laxmi-27 and Neelam

found superior in yield (15 and 25%) over farmers

local variety (740 kg/ha), but in case of field pea

Aparna and HUDP-15 were shown better

performance on farmers fields than local variety.

More than 60% farmers are willing to cultivate

HUDP-15 variety during rabi season 2003-04. InFig. 1: Performance of improved varieties of

mungbean


65

case of tomato, variety Type-2 (31600 kg/ha) was

performed better under farmer situation over

Type 1 (22000 kg/ha) and farmers variety (18000

kg/ha) with net returns of Rs.41530, 20640 and

12720/ha respectively because of its resemblance

to local variety and tolerant to yellow leaf curl

virus.

Cropping Systems

Inter cropping of pigeonpea (Bahar) + sorghum

(CSV-15) in 2:1 row ratio under rainfed upland

condition gave 915 and 270 kg/ha of pigeonpea

Performance of Amar - a wilt resistant pigeonpeavariety on farmers field in Hamirpur

Performance of Varuna - a high yielding mustardvariety on clay loam soil in Bundelkhand, U.P.

and sorghum yields, respectively with BC ratio

of 3.3 over farmers practice of mixed cropping

of pigeonpea and sorghum (785 and 230 kg/ha

Fig. 2: Performance of pigeonpea + sorghum (2:1) onfarmers field at Hamirpur

Table 1: Yield and economics of improved varieties of pigeonpea at Hamirpur

S.No Indicators Treatments

Local Amar Narendra Arhar-1

1. Average yield (kg/ha) 773 1034 1000

2. Per cent increase in yield - 34 29

3. Additional cost of intervention (Rs./ha) - 322 322

4. Average gross income (Rs./ha) 11595 15510 15000

5. Additional average income (Rs./ha) - 3915 3405

6. Net returns (Rs./ha) 7433 11026 10516

7. B:C ratio 2.79 3.46 3.34

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and BC ratio 3.1). In chickpea, JG-315 performed

well in rainfed monocropping on clay soil and

found resistant for wilt, whereas JG-322 was

suitable for double cropping system on clay loam

and loamy soils. After the first year, most farmers

kept the seed of these varieties for sowing in next

year paving the way for seed village concept. An

additional area of about 65 ha was brought under

JG-315 during 2001-03. Intercropping of chickpea

(BG - 256) and mustard (Vaibhav) in 6:2 ratio

Intercropping of chickpea + mustard (left) and chickpea + linseed (right) at Hamirpur district

recorded similar profits with that of double cropping

on clay loams (kabar) and loam (parwar) soils.

More than 70% of chickpea + linseed area under

rainfed areas was covered in 6:2 ratio.


Among various IPM modules tried in lentil,

seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum +

vitavax was found to be the most beneficial

with a B:C ratio of 2.20, followed by two summer

Bird perching (left) and pheromone trap (right) in chickpea - components of IPM technologyon farmers field in Hamirpur


67

ploughings + seed treatment with Thiram +

Carbendazim (2g+1g)/kg (1.79). One spray of

0.4% Monocrotophos and second spray of

NSKE (5%) after 15 days enhanced the

productivity by 15% compared to control (813

kg/ha) in lentil. Thus, neem seed kernal extract

became very popular with the farmers in the

village. In chickpea, Trichoderma seed treatment

gave 25% higher yield compared to the control

(730 kg/ha) due to efficient control of root rot

/ wilt diseases. Use of pheromone trap and spray

of NSKE controlled the pod borer in chickpea.

These two components of IPM technology

became most popular among farmers of IVLP

village in Hamirpur district.

Integrated nutrientmanagement

Integrated nutrient management in rainfed

upland pigeonpea with 10:25:10 kg N, P2O5,

S /ha + rhizobium culture recorded higher

seed yield (1025 kg/ha) and net returns of

Rs.10258 per ha over farmers method of

fertilizer application (840 kg/ha and Rs.8365

per ha). Results from seven farmers fields

indicated use of 18 kg N/ha + 23 kg P2O5/ha

+ 10 kg S/ha along with rhizobium culture in

chickpea on clay and clay loam soils under

rainfed conditions gave 15 % increased yields

and B:C ratio of 2.66 as compared to farmers

practice of 5.6 kg N/ha + 14 kg P2O5/ha application

(1000 kg/ha and 2.43).

Similarly, in case of lentil 104 and 354 kg/

ha of additional yield obtained by INM (7.5

kg N, 20 P2O5and 10 kg S/ha + rhizobium

culture) over the application of chemical fertilizers

alone (15:40:20 kg N, P2O5, S) (1584 kg/ha)

and farmers practice (5 kg N + 12.5 kg P2O5)(1334

kg/ha) with BC ratios of 3.74, 3.22 and 3.14,

respectively.

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6

Publications and OtherExtension Activities

Research articles in Journals

Bora, S.C., Bhattacharjee, D. and Barbora,A.C.(2002) : Effect of weed management onyield and quality of Khasi mandarin (Citrusreticulata, Blanco). Indian J. Citri Culture.Pp.62-65.

Krishna Moorthy. P.N., N.K.Krishna Kumar, 2002.Effecacy of neem seed kernel powder extractson cabbage pests. Pest Management inHorticultural Ecosystems.6 : 27-31.

Mohanty.A and Mohanty.C.R., 2003 Combiningability for yield and its components in marigold.J. Ornamental Horticulture, 6(1):34-38.

Mohanty.A and Mohanty.C.R., 2003 Heterosisstudies in African marigold. J. OrnamentalHorticulture, 6(1):55-57.

Mohapatra, A.K.B. and Dixit. L. (2002) Productionpotential and economics of niger based croppingsystem. Indian J. Agronomy, 47(4):495-498.

Nimje P.M and Vijay Agrawal (2002) Effect ofsoil solarization on weed density and growthof chilli, brinjal and marigold. Indian Journalof Weed Science. 34: 324-326

Singh S.K. and Roy Burman R. 2003. Assessmentand introduction of improved chickpeavarieties in existing pulse based rainfedcropping system in Hamirpur District.(U.P).Indian Journal of Extension Education, Vol.3 (2), pp. 6- 11.

Velayutham. M, Ramamurthy, V. and Venugopalan.M.V., 2002. Agricultural land use planning:from theoretical perspectives to participatoryaction plan in the Indian context. The Land,6(4): 45-60.

Papers presented in seminars/symposia/conference

Bara, N., Singh ‘Ratan’ R.P. and Singh R.K. (2002).Farm women’s contribution to sustainableagriculture in Jharkhand. In: Abstracts ofstate level conference of empowering farmwomen of Jharkhand organized by BAU,Kanke, Ranchi. Pp.30

Bara, Niva, Singh. R and Singh R.P. (2003).Participatory technology development: aninnovative approach to development of tribalagriculture in Jharkhand. In: Abstracts ofNational Seminar on Extension Strategy for


69

promoting Development Initiatives amongFarming Community held at G.B.Pant Univ.of Agril & Tech. June 18-20, pp.111-112

Bharad.S.G., Gomase.B.P., Jadhav.G.S. andDhore.R.N. (2003) Farmers’ participatoryassessment and refinement of agriculturaltechnologies - A Case Study. In: Abstractsof National Seminar on “Responding toChanges and Challeges: New Roles ofAgricultural Extension” at College ofAgriculture, Nagpur. February 7-9 pp. 37

Bhogal, N.S., S.K. Jha, Arvind Kumar (2002).Efficacy of zinc in improving mustard yieldon farmer’s field. Extended summaries, Vol-1, 2nd International Agronomy Congress.New Delhi. Nov. 26-30 pp

Bora, S.C., Bhattacharjee, D. Barbora, A.C andHazarika, N. (2003) : Evaluation of intercropin Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata, blanco)orchard of prebearing stages, 48th Annualtechnical session Silchar, 18th Jan, 2003. pp.23.

Bora, S.C., Bhattacharjee, D. Barbora, A.C andSaikia A.J.(2003) : Nutrient status in Khasimandarin (Citrus reticulata, blanco) orchardand its effect on yield and quality, 48th Annualtechnical session Silchar, 18th Jan, 2003. pp.22.

Bora, S.C., Bhattacharjee, D. Bora, S.C and Kalita,H. (2002) : Indigenous technological knowledgeof insect pest control in Sali rice in NBPZof Assam. Proceedings of Annual technicalsession of the Assam Science Society.

Dwivedi, R.N., P.Sharma, B.S.Meena, MaharajSingh, Sadhna Pandey and , M.B. Tamhankar(2002) Studies on crop and fodder resourcesprevalent among farmers of Bundelkhand

region of Madhya Pradesh. National symposiumon grassland and fodder research in the newmillennium, October,30-November l’ 2002.Organised by Range management society ofIndia at IGFRI, Jhansi. P:185-187-188

Edward Raja M (2002), presented paper on “Useof neem seed cake as soil amendment forrecycling nutrients in resource poor bananafarming situation in semi-arid tropics” - atthe “World Neem Conference”, held on 27th

- 30th November, 2002 at Mumbai.

Edward Raja M (2002), paper on: (a) Foliar nutritionas a precision farming technology of higherbanana productivity in garden land situationand (b) Sunburn an important yield limitingfactor in banana cultivation under semi-aridclimate - at the “Global Conference on Bananaand Plantain”, held on 28th -31st October,2002 at Bangalore.

Jha S.K, Manoj Kumar and O. P. Premi 2002.Integration of vermicompost in nutrientmanagement for Indian mustard (Brassicajuncea) Extended summaries, Vol-1, 2ndInternational Agronomy Congress New Delhi.Nov. 26-30 pp 620-621.

Kololgi, S.D., Biradar Nagarathna and Budihal,R.A. (2003), Signal grass – A low cost forageproduction technology on bunds. Paperpresented in the National Seminar on publicityupgradation and safety aspects on Dairyproducts. 19-20, Feb.2003, Vet. College, Bidar.

Kololgi, S.D., Channappagoudar, B.B. and Budihal,Sweet Sorghum – A potential fodder crop fordairy farmers. Paper presented in NationalWorkshop on Homestead Farming, 6-7 March,

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2003, Farming System Research Station,Sadanandapuram, Kallam, Kerala. Pp.28

Mamle Desai, N.R., Budihal, R.A., Ashwatham,V.H. and Kololgi, S.D. A paper entitled“Integrated Farming Systems, to achievesustainability and stability in farm incomeof Small and Medium Farmers”. Paper presentedin National Workshop on Homestead Farming,6-7 March, 2003, Farming System ResearchStation, Sadanandapuram, Kallam, Kerala. Pp.32

Meena Sandhya. “Estimation of gain in efficiencythrough use of improved technologicalintervention in Agricultural operations andconstraints in their adoption” in 1st NationalExtension Education Congress for NationalGrowth at Agra from 12-14 Sep, 2003.

Misra A.K. and Ramana D.B.V., 2003. Effect ofrice bran supplementation on growth rate inlambs reared under small holder farming system.Proceedings of National Symposium onSustainable Livestock Production, JNKVV,Jabalpur, March 6-8, 2003.

Misra, A.K. and Singh. H.P. 2002. Contributionof common grazing lands to livestockproduction in semi-arid India. Proceedings ofNational Symposium on Sustainable LivestockProduction, JNKVV, Jabalpur, March 6-8, 2003.

Misra, A.K. and Singh. H.P. 2002. Contributionof livestock and common grazing lands topeople’s livelihood to semi-arid India. Paperpresented in the National symposium onGrassland and Fodder Research in the NewMillennium, October 30-November 1, 2002,Indian Grass Grassland and Fodder ResearchInstitute, Jhansi, India.

Nimje P.M and D.M. Bhandarkar (2002)Participatory Water Management by SmallFarmers in Vertisols of Vindhyan Plateau.Proc. of National Seminar on Water Managementheld at K.V.K., Dapoli during 26th to 28th

Oct. 2002.

Nimje P.M and Vijay Agrawal (2002) Effect ofMulti-enterprise Systems on EmploymentGeneration and Income of Farmers of VindhyaPlateau. Proc. of 6th Agricultural ScienceCongress on Multi enterprise System for viableAgriculture. Organised by NAASS-IISS &JNKVV at CIAE, Bhopal 13th to 15th Feb.2003.

Nimje P.M and Vijay Agrawal(2002) WaterConservation and Management Technologiesfor Limited Irrigated Situation in Rainfed Vertisols.Proc. of the National Seminar on WaterManagement and Conservation held at WALMI,Bhopal during 26th to 27th Dec., 2002.

Nimje P.M., Vijay Agrawal and R.D. Soni (2002)Participatory Evaluation of Weed ControlTechnology for Soybean under Village Eco-system. Extended Summary in Proc. of 2nd

International Agronomy Congress. Nov. 26-30, 2002, New Delhi. PP. 1449-1450.

Pandey, Sadhna., B.S.Meena, M.B.Tamhankar,R.N.Dwivedi, Maharaj Singh and R.K.Sharma(2003) Assessment of drudgery reducingtechnologies for farm women. 15t NationalExtension Education Congress, September12-14, 2003. Organised by Society of ExtensionEducation, Agra.98-99

Premi, O.P., Manoj Kumar, Fateh Singh, S K. Jhaand Arvind Kumar 2003. On-farm assessment


71

of mustard based crop sequences under floodprone eastern plain zone of Rajasthan. Abstractsof National Symposium on resourcesmanagement for eco friendly crop production.CSAUA&T, Kanpur, Feb 26-28, pp 11.

Premi, O.P., Manoj Kumar, Jha, S.K., Fateh Singh,and Arvind Kumar 2003. On-farm testing ofcluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub) as green manure in mustard. Extendedsummary, National seminar on “Stressmanagement in oilseeds for attaining self-reliance in vegetable oils” DOR Hyderabad.Jan. 28-30, pp 265-266.

Premi, O.P., S.K Jha and Manoj Kumar 2002.Profitability of intercropping of mustard(Brassica juncea.) with lentil (Lens culinaris)under rainfed conditions of Rajasthan. Extendedsummaries, Vol-2, 2nd International AgronomyCongress New Delhi. Nov. 26-30 pp 840-841.

Rao, K.S, K.P. Jha and B.N. Singh, 2002, “Refinementand fine-tuning of production technologiesfor upland rice production system throughInstitute Village Linkage Programme in rainfedareas of Cuttack district, Orissa” In: abstr.National Symposium on Upland RiceProduction System held at CRURRS,Hazaribagh during 26-28 September,2002.pp.79.

Reddy, BMK., Sree Rekha, M., Maruthi, V. SubbaReddy, G., and Sailaja, K. , 2003. Evaluationof Drought Management on productivity ofRainfed Oilseed Crops in Alfisols. Paperpresented in National Seminar on “StressManagement in oilseeds for attaining self-reliance in vegetable oils”, January 28-30, 2003

by Indian Society of Oilseeds Research, DOR,Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030.pp.227.

Sharma,P., R.N.Dwivedi, B.S.Meena and SadhnaPandey (2002) Farmers led research andextension in animal production-issues inBundelkhand. National symposium ongrassland and fodder research in the newmillennium, October,30-November l’ 2002.Organised by Range management society ofIndia at IGFRI, Jhansi. P:185-186

Singh S. K., Chaudhary R. G., Singh K. K., BurmanR. Roy. and Ansari Md Shamim. 2003. Farmerparticipatory approach in developing locationspecific and need based chickpea technologyunder rainfed situation. In Abstract of NationalSymposium on “Resource management for eco-friendly crop production” at CSAU&T, Kanpur,India from 26 to 28 Feb 2003.

Singh Y.P., S. K. Jha, Arvind Kumar and S.S.Bhadauria (2002) Management of termite(Odontotermus obesus) in wheat under on-farm conditions. Abstracts. National seminaron “Resource management in plant protectionduring 21st Century”. PPAI, Hyderabad.Nov.14-15

Singh Y.V., K.S.Rao and B.N.Singh, 2002. Varshasritupari bhoomi me mruda gunavatta bhadanekeliye dhan evam arhar ke anta kethi (hindi).In: abstr. National Seminar on Varsha Adaritkrishi kshetra me bhumi vikruthikaranniyantran held at CRIDA, Hyderabad during5-7 March 2002.

Singh, Maharaj, R.N.Dwivedi, P.Sharma and SadhnaPandey (2003) Tree species and their commonuses in different IVLP villages of Bundelkhand.

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National symposium on Agroforestry andsustainable production and silver jubilee ofagroforestry intitative in India, November7-9, 2002. Organised by – Agroforestry societyof India at IGFRI, Jhansi.

Singh, Maharaj., B.S.Meena, R.N.Dwivedi, SadhnaPandey and P.Sharma (2003) Farmers preferencefor different crops in IVLP villages ofBundelkhand.1s1 National ExtensionEducation Congress, September12- 14,2003.Organised by Society of Extension Education,Agra.P:11

Singh, Maharaj., Purushottam Sharma,R.N.Dwivedi, and J. P. Upadhyay (2002)Preference Farmers for animal productionand their feeding patterns in IVLP villages.151 National symposium on grassland andfodder research in the !new millennium,October,30-November l’ 2002. Organisedby Range management society of India atIGFRI, Jhansi. P:194-195

Subba Reddy, G., Mishra, A.K., and Singh, H.P.,2002. Phasal pasudhan samakalan dwara ardhsushk chetron ki vikrit bhoomiyon kaprabhandan. In: Varsha Aadharit Krishi ChetroMein Bhoomi Vikritikaran Ki Samasyain avamSamadhan. H.P.Singh, S.K. Yadav, K.L. Sharmaand A.K. Mishra (Eds) CRIDA, Hyderabad,India, pp 156-165.

Subba Reddy, G., Sree Rekha, M., Reddy, BMK.and Sailaja, K. , 2003. Improvement inproductivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)and Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) system throughon - farm research in the Extended summariesvol.2: presented in 2nd International Agronomy

Congress held November 26-30, 2002 at our“ Balancing of food and environmental security-A continuing challenge “ at New Delhi.

Taunk, S.K. and Khan, M.A. (2002) “Impact ofIVLP on small farmers diversification in IVLPvillages” research paper presented inInternational farming system associationsymposium in USA-Florida state OrlandoCity (Captial) in 17th to 21st, Nov.2002.

Popular articles

Misra, A.K.; Singh H.P. and Yadav , S.R. 2002Krishi vanilki padhati banam badhta pasudhan.Kheti 55, 3: 9-12 (June 2002)

Technical bulletins/Literature/ Folders

IIHR, Technical Bulletin No.-18: IVLP - A NewConcept in Better Technology Adoption. ByM. Edward Raja, P.N. Krishna Moorthy, S.Prabhukumar and M.J. Chandragowda. IIHR,Bangalore

CIAE-KVK, Technical Bulletin No.-293Achievements under NATP-PSR mode onTAR-IVLP under Vindhya Plateau at CIAE,Bhopal. By P M Nimje and K M Sahay, 2003

KVK Extension bulletin on Goat farming for selfemployment by N.C.Behura and P.K.Dehri.

KVK Extension bulletin on Sheep rearing for selfemployment by N.C.Behura and P.K.Dehri.

KVK Extension bulletin on Mushromm cultivationby P.Acharya and M.S.Swain.

S.C.Bora : Sumthira tenga khetit Moran MotokSampradayor bhumika (Sanduk, Feb, 2003pp 11-13)


73

S.C.Bora : Unnat padhatire sumthira tenga kheti(Souvenir, Dehing Patkai Festival, 2003.

S.C.Bora and A.C.Barbora : Tinsukia and Dibrugarhjillat Sumthira khetir bhumika (Souvenir, JAEO,All Assam Conference held at Tinsukia, 2003)

Budihal, R.A. and Yargattikar, A.T., 2002 “ TAR-IVLP – Achievements so far – Technical Bulletinpub. By UAS, Dharwad.

Telecast/broadcast by TV/Radio

Integrated Nutrient Management on Bananathrough foliar nutrition by Mr. Masthiappawas telecast on 3rd & 4th January,2003 andExperiences on INM in Potato on 5th January,2003 by ETV under Annadata programme.

Field day Proceedings on 21st December, 2002was telecast on 6th January, 2003 by ETVunder Annadata programme.

Foliar nutrition: A farmers experience – wastelecast by Bangalore Doordarshan on 21-2-2003.

Mushroom cultivation by Mrs.Minati Swain wasbroadcasted on 24.09.2002 by AIR, Jeypore.

Honey bee cultivation for self employment byMrs.P.Acharya was broadcasted on 15.02.2003by AIR, Jeypore.

Seed treatment and sowing techniques of kharifgroundnut by Dr.L.Dixit telecasted on23.06.2002 by ETV, Oriya.

Use of gypsum in groundnut by Dr.L.Dixittelecasted on 24.09.2002 by ETV, Oriya.

Tomato seed extraction by Dr.C.R.Mohantytelecasted on 25.06.2002 by ETV, Oriya.

Vegetative propagation of marigold byDr.C.R.Mohanty telecasted on 26.06.2002by ETV, Oriya.

Propagation and cultivation of pomegranate byDr.C.R.Mohanty telecasted on 03.08.2002by ETV, Oriya.

Seed treatment and planting of kharif potato byDr.C.R.Mohanty telecasted on 04.08.2002by ETV, Oriya.

Care of guava plantation during kharif byDr.C.R.Mohanty telecasted on 05.08.2002by ETV, Oriya.

Use of biofertilizer in cereals bySri.A.K.B.Mohapatra telecasted on 26.06.2002by ETV, Oriya.

Mushroom cultivation by Smt.P.Acharya telecastedon 26.06.2002 by ETV, Oriya.

Mushroom cultivation by Smt.M.Swain telecastedon 27.06.2002 by ETV, Oriya.

Kitchen garden for better living by Smt.M.Swaintelecasted on 05.08.2002 by ETV, Oriya.

Italian honey bee cultivation by Sri.M.K.Bariktelecasted on 05.08.2002 by ETV, Oriya.

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Annexure-I

Details of training programmes conducted bydifferent centers under TAR-IVLP

S. Title No. of Days Partici-No training pants

Progms.

Rainfed Rice based production system

BAU, Ranchi1. Exploring possibilities of increasing summer rice yield through improved 1 2 30

seed and balanced nutrients

2. Increasing productivity of upland rice through suitable variety 1 2 30(Birsa gora/improved Brown gora) and line seedling

3. Exploring possibilities of double cropping in low land 1 1 20

4. Increasing system productivity through rice (IR 36/Birsa Dhan 202) – 1 1 50Pea (Swrna Rekha) cropping sequences

5. Increasing productivity of Kulthi (Horsegram) through improved seed 1 1 30and balanced nutrients

6. Increasing productivity of upland (Tanr II) rice through improved variety 1 2 20(Kalinga-III, Vandana and CR 306-37-13)

7. Production of disease free healthy seedling of vegetables 1 1 10

8. Testing performance of marigold variety (Lemon Drop and Orange Drop) 1 1 10

9. Management of wilt in brinjal through wilt resistant variety in rainy season 1 1 20

10. Assessment of sweet potato variety (Shree Bhadra, 76-OP-21 and S-30-21) 1 2 10

11. Management of wilt in rainy season tomato through wilt resistant variety 1 1 20(Arka Alok and Arka Abhan)

12. Production of disease free healthy seedling of vegetables 1 1 10

13. Increasing keeping quality of stored grains through improved bins and 1 2 10use of indigenous additives

14. Increasing system productivity through pigeonpea + rice intercropping 1 2 30

15. Increasing productivity of ragi through use of improved seed (A 404) and 1 1 50balanced nutrients (50:30:20 kg NPK/ha)

16. Increasing system productivity of niger through improved seed and 1 1 50balanced nutrients

17. Increasing productivity of wheat through use of improved seed and 1 2 100balanced nutrients under late sown condition

18. Testing performance of wheat + gram intercropping system 1 2 50

19. Increasing productivity of colocasia through use of improved variety 1 1 20(Kadma local / Virbhum) and balanced dose of nutrients

20. Increasing productivity of rainy season potato through use of improved 1 2 20seed tubers (K.Chandramukhy and K.Kuber)

21. Assessment of improved chicks for increasing profitability in poultry enterprise 1 2 50

22. Evaluation of improved kids of Black Bengal X Beetal breed 1 1 20

23. Assessment of piglets of TxD breed 1 1 20


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Progms.

24. Mineral and vitamins supplementation in feeding of milch cow 1 2 30for increasing milk yield

25. Evaluation of improved apiary practices 1 2 50

26. Assessment of duck/fish/culture in village ponds 1 2 19

27. Evaluation of farm implements (Dutch hoe, Dryland weeder, Grubber and 1 2 50Naveen sickle) for assessing effects on efficiency and drudgery of farmwomen and increasing productivity (in comparison to theircorresponding indigenous implements/ practices)

28. Preparation and use of vermin compost in cauliflower / marigold 1 1 20

29. Pleurotus species of mushroom production technology in village situation 1 2 60

30. Testing improved practices of fruit and vegetables preservation 1 2 60

31. Conservation of natural resources like soil and water on watershed basis 1 1 25

Total 31 994

KVK, Hassan1. Improved cultivation practices in potato 1 1 67

2. Selection of varieties and fertilizer management in maize 1 1 58

3. Improved method of compost making and vermicompost making 1 1 48

4. Profitable inter crops in ragi and plant protection measures in maize 1 1 55

5. Selection of crops in the tankfed area and suitable crops 1 1 48after harvest of potato

6. Integrated weed and nutrient management in Arecanut 1 1 32

7. Pest and disease management in cowpea and redgram 1 1 65

8. Training programme on animal health camp and vaccination 1 1 82

9. Training programme on scientific grain storage methods and value addition 1 1 51

10. Watershed management 1 1 78

Total 10 584

IGKV, Raipur1. Seed selection and seed treatment of paddy 1 1 20

2. Selection of suitable paddy varieties based on different soil type/ need based 1 1 23

3. Improved sowing methods of paddy cultivation 1 1 23

4. Use of balanced fertilizers in paddy cultivation 1 1 25

5. Identification and economic management of major insect pests of paddy 1 1 23

6. Role and use of micronutrients in paddy cultivation 1 1 20

7. Training to the farmers for weedicides application in paddy fields 1 1 24

8. Use and application of BGA and PSB cultures 1 1 50

9. Maintenance and use of plant protection equipment like dusters and sprayers 1 1 48

10. Cultivation of fruits and vegetables 1 1 22

11. Role and use of mineral vitamin mixture in cattle 1 1 22

12. Production technology of paddy straw mushroom 1 1 25

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Progms.

Rabi season

13. Suitable implements for field preparation of rabi crops under 1 1 21varying soil moisture conditions

14. Field preparation for rabi crop under rice based cropping system 1 1 24

15. Training for seed treatment for rabi crops 1 1 22

16. Maximization of fertilizer use efficiency for rabi crops 1 1 24

17. Integrated management of gram podborer 1 1 24

18. Production technology of oyster mushroom 1 1 25

19. Training programme on preparation of mother span 1 1 24

20. Vegetables and fruit preservatin 1 1 22

Total 21 186

CRRI, Cuttack1. Farmers cum scientist interaction meeting 1 1 100

2. Foundation day 1 1 30

3. Farmers cum scientist interaction 1 1 100

4. Field trip to kissan mela organized by KVK, Santpur and 1 1 150Dhan Divas organized by CRRI

5. Kissan samman week 1 3 90

6. Meeting with IRRI scientist to the merits and demerits of the 1 1 50adoption of rice+arhar intercropping

7. Farmers cum scientist interaction meeting 1 1 100

Total 7 620

OUAT, Koraput1. Integrated nutrient management in cereals 2 2 40

2. Nursery raising and transplanting of paddy (2 phases) 1 5 20

3. Planting methods of ginger and turmeric 2 2 40

4. Vegataive methods of plant propagation 1 7 10

5. Entrepreneurship development 1 3 15

6. Agroforestry model for sloppy land 1 2 20

7. Feeding management of buffalo heifers 1 2 20

8. Care and management of pregnant ewe and doe 1 2 20

9. Nutritional gardening 1 6 20

10. Use of rock phosphate in acid soil 2 1 40

11. Use of biofertilizer in different crops 2 1 50

12. Sowing method of wheat 1 1 20

13. Post harvest technique in ginger and turmeric 2 2 40

14. Vegatable seed production techniques 1 7 10

15. Cultivation of short duration fruit crops 1 5 20

16. Control of fruit rot and wilt in tomato 1 2 20


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Progms.

17. Italian honey bee cultivation 1 5 20

18. Use of improved tillage implements for upland crops 1 2 20

19. Post harvest technology for cereals 2 2 40

20. Dairy farming for self employment 1 10 10

21. Commercial broiler farming 1 15 10

22. Improved management practices for backyard poultry 1 3 20

23. Use of simple garden tools for reducing drudgery of farm women 1 2 20

24. Oyster mushroom cultivation 3 phases 1 6 20

25. Preparation and preservation of value added product from surplus vegetables 1 3 20

Total 31 585

AAU, Nagaon1. Maintenance of Farm Machinery 1 1 48

2. Management of rain water 1 1 25

3. Post Harvest Processing of Fruits and Vegetables 1 1 110

4. Cultivation of Edible Mushroom 1 1 65

5. Rice Fish culture 1 1 68

6. Method of preparation of spray solution, spraying, handling and 1 1 35storage of agricultural chemicals

7. Cultivation of Wheat After Sali Rice Through Zero Tillage Implements 1 1 16

Total 7 367

Oilseeds based production system

NRCG, Junagadh1. Training of farm women on preparation and preservation of 1 6 50

fruit and vegetable products

2. Water Management in Groundnut based Cropping Systems 1 1 50

Total 2 100

CIAE, Bhopal1. Operation care and maintenance of spraying equipment 1 2 15

2. Integrated nutrient management 1 2 54

3. Integrated pest management 2 2 81

4. Organic farming techniques 1 1 30

5. Improved weeding tools 1 1 46

6. Pest control in kharif crops 1 1 30

7. Control of cautagious diseases in animal 1 1 25

8. Post-harvest technology of rabi pulses 1 2 20

9. IPM in pigeonpea 1 2 16

10. Improved cultivation technology of rabi pulses 1 2 32

11. IPM in chickpea 1 2 33

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Progms.

12. Nursery raising techniques of vegetables 1 2 15

13. IPM in pulses 1 2 28

14. Irrigation practices in wheat 1 11 16

15. Pest control in rabi crops 1 2 22

16. IPM in rabi pulses 1 2 27

17. Increasing irrigation efficiency in rabi crops 1 2 22

Total 18 512

NRCS, Indore1. Weed management in soybean 1 20

2. Management of girdle beetle in soybean 1 20

3. Integrated plant nutrient management in soybean 1 30

4. Improves seed production in soybean 1 25

5. Post harvest value addition of soybean 1 25

6. Use of agricultural implements in intercultural operations of soybean 1 20

7. Management of ecto and endoparasites in cattle 1 62

8. Method of Vermicompost preparation 1 20

Total 8 222

JNKV, JabalpurSoybean cultivation1. Techniques for soil sample collection 1 2 20

2. Transfer of skills for germination test and seed treatment to 1 1 20maintain desired plant population

3. Integrated nutrient management techniques for improving the soil fertility 1 1 20

4. Weed management in soybean 1 1 20

5. Management of stem fly in soybean 1 1 20

Arhar cultivation1. Transfer of skills for germination test and seed treatment in arhar to 1 1 20

maintain desired plant population

2. Pod borer management in arhar 1 1 20

Gram cultivation1. Transfer of skills for seed treatment in gram to maintain 1 1 20

desired plant population

2. Integrated nutrient management techniques in gram for improving 1 1 20the soil fertility of Bhatua soil

3. Integrated pod borer management techniques 1 1 20

Lentil cultivation1. Transfer of skill for germination test and seed treatment in lentil to 1 1 20

maintain desired plant population

2. Integrated nutrient management for improving the soil fertility 1 1 20

3. Lentil rust management 1 1 20


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Progms.

Wheat cultivation1. Integrated nutrient management techniques for improving the soil fertility 1 1 20

2. Weed management in wheat 1 1 20

3. Rust and smut management in wheat 1 1 20

4. Termite management in Bhatua soil 1 1 20

Pea cultivation1. Management of powdery mildew in pea 1 1 20

Moong/urd1. Management of whitefly in moong/urd to control yellow mosaic 1 1 20

2. Integrated nutrient management in summer pulses to improve the soil fertility 1 1 20

3. Stored grain pest management Safe storage of Kharif food grains 1 1 20

4. Natural resource management 2 20

Livestock management1. Importance of deworming in milch animals and its schedule 1 1 20

for improving their health

2. Skill transfer in the preparation of enriched straw through urea treatment 1 1 20

3. Familiarization of symptoms of FMD disease and vaccination schedule 1 2 20

4. Integrated approach for nutrient management in milch animals 1 2 20

Total 25 580

Cotton based production system

PDKV, Akoala1. Poultry keeping 1 20

2. IPM and IDM 1 60

3. Soil and moisture conservation 1 20

4. Dryland fruit crops 1 24

5. Mushroom cultivation 1 25

6. Vermicomposting 1 26

7. Organic farming 1 25

8. Floriculture 1 17

Total 8 217

ANGRAU, Warangal1. Cotton production technology 1 1 110

2. Back yard poultry rearing 1 1 65

3. INM in cotton, rice and maize 1 1 85

4. Role and use of micronutrients in chillies 1 1 60

5. Vaccination of livestock and poultry 1 1 250

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Progms.

6. Intercropping and disease management in turmeric 1 1 60

7. IPM in cotton, importance of seed treatment in groundnut and chillies 1 1 65

8. Safety measures in use of sprayers and spraying technologies 1 1 60

Total 8 755

KVK, Ajmer1. Use and preparation of vitamin mineral mixture in enhancing 1 3 30

reproductive efficiency

2. Improved cotton technologies 1 3 41

3. Improvement in quality of dry roughages through urea-gur 1 3 29mineral mixture treatment

4. Improved bajra production technologies 1 3 52

5. Improved maize production technologies 1 3 30

6. Scientific nursery raising of tomato 1 3 24

7. Improved groundnut production technology 1 3 30

8. Integrated pest management in cotton 1 3 30

9. Integrated pest and disease management in early cauliflower 1 3 30

10. Integrated pest management practices in cotton and chillies 1 3 31

11. Prevention and control of infectuous diseases in animals 1 1 25

Total 11 352

CICR, Nagpur1. IPM in cotton 1 1 50

2. Preparation of ridges and furrows in cotton 1 1 20

3. Preparation of Vermicompost unit 1 1 50

4. Bahar treatment in citrus 1 1 50

5. Training on rose cultivation 1 1 20

Total 5 190

Nutritious Cereal based production system

IIHR, Balgalore1. Disease management in Banana 1 1 45

2. Fresh water fish production in earthen water storage structures 1 1 55

3. Ornamental fish breeding for farm women and unemployed youth 1 1 75

4. Scientific nursery techniques in vegetables 1 1 75

5. Recent advances in vegetable production technology 1 1 30

Total 5 280

MPKV, Solapur1. Pre kharif training for different technological modules to be implemented 1 2 120

2. Pre rabi training for different module/technological to be implemented 1 2 145


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Progms.

3. Demonstration for enrichment of coarse fodder training 1 2 85during lean month period

4. Training for use of hand hoes and cob sheller under gender issue 1 2 705. Training for use of sprayers and dusters under gender issue 1 2 706. Training for formation of microcatchments, compartments, ridges and 1 2 72

furrows for in situ rain water conservation7. Training on IPM technologies in pigeonpea, sunflower 1 2 80

Total 7 642

UAS, Dharwad1. Integrated farming system 3 1 402. Integrated pests and disease management in Hy.cotton 1 1 203. Establishment of horticultural fruit crops in marginal and eroded soil 1 1 104. Use of antihelmintic drug for control of endo parasites in buffalo calves 1 1 105. Income generating activities for self help groups 1 1 206. Minor millet and Hy.cotton based cropping system 1 1 207. In situ method of grafting on mango 4 3 408. Establishment of range forage on bunds for forage production 1 1 109. Values addition to the agricultural production 1 1 25

viz., maize, minor millet, soybean10. Entrepreneurship activities for women through SHGs 1 1 3011. Nutritional feed for women and children 1 1 2512. Diet for diabetes 2 2 6013. Use of diabetic mix for diabetic patients 1 1 2014. Self employment opportunities for farm women in correspondence 1 1 20

to market demand15. Treating Hy.cotton seeds by imidoclopid against sucking pests 1 1 3016. Use of neem seed kernal extract in Hy. cotton to control boll worms 1 1 2017. Trichoderma seed treatment in soybean 1 1 3018. Use of groundnut decorticator 1 1 2519. Use of gyplicator 1 1 3020. Use of seed cum fertilizer drill 1 1 30

Total 26 515

MPUA&T, Udaipur1. Training on animal production 1 2 152. Production of maize, sorghum and other khaif crops 1 2 253. Production of groundnut and other khrif crops 1 2 294. Orientation training of IVLP 1 1 225. Package of groundnut and other kharif crops 1 2 136. Package of practices of rabi crops 1 2 267. Reduction of drudgery of women at home level 1 2 22

Total 7 152

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Progms.

NBSS&LUP, Nagpur1. Plant propagation techniques 1 1 52

2. Vermicomposting and bio-pesticide preparation 1 3 12

3. Honey bee production 1 2 25

4. Sericulture 1 1 45

5. Cotton seed production 1 1 50

6. Alternate crops/land use 1 1 50

Total 6 234

Pulses based production system

IIPR, Kanpur1. Seed and fertilizer management in kharif urdbean 1 1 36

2. Control of foot and mouth disease in farm animals 1 1 48

3. Method of weed control in kharif (pigeonpea) 1 1 23

4. Transplanting techniques of aonia plants 1 1 28

5. Seed and fertilizer management in chickpea and lentil under rainfed situation 1 1 42

6. Thinning of mustard for maintaining optimum plant population 1 1 56

7. Roughing of wheat for quality seed prodution 1 1 24

8. Integrated pest management in chickpea and pigeonpea 1 2 38

Total 8 295


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Annexure-II

List of success stories documented underTAR-IVLP in Rainfed Agro Ecosystem

Production System Title of the interventionand centre

Rainfed rice basedBAU, Ranchi Double yield of Ragi

Double cropping in monocropped rainfed rice areas of Jharkhand plateauMarigold Cultivation: Blooming BoomLac culture : a boon for tribal farmers of JharkhandMushroom production : a gainful employment for farm womenCrossbred goat rearing boosts poor farmers economyBoosting Farmers’ Economy Through Improved Pig RearingEconomic upliftment of rural women through income generating activities

KVK, Hassan Increased productivity of ragi (fingermillet) under rainfed conditionIncreased productivity of rice under tank fed irrigationIncreased productivity of maize under rainfed situationIntegrated disease management for high yields of potato

CRRI, Cuttack Refinement Of Production Technologies In Rainfed Rice

OUAT, Koraput Sheep upgradation – a new avenue of income generation for tribals of Koraput

Vanaraja poultry bird in back yard – a boon for tribal farmers of Koraput district

AAU, Nagaon Integrated Nutrient Management in Sali rice (winter rice)Sali rice variety for timely sowing of rabi cropsPlasticulture for raising vegetable seedlingsImproved management technology of piscicultureIntroduction of apiary unit (bee colony)

IGAU, Raipur Mushroom production for income generation

Oilseeds basedNRCG, Junagadh Profitability of groundnut + pigeonpea intercropping system

Benefits of deep tillage in rainfed groundnutManagement of collar rot and stem rot in groundnutManagement of yellowing in groundnutImproved management practices on productivity of wheat

CIAE, Bhopal Management of pod borer in chickpea through intercropping with mustardUse of power cleaner-cum-grader as post harvest technologyIntercropping of turmeric in mango orchardHybrid tomato for higher profitabilityUse of groundnut decorticator for cost reductionMarigold as alternate crop for soybean

NRCS, Indore Participatory Seed village programme in soybeanRainwater management in rainfed vertisols

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Cotton basedANGRAU, Warangal Improved cotton variety for higher yields

Maize + fieldbean system for high profitability with cotton

Management of pink bollworm through cotton–sesamum crop sequence

Improved poultry breeds for better economic returns in backyards

Agri-sheep farming system in marginal agricultural lands

CICR, Nagpur Optimal plant density for higher pay offs in cotton

Marigold in citrus based inter-cropping system

Osmanabadi goat for bringing cheers in rainfed farmers

Bt Cotton brings the smile

Insecticide resistance management : environment friendly way

Nutritious cereal basedCRIDA, Hyderabad Pitcher irrigation for establishment of tamarind in rainfed Alfisols

Farmer- led nursery and crop diversification

Concept of seed village (castor) in IVLP villages of Rangareddy District

Rain drops for wealth drops

Curryleaf production under limited irrigation

IIHR, Bangalore Tank silt application for increasing ragi yield in rainfed Alfisols

Hyderabad-3c pigeonpea - a boon to cash starved farmers

Drumstick as an alternate crop under crop diversification in dryland

Reintroduction of brinjal in vegetable based cropping system

Soap from non-edible oil as a botanical for increasing marketable yield of cabbage

More ratoons and better land utilization for higher income in banana based cropping systems

Foliar nutrition to establish banana as an alternate crop in resource poor situation

KKV, Vengurle Profitability of hybrid rice in Konkan region of Maharashtra

Sustaining mango yield by paclobutrazol and blossom protection

New high yielding groundnut varieties to boost yield

New genotype of chilli given bumper yield in IVLP Village

Coppice grafting for bumper yield of cashewnut

MPKV, Solapur In-situ rainwater conservation on bumper ber harvest

Rainwater conservation leads to wealth generation

Improvement in local goatherd through Osmanabadi buck

UAS, Dharwad Integrated pest management in cotton

Impact of introduction of new variety of littlemillet

In-situ method of grafting – a cost effective and sustainable technology for successfulestablishment of mango orchards in rainfed, marginal/eroded soils

Poshak – Food for Infants

Signal Grass on Bunds for Low Cost Forage Production

Pigeonpea as an intercrop in littlemillet


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NBSS &LUP, Nagpur Transfer of sorghum production technology

Cotton variety LRK-516 for rainfed shallow to medium deep Vertisols

Integrated nutrient management in cotton hybrid (NHH-44)

Transfer of soybean production technology

Improved fodder maize and sorghum - A boon to dairy farming

Vermicomposting - for sustainability of family income and productivity of orchards

IGFRI, Jhansi Performance of improved sorghum variety in Bundelkhand region

Better results in limited irrigation in wheat

Chickpea is a rich source of protien for rainfed farmers of Bundelkhand

Multipurpose crop - Barley

Response of mineral mixture supplementation in lactating cows/buffaloes

MPUAT, Udaipur Vermicomposting – A Boon For Farmers

Benefits of improved varieties of onion

Ball bearing churner - a boon to farm women

Pulses basedIIPR, Kanpur Pulse Seed Village

Intercropping for achieving higher profit

Management of pod borer in pulses through neem based products

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Annexure-III

Addresses of the PI and Nodal Officers of IVLP centersunder Rainfed Agro-Ecosystem

Rainfed Rice based production system

Center Name of the targeted Nodal Core team Address ofvillage where the officer members IVLP centreprogramme isimplemented

BAU, Ranchi Rajaulatu : Dr.A.K.Sankar Dr.R.P.Singh”Ratan’ Head, Dept ofRampur, Directorate of Research Dr.R.K.Bhagat Agril.ExtensionSinjusererng, Birsa Agriculture Dr.B.M.Choudhary Birsa AgricultureTutihara, Chene, University, Kanke, Dr.R.N.Singh University, Kanke,Sogod, Ranchi-834 006, Dr.(Ms.)Niva Bara Ranchi-834 006Jamchua : Jharkhand Dr.S.Choubey (Jharkanad)Jareya, Saraitoli Dr.B.K.Bhagat Ph: 0651-55080

Fax: 455850bau@bitsmart

KVK, Hassan Doddaganganavadi The Director of Dr.D.Hanumaiah Training Organizer (KVK),Chikkaganganavadi Extension Education Dr.V.Veerabhadraiah Krisi vigyan Kandali;

University of Mr.Dodahanumaiah Hassan-573 217Agricultural Sciences Mr.Y.N.Lakshmi- (Karanataka)Hebbal, narayana Murthy Ph:08172-56092Bangalore-560 024 Dr.M.H.Nagesh Fax:080-330277

Smt.K.V JamunaMr.Siddagangaiah

IGAU, Raipur Chatoud Director of Research, Dr.P.M.Sharma Directorate of ExtensionTarra Indira Gandhi Agri. Prof.M.K.Vyas Education, Indira Gandhi

University, Dr.S.K.Shrivastava Agricultural University,Raipur-492 012 Shri H.K.Awasthi Raipur 492 102(Chhattisgarh) (Chhattisgarh)

Ph:0771-427694Fax:424532

CRRI, Cuttack Berema The Director, Central Dr.K.Srinivasa Rao Principal ScientistMangrajpur Rice Research Institute Central Rice ResearchKuchalanaugam Cuttack-753 006 Institute, Cuttack (Orrisa)Pramachandrapur and (Orissa) 0771-427694Pagunath prasad Fax-424532

OUAT, Koraput Semiliguda, Koraput Director of Research Dr.L.Dixit Training Organizer,Orissa University of DR.C.R. Mohanthy Krishi Vigan Kendra,Agricultural and Dr.N.C Beura Semiliguda,Technology Shri A.K.B.Mohapatra PO Box No:10,Bhubaneshwar-751033 Mrs.P.Acharya Sunabeda(Orrisa) Mrs.M.Swain Koraput-763002 (Orissa)

Ph:0674-407780AAU, Assam Koliabor : Dr.A.K.Pathak Dr.B.Barman (PI) Prof. & Chief Scientist,

Bhomoroguri Director of Dr.R.Bhagawati, P.O.Box No:33,Naltoli Research(Agri) Dr.B. Guha, RARS, Assam AgricultureJangoni Nodal Officer Dr.K.K.Sarma, University, Shillongani,Santipur (IVLP-TAR) Dr.M.C.Debnath Nagaon-782001Jamkhola Assam Agriculture (Assam)Deouri-Chilbandha University Ph:03672-22461Na-pubtharia, Jorhat-785 013 Fax:03672-22861Katia Jengavi (Assam)


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NRCG, Junagadh Zanjarda The Director, Dr.M.P.Ghewande Sr.ScientistVadhavi National Research (Plant Pathology)Umatwada Centre for Groundnut, National Research CenterNadarkhi P.O.Box 5, Ivnagar for Groundnut,

Junagadh-362 001 P.O.Box.5, IVNAGAR,(Gujarat) Junagadh-362 001

(Gujarat)Ph: 0285-623041Fax:[email protected]

CIAE, Bhopal Mugaliahat The Director, Dr.P.M.Nimie Sr.Scientist &I/c KVK,Central Institute of Shri K.M.Sahay Central Institute ofAgriculture Engg., Shri Bhandakar Agricultural EngineeringNabi Bagh, Shri A.K.Dubey Nabi bagh, Berasia Road,Berasia Road Dr.Nirmal Kumar Bhopal 462 038Bhopal 462 038 Shri S.Z.Siddiqui (Madya Pradesh)

Ph: 0755-530980Fax:[email protected]

NRCRM, Khanwa The Director, Dr.S.K.Jha(PI), Scientist &I/c ECT,Bharatpur Panchayat National Research Dr.Fateh Singh, National Research Centre

Centre for Soybean, Dr.Y.P.Singh, on Rape seed andKhandwa Road, Dr.N.S.Bhogal, Mustard, SewarIndore 452 017 Dr.A.K.Singh, Bharatpur 321 303

Dr.Manoj Kumar, (Rajasthan)Dr.O.P.Premi Ph:05644-24688

Fax:470520, 764928

NRCS, Indore Bhagora The Director, Dr.S.S.Vinayagam National ResearchNational Research Dr.B.U.Dupare Centre for SoybeanCentre for Soybean, Dr.S.D.Billore Khandwa Road,Khandwa Road, Dr.A.N.Sharma Indore 452 017,Indore 452 017 Dr.A.Ramesh (Madya Pradesh)

Dr.R.Ramteke Ph:0731362835,364879Fax:470520,764928

JNKVV, Jabalpur Dhamna The Directorate of Dr.D.K.Pahalwan Sr. Scientist (Sr.Grade),Supla Extension Education Agronomy Directorate ofMalahpiparia Jawaharlal Nehru Extension, Jawaharlal

Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Nehru Krishi ViswaKrishinagar, Adhartal, Vidyalaya, Krishnagar,Jabalpur-482 004 Adhartal

Jabalpur 482 004(Madhya Pradesh)Ph:0761-343606,340361, Fax:342719

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PDKV, Akola Gorwha The Director of Dr B.P Gomase Dr.Panjabrao DeshmukhExtension Education, Dr.R.N.Dhore Krishi Vidlyapeeth,Directorate of Shri S.M.Thakre Krishinagar,Extension Education, Shri S.V.Deshmukh Akola-444 104Dr.Panjabrao Shri S.k.Thakare MaharashtraDeshmukh Krishi Shri S.G.Bharad Ph: 0724-58587, 58200Vidyapeeth, Fax: 58219Krishinagar [email protected] 104(Maharshtra)

ANGRAU, Vishwanathapuram Directorate of Dr.J.Jalapathi Rao Head, Agri.ResearchWarangal Kommala Extension Education Dr.P.Satynarayana Station, ANGRAU,

Acharya N.G.Ranga Reddy Warangal-506 007Agricultural University, Dr.M.Gopinath, (Andhra Pradesh)Rajendranagar, Sri K.V.Radhakrishna Ph:08712,424337Hyderabad 500 030 Fax:040-4015326

[email protected]

KVK, Ajmer Saradhana and The Director of Prof.Dr.G.N.Mathur Chief Scientist cum Head,mayapur Extension Education Sh.K.S.Rathore KVK,Tabji Farm, N.H.*

Rajasthan Agriculture Sh.S.K.Sharma Ajmer-305 001University Sh.P.Choudhary (Rajasthan)Bikaner-334 006 Dr.M.KSharma Ph:0151-440023(o),(Rajasthan) 431890

Fax:[email protected]

CICR, Nagpur Telgaon The Director, Dr.Hemachandra Head, Extension, CentralTisti Central Institute of Gajbhaiye Institute for Cotton

Cotton Research, Shri M.K.Meshram Research, P.B.No 2P.Box 2, Dr.A.R.Raju Shankaranagar PO,Shankarnagar PO Dr.Ramasundaram Nagapur- 440 010Nagpur 440 010; Dr.G.Majumdar Ph:0712-532386,Maharastra Shri.A.S.Tayade 534545, Fax:527813

Shri Gulbir SinghDr.U.Vgalkate

Nutritious Cereals based Production System


CRIDA, Nallavalli Dr.K.V.Subramanyam Dr.G.Subba Reddy Central Research InstituteHyderabad Nazdeeksingaram Central Research Dr.B.M.K. Reddy for Dryland Agriculture

Institute of Dryland Dr.A.K.Mishra Santoshnagar,Agriculture, Dr.Sreenath Dixit Hyderabad-500 059Santoshnagar Smt.A.Sammbrajyam Ph:040-4530161Hyderabad-500 059 [email protected]


89


IIHR, Bangalore Jesthur The Director Dr.M.Edward Raja Sr.ScientistNeralaghatta Indian Institute of Dr.D.Srinivasa Murthy Indian Institute of

Research Dr.T.S.Aghora Horticultural ResearchHessarghatta Dr.M.Balakrishna Hessarghatta Lake post,lake post, Bangalore-560 089Bangalore 560 089 Ph:080-5466420

Fax:[email protected]

IIHR, Dapoli Vengrule, Hodawade Director of Research Dr.B.P.Patil Regional Fruit ResearchKonkan Krishi Dr.A.A.Rane Station, Vengurle,Viswavidyalaya, Dr.S.R.Bhole Sindhudurg,Dapoli, Dr.L.Pawar (Maharastra)-416 516Ratnagiri-415 712, Prof.P.M.Haldankar [email protected]

MPKV, Solapur Darphal Director of Research Dr.D.J.Naikawadi Zonal AgriculturalWadala Mahatma Phule Dr.G.Y.Parlekar Research Station, 97

Krishi Vidyapeeth, Prof.R.Nkate Raviwar peth.P.B.No:207P.B.No11; Prof.B.B.Khutal Solapur-413 002Rahuri-413 722 (Maharastra)Ahmednagar Ph:02426-43261Dist(Maharashtra) Fax:43223

[email protected]

UAS, Dharwad Madabhavi The Director of Dr.S.A.Patil Honable’ VC, UniversityHosastti Extension Education, of Agricultural SciencesMugali University of (UAS), Krishinagar,

Agriculture Science, Dharwad 58 0 005Krishinagar, (Karanataka)Dharwad-580 005 [email protected]

[email protected]

IGFRI, Jhansi Algi, The Director, Indian R.N Dwivedi Sr.Scientist (Agronomy)Sanora and Grassland and Maharaj Singh Head, Division of SoilSarera Fodder Research M.B.Tamankar Science, Indian

Institute(IGFRI), Purushottam Sharma Grassland and FodderGwalior Road Isabella Agarwal Research Institute,Jhansi, 284 003; Sadhan Pandey Gwalior Road,Uttar Pradesh B.S.Meena Jhansi 284 003

J.P. Upandhyay (Uttar Pradesh)Ph:0517-444771Fax:[email protected]

MPAU, Udaipur Morjhat The Director of Shri S.C.Palwal Deputy DirectorKikawas extension education Sh.M.L.Shrimal Directorate of ExtensionNetawala Directorate of Education, Agricultural

Extension Education University, Udaipur,Agriculture University, P.B.No:4, OutsideUdaipur, P.B.No:41; Surajpole,Outside Surajpole, Udaipur 313 001Udaipur 313 001 (Rajasthan)

Ph:0294-417697Fax:0294-412515

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NBSSLUP, Nagpur Kokarda The Director National Dr.K.S.Gajbhiye National Bureau ofKanyodol Bureau of Soil Survey Dr.D.B. Tamgadge Soil Survey and Land

and Land Use Dr.J.P.Sharma Use Planning,Planning, ShW.V.Bankar Shankarnagar PO,Shankarnagar PO, Dr.S.N.Goswami Amaravati Road,Amravathi Road, Dr.T.N.Hajare Nagpur 440 010Nagpur 440010; Sh.P.Tiwari (Maharashtra)Maharshtra Ph:0712-534545,

543678Fax:0712-527813



IIPR, Kanpur Vidokhar The Director, Indian Dr.S.K.Singh Sr.Scientist (Agril.Institute of Pulse Dr.C.P.Yadav Extension), IndianResearch Dr.R.G.Chowdhary Institute of PulseKanpur 208 024; Dr.K.K.Singh Research, KalyanpurUttar Pradesh Mr.R.Roy Burman Kanpur 208 024

Dr.G.S.Gaur Ph: 0512-510146,Dr.P.K.Upadhaya 570464

Fax:0512-572582


91

Annexure-IV

Budgetary details IVLP-TAR centers

Centre code Centre Name Sanctioned Utilized(Rs. in lakhs) (Rs. in lakhs)2002-2003 2002-2003

RFIVLP01 BAU, Ranchi 7.52000 8.26400

RFIVLP02 CRIDA, Hyderabad 8.27000 5.04092

RFIVLP03 PDKV, Akola 8.37000 2.72631

RFIVLP04 IIHR, Bangalore 8.27000 10.54761

RFIVLP05 UAS, Bangalore 8.23000 5.18988

RFIVLP06 MPKV, Solapur, 8.20000 8.10210

RFIVLP07 IGAU, Raipur 7.97000 6.31952

RFIVLP08 CRRI, Cuttack 9.03000 2.97823

RFIVLP09 KVK, Koraput 8.99000 7.45950

RFIVLP10 RFRS, Vengurle 8.29000 6.75108

RFIVLP11 AAU, Assam 8.23000 4.43829

RFIVLP12 NRCG, Junagadh 8.26000 2.57848

RFIVLP13 ARS, Warangal 8.21000 3.58498

RFIVLP14 KVK, Ajmer 8.37000 5.57522

RFIVLP15 CICR, Nagpur 7.22000 8.43707

RFIVLP16 CIAE, Bhopal 7.28000 8.01301

RFIVLP17 NRCR & M, Bharatpur 6.25000 7.60990

RFIVLP18 NRCS, Indore 7.37000 5.88410

RFIVLP19 JNKVV, Jabalpur 6.32000 5.85002

RFIVLP20 IIPR, Kanpur 7.37000 5.12069

RFIVLP21 UAS, Dharwad 7.47000 4.78149

RFIVLP22 IGFRI, Jhansi 8.73000 4.81587

RFIVLP23 RAU, Udaipur 8.22000 4.48496

RFIVLP24 NBSS & LUP, Nagpur 7.13400 4.97698

TOTAL 189.57400 131.26621

* Expenditure is based on SoE and includes the carryover budget from 2001-02 also.

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Annexure - V

Participation of the core team of Rainfed Agro Ecosystem Directorate indifferent Site Committee Meetings held during 2002-2003

S. Meetings of Institutes/ Date HeldNo. Universities

1. Site committee of NATP at Anand Campus 7-8th October, 2003

2. Site committee at MAU, Parbhani 25th August, 2003

3. Site committee of NATP at Ranchi 28-29th July, 2003

4. Site committee of NATP at Assam Agricultural University 17-18th July, 2003

5. 4th site committee meeting cum workshop at JNKVV, Jabalpur 28-30th June, 2003

6. PAU site committee meeting 10th June, 2003

7. Site committee at RAU, Bikaner 23rd-24thApril, 2003

8. Review of NATP projects under Mission mode by site committee, CAZRI 7th March 2003

9. Site committee at CRIFAF, Barrackpore 6th March, 2003

10. Site committee meeting at IGAU, Raipur 6th-7th January, 2003

11. Site committee held at College of agriculture, Narendra Deva Univ.of 27th December, 2002Agriculture and tech., Kumarganj, Faizabad

12. Site committee at IIPR, Kanpur 24th December, 2002

13. 5th Site committee for integration and operationalization of 4-5th December, 2002research programme held at MPKV, Rahuri

14. 3rd Site committee at CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ., Hissar, Haryana 4th August, 2002

15. 2nd site committee at CRRI, Cuttack 2nd August, 2002

16. Site committee meeting at UAS, Directorate of Research, GKVK, Bangalore August, 2002

17. Site committee at IIPR, Kanpur 30th July, 2002

18. Site committee of NATP, Assam Agricultural Univ. 17-18th July, 2002

19. Site committee of NATP at Assam Agricultural University 15-16th July, 2002

20. 2nd site committee meeting of NATP, Assam Agricultural University 10-11th July, 2002

21. Site committee meeting for different programmes of NATP projects 26-27th June ,2002held at NRCRM, Bharatpur

22. Site committee meeting held at CRIDA 10th May, 2002

23. Site committee at UAS, Directorate of Research, GKVK, Bangalore March, 2002

24. Site committee meeting held at NRCRM, Bharatpur 22nd – 23rd March, 2002

25. Site committee meeting held at NCAP, New Delhi 13th March, 2002

26. Monitoring and evaluation of NATP schemes by Site Committee, PAU 22nd February, 2002

27. NATP workshop at IGFRI, Jhansi 1st-2nd February, 2002


93

Annexure - VI

Assessment and Refinement of Technologiesin different IVLP centers

Production problem and Description of the Technology assessed and Impact of the technologiesmicro-farming situation recommended technology refined by IVLP center

Rainfed Rice based Production System

AAU, Nagaon

Low productivity in Sali rice(upland and mid land sandyloam soils)

The low productivity of Salirice due to growing of longduration varieties with hampersto raise succeeding rabi cropsin sandy loam and loam soils

Nutrient management in tomato

IGAU, RaipurPoor yields of rice due to zincdeficiency in bunded rice fields

Low productivity of rice due toimbalanced fertilizer use

Low productivity of rice due tointermittent drought spells

Low productivity of rice due toheavy incidence of pests

BAU, RanchiRainfed low profitability in rainfedlow lands

Application of N: P: K @ 40:20:20.Half of the Nitrogen, whole ofphosphorus and potash is appliedas basal dose at final puddlingof field and rest half of -nitrogenat tillering stage.

Improved varieties of Satya andBasundhara (125-130 days) tofacilitate for sowing of rabi crops

Application of N :P:K @ 75 :60:60.Half of the Nitrogen and rest ofthe fertilizer are to be applied asbasal and remaining amount ofnitrogen is top dressed in one ortwo splits.

Foliar spray of 5 kg ZnSO4/hatwice

Recommended dose of fertilizer100:60:40 NPK/ha

Drought tolerant variety ofPoornima and IR 64.

Two sprays of monocrotophos

Rice-maize, rice-oak, rice-bottlegouard double croppingsystem

Green manuring with dhainchabefore sali paddy and plougingdown the crop during landpreparation along with 50% ofRDF.

Cultivation of medium durationHYV of Basundhara (125-130days).

Half of the nitrogen and totalamount of phosphorus and potashis to be applied as basal doseand rest of the nitrogen as foliarspray in three splits on 30, 40and 50 days after transplanting.

Soil application 25 kgZnSO4/ha

Recommended dose of fertilizer100:60:40 NPK/ha + Azospillium+ PSB

IR-64 has found tolerant forintermittent drought in bundedrice fields of Alfisols and Vertisols

One spray of neem basedinsecticide + one spray ofmonocrotophos

Rice-bottlegouard, rice-oak

The technology was easy to handle andcompatible with internal resource of householdas well as existing farming systems. Thisintervention reduces the cost of fertilizer by50%.

This variety could increase the net returns by7000/ha compared to the local besides givingenough time to grow rabi vegetables since itis medium in duration.

Foliar application of nitrogen was more easilyavailable to the plants and hence yield washigher over recommended technology. Butthe technique needs more manpower. Moreover,for foliar application of nitrogen sprayequipment’s and skill are additional requirements.Existing farming system will not. be disturbeddue to this technique of nutrient application

Refined technology recorded high BC ratio (1.77)and net returns (Rs.12670/ha) compared torecommended practice (1.53, Rs.10129/ha)

Refined technology recorded high net returns(Rs.11545/h) compared to RDF (Rs.4160/ha)

Increased productivity by 700 kg and profitabilityRs.4000/ha over Poornima

Increase in yield (19%) and net returns (63%)

This systems on an average recorded additionalreturns Rs.12000 and 5000/ha over rice-maize system

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Low profitability in rainfed upand medium lands

Low productivity of marigoldin uplands

Low productivity of rainfedtomato due to wilt disease


Rice-maize, rice-pea, rice-horsegram

Orange drop and lemon drop

Improved varieties of Akka abhaand akka alok

Rice-pea and rice-horsegram

Lemon drop

Akka abha

The systems gave additional returns of 22000and 12000/ha over rice fallows

Increasing productivity by Rs.1000/ha overorange drop

Akka abha gave additional net returns ofRs.3300/ha over akka alok due to tolerancefro wilt disease

NRCS, Indore

Low yields of soybean due togirdle beetle damage

Low yields in soybean due toimbalanced use of nutrients andlow soil fertility

JNKV, Jabalpur

Low yields of soybean due tointermittent dry spells

Low yields of soybean due tosoil borne diseases

Low yields of soybean due toless and imbalanced use offertilizers under FS-1, FS-2 andFS-3 situations

Low yields of chickpea due topod borer incidence

CIAE, Bhopal

Low yields in soybean due toheavy incidence of weeds inmedium and deep black soils

Low yields in soybean due toimbalanced fertilizer use

Low yields in soybean underdelayed sowing conditions inmedium and deep rainfed Vertisols


Phorate application at sowing@ 10 kg/ha followed by triazophos@ 0.8 l/ha.

RDF (20:26.2:16.6:20:6 NPKSZn/ha) + rhizobium culture + PSBculture

Graded bunding (0.84 m) crosssection

Seed treatment with bavistin +thiram (1:2)

RDF 20:40:20:20 NPKZn/ha

Two sprays of quinolphos after50% flowering and at 20 daysafter podding

Alacholor @ 20 kg/ha (granules)as pre-emergence application

20:60:30:20:10 NPKSZn/ha

Cultivation of soybean

Mechanical removal of girdlebeetle in infested plants hasenhanced the yield

FYM (FP) + balance throughchemical fertilizers (PKSZn) tomake RDF has enhanced the yieldof soybean

Sowing across the slope

Seed treatment with Trichodermaviridae

Farmers practice of fertilizerapplication (16:20 NP kg/ha) +Rhizobium + PSB

Vegetative bird perching +quinolphos spray after 50%flowering

Summer ploughing + mechanicalweeding by hand weeder/ powerweeder

IPNS - 5t FYM + 10:30:20:20:10NPKSZn/ha (50% RDF) +biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB)

Substitution of soybean withmarigold, pigeonpea and maize

Farmers have shown more interest towardsintegrated pest management rather than useof pesticides.

12% higher yield was obtained with refinedtechnology.

Increment in yield (13%) and profitability Rs.1000/ha compared to the bunding alone. It is costeffective and can be adopted with minimumrisk.

This refined technology increased net returnsby Rs.1000/ha compared to the farmers practiceand showed equal performance with that ofchemicals. Limitation is availability Trichodermaviridae culture.

Integrated nutrient management is moreeconomical than use of straight fertilizers andrecorded high BC ratio over existing practice.

Refined technology recorded higher net returnsand BC ratio resource poor farmers haveadopted this technology because of cost effective.

The modified technology enhanced theproductivity by 28% and profitability of RS.1710/ha over the FP.

This IPNS module enhanced the productivity by18% over recommended fertilizer practice. Thispractice saved the fertilizer to the extent of 50%

Marigold was highly preferred to late sownsoybean as it is a ready cash for the producerduring festival times.


95

Low yields of brinjal due toshoot and fruit borer damage

Low yields of chickpea due topod borer damage in rainfedmedium deep Vertisols

Low productivity of pigeonpeaand chickpea due to pod borerdamage in rainfed medium andlight black soils

Low productivity of chickpeadue to wilt incidence

Low yields of lentil due toimbalanced fertilizer use


Clean cultivation + 2 sprays ofcypermethrin and 1 spray ofquinolphos

Chickpea + mustard intercroppingin 4:2 ratio

Summer deep ploughing + seedtreatment with Trichoderma viridae+ polytrin + chlorpyriphos spray

Use of resistant varieties JG-74,JG-218 and BG-372 seedtreatment with Trichoderma viridae

RDF 15:30:30 NPK/ha

Clean cultivation + trap cropof marigold + 2 sprays ofchlorpyriphos + NPV +pheromone traps has resultedin 28.2% higher brinjal yieldwhen compared to FP.

Chickpea + mustard in 4:2ratio + 2 sprays of endosulfan

Summer deep ploughing +seed treatment with Trichodermaviridae + nimbicidin + NPV+ pheromone traps

JG-74 followed by BG-372with seed treatment ofTrichoderma

FYM 5t + 50% of RDF +biofertilizers

IPM reduced infestation by 12% and improvednet income by Rs.4200/ha over recommendedpractice

Pod borer infestation reduced 18% with additionalprofit of Rs.3680 recorded over recommendedpractice

Refined technology improved the net returnsby Rs.3900 in pigeonpea and Rs.3170/ha inchickpea

Wilt incidence reduced by 26% and net incomeincreased by Rs.2000/ha over recommendedpractice

Net returns increased by Rs.1300/ha


ANGRAU, Warangal

Low yields in turmeric due toleaf spot and rhizome rot inshallow to medium deep blacksoils

CICR, Nagpur

Low yields of cotton due toimbalanced application ofnutrients

Low yields of intercrops duefaulty selection in citrus orchard

Loss of appetite, body weightand mortali ty due toendoparasitic infestation incattle/ buffaloes

Low milk productivity andreduced reproductive capacitydue to improper diet in dairycattle

Spraying of mangozeb @ 2.5 g/l and captan @ 2 g/l on needbasis

Recommended dose of fertilizeri.e. 90:45:45 NPK kg/ha

Mandarin + soybean

Fenbendazole (penacure @ 7.5mg/kg body weight, 2 bolus peranimal

Grazing + conc. feed 2-5 kgper day + mineral mixture 250g/animal/day

Soil application of Trichoderma@ 2 kg/ha + drenching withCOC at first appearance of thedisease

45:45:45 NPK kg/ha +Azatobacter + SB

Mandarin + Marigold

Morantal citrate (banminth 2 bolus/100 kg body weight

Grazing + conc. Feed 2-3 kgper day + mineral mixture(Vitablend AD-3) @ 25g/ 100kg feed

Rhizome yield increased by 20.7% overrecommended technology

This refined technology has recorded 8% higheryield compared to recommended technology.

This Refined technology has improved theprofitability in citrus based intercropping systemby 16% when compared to recommendedtechnology.

This refined technology has improved theprofitability of the intervention by 4% whencompared to recommended practice

More milk yield(4%) and higher net returns(Rs.283/-) were recorded with refined technologycompared to recommended technology

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PDKV, Akola

Low yield of cotton due toinadequate moistureconservation

Low yield of cotton due to heavyincidence of bollworms


Sowing across the slope

One spray of NSE 5% and onespray of HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha

Sowing across the major slopeand opening alternate furrow atlast two hoeing.

One spray of NSE 5% and twosprays of HaNPV @ 250 LE/haat critical levels.

Yield increase of 0.4 q/ha was observed overthe recommended technology

—

MPKV, SolapurLow yield in sunflower +pigeonpea intercropping

Low yields of sunflower due touse of high seed rate

Low yields of sunflower +pigeonpea system and sole andintercropping systems

Incidence of pod borer andother pest complex on solepigeonpea

Low income due to impropercrop rotation

Low yields of rabi sorghum dueto improper and imbalancedfertilizer schedule

UAS, DharwadPoor yields of local pigeonpeadue to fusarium wilt

Low yields of hybrid cotton dueto high pest incidence

CRIDA, HyderabadLow and unstable productivityof sorghum + pigeonpea inrainfed Alfisols

Low yields of sorghum +pigeonpea due to intermittentdryspell

Nutitious Cereal based Production System

Intercropping of sunflower +pigeonpea (1:1)

Improved variety SS-56 with theseed rate of 12 kg/ha

Formation of ridges and furrowsbefore monsoon after lastharrowing

One spray of endosulfan (0.07%)followed by one spray offenvalerate (0.02%) at 15 daysinterval from flowering

Cowpea in (kharif) followed byrabi sorghum in deep Vertisols

Biofertilizer + NPK 50:25:25 kg/ha

Growing wilt resistant pigeonpeaVariety Maruti

Growing Bt cotton and use ofmonocrotophos

Sorghum (CSV-15) + pigeonpea(1:2)

Sowing a crop slope andconservation furrow in sorghum+ pigeonpea system (2:1)

Intercropping of sunflower +pigeonpea (2:1)

Improved variety SS-56 with theseed rate of 8 kg/ha

Formation of compartmental bundsafter last harrowing beforemonsoon

IPM package i.e pheromone trapand lure, trap crop, neem seedextract 5%, NPV culture andendosulfan

Blackgram in kharif followed byrabi sorghum

Farmers practice (NPK 35:0:0)+ biofertilizer

Application of Trichoderma in thefurrows for wilt control to localor improved variety maruti

IPM module involving use ofinsecticides, trap crop, pheromonetrap, HaNPV and parasite releasein hybrid cotton

Sorghum CSV-15/SPV-462 +Pigeonpea (Maruthi) in 3:1 ratio

Sorghum + pigeonpea in 3:1ratio with conservation furrowsat 1.2 m space and additionalnitrogen @ 10 kg/ha reduce earlyand mid season drought

Higher average returns (47.47%) was recordedwhen compared to recommended technology.

Refined technology increased the sunfloweryield by 81% on farmers fields.

Compartmental bunds recorded 14% highergrain yield over recommended practice and 7farmers were succeeded out of 10 farmersadopted during drought year.

9 farmers were adopted. Increase in net returnswas 72% due to IPM

The average returns were maximum (Rs.13756)with refined technology

Thirteen succeeded among 15 farmers wereimplemented.

Compatible with local farming system wiltresistant variety gave 132 kg/ha compared todisease susceptible local variety (59 kg/ha)

Good impact and spread of IPM module incotton area. IPM package gave 58% highercotton yield compared to farmers method andBC ratio 2.54 compared to Bt cotton withinsecticide.

The system improved the yields by 15-20%. Netadditional returns by Rs.2500-3500/ha. 42-50% of farmers adopted these improved varieties.

Conservation furrows and 10 kg N after reliefof dry spells enhanced the productivity ofsorghum + pigeonpea, mungbean and sunflowerby 15-20% compared to control. About 45%of farmers are adopting these techniques forstabilizing the productivity.


97

Heavy incidence of Heliothisin pigeonpea in rainfed Alfisolswith undulated topography

Low yields of castor rainfedAlfisols due to droughtsusceptible varieties

Low yields of castor due todrought spells in

Low yields of castor due topoor soil fertility degraded soilsin rainfed Alfisols with undulatedtopography


Endosulphan ( 2l/ha) of grainformation to sorghum and 23days of endosulpan (4 l/ha) twiceto pigeonpea at flowering

Aruna, Jyothi for resource poorfarmers. GCH-2 for mediumresource farmers

Sowing across slope andinterculture during dryspell

10:13:0 NPK/ha as basal + 40kg N/ha as top dressing in twoequal splits.

Early sowing, collectin of larvaeby mechanical shaking, one sprayof systemic insecticide. (endosulfan@ 1 l/ha)

Kranti and Jyothi for quick revivalafter drought and Castor CV.48-1 for tolerance against greymold

Conservation furrows andadditional N application @ 10kg/ha after relief of dry spells atvegetative and flowering stages

Basal application of 10:13:0 kgNPK/ha and 20 kg N as part oftop dressing

The refined technology equal profitability withthat of recommended pest control in pigeonpea.About 80% of small and marginal farmersadopted early sowing and mechanical shaking(cultural) than recommended practice of podborer control.

Farmers preferred Kranti compared to its betterdrought tolerance and also moderate toleranceto greymold. About 80% of farmers in thisarea are using improved varieties of Krantiand Jyothi

Formulation of conservation furrows enhancedthe productivity by 24% over control. About90% of castor growing farmers are adoptingconservation furrows and 40% of the mediumto big farmers preferred to practice additionalN application.

Refined technology was found economicallyoptimum with BC ratio of 2.02. Small andmarginal farmers preferred to adopt the refinedtechnology for higher ara coverage and forrisk minimization.

IIPR, Kanpur

Low yield of pigeonpea due topoor soil fertility

Low yields due to pod fly andpod borer infestation inpigeonpea

Low yield of mung bean varietydue to local variety with YMVsusceptibility

Low yields of chickpea andlinseed mixed cropping systemdue to root rot/wilt diseases inrainfed clay and clayloam soils

Low productivity of chickpeadue pod borer incidence


20:50:20 N:P2O5:S kg/ha withimproved variety

2 spray of dimethoate (0.03%)at 15 days interval

Cultivation of Narendra Mung-1(YMV resistant variety)

2 summer ploughings + seedtreatment with carbendazim: thiram(1:2 g/kg seed)

2 sprays of endosulfan (0.07%)

10:25:10:20 NPKSZn withimproved variety + rhizobiumculture

1 spray of NSKE 5% followed bymonocrotophos (0.04%) at 15days interval

Cultivation of Samrat (YMV resistantvariety)

Seed treatment with Trichodermaharzianum + vitavax

1 spray of NSKE @ 5% andsecond spray of endosulfan(0.07%)

Reined technology gave 22% higher yieldthan farmers practice and 17 farmers of IVLPvillage and 4 farmers of non IVLP village wereadopted this technology

More B:C ratio was recorded (3.59) comparedto recommended practice (3.43). 25 farmers(10.1 ha) in IVLP village and 5 farmers (2.4 ha)of non IVLP village were adopted this technology

High net returns and B:C ratio were recordedwith refined variety

Refined technology recorded high net returns(Rs.8717/ha) compared to recommendedpractice (Rs.5282/ha). 40 farmers in the IVLPvillage and 9 farmers from non IVLP villagewere adopted this technology

Intervention refined technology recorded onpar result with recommended technology. Withless additional cost 53 farmers (39 ha) in theIVLP village and 11 farmers (10 ha) from non-IVLP village were adopted this technology.

rainfed agro-ecosystem · 2004-07-08 · rainfed agro-ecosystem – tar-ivlp vii the importance of...

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